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Gilles Duceppe, Bleu De Coeur Et De Regard ROBERT BLONDIN GILLES DUCEPPE BLEU DE CŒUR ET DE REGARD Gilles Duceppe : bleu de cœur et de regard Du même auteur Le facteur de la rue De Gaspé, Montréal, Cinépomme, 2015 Maudit bonheur, Montréal, Cinépomme, 2011 Le bonheur possible. Les gens heureux ont une histoire, Montréal, Stanké, 2005 Le plus vieux propos du monde, avec Louise-Andrée Saulnier, Montréal, Stanké, 2005 Entretiens avec trois géants de la chanson (en collaboration), Montréal, Hurtubise, 2005 Mûres confidences, Montréal, Stanké, 2003 Aimer. Les voix de l’expérience, Montréal, Stanké, 2002 Rêver. Les voix de l’expérience, Montréal, Stanké, 2002 Le Guerrier désarmé, Montréal, Boréal, 1994 Le sabot de Brel, Montréal, Quinze, 1992 Sept degrés de solitude ouest, Montréal, Quinze, 1989 Le guide du répondeur bien branché, Montréal, Éditions du jour, 1988 Le mensonge amoureux, Montréal, Éditions de l’Homme, 1985 Le bonheur possible, Montréal, Boréal, 1983 Chers nous autres, un siècle de correspondance québécoise (2 tomes), Montréal, VLB, 1978 ROBERT BLONDIN Biographie Catalogage avant publication de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec et Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Blondin, Robert, 1942- Gilles Duceppe : bleu de cœur et de regard Comprend des références bibliographiques. ISBN 978-2-89781-078-8 1. Duceppe, Gilles, 1947- . 2. Québec (Province) - Histoire - Autonomie et mouvements indépendantistes. 3. Canada - Politique et gouvernement - 1993-2006 - Caricatures et dessins humoristiques. 4. Bloc québécois - Biographies. 5. Chefs de parti politique - Canada - Biographies. 6. Hommes politiques - Canada - Biographies. I. Titre. II. Titre : Bleu de cœur et de regard. FC636.D83A3 2017 971.064’8092 C2017-941317-1 Les Éditions Hurtubise bénéficient du soutien financier du gouvernement du Québec par l’entremise du programme de crédit d’impôt pour l’édition de livres et de la Société de déve- loppement des entreprises culturelles du Québec (SODEC). L’éditeur remercie également le Conseil des arts du Canada de l’aide accordée à son programme de publication. Conception graphique : René St-Amand Photographie de la couverture : Martine Doucet Maquette intérieure et mise en pages : Folio infographie Copyright © 2017, Éditions Hurtubise inc. ISBN (version imprimée) : 978-2-89781-078-8 ISBN (version numérique PDF) : 978-2-89781-079-5 ISBN (version numérique ePub) : 978-2-89781-080-1 Dépôt légal : 4e trimestre 2017 Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Diffusion-distribution au Canada : Diffusion-distribution en Europe : Distribution HMH Librairie du Québec/DNM 1815, avenue De Lorimier, 30, rue Gay-Lussac Montréal (Québec) H2K 3W6 75005 Paris FRANCE www.distributionhmh.com www.librairieduquebec.fr www.editionshurtubise.com Table des matières avant-propos 11 parcours 13 chapitre 1 Le petit Gilles les racines 15 Famille et fratrie chapitre 2 Gilles l’étudiant la croissance 81 Apprentissages chapitre 3 Monsieur Gilles les sous-bois 135 Personnalité chapitre 4 Monsieur Duceppe le boisé 167 Outils professionnels et talents chapitre 5 Gilles le sportif les greffes 209 Connivences chapitre 6 Gilles l’amoureux les semis 221 Liens affectifs chapitre 7 Le citoyen Duceppe le climat 251 Engagement politique chapitre 8 Cheveux blancs la feuillaison 283 En pleine action à Ottawa chapitre 9 Destin dévié les perturbations 333 Saut au PQ chapitre 10 Héritage la récolte 387 Impact chapitre 11 La terre Québec les sols 411 Identité québécoise chapitre 12 Demain des nuages 421 Avenir de l’indépendance chapitre 13 Vieillir l’automne 439 En somme… bibliographie 455 entrevues 459 sources iconographiques 467 remerciements 469 À Arthur, Béatrice, Florence, Loup, Margaux et Marie, en leur souhaitant de poursuivre « la folle entreprise de la lucidité », comme l’a écrit et professé Michel Garneau. Avant-propos En tissant des détails inédits entre des événements connus ou non dans la vie et les engagements de Gilles Duceppe, on arrive à mieux comprendre la trame de l’homme et de son parcours. Voilà pourquoi il s’agit d’une biographie de ses engagements à travers lesquels l’homme et son destin, et celui de son Québec, s’entrecroisent. Son impact social et politique et, en miroir, l’influence du parcours politique du Québec sur les agissements de Gilles Duceppe, ont guidé nos recherches. En tout respect, mais sans censure, ce livre raconte Gilles Duceppe. La structure et la narration de cet ouvrage ne suivent pas une démarche classique, académique, qui ferait l’inventaire des faits et gestes de Gilles Duceppe. En suivant le cheminement de l’homme, on explore ses sentiers de traverses. Nous avons aussi choisi de conserver le plus possible la rugosité de la langue parlée lors des rencontres avec les intervenants et avec Gilles Duceppe, pour ainsi restituer sa spon- tanéité. La verdeur de ce langage parlé permet d’approcher davantage de la vérité, des émotions, que le langage châtié que des soucis litté- raires risquaient d’aseptiser. On y entend une mosaïque de personnes plutôt qu’une galerie de personnages. Ce livre s’est nourri de longs entretiens avec Gilles Duceppe, de douzaines de rencontres avec ses amis, sa famille, ses complices, ainsi qu’avec des analystes, des historiens, des journalistes et des adversaires de l’homme et de ses convictions. Ni un procès ni un florilège d’éloges, ce livre témoigne en toute sincérité de la vie privée et publique d’un être diablement attachant. 12 • gilles duceppe : bleu de cœur et de regard La vie de Gilles Duceppe ne se prête pas aux métaphores érudites et aux analyses psychanalytiques. Ce serait trahir le naturel du sujet. Cet ouvrage s’adresse donc aux Québécois et Canadians curieux de faire la connaissance privilégiée d’un homme qui a marqué son époque. Entre 1947 et 2017, Duceppe passe du Québec aimé à être aimé du Québec. Nous suivons, au cours de chapitres articulés autour de thé- matiques aussi émotives que narratives, le parcours d’un homme dans ses engagements, ses joies, ses déceptions, ses réussites et ses erreurs. Les réflexions et confidences de l’homme se déroulent sous l’éclai- rage persistant de sa disponibilité aux changements : ceux de sa société, de l’équilibre mondial, des hoquets financiers de l’Occident, de la volatilité de la justice sociale, de ses attachements multiples, de ses ambiguïtés qui ne font que refléter celles du pays rêvé et de son peuple. Gilles est le Québec et le Québec chemine à la Duceppe. Avec pas- sion et conviction entre les paradoxes, les rêves, les déceptions et l’espoir. Tout au long du parcours de cette vie, le chapelet événementiel du Québec viendra se lover, s’enchevêtrer, éclairer, expliquer, inter- roger le parcours engagé de Gilles Duceppe. Comme pour toute per- sonne vivant sous les feux de la notoriété, la cloison est mince entre la personne et le personnage, entre Gilles et Duceppe. Souvent, cette cloison n’existe carrément pas dans les agissements de cet homme public pas comme les autres. Cette authenticité est à la source d’une crédibilité que devraient lui envier de nombreux politiciens. Parcours Un rapide survol. Gilles Duceppe, né le 22 juillet 1947, est le fils aîné d’une famille de sept enfants. La solidarité familiale ne s’est jamais démentie malgré les aléas de la vie. Gilles Duceppe est bachelier ès arts du collège Mont-Saint-Louis. Il a étudié les sciences politiques à l’Université de Montréal. Très jeune, il milite pour la justice sociale et un Québec indépen- dant pour l’obtenir. Vice-président de l’Union générale des étudiants et étudiantes du Québec (UGEQ) en 1968 et 1969, il est directeur du journal Quartier latin de 1970 à 1971. Il devient membre du Parti québécois où il est organisateur politique pour Robert Burns, un des sept premiers péquistes élus. Son idéalisme sociopolitique le conduit au sein du Parti commu- niste ouvrier. Il travaille comme préposé à l’hôpital Royal Victoria où il fait la promotion de la syndicalisation. Ses convictions de justice sociale lui feront ensuite gravir des éche- lons au sein de la Confédération des syndicats nationaux, où il devient un habile négociateur. Il est élu pour la première fois député de Laurier-Sainte-Marie à la Chambre des communes en 1990, avec une majorité de 67 %, trois semaines après que Lucien Bouchard eut mis en place les bases du futur Bloc québécois. Il se retrouve ainsi premier député élu sous une bannière souverainiste à siéger en territoire fédéral. Après l’élection partielle de 1990, il occupe les fonctions de porte-parole du Bloc québécois en matière d’Affaires indiennes, de 14 • gilles duceppe : bleu de cœur et de regard Multi culturalisme, de Défense, de Travail, d’Emploi et d’Immigration, de Condition féminine et des Anciens Combattants Après l’élection générale de 1993, où le Bloc gagne 54 sièges et devient l’opposition officielle, il assume le rôle de whip en chef. En 1996, Lucien Bouchard quitte le Bloc pour prendre les rênes du pouvoir à Québec. Duceppe est nommé chef par intérim jusqu’à l’élection de Michel Gauthier. Il devient leader parlementaire de cette opposition officielle en février 1996. En 1997, Gilles Duceppe succède à Gauthier. Aux élections, le Bloc passe de 54 à 44 députés. Il est réélu en 2000, 2004, 2006 et 2008. Il participe à la commission Bélanger-Campeau comme membre sup- pléant. Gilles Duceppe a été membre de l’exécutif national du Mouvement-Québec et coprésident de la campagne de financement référendaire de 1995. À deux reprises, il a été pressenti – en vain – pour prendre la tête du Parti québécois. Il est battu dans sa circonscription en 2011 et démissionne comme chef du Bloc. En octobre 2015, il revient à la tête du parti pour les élections. Il sera également battu lors de cette élection. Il reste à ce jour un des politiciens québécois les plus populaires. chapitre 1 Le petit Gilles les racines Des racines C’est un jeune British Home Child (on disait aussi Broken Home Child), BHC.
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