The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine
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RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great
ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S. -
Exiling Bishops: the Policy of Constantius II
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Classical Studies Faculty Publications Classical Studies 2014 Exiling Bishops: The olicP y of Constantius II Walter Stevenson University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/classicalstudies-faculty- publications Part of the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Stevenson, Walt. "Exiling Bishops: The oP licy of Canstantius II." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 68 (2014): 7-27. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classical Studies at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classical Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Exiling Bishops: The Policy of Constantius II Walt Stevenson onstantius II was forced by circumstances to all instances in which Constantius II exiled bishops Cmake innovations in the policy that his father and focus on a sympathetic reading of his strategy.2 Constantine had followed in exiling bishops. While Though the sources for this period are muddled and ancient tradition has made the father into a sagacious require extensive sorting, a panoramic view of exile saint and the son into a fanatical demon, recent schol- incidents reveals a pattern in which Constantius moved arship has tended to stress continuity between the two past his father’s precedents to mold a new, intelligent regimes.1 This article will attempt to gather -
J. N. Adams – P. M. Brennan
J. N. ADAMS – P. M. BRENNAN THE TEXT AT LACTANTIUS, DE MORTIBUS PERSECUTORUM 44.2 AND SOME EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR ITALIAN RECRUITS aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 84 (1990) 183–186 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 183 THE TEXT AT LACTANTIUS, DE MORTIBUS PERSECUTORUM 44.2 AND SOME EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR ITALIAN RECRUITS At Lact. Mort. 44.2 the transmitted text (C = Codex Colbertinus, BN 2627) runs: 'plus uirium Maxentio erat, quod et patris sui exercitum receperat a Seuero et suum proprium de Mauris atque Italis nuper extraxerat'. Modern editors (Brandt-Laubmann, Moreau, Creed) have accepted Heumann's conjecture G(a)etulis for Italis without discussion.1 But is the change necessary? Much depends on the interpretation of extraxerat. Creed translates… '... his own (army), which he had recently brought over from the Mauri and the Gaetuli' (our italics). In his note (p.118) he finds here an allusion to 'the rebellion against Maxentius of L. Domitius Alexander, vicarius of Africa, which probably began in 308 and was probably crushed by the end of 309'. On this view the troops will have been 'brought over' from Africa after the rebellion was put down. Creed's translation is along the same lines as that of Moreau… I, p.126 'il venait de faire revenir la sienne propre du pays des Maures et des Gétules'.2 In their eagerness to find a reference to L. Domitius Alexander, Moreau and Creed have mistranslated extraxerat. Neither editor attempts to explain how a verb basically meaning 'drag out of' could acquire the sense 'bring over, cause to return'. -
Constantine's Constantinople
Ezra’s Archives | 55 Constantine’s Constantinople: A Christian Emperor, A Pagan City Mary Balzer On 11 May, 330 C.E., Emperor Constantine stood at the head of the ceremonial festivities that officially consecrated his new capital in the East.1 Constantinople, as the new city was called, heralded a new era of Constantine’s reign with him ruling as the sole emperor. His last co- emperor, Licinius, was defeated at the battle of Chrysopolis in 324.2 Following this, Constantine selected a site for his new capital and began building what he would later call the “New Rome.”3 Constantine had begun his rule as one of four co-emperors, but by 324 he was the one and only ruler. Although the historians of the time agree on the date of the ceremonies, each author gives a unique description of Constantine’s vision for his new capital. The Christian sources Eusebius, the Easter Chronicle, and Zonaras highlight Constantine’s Christian building program in his new capital. But the archaeological record does not corroborate their emphatically Christian accounts. Zosimus, one of the last pagan historians, has historically been overlooked because of his anti-Christian stance. Concerning Constantinople as his account does not describe any 1 Timothy Barnes, Eusebius and Constantine (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981), 222. 2 Averil Cameron and Stuart G. Hall, “Introduction” in Eusebius: Life of Constantine, translated by Averil Cameron and Stuart G. Hall (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999) 41. 3 Sozomen, History of the Church: From A.D. 324 to A.D. 440, trans. Edward Walford (London: Henry G. -
Constantine: Unconquered Emperor, Christian Victor Free Download
CONSTANTINE: UNCONQUERED EMPEROR, CHRISTIAN VICTOR FREE DOWNLOAD Paul Stephenson | 352 pages | 04 Aug 2011 | Quercus Publishing | 9780857381668 | English | London, United Kingdom Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor A cross appeared to him in the sky with an exhortation, generally translated as 'By this sign conquer'. I was astonished to find myself reading a version of history that clashed with everything I had ever read about this period. Further, while Constantine may have seen a vision prior to the battle at Milvian Bridge inthe legend that he had a vision from the Christian god the night before Christian Victor battle was a later retelling Constantine: Unconquered Emperor what actually happened, as Constantine was reinterpreting his life in light of his faith. My library Help Advanced Book Search. Email to friends Share on Facebook - opens in a new window or tab Share on Twitter - opens in a new window or tab Share on Pinterest - opens in a new window or tab. Sellers declare the item's customs value and must comply with customs declaration laws. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. Stephenson, like other writers, caution that the sins of Constantine: Unconquered Emperor church and empire occurred alongside many humble or devoted and loving people who adhered more to the "love thy neighbor" and spiritual lessons drawn from Jesus' and his apostles' lives and teachings. More filters. Constantine: unconquered emperor, Christian victor. He cautions about the veracity and accuracy of much of the primary sources from the ancient world as they are definitely o This book pointed out to me that history is often written by the Constantine: Unconquered Emperor. -
4 the Council of Sardica Constantius in the East
H.M.Gwatkin [1908] The Arian Controversy Listening Guide - 4 The Council of Sardica 337 [May 22] The death of Constantine - His sons shared the Empire: In the East, Constantius, and in the West Constantine II took Gaul and Britain; the youngest son Constans, Italy and Illyricum. Their cousins Dalmatius and Hannibalianus governed Thrace and Pontus. Constantine’s death was followed by a simple funeral. His Empire was divided up among his sons and two of their cousins. One of the first acts of Constantius was to recall Athanasius from Exile in 337. Marcellus similarly was recalled at this time. Constantius in the East Able man who sustained peace in the east. He was fearful and jealous o men better than himself and so he trusted unworthy favourites. He became treacherous and cold blooded. He enjoyed the ecclestiastical game and was won over to the Eusebian side. He began with a dislike of the Nicene council and, while he was conservative in language for a time, ended up in the Homoean [the Arian party led by Acacius of Caesarea] with its compromise of homoiousian in 359. Arians we’re encouraged to hold assemblies of their own, and they did at Antioch in the winter of 388. There they charged Athanasius, not with heresy, but sedition and intrigue. The apostate prefect Philagrius expelled Athanasius from Alexandria and Gregory of Cappadocia was forcibly installed in his place. 339 [Lent 346 - October] The Second Exile of Athanasius Athanasius fled to Rome, which put him under Constans’ rule [Italy and Illyricum]. Many eastern clerics from the east came there. -
Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ..................................................................................................... -
PDF Printing 600
REVUE BELGE DE NUMISMATIQUE ET DE SIGILLOGRAPHIE PUBLIÉE UITGEGEVEN SOUS LE HAUT PATRONAGE ONDER DE HOGE BESCHERMING DE S. M. LE ROI VAN Z. M. DE KONING PAR LA Doon HET SOCIÉTÉ ROYALE KONINKLIJK BELGISCH DE NUMISMATIQUE DE BELGIQUE GENOOTSCHAP VOOR NUMISIVIATIEK ET SUBSIDIÉE PAR LE EN :MET DE STEUN VAN DE GOUVERNgl\IENT REGEIUNG DIRECTEURS: PAUL NASTER, ÉMILE BROUETTE, JEAN JADûT, TONY HACKENS CXX - 1974. BHUXELLES BRUSSEL WILLIAM E. METCALF THE «CAIRO)} HOARD OF TETRARCHIC FOLLES (Planche 1) In March, 1914, the late E. T. Newell acquired a large hoard of tetrarchie folles from Hassan Abd-el-Salam, a Cairo dealer. Beyond the fact of its purchase at Cairo, nothing is known of the hoard's provenance; but this combines with the dominance of Alexandrian issues to suggest an Egyptian find spot. At an unknown date, Newell listed the contents of the hoard, describing types and legends and including references to Voetter's catalogue of the Gerin collection. About 1932 poorly preserved and duplicate specimens were removed from his trays; until recently, 400 such specimens remained in theîr original box and wrappings. Approxîmately 350 more pieces, aIl later issues of Alexandria, were discarded, sold, or lost ; they cannot now be located. It is possible to reconstruct the hoard fully from Newell's notes, though not in every case to identify pieces which came from it (1). Where his notes cau be checked against current ANS holdings, they are accurate; and despite the loss of many pieces which might have illuminated mint activity at Alexandria, the size and prove nance of the hoard warrant a record of its contents. -
Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University
Boise State University ScholarWorks History Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of History 1-1-2007 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University Publication Information Odahl, Charles Matson. (2007). "Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy". Connections: European Studies Annual Review, 3, 89-113. This document was originally published in Connections: European Studies Annual Review by Rocky Mountain European Scholars Consortium. Copyright restrictions may apply. Coda: Recovering Constantine's European Legacy 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl, Boise State University1 rom his Christian conversion under the influence of cept of imperial theocracy was conveyed in contemporary art Frevelatory experiences outside Rome in A.D. 312 until (Illustration I). his burial as the thirteenth Apostle at Constantinople in Although Constantine had been raised as a tolerant 337, Constantine the Great, pagan polytheist and had the first Christian emperor propagated several Olympian of the Roman world, initiated divinities, particularly Jupiter, the role of and set the model Hercules, Mars, and Sol, as for Christian imperial theoc di vine patrons during the early racy. Through his relationship years of his reign as emperor -
The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense. -
Bibliotheca Sacra
618 Atha11usius and his Times. [Oct. ARTICLE VI. ATHANASIUS THE COPT, AND HIS TIMES.1 BY NORVELLE WALLACE SHARPE, M.D., F.A.C.S., ST. LOUIS, MO. I. THE Athanasian epoch occurred in the htter portion of the third century and the major portion of the fourth. The predomi nating world power was the Roman Empire, vast in extent, polyglot in its constituents, notably J..acking in the virility and co hesive stability of the preceding centuries, - its art, its science, its literature, its politics, its philosophy, and its religion frankly manifesting the evidence of decadence that but foreshadowed its final doom. Speculative philosophy was the fashion of thought in extra-ecclesiastic circles; speculative religion the vogue prac ticed by the intra-ecclesiastic world. The sound and enduring things are seen to have been masked by casuistic embroid eries; the Spirit of the Law has been smothered by the Let ter: - while Reason of the Forum, Logic of the Schools, and simple Faith of the Sanctuary have been supplanted by Co) liquative Verbiage,.- clamorous progenitor of Confusion. With the exception of the far distant civilizations of China, Japan, and India, the Civilized World may be held, at this period, to be synonymous with the Roman Empire. A single instance will suffice as illustration: Britain was invaded by Julius Cresar B.C. 55; Claudius attempted further conquest nearly a century later; under Julius Agricola A.D. 78-84 1915. ] Athanasius and his Times. 619 Rome attained her maximum of control. In the Athanasian epoch (297-373) the English segment of the Teutoni<; peo ples yet resided on the Continent, crude in civilization, and worshipers of divers gods, of which Tiw, \Voden, Thor, Frea, Saetere, and Eastre spring readily to mind. -
Nicholas Baker-Brian & Shaun Tougher
NEW APPROACHES TO BYZANTINE HISTORY AND CULTURE The Sons of Constantine, AD 337–361 In the Shadows of Constantine and Julian Edited by Nicholas Baker-Brian · Shaun Tougher New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture Series Editors Florin Curta University of Florida FL, USA Leonora Neville University of Wisconsin Madison WI, USA Shaun Tougher Cardiff University Cardiff, UK New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture publishes high-quality scholarship on all aspects of Byzantine culture and society from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries, presenting fresh approaches to key aspects of Byzantine civilization and new studies of unexplored topics to a broad academic audience. The series is a venue for both methodologically innovative work and ground-breaking studies on new topics, seeking to engage medievalists beyond the narrow confines of Byzantine studies. The core of the series is original scholarly monographs on various aspects of Byzantine culture or society, with a particular focus on books that foster the interdisciplinarity and methodological sophistication of Byzantine studies. The series editors are interested in works that combine textual and material sources, that make exemplary use of advanced methods for the analysis of those sources, and that bring theoretical practices of other fields, such as gender theory, subaltern studies, religious studies theory, anthropology, etc. to the study of Byzantine culture and society. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14755 Nicholas Baker-Brian • Shaun Tougher Editors The Sons of Constantine, AD 337-361 In the Shadows of Constantine and Julian Editors Nicholas Baker-Brian Shaun Tougher Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff, UK Cardiff, UK New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture ISBN 978-3-030-39897-2 ISBN 978-3-030-39898-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39898-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright.