REVUE BELGE
DE NUMISMATIQUE
ET DE SIGILLOGRAPHIE
PUBLIÉE UITGEGEVEN SOUS LE HAUT PATRONAGE ONDER DE HOGE BESCHERMING DE S. M. LE ROI VAN Z. M. DE KONING PAR LA Doon HET
SOCIÉTÉ ROYALE KONINKLIJK BELGISCH DE NUMISMATIQUE DE BELGIQUE GENOOTSCHAP VOOR NUMISIVIATIEK
ET SUBSIDIÉE PAR LE EN :MET DE STEUN VAN DE GOUVERNgl\IENT REGEIUNG
DIRECTEURS:
PAUL NASTER, ÉMILE BROUETTE,
JEAN JADûT, TONY HACKENS
CXX - 1974.
BHUXELLES BRUSSEL WILLIAM E. METCALF
THE «CAIRO)} HOARD OF TETRARCHIC FOLLES
(Planche 1)
In March, 1914, the late E. T. Newell acquired a large hoard of tetrarchie folles from Hassan Abd-el-Salam, a Cairo dealer. Beyond the fact of its purchase at Cairo, nothing is known of the hoard's provenance; but this combines with the dominance of Alexandrian issues to suggest an Egyptian find spot. At an unknown date, Newell listed the contents of the hoard, describing types and legends and including references to Voetter's catalogue of the Gerin collection. About 1932 poorly preserved and duplicate specimens were removed from his trays; until recently, 400 such specimens remained in theîr original box and wrappings. Approxîmately 350 more pieces, aIl later issues of Alexandria, were discarded, sold, or lost ; they cannot now be located. It is possible to reconstruct the hoard fully from Newell's notes, though not in every case to identify pieces which came from it (1). Where his notes cau be checked against current ANS holdings, they are accurate; and despite the loss of many pieces which might have illuminated mint activity at Alexandria, the size and prove nance of the hoard warrant a record of its contents.
(1) Only Alexandrîan pieces havelcompletely disappeared. For all other mints, current ANS holdings are sufficiently large to include the contents of the hoard as Newell recorded them, but there is still diffîculty in identüying individual specimens from the hoard. Over the years sorne coins have become separated from their tickets. and while aIl coins from his collection are 50 designated, often there is no note of their ultimate source. Under the circumstances it Is impossible to provide a complete record of weight, die axis. and module; nor can legend breaks be noted, since Newel1's manuscript does not record them. In the catalogue I employ for convenience the major variant of each legend, following RIe VI. Ruler Mini mark Reverse Officina & Quanlity RIe VI LONDON l. Diocletian _1 GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI 1 6a 2. Divus Constantius _1 CONSECRATIO 1 _(2) TREVERI :'! 3. Maximian 1 GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI 1 139b TR !" 4. DiocIetian " 1 142. a: '"...o A-CI > 5. " A 1 171. r- TR ." 6. " B 1 176a 7. " A 1 obv.1egend ilIegible 8-9. Maximian 1 " " A 2 181b 10-11. Constantius " A, B 1, 1 213a 12. " A 1 214a (2) See below, p. 105. 13. Galerius Maximian __1* FORTVNAE REDVCI B 1 413 A-BTR CAESS NN 14. Constantius U!: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI I. 1 50Sa l-IlTR SI F 15. Galerius Maximian GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI 1 594b PTR .. LUGDUNUM '" :>'" o 16. Constantius LA-B GENIO POPVLI ROMANI A té'" 1 6 ri A-B 0 17. Maximian I GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI B 1 42b r-'" PL t" '"en IS. " " " A 1 43 ~-B 19. Constantius PLC " " A 1 164a 20. Maximian l 1* PLC " 1 175b/1S4 21. Maximinus " " " 1 199b 25-27. Diocletian --"l " P, S 1,2 31a P-ST 28. Maximian 1 " " " S 1 31b 29-30. Constantius " " " P, S 1, 1 32a 31. Galerius Maximien " " " S 1 32b ;li !" 32-35. Diocletian _*_1- P,S 2,2 33a ;: P-ST. .., 36-38. Maximian I " " P 3 33b '" ">r- 39-40. Galerius Maximîan " " P,S 1, 1 35b '" 41-45. Diocletian - SACRA MONET AVGG-ET P,S,T 2,2,1 43a P-TT. CAESS NOSTR 46-47. Maximian I " S 2 43b 48-52. Constantins " " " P, S,T 2,2,1 44a 53-54. Galerius Maximian " " S 2 44b 55-58. Diocletian " SACRA MONET AVGG ET P, S 3, 1 54a CAESS NOSTR 59-67. Maximian l " " " P,S,T 5, 2, 2 45b 68-74. Constantius " P,S,T 2,3,2 46a 79-82. Galerius Maximian " P,S,T 2,3,3 46b 83-85. Diocletian 1 * " P, S l, 2 47a P-TT 86-87. Maximian I " " P,T i, 1 47b 88-90. Constantius " " " P,T 2,1 48a 91-92. Galerius Maximian " " S, T 1, 1 48b t;j _1,,- >-l 93. Maximian " S 1 cf. p. 288 n. I. ST ,.'" C> 01 '"0: 94. Maximinus VIRTVS AV-GG ET S 1 74 D P-TT ;g CAESS NN r- r- AQUILEIA '" 95. Galerius Maximian AQ GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI 1 19b 96-98. Diocletian AQ P-r " " P 3 23a 99-100. Maximian I " " " P, S 1, 1 23b tor, Constantius " " P 1 24a 102-103. Galerius Maximian " " " P, r 1, 1 24b 104-106. Diocletian " " " P,S 1,2 25a ...., ..., 107-108. Maximian I " " " S 2 25b 00 109-110. Constantius " " r 2 26a 111. Galerius Maximian " " r 1 26b 112-119. Maximian l ml " " P,S 3,5 27b AQP-r 120. Galerius Maximian " " r 1 28b 121. Diocletian SACRA MONET AVGG-ET P 1 29a AQP-r CAESS NOSTR "t" 122-123. Maximian l " S 2 29b 0: 124-128. Constantius " r 5 30a ..; '"o Galerius Maxirnian 3 30b ;>- 129-131. " " " r t-< ." IV 132-139. Diocletian SACRA MONET AVGG ET P, S l, 7 31a AQP-r CAESS NOSTR 140-141. Maximian l " " " P, S i, 1 31b 142-148. Constantius " r 7 32a 149-153. Galerius Maximian " " r 5 32b 154-156. Diocletian " SACR MONET AVGG ET P, S 1,2 33a CAESS NOSTR 157-161. Maximian l " " P,S 4, 1 33b 162. Constantius r 1 34a IV 1 163-164. Diocletian " P 2 35a AQP-r 165-166. Maximian 1 " " p. S 1. 1 35b 167-168. Constantius " " r 2 36a ~~ 169. Dioc1etian " " P 1 37a AQP-r .., 170. Maximian 1 " " S 1 37b "' 171. Galerius Maximian " r 1 38b ~ ~I VI c 172-175. Dioc1etian " P 4 39a t!: AQP-r n ~ 176-178. Maximian 1 S 3 39b r- r- ~I VI 179. Constantins " " r 1 40a '""' AQP-r 180-183. Galerius Maximian " r 4 40b 184. Galerius Maximian FIDES MILITVM AVGG P 60b AQP-r ET CAESS NN 185. Severus Caesar " VIRTVS AV-GG ET CAESS r 1 70a NN ...., "" ...... 00 186-187. Maximinus r 2 70b 0 188. .. VIRTVS AVGG-ET CAESS r 1 72b NN 189. Galerius Maximian FIDES MILITVM AVGG S 1 77a ET CAESSNN 190. Constantine Caesar .. VIRTVS A-VGG ET CAESS r 1 82b NN ROME 191-195. Maximian 1 !l_1 GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI A, ç 2,3 63 A-8 !" '"s: 196-206. Diocletian ...... A, B, 1:>., ç 1,2,7,1 64a ...... '"o 207. Maxirnian 1 ç 1 64b 1:"' 208-209. Diocletian .. .. A 2 65a 210-211. Maximian 1 ...... B 2 65b '" 212-214. Constantius ...... r, E 2,1 66a 215. .. .. r 1 67a 216. Galerius Maximian " .. .. 1:>. 1 67b RI S 217-221. Diocletian .. .. A,I:>.,H 1,2,2 7la A,I:>.,H,8 222. Maximian 1 .. .. H 1 7lb 223. Galerius Maximian ...... H 1 72 224-225. Constantius " " " H 2 73a RIF 226. Maximian 1 A-8 " " H 1 90b 227. Constantius " " r 1 93a 228-234. Diocletian P, T 6, 1 94a P-Q* " 235-242. Maximian " " S 8 94b 243-249. Constantius " T 7 95a .; .; 250-252. Galerius Maximian "' " " Q 3 95b :>'" o 253. Maximian 1 S ":t P, Q*, S, T- " 1 96b a 0 254-259. Diocletian SACRA MON VRB AVGG P '"t- P-Q~, P-Q,_ 6 100a r- ET CAESS NN "''" 260-261. Maximian 1 " " " S 2 100b 262-269. Constantius " " T 8 102a 270-273. Galerius Maximian " " Q 4 102b 274-278. Diocletian -~ RP-Q " " P 5 103a 279-280. Maximian 1 .. " " " S 2 103b 00- 281-291. Constantius " " " T 11 104a 00 292-294. Galerius Maximian " Q 3 104b '" 295-299. Diocletian " SAC MON VRB AVGG ET P 5 105a CAESS NN 300-305. Maximian 1 S 6 105b 306-309. Constantius " T 4 106a 310-313. Galerius Maximian " " " Q 4 106b 314-329. Diocletian p 16 111a RuP-Q 330-338. Maximian 1 " S 9 111b !"'" 339-348. Constantius " " " T 10 112a a:: 349-364. Galerius Maximian " " Q 16 112b '"o "~ 365-368. Constantius * " p 4 120a '" RP-Q 369-373. Galerius Maximian " S 5 120b 374. Severus Caesar Q 1 123a 375. Constantine p 1 132a RRP-Q 376. Maxentins CONSERV-VRB SVAE 1 258 REP-Q Q , ; :.;.; . CARTHAGE 377. Constantius FELIX AD-VENT A AVGG T 1 18a PKP-T NN A-L>I 378. Diocletian FELIX A-DVENT AVGG A 1 21a PKP-Q NN 379. Maximian l " " B 1 21b ... 380-382. Constantins " " r 3 22a ...'" 383-384. Galerius Maxirnian " " L> 2 22b ,.'" ~ '"o 385. Maximian l FELIXADV-ENT AVGG S 1 23b a PKS, T o ." 0 Constantius e- 386. FELIX ADV-ENT AVGG NN T 1 24a r- _11_ 387-388. Diocletian FELIXAD-VENTAVGGNN A 2 25a '" PKA 389. Maximian l !iL " " B 1 25b PKB Il 390. Constantins " " r 1 26a PKr !i_I_ 391. Galerius Maximian " " L> 1 26b PKL> 00 ~ 00 392. Maximian 1 SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS 1 27b "'- A-Il B AVCTA KART 393. Constantius " r 1 28a 394-396. Diocletian " SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS A 3 29a FEL KART 397. Galerius Maximian SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS Il 1 30b A-Il FEL KART 398-404. Diocletian A 7 31a ;'1 405-413. Maximian 1 " " B 9 31b '" a: 414-429. Constantius " r 16 32a ... 430-446. Galerius Maximian Il 17 32b '"c " > HI e- 447-451. Constantius ----;;::- etc. " A 5 39a '" 452-453. Galerius Maximian " B 2 39b 454-457. Severus Caesar r 4 40a 458-462. Maximinus " Il 5 40b SISCIA 463. Diocletian ~ GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI 1 74a 464. Maxirnian 1 " 1 74b 465-470. Maximian 1 SIA-r " " A, B, r 1,2,3 76b 471-472. Diocletian " " " A 2 79a 473-474. Constantius " " A,B 1, 1 81a 473-474. Constantius " " A,B 1, 1 81a 475-477. Galerius Maximian A, r 2, 1 81b ~r 478. Maximian r " " r 1 83b * S IS ., 479-485. Diocletian " " A, B, r 2,2,3 85a ., 486-489. Maximian 1 A, r 3, 1 85b '" "> 490. Constantius " " " r 1 89a c "0: 491-493. " " A, B, r 1, 1, 1 ~ " " 90a o 494-501. Galerius Maximian " " B, r 4,4 90b ." 0 r- ~-r e- 502-503. Diocletian " B, r 1, 1 108a SIS '" 504. Maximian l " A 1 108b 505. Constantius " A 1 109a 506-508. Galerius Maximian " A,B 2, 1 109b \A-r 509. Maximian 1 SACRA MONET AVGG A 1 130 S IS * ET CAESS NOSTR 510. " " " B 1 131b 00 '" co 511. Constantius " " A 1 133a cr> 512. Galerius Maximian " A 1 133b 513. Diocletian *1 A-r B 1 134a SIS " " 514-516. Maximian r " B, r 1,2 134b 517-520. Galerius Maximian " " " A, r 3, 1 135b IA-r 521. Diocletian * " " B 1 136a * SIS 522-523. Maximian 1 " A, r 1, 1 136b 524-526. Constantin. " B 3 137a "!" 527-528. Galerius Maximien " B 2 137b ;:.., __IA-r "'o 529. " " A 1 139b e- SIS "." ~ IA-r 530. Diocletian B 1 140a SIS 531. Maximian r " B 1 140b 532. Galerius Maximian B 1 141b. SERDICA IA-E 533-534. Diocletian GENfO POPV-L-f ROMANI B,Ll l, 1 3a • SM. SD. 535. Maximian I " " r 1 3b 536-537. Constantius " " r, E 1, 1 4a 538. Galerius Maximian " " A 1 4b 539. Constantius " " E 1 12a 540. Galerius Maximian " " 1:1 1 12b 54!. Maximinus " " A 1 13b A-1:1 542. Galerius Maximian * 1 GENIO A-VGVSTI B 1 35 .SM.SD. .., 543. Galeria Valeria VENERI V-ICTRICI r 1 41 ;;1"' ;> o THESSALQNICA " n" 544. Diocletian GENIO POPV-L-I ROMANI B 1 19a TSA-B '"0,. e- 545. Maximian r " A 1 19b '""' 546-547. Diocletian " A 2 21a .TSA.-B " 548-550. Maxirnian 1 " " A 3 21b 55!. Constantins " A 1 22a 552-553. Galerius Maximian " B 2 22b ~E 554-555. Diocletian " " r 2 23a TS ...,00 00 556. Constantins " " " r 1 24a 00 ~E 557. Diocletian E 1 25a .TS. 558-560. Maximian l " " D., E 2,1 25b 561. Constantius " " E 1 26a 562-567. Galerius Maximian " " r, D., E 2,1,3 26b A-Ç 568. Galerius Maximian * 1 GENIO A-VGVSTI B 1 30a .SM.TS. 569. Galeria Valeria " VENERI V-ICTRICI D. 1 35 ;l! !" HERACLEA :;: .; n'" 570-572. Diocletian GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI r, D. 1,2 12a > HA~E r- ." 573-574. Maximian 1 " " B, r 1, 1 12b 2~ 575-584. Diocletian " A, B, r 2t 1 17a HTA--E D., E 4, 1 585-586. Maximian I B, r 1, 1 17b 587-591. Galerius Maxirnian " " " A, r 4, 1 18b 592-619. Diocletian " Al s, r, 4,3,4, 19a .HTA- E b., E, ç 10,6, 1 620-631. Maximian l " " A, B, r, 3,5,2, 19b b., E i, 1 632-640. Constantius " " A, B, r, 2,1,2, 20a 1':., E 2,2 641-655. Galerius Maximian " " A, B, r, 2,1,7, 20b 1':., E, ç, 1, 1, 2, ill. 1 ... 656-661. Constantius " " A,I':., E 2, l, 3 24a ... HTA-ç "' ":> 662-668. Galerius Maximian r, 1':., E 2,2,3 24b o " "01 669-670. Severus Caesar " " r 2 25 ri 671-673. Maximinus " " A, ç 1,2 26b 0 r-"' e- 674. Constantine " " r 1 31 HTA-I':. '""' 675-676. Maximinus GENIO CA-ESARIS B 2 36 oHTAo-1':. NICOMEDlA 677-678. Diocletian GENIO POPV-Ll ROMANI 2 27a SMN 00 679. Maximian 1 " " " 1 27b <0 CYZICUS '"0 680-68l. Diocletian GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI 2 8a KV 682-686. Constantius GENIO AVGG ET- A, B 2,3 9a KA-B CAESARVM NN 687. Galerius Maximian " " A 1 9b 688-689. Diocletian " GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI r, E 1, 1 10a 690-691. Maximian I " " " r 2 lOb 692-704. Constantius GENIO AVGG ET- A, B, m. 1, 11, 1 !la "!'1 KA-ç ;,: CAESARVMNN .., '"o 705-711. Galerius Maximian " " A, B, t., il!. 4, 1, 1, 1, lib >-r- ." 712-732. Diocletian GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI r, E, ç, il!. 9,2,9, 1 12a KA-ç 733-754. Maximian " " B, r, s. E 1, 1, 10, 10 12b 755. Severus Caesar GENIO AVGG-ET A 1 20a CAESARVM NN 756-760. Constantius GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI B, ç 3,2 21a 761-762. Galerius Maximian t., E 1,1 21b 763. Maximinus " GENIO AVGG ET- r 1 24a CAESARVMNN ~ i64. " " r 1 26a KA-ç A-~ i65. Galerius Maxirnian GENIO A-VGVSTI ill. 1 53 MKV i66. Galeria Valeria VENERI V-ICTRICI !:l 1 58 ANTIQCH *1 A, !:l- Z i6i-i69. Diocletian GENIO POPV-L-I ROMANI !:l, ç, Z l, l, 1 44a ANT ., iiO. Constantius ç 1 45a ,.'"~ " 1 ;, !:l-Z " iil-iÎ3. Diocletian " " !:l, E 2, 1 46a n'" ANT ." 0 Maximian 1 A 1 46b r- rts. t< 1;:.- Z "''" rte-rn. Diocletian " r, E, ç l, l, 1 48a ANT " ii8-i81. Maximian 1 " " E,Z 2,2 48b i82-i83. Constantius " " " E 2 49a i84-i86. Galerius Maximian " ç, Z 2,1 49b * i8i-i95. Diocletian * t.. " A, B, r, 2, 1, 1, 50a ANT -oc I~-I ." 844-869. Diocletian " " A, B, r, 2,3,2, 54a ANT 1:1, E, ç, 7,1,4, Z, H, l, 2,3, i, ill. 1 870-878. Maximian l " " A, E, ç, 1, 1, 4, 54b Z, H, 1 J, J, J 879-899. Constantins " B, r, 6., 4,2,3, 55a E, ç, Z, 2,2,4, H,I 2, 2 900-912. Galerius Maximian " " B, r.«, 1,3, 1, 55b E, Z 2, 6 913. uncertain " " Z 1 ~I 914-925. Diocletian " A, B, r, 2,2,2, 56a ANT* E, ç, Z, 1,3,2 926. Maximian l " " " m. 1 56b '" 927-934. Constantius " " B, !:l, E, ç 3, 3, 1, 1 57a >'" Maximian A, r,l:>., 1, 3, 2, 57b o 935-943. Galerius " " :t'" E, Z 1,2 ë'i ." IA-I 0 944-950. Diocletian " B, r, h.,' 1, 1, 1, 58a l"" ANT. e- E, ç, H, 1 1, 1, 1, 1 '" 951-961. Maximian l " A, B,!:J., . 1, 1, 1, 58b ç, Z, E, 1,4,2, 1 1 IA-I 962-973. Constantius " " A, r,l:>., 1,4,2, i, 59a ANT. E, Z, H, 1 2, 1, 1 A, r, E, 1 2, 1,3, 1 59b 974-980. Galerius Maximian " " " '" 981. Constantius " " E 1 70a '".... 982-984. Galerius Maximian " !l, !lE, 1 1, 1, 1 70b 985-989. Severus " r, E, ç, H 2,1,1,1 71a 990-994. Maximinus " " " B, 1, 1, 1, 71b E,I 1, 1 ~-I 995. Galerius Maximian " !lE 1 74a ANT 996. Maximinus " " A 1 75b _(3) 997-999. Severus Augustus " E, ç 2 ;'i G 1 . M .. IA- 1 !" 1000-1002. a enus axmuan ANT VIRTVS EX-ERCITVS B, E 2, 1 85 ..,i!: 1003. uncertain " " !l 1 '"c > ~I r- 1004. Galeria Valeria VENERI V-ICTRICI A 1 91 ANT. '" 1005-1006. Maximinus " VIRTVS EX-ERCITVS B,H 1, 1 93 I~-I 1007-1010. Galerius Maximian GENIO IMP-ERATORIS r, E 2,2 95 ANT. 1011. Galeria Valeria VENERI V-ICTRICI B 1 98 (3) See below, p. 106. IA-I 1012-1014. Galerius Maximian GENIO IMPERATORIS ç, Z 2, 1 106a ANT 10 0 ~I 1015. Maximinus GENIO CA-E5ARIS r 1 110 ANT 1016-1019. Galerius Maximien " GENIO IMP-ERATORIS B, Z, H 2, l, 1 112a 1021. Maximinus " VIRTVS EX-ERCITVS Z 1 117 ~-I >-l 1022. Constantine GENIO CA-ESARIS 1 118b >-l ANT '" '"~ o ALEXANDRIA n'" ~-r 0'" 1022-1026. Diocletian GENIO POPV-L-I ROMANI A, r 2, 3 14a r- ALE " '" 1027-1029. Maximian l " " " A, B, r l, l, 1 14b 1030. Constantius " " B 1 15a *1 A-B, ~ 1r 1031. Diocletian " B 1 16a ALE ALE " 1032. Maximian l " " r 1 16b 1033. Constantius " A 1 17a 1034-1035. Galerius Maximian " " A 2 17b <0 '" ~=r 1036. Diocletian "' ALE " " B 1 18a '" 1037. Maximian l " " B 1 18b 1038. Constantius " " B 1 21a 1039. Galerius Maximian r 1 21b *1 A-r 1040. Maximian l ALE " " B 1 22b ~-E 1041-1053. Diocletian A, B, r, 3.3,5, 26a ALE ;;; D., E 1, 1 t" 1054-1061. Maximian l " " " A, B, r, E 2,2,3.1 26b :: 1062-1066. Constantius " " B, r 2,3 27a o'" ~ 1067-1070. Galerius Maximian " " " A, r 2, 2 27b e-" ." ~-E 1071-1072. Diocletian ALE " B 9 28a 1073. Maximian l " D. 1 28b XX Il A-E 1074-1089. Diocletian ALE " A, B, r, 2,4,5, 30a D., E 3, 2 1090-1099. Maximian l " A, B, D., E 3,,1,5, 1 30b 1100-1104. Constantius " " r, D. 3, 2 31a 11 05-1116. Galerins Maximian " " " A, B, r, 3,4,1, 31b 1::., E 1,3 IA-E XX 1 1117-1156. Diocletian A, B, r, 12,10,3, 32. ALE " " 1::., E 7,8 1157-1175. Maximian 1 " " " A, B, r, 6,3,4, 32b 1::., E 3,3 1176-1191. Constantius " " " A, B, r, i, 1, 3, 33a ... 1::., ...'" E 7,4 ~ IA-E o XX 1 '"Il: 1192-1207. Galerins Maximian A, B, 8,3,2, 33b ALE " " r. a"." 1::., E 2,1 e- r- /A-E rn SP '" 1208-1218. Diocletian " A, S, 2,4,5 34a ALE " r 1219-1221. Maximian r " " " 1::., E 2,1 34b 1222-1227. Constantius " " A,I::., E 1, 2, 3 35a 1228-1235. Galerins Maxirnian " " B, r,1::. 3,1,4 35b IA-E S,P 1236-1237. Maximian HERCVLI-VICTORI r, E 1, 1 38 -c ALE ...,oc 1238. Diocletian IOVI CO-NS CAES B 1 41 '"00 IA-b. SP 1239. Maximinus CONCORD-IMPERI A 1 52 ALE 1240. Constantius HERCVLI-VICTORI b. 1 53 1241. Galerius Maximian IOVI CO-NS CAES b. 1 54 1242. Severus " b. 1 55 IA-b. 1243. Maximinus GENIO CA-ESARIS r 1 64 ALE ;li 1244. Galerius Maximian GENIO IMP-ERATORIS r 1 65 t" IA-E :;:: PR 1245-1265. Maximinus GENIO CA-ESARIS A, B, r, li 4,3,7,7 71 ... ALE ,.'"o e-.. IA-E PR 1266-1296. Maximian I GENIO IMP-ERATOR1S A, B, r, b. 7, 6, 5, 13 72 ALE 1297. B 1 73 1298-1303. Galeria Valeria VENERI V-ICTRICI B, r, b. 1,3,2 74 1304. Maximinus " VffiTVS E-XERCITVS r 1 77 1 A- ç XK 1305-1355. Maximinus GENIO CA-ESARIS A, B, r, 9,7,20, 78 ALE Ll, E, ç 3,10,2 1356-1414. Galerius Maximian " GENIO IMP-ERATORIS A, B, r, 11, 11, 12, 79 c; E, ç 8,6,11 1415-1427. Diocletian " PROVIDENTIA DEORVM r, 1:1, E, ç 4, 3, 3; 3 80 1428-1444. Galeria Valeria VENERI V-ICTRICI A, B, r, 2,2,6, 81 Ll, E, ç 2,3,2 1445-1446. Galerius Maximian " VIRTVS EX-ERCITVS 8 2 82 1447-1450. Maxrminus " " " A, ç 1, 3 83 el 1 A-ç KP ~ 1451-1477. Maximinus GENIO CA-ESARIS A, B, r, 6,5,7, 99a ALE > '"0: ~J E, ç. 1,4, i, ";;; m. 3 .., 0 1478-1623. A, B, r, 10, 13,25, 100a r- " " " " r- Ll, E, ç, 44, 16, 16, ill. 22 '" 1624-1632. " " " il!. 9 99ajl00a 1633. Constantine " " " A 1 99b IA-ç KP 1634-1730. Galerius Maximan GENIO IMP-ERATORIS A, B, r, 19,8,24, 101a ALE Ô, E, ç, 11,16,16, m. 3 <0 '" 1731-1766. " " " " A. B. r, 9,4,3, 105a/107a 0 -0 Il, E, m. 15, 4, 1 1767-1770. m. 4 10Ia/l05a/107a 1771-1793: Licinius " " " A, B, r, 1, 5, 3, 101b E, ç 2, 12 1794-1804. " " " Il, ç, m. 5,3,3 105b/107b 1805-1820, Diocletian " PROVIDENTIA DEORVM B, Il, E 3, 4, 9 109 1821-1829. Galeria Valeria " VENERI V-ICTRICI r, l:i, E, 3, l, 2, 110 ç;il!. 1, 2 1830. . Galerius Maximian VIRTVS E-XERCITVS E 1 l11a ;El 1831-1832. Maximinus " B, E 1, 1 112 t" 1833-1839. r, E 6, 1 115 :;: >; '"o GREEI{ IMPERIAL f:; 1840. PhilipI,Antioch. Obv. AVTOKMIOVIIlllImnOCCEB Bust of Philip radiate, dr. r. "' Rev. ANTIOXEQNMHTPO KüllQN Bust of city Tyche veiled, turreted, draped r, Above, ram running r. ; below, star. Il E !. and r, in field (cf. BMC Galatia 214.524) SC 1 ILLEGIBLE 1841-1851. 11 .....; . TETRARCHIe FOLLES 101 Notes ta catalogue 1236-1237. Includes 1 sl~ 1 ~I r 1266-1296. Includes 10 ~IR 3 ~b 1298-1303. 1ncludes 1 ~'R 1 EIR 1 rlR 1305-1355. Includes 1 ~IK 1356-1414. Includes 2 ~IK 1428-1444. Includes 1 III ~IK 1 ~IK 1 ~IK 2XIK 3~IK 1445-1446. Bath xl~ 1451-1477. 1ncludes 1 KllIP 1821-1829. lncludes 1 ~Ip The mints are represented as follows : London 2 0.1% Treveri 13 0.7% Lugdunum 6 0.3% Ticinum 73 4.0% Aqui1eia 96 5.2% Rome 186 10.0% . Carthage' 86 4.6% Siscia 70 3.8% Serdica 11 0.6% Thessalonica 26 1.4% 102 w. E. METCALF Heraclea 107 5.80/0 Nicomedia 3 0.2% Cyzicus 87 4.9% Antioch 255 13.9% Alexandria 818 44.4% Illegible 11 0.5% Greek Imperial (Antioch) 1 0.1°,10 1851 That the hoard was complete as Newell had it is indicated by the presence of many uncommon and several extremely rare vari eties, including two previously unknown (see below). Only one piece must be rejected as intrusive: no. 376, a Iollis of Maxentius struck at Rome and dated 310-311 by Sutherland (4). The latest Roman issue is otherwise R~ P SAC MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN (no. 375), struck c. 306. a date much more in keeping with the length of time necessary for a coin minted in the West ta reach Egypt (5). The complete absence of Roman issues of the Third Tetrarchy renders the occurrence of a Maxentian coin very suspi cious. Otherwise, the contents of the hoard are consistent with a burial date of c. 310, as is shawn by the dominance of Alexandrian issues of the immediately preceding period and their fresh condition. (4) RIC VI, p. 346-347. (5) The latest coins from ether Western minis represented in the Cairo hoard and their dates (following RIC VI) are as follows : London, RIC -, 306 307 (sec below) ; Treveri, RIC 594b, c. 303-1 May 305 ; Lugdunum, RIC 199b, 1 May S05-early 307; Ticinum, RIC 74, c. autumn-Deeember 306; Aquileia, RIC 82b, 25 July 3ü6-c. 307; Siscia, RIC 141b, c. 303. A gap of three to five years between the last Western issues and date of deposit is characteristic of Egyplian hoards of the period. In the Theadelphia hoard (K. REGLING, Miinz schalz aus Theadelphia, in ZIN, 29, 1912, p. 112-138), buried c. 314/5, the latest Western issues are as follows : Tlcinum, RIC 100, c. May 308-309/310; Rome, RIC 316, c. 312-313; Ostia, RIC 53, late 309-312; Siscia, RIC 225b, earlier 312. TETRARCHIe FOLLES 103 A-ç KP The terminal issue, ALE1 ,began to be struck c. 308 and continued through the elevation of Constantine to the rank of Augustus, probably in May, 310 ; it is represented by 389 specimens (nos. 1451 1839). In confirmation of this dating the absence of Ostian coinage may be noted ; that mint began to strike c. 309, and its issues might be expected to appear at any later date. The absence of coins of Constantine as Augustus is also suggestive, but in view of the rarity of his earliest issues hardly conclusive for chronology. The hoard is very similar in composition to other Egyptian hoards of the period, in which Alexandrian issues typically comprise 40-500/0 of the whole. Chronologically the hoard falls between those of Luxor (6) and Theadelphia (7), and very near to that of Dendereh (8). The Cairo hoard modifies considerably the picture of Egyptian circulation suggested by the Dendereh deposit. J. G. Milne, noting that 70% of the coins in that hoard and 89% of the bronzes found at Oxyrhynchus were struck at Alexandria, proposed that it took sorne years after Diocletian's monetary reform to {< break down the bar, (whether legal or customary) against the importation of coin into Egypt» (9). But the evidence of the Cairo hoard combines with that of other finds to suggest that the long closed Egyptian monetary system opened quickly to admit coinage from other mints : (6) 100 of 1000 pieces originally in this hoard we.re reported by J. SCHWARTZ, La circulation monétaire dans l'Égypte du 1V siècle, in SM, IX, 1959, p. 40-44. (7) K. Regling, op. cil. (above, n, 5). (8) W. M. Flinders PETRIE, Derulereh 1898 (Memoire of the Egypt Exploration Fund, 17), London, 1900, p. 36-37. Petrle's rather eccentric method of re porting the hoard precludes fixing its date firmly, but il was probably deposited slightly latcr than the Caire hoard. The Dendereh hoard includes 7 Alexandrian . f . AC' h dt" lth KI~-S issues 0 Constantine as ugustus : lhe arro oar ermmates WI ALE the Iirst issue lo include such coins, though none arc actually present in the hoard, (9) J. G. MILNE, The Coins from OxyrhyncllUs, J EA, VIII, 1922, p. 158-163. I take Milne's Groups A and B, which q caver roughly 10 years each D, to caver the tetrarchie perlod. Egypt Luxor (B) Cairo Dendereh Theadelphia Luxor o 1903 (10) 1959 1914 1898 1912 1931 (") .... (ante 305) (c. 308) (c. 310) (c.31O) (c. 314) (c.317) London -- - - 2 0.1% ------1 Treveri 5 0.5% 1 1.0% 13 0.7% 5 2.1% -- 1 0.2% Lugdunum 5 0.5% 1 1.0% 6 0.3% - - .- - 3 0.6% Ticinum 24 2.3% 6 6.0% 73 4.0% - - 1 0.6% 1.2% Arelate ------21 3.8% Rome 88 8.3% 14 14.0% 186 10.0% 5 2.1% 12 7.0% 128 25..1% Ostia ------3 1.7% 4 0.8% Aquileia 30 2.8% - - 96 5.2% 3 1.2% - - - 0.4% Carthage 12 1.2% 8 8.0% 86 4.6% - - -- 1 0.2% Siscia 48 4.6% 1 4.0% 70 3.8% 4 1.5% 4 2.3% 2 0.4% Serdica - - - - 11 0.6% ------Thessalonica -- 4 4.0% 26 1.4% 13 5.4% 9 5.2% -- Heraclea Thracica 35 3.3% 4 4.0% 107 5.8% - - 8 4.6% 1 0.2% Nicomedia - - 2 2.0% 3 0.2% 9 3.6% 14 8.1% 16 3.2% Cyzicus 25 2.4% 9 9.0% 87 4.9% 17 7.0% 24 15.9% 17 3.4% Antioch 220 20.9% 7 7.0% 255 13.9% 15 6.2% 19 11.0% 57 11.3% Alexandria 559 53.0% 40 40.0% 818 44.4% 171 70.6% 78 45.4% 246 48.7% Illegible 3 0.3% - - 11 0.5% ------ 1 Total 1054 100 1851 242 172 505 1 1 1 1 1 TETRARCHIe FOLLES 105 The Dendereh hoard is clearly exceptional. The stability of the Alexandria mint's representation throughout this period attests to its - and Egypt's - immediate and complete integration into the new monetary system. Individually the pièces in the hoard call for little comment, but two previously unrecorded varieties merit special mention. Catalogue no. 2 (pl. r, fig. 1) Obv.: DIVO CONSTANTIO PlO Bust of Constantius cuirassed, r. Rev.: CONSECRATIO _1 Lighted garlanded altar ; eagle standing on either side. The type is new, though its elements are familiar from other post humous coinages (12). This is the only occurrence of the type with legend CONSECRATIO; elsewhere it appears with MEMORIA FELIX (13). This issue may be placed within fairly narrow chronologicallimits. The death of Constantius at York on 25 J uly 306 provides a terminus post quem ; the absence of a mint mark suggests an ante quem of early 307, and this is confirmed by the weight of the coin, 10.26 gr. Aside from the omission of a laurel wreath, the obverse portrait is very similar to those observed on other unmarked folles of the (10) Originally reporled by G. DATTARI, Sur l'époque où furent frappées en Égyple les premières monnaies de la réforme de Dioclétien, in RN, 4th S., VIII, 1904, p. 394-399. I use however the figures as correcled by P. BASTIEN, RN, 6 th S., IX, 1967, p. 166. (11) C. J. I{RAEl\Œn and T. G. MILES, An Early Pourih-centurq Board {rom Egypi, in ANSMN, V, 1952, p. 65-88. (12) The eagle was thought to bear aloft the sou) of the deceased : the practice of releasing an eagle from the burning pyre Is attested as early as Augustus (Dio 56.42.3) and latcr for Sept.imius Severus (Herod. 4.2.11) ; cf. also Artem. Dald. 2.20. The earliest numismatic occurrence of an eagle in connectlon with consecra tion is at the death of Marciana, c. A.D. 113, BMCRE III.125.647-652. The type continues ta be common throughout the second and third centuries. The eagle appears atop an altar al the death of Antoninus, BMCRE IV.393.48, and the lighted altar type was issued in great numbers for Divus Claudius II (RIC, V.l, p. 233, 259ff.). (13) e.g. at Lugdunum, RIC, VI, 268; Treveri, ibid. 789 (fig. 2) ; Rome, ibid. 271. 106 W. E. METCALF period, and there can be no question of the coin's genuineness. The « London 1) Divus Constantius issue is paralleled by only one other pre-reduction commemoration of his death, at Lugdunum (14). That issue, however, has the more usual CONSECRATIO type, eagle with wings spread, and Dhu. legend DIVa CONSTANTIü PLO. The fact that Constantius died in Britain may have prompted immediate but brief issues from the nearest mints. The other apparently unique piece is a (1 transitional» issue of Ticinum: Catalogue no. 93 (pl. I, fig. 3) oi«, IMP C MAXIMIANVS AVG Head of Maximian laureate r. Rev.: SACRA MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR ~; Moneta standing 1. holding scales and cornucopiae. It joins similar issues struck for Diocletian as Augustus and Con stantius as Caesar ta support Sutherland's contention that the p_~~; issue is more than a simple variant of (15). On Su- PTe therland's construction, the issue began shortly before - and was abandoned immediately after - the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian. The mark continued to be used on the earliest issues of the Second Tetrarchy, but issues of the First Tetrarchy bearing it are extremely rare. The hoard also includes three specimens of a variety quoted by Kent but rejected by Sutherland and hence excluded from RIe VI (l6). The Antîochene issue of Severus as Augustus with A~~ :' attested from officinae A and S (no. 999, pl. I, fig. 4) by single spe cimens in a Lebanese hoard (17), is now known from officina E as weIl (nos. 997-998, pl. I, figs. 5, 6). (14) RIC 202. (15) RIC, VI, p. 288 n. 1 and Ne, 6th S., XIV, 1954, p. 68, 72. For the op posmg view, R. A. G. CARSON and J. P. C. KENT, NC,6th S., XVI, 1956, p. 107. (16) J. P. C. KENT, NC, 6th S., XVII, 1957, p. 69 no. 1084, cf. Sutherland in RIC, VI, p. 264 n. 5, 627. (17) P. BASTIEN, RN, 6th S., IX, 1957, p. 188 nos. 75, 77. TETRARCHIC FOLLES 107 Finally, the inclusion of a single Antiochene bronze in a hoard otherwise composed entirely of folles might at first sight excite suspicion. J. G. Milne, in a letter to L. C. West dated 23 May 1943 (18), remarked that later Egyptian hoards frequently include much earlier coins, but to my knowledge his observation has yet to be supported by published evidence. Nonetheless, the bronze of Antioch probably was part of the original hoard. Its state of preservation is consistent with 60 years of circulation; though heavier (at 13.88 gr) than even the heaviest folles, its similarity in module (28 mm.) to pre-reduction folles may have allowed it ta he mistaken for, or simply admitted to circulation as, a Iollis. As the Cairo hoard confirms, Egypt opened quickly ta the importation of normative coinage ; a few Greek Imperials may have accompanied the influx of folles, and circulated alongside them until continued reductions drove aIl coins of large module from circulation. (18) In the Library of the Amerlcan Numismatic Society, New York.