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Options for a National Culture Symbol of Cameroon: Can the Bamenda Grassfields Traditional Dress Fit?
EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Humanit Cult Stud ISSN: 2663-0958 (Print) & ISSN: 2663-6743 (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-2 | Issue-1| Jan-Feb-2020 | DOI: 10.36349/easjhcs.2020.v02i01.003 Research Article Options for a National Culture Symbol of Cameroon: Can the Bamenda Grassfields Traditional Dress Fit? Venantius Kum NGWOH Ph.D* Department of History Faculty of Arts University of Buea, Cameroon Abstract: The national symbols of Cameroon like flag, anthem, coat of arms and seal do not Article History in any way reveal her cultural background because of the political inclination of these signs. Received: 14.01.2020 In global sporting events and gatherings like World Cup and international conferences Accepted: 28.12.2020 respectively, participants who appear in traditional costume usually easily reveal their Published: 17.02.2020 nationalities. The Ghanaian Kente, Kenyan Kitenge, Nigerian Yoruba outfit, Moroccan Journal homepage: Djellaba or Indian Dhoti serve as national cultural insignia of their respective countries. The https://www.easpublisher.com/easjhcs reason why Cameroon is referred in tourist circles as a cultural mosaic is that she harbours numerous strands of culture including indigenous, Gaullist or Francophone and Anglo- Quick Response Code Saxon or Anglophone. Although aspects of indigenous culture, which have been grouped into four spheres, namely Fang-Beti, Grassfields, Sawa and Sudano-Sahelian, are dotted all over the country in multiple ways, Cameroon cannot still boast of a national culture emblem. The purpose of this article is to define the major components of a Cameroonian national culture and further identify which of them can be used as an acceptable domestic cultural device. -
Pidgin and Creole Languages: Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke
Pidgin and Creole Languages JOHN E. REINECKE 1904–1982 Pidgin and Creole Languages Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke Edited by Glenn G. Gilbert Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require per- mission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824882150 (PDF) 9780824882143 (EPUB) This version created: 17 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. © 1987 University of Hawaii Press All Rights Reserved CONTENTS Preface viii Acknowledgments xii Introduction 1 John E. Reinecke: His Life and Work Charlene J. Sato and Aiko T. Reinecke 3 William Greenfield, A Neglected Pioneer Creolist John E. Reinecke 28 Theoretical Perspectives 39 Some Possible African Creoles: A Pilot Study M. Lionel Bender 41 Pidgin Hawaiian Derek Bickerton and William H. Wilson 65 The Substance of Creole Studies: A Reappraisal Lawrence D. Carrington 83 Verb Fronting in Creole: Transmission or Bioprogram? Chris Corne 102 The Need for a Multidimensional Model Robert B. Le Page 125 Decreolization Paths for Guyanese Singular Pronouns John R. -
AR 08 SIL En (Page 2)
Annual Report Being Available for Language Development > Word of the Director Laying the foundation In 1992 my wife and I visited the Boyo Division for the first time. We researched the effectiveness of the Kom mother tongue education project. I rode around on the motorbike of the literacy coordinator of the language project, and I enjoyed the scenic vistas and the challenge of travelling on mountainous roads, but above all the wonderful hospitality of the people. My time there made it very clear to me that for many children mother ton- gue education is indispensable in order to succeed in life. Many of them could not read after years of schooling in English! I vowed that my own contribution to language development in Cameroon would be to help chil- dren learn to read and write in their own language first. I made myself available so that children would learn better English, would be proud of their own culture and would be able to help build a better Cameroon. 2 Fifteen years later, I am still just as committed to that goal . I am exci- ted to see mother tongue education flourish again in the Kom area. Over the years SIL helped establish the Operational Programme for Administration the Teaching of Languages in Cameroon (PROPELCA) in many lang- in Cameroon in December 2007 uages in Cameroon, hand in hand with organisations like the National Association of Cameroon Language Committees (NACAL- George Shultz, CO) and the Cameroon Association for Bible Translation and Literacy General Director Steve W. Wittig, Director of (CABTAL). It started as an experiment with mother tongue education General Administration but has grown beyond that. -
Lectures on the Science of Language by Max Müller
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lectures on The Science of Language by Max Müller This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Lectures on The Science of Language Author: Max Müller Release Date: June 17, 2010 [Ebook 32856] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LECTURES ON THE SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE*** Lectures on The Science of Language Delivered At The Royal Institution of Great Britain In April, May, and June, 1861. By Max Müller, M. A. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; Correspondence Member of the Imperial Institute of France. From the Second London Edition, Revised. New York: Charles Scribner, 124 Grand Street. 1862 Contents Dedication . .2 Preface. .3 Lecture I. The Science Of Language One Of The Physical Sciences. .4 Lecture II. The Growth Of Language In Contradistinction To The History Of Language. 26 Lecture III. The Empirical Stage. 67 Lecture IV. The Classificatory Stage. 91 Lecture V. Genealogical Classification Of Languages. 136 Lecture VI. Comparative Grammar. 177 Lecture VII. The Constituent Elements Of Language. 208 Lecture VIII. Morphological Classification. 229 Lecture IX. The Theoretical Stage, And The Origin Of Language. 287 Appendix. 329 Index. 335 Footnotes . 387 [v] Dedication Dedicated To The Members Of The University Of Oxford, Both Resident And Non-Resident, To Whom I Am Indebted For Numerous Proofs Of Sympathy And Kindness During The Last Twelve Years, In Grateful Acknowledgment Of Their Generous Support On The 7th Of December, 1860. -
Lectures on the Science of Language Delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in April, May, and June, 1861
Lectures on The Science of Language Delivered At The Royal Institution of Great Britain In April, May, and June, 1861. By Max Müller, M. A. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; Correspondence Member of the Imperial Institute of France. From the Second London Edition, Revised. New York: Charles Scribner, 124 Grand Street. 1862 Contents Dedication . .2 Preface. .3 Lecture I. The Science Of Language One Of The Physical Sciences. .4 Lecture II. The Growth Of Language In Contradistinction To The History Of Language. 26 Lecture III. The Empirical Stage. 67 Lecture IV. The Classificatory Stage. 91 Lecture V. Genealogical Classification Of Languages. 136 Lecture VI. Comparative Grammar. 177 Lecture VII. The Constituent Elements Of Language. 208 Lecture VIII. Morphological Classification. 229 Lecture IX. The Theoretical Stage, And The Origin Of Language. 287 Appendix. 329 Index. 335 Footnotes . 387 [v] Dedication Dedicated To The Members Of The University Of Oxford, Both Resident And Non-Resident, To Whom I Am Indebted For Numerous Proofs Of Sympathy And Kindness During The Last Twelve Years, In Grateful Acknowledgment Of Their Generous Support On The 7th Of December, 1860. [vii] Preface. My Lectures on the Science of Language are here printed as I had prepared them in manuscript for the Royal Institution. When I came to deliver them, a considerable portion of what I had written had to be omitted; and, in now placing them before the public in a more complete form, I have gladly complied with a wish expressed by many of my hearers. As they are, they only form a short abstract of several Courses delivered from time to time in Oxford, and they do not pretend to be more than an introduction to a science far too comprehensive to be treated successfully in so small a compass. -
Language and Identity in Oru Refugee Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria
LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY IN ORU REFUGEE CAMP, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA BY NWAGBO, OSITA GERALD B.A. (LAGOS); M.A. (IBADAN) MATRIC, NO. 108722 A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND AFRICAN LANGUAGES SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA i ABSTRACT Refugees, in Oru camp, who chose integration instead of repatriation, are confronted with socio- cultural challenges which constrain them to adopt the language of their host community. Most of the previous studies on refugees investigated their socio-political and cultural concerns, with inadequate attention to their sociolinguistic challenges. Consequently, this research investigated the manifestation of identities in language use, attitudes, stereotypes and codeswitching/borrowing among Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees in Oru Camp, Ogun State. This is with a view to evaluating the identity preferred by the refugees. This study adopted the ethnolinguistic identity theory and the mentalist theory of language attitudes. A questionnaire was administered to 240 respondents, comprising 15 teenagers (13- 19yrs), 15 young adults (20-39yrs) and 10 full adults (40-60yrs), purposively drawn from each of the six ethnic groups investigated: Krahn, Bassa, Kpelle (Liberia); Mende, Temne, Limba (Sierra Leone). Thirty-six respondents comprising two teenagers, two young adults and six full adults, drawn from each ethnic group were subjected to unstructured interviews. Through participant observation, the respondents‟ spontaneous interactions were recorded on audio-tape and field notes. Qualitative data were subjected to ethnolinguistic analysis; quantitative data were analysed using percentages and Chi-square. Borrowings were social (terms for prostitutes, hard drugs and police) and cultural (terms for foods, trado-medicine and monarchy) as the observed respondents borrowed lexemes from Yoruba and their indigenous languages. -
West African Linguistics: Papers in Honor of Russell G. Schuh
Studies in African Linguistics Supplement 11 West African Linguistics: Papers in Honor ofRussell G. Schuh edited by Paul Newman Lany M. Hyman Indiana University University of California, Berkeley Published by The Department of Linguistics and the Center for African Studies Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 2006 © Paul Newman and Larry M. Hyman 2006 Copyright on the individual chapters is retained by their authors. These individual articles are subject to a general academic public license which holds that as of January 1, 2009, the chapters may freely be used for scholarly or educational purposes with the proviso that full attribution is given to the authors as authors and to this SAL supplement volume in which the articles first appeared. Photo of Russell Schuh courtesy of Roxana Ma Newman CONTENTS Preface Vll 1. Roxana Ma Newman Russell G. Schuh: A Biographical Profile and Bibliography 1 2. Abdullahi Bature TamaRin Jerin Gwanon Amo ga Cunkoson BaRaRen Marabar Ga5ar Hausa ("Sonority Hierarchy Constraint on Hausa Abutting Consonants") 17 3. Norbert Cyffer Kanuri and its Neighbours: When Saharan and Chadic Languages Meet 33 4. Christopher Ehret The Nilo-Saharan Background of Chadic 56 5. Alhaji Maina Gimba Jinsi a Bolanci ("Gender in Bole") 67 6. Larry M Hyman and Imelda Udoh Relic Noun-Class Structure in Leggbo 75 7. Philip J. Jaggar The Hausa Perfective Tense-Aspect Used in Wh-/Focus Constructions and Historical Narratives: A Unified Account 100 8. Herrmann Jungraithmayr Apophony in the Verbal System of Gadang 134 iii 9. William R. Leben and Firmin Ahoua Phonological Reflexes of Emphasis in Kwa Languages of Cote d'Ivoire 145 10. -
Wushi (Babessi): the Verb Phrase
Wushi (Babessi): The Verb Phrase Rachel Robinson March, 2021 Presented as part of the requirement of the MA in Field Linguistics, Redcliffe College. Declaration This dissertation is the product of my own work. I declare also that the dissertation is available for photocopying, reference purposes and Inter-Library Loan. Rachel Robinson 2 Abstract Wushi (Babessi): The Verb Phrase Rachel Robinson, March 2021 Wushi is a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in the village of Babessi in NorthWest Cameroon. It is a relatively undocumented language and its orthography is still in the process of being developed. This is the first linguistics paper that has been written on the verb phrase in the language. The aim of this study is to contribute to development of the language. The verb in Wushi can be considered as the basic word class in the language. It consists of the verb root and optional affixes. Verb morphology functions primarily to provide grammatical information relating to aspect and changing valency. The verb phrase consists of the verb and its modifiers, which include markers of tense, aspect, modality, mood and negation. These grammatical markers are highly interdependent with significant tonal complexities. Special verb constructions (notably, copula constructions and serial verb construc- tions) are also examined in this study. Serial verb constructions convey information about the ‘cognitive packaging’ of an event. Asymmetrical serial verb constructions may also convey grammatical information, such as the comparative construction. Analysis of both lexical tone and grammatical tone in the verb phrase highlights the richness and complexity of tonal processes in the language. This research on tone should provide a contribution to developing a tone orthography for the language. -
The Nun Languages of the Grassfields of Cameroun
THE NUN LANGUAGES OF THE GRASSFIELDS OF CAMEROUN Roger Blench & Cameron Hamm DRAFT ONLY: VARIOUS SECTIONS NOT WRITTEN NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PERMISSION Roger Blench Cameron Hamm Kay Williamson Educational Foundation SIL 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Ans 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Sources ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Membership of the Nun group................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Nun as a genetic group............................................................................................................................ 3 3.2 Ndzerem .................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.3 Mankong (Bamukumbit)......................................................................................................................... 5 3.4 Other proposals ....................................................................................................................................... 5 3.5 Revised classification............................................................................................................................. -
The Bantoid Languages
THE BANTOID LANGUAGES Roger Blench DRAFT ONLY NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PERMISSION Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm The Bantoid languages: a monograph Draft not for circulation. Front matter TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1 2. THEORIES AND METHODS................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Lexicostatistics and other mathematical methods ..............................................................................................1 2.2 Shared innovations ................................................................................................................................................2 2.3 Historical reconstruction.......................................................................................................................................3 3. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................... 3 4. [EAST] BENUE-CONGO........................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................8 -
A Grammar of Moloko
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Repository of the Freie Universität Berlin A grammar of Moloko Dianne Friesen with Mana Djeme Isaac, Ali Gaston, and Mana Samuel language African Language Grammars science press and Dictionaries 3 African Language Grammars and Dictionaries Chief Editor: Adams Bodomo Editors: Ken Hiraiwa, Firmin Ahoua In this series: 1. Schrock, Terrill B. The Ik language: Dictionary and grammar sketch. 2. Brindle, Jonathan. A dictionary and grammatical outline of Chakali. 3. Friesen, Dianne. A grammar of Moloko. A grammar of Moloko Dianne Friesen with Mana Djeme Isaac, Ali Gaston, and Mana Samuel language science press Dianne Friesen with Mana Djeme Isaac, Ali Gaston, and Mana Samuel. 2017. A grammar of Moloko (African Language Grammars and Dictionaries 3). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/118 © 2017, Dianne Friesen with Mana Djeme Isaac, Ali Gaston, and Mana Samuel Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN: 978-3-946234-63-0 (Digital) 978-3-946234-62-3 (Hardcover) 978-3-96110-010-1 (Softcover) DOI:10.5281/zenodo.824016 Cover and concept of design: Ulrike Harbort Typesetting: Barb Penner, Felix Kopecky Proofreading: Amr Zawawy, Andreas Hölzl, Aviva Shimelman, Bev Erasmus, Brett Reynolds, Christian Döhler, Cormac Anderson, Daniel Riaño, Eitan Grossman, Elizabeth Bogal-Allbritten, Ezekiel Bolaji, Gerald -
Source Book for Linguistics
Source Book for Linguistics Source Book for Linguistics William Cowan Jaromira Rakušan Carleton University, Ottawa John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cowan, William. Source book for linguistics / William Cowan, Jaromira Rakušan. -- 3rd rev. ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Linguistics--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Linguistics--Problems, exercises, etc. I. Rakušan, Jaromira. II. Title. P121.C62 1998 410--dc21 98-41604 isbn 978 90 272 2162 9 (eur) / isbn 978 1 55619 516 7 (us) (Pb; alk. paper) © 1998 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company • P.O. Box 36224 • 1020 me Amsterdam • The Nether- lands John Benjamins North America • P.O. Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA Table of Contents Introduction vii Phonetic Symbols xii 1. Phonetic Illustrations 1 Consonants 1 Vowels 11 Tests 18 2. Structural Phonology 21 English Vowels 42 3. Phonemic Alternations 45 4. Morphology 63 5. Structural and Functional Syntax 84 6. Semantics 123 7. Sound Change 144 8. Grammatical and Lexical Change 163 9. Historical Reconstruction 181 Solutions to the Exercises 197 Bibliography 245 Language Index 251 vi Introduction This is a revised and expanded version of the first edition of Source Book for Linguistics, published by John Benjamins in 1985.