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Bulletin Carnegie 38 FRANIA Taxonomy and Evolution of Species of the Genus Euchroa Brullé (Subgenus Dyschromus Chaudoir) of Central Mexico and the Island of Hispaniola (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini: Euchroina) Authors: Frania, Henry E., and Ball, George E. Source: Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 2007(38) : 1- 125 Published By: Carnegie Museum of Natural History URL: https://doi.org/10.2992/0145-9058(2007)38[1:TAEOSO]2.0.CO;2 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Bulletin-of-Carnegie-Museum-of-Natural-History on 29 Jun 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Carnegie Museum of Natural History ISSN: 0415-9058 TAXONOMY AND EVOLUTION OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUCHROA BRULLÉ (SUBGENUS DYSCHROMUS CHAUDOIR) OF CENTRAL MEXICO AND THE ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: PTEROSTICHINI: EUCHROINA) HENRY E. FRANIA and GEORGE E. BALL NUMBER 38 PITTSBURGH, 2007 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Bulletin-of-Carnegie-Museum-of-Natural-History on 29 Jun 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Carnegie Museum of Natural History ABSTRACT Provided are a key to, and descriptions of, adults of 35 species of Dyschromus Chaudoir, which is treated as a subgenus of Euchroa Brullé. Twenty-eight species are from central Mexico; seven are from the island of Hispaniola. Twenty-five species are new (type- localities in parentheses): Euchroa independencia n. sp. (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Independencia, 5.5 km. n.n.w. Angel Feliz), Euchroa pedernales n. sp. (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales, 1 km. s. Los Arroyos), Euchroa huautla n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, Rio Santiago, 11.7 km. e. Huautla de Jiminez), Euchroa cuiyachapa n. sp. (MEXICO, Veracruz, between Cuiyachapa and Ixtapa), Euchroa zongolica n. sp. (MEXICO, Veracruz, 5 km. s.w. San Andres de Tenejapa), Euchroa lasvigas n. sp. (MEXICO, Veracruz, 15.7 km. e. Las Vigas), Euchroa teotitlan n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 24.5 km. e. Teotitlan Puerto de Soledad), Euchroa cit- laltepetl n. sp. (MEXICO, Veracruz, Volcan Citlaltepetl, east slope), Euchroa perote n. sp. (MEXICO, Veracruz, 16 km. s. Las Vigas), Euchroa harrisoni n. sp. (MEXICO, Tamaulipas, 12.8 km. n.w. Gomez Farias), Euchroa soladevega n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 14.9 km. n. Sola de Vega), Euchroa juchatengo n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 32 km. s. Juchatengo), Euchroa nizavaguiti n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, n.w. of Santa Maria Nizavaguiti), Euchroa jalisco n. sp. (MEXICO, Jalisco, ca. 19.8 km. s. Tecalitlan), Euchroa tenancin- go n. sp. (MEXICO, Mexico, Rio de Molino, near Valle de Bravo), Euchroa ixtapa n. sp. (MEXICO, Guerrero, crest of Sierra Madre del Sur, n.e. of Ixtapa), Euchroa atoyac n. sp. (MEXICO, Guerrero, 66.4 km. n.e. Atoyac de Alvarez), Euchroa puertogallo n. sp. (MEXICO, Guerrero, 32 km. n.w. Filo de Caballo), Euchroa filodecaballo n. sp. (MEXICO, Guerrero, 39.4 km. n.w. Filo de Caballo), Euchroa yucuyacua n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, Cerro Yucuyacua, summit e. of Nundaco), Euchroa santacatarina n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 35.5 km. s. Juchatengo), Euchroa zempoaltepetl n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 10.5 km. s. San Pedro y San Pablo Ayutla), Euchroa carbonera n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 7.9 km. n.w. La Carbonera), Euchroa miahuatlan n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 27.2 km. s. Miahuatlan), and Euchroa suchixtepec n. sp. (MEXICO, Oaxaca, 41.8 km. s. Suchixtepec). Larvae are also described of E. perote, E. harrisoni, E. soladevega, Euchroa dimidiata Chaudoir, E. atoyac, and E. filodecaballo. Species of the subgenus Dyschromus live on the ground under cover in montane forests of tropical to temperate aspect, at elevations of 900 to 3400 meters. Adults are flightless, and potentially long-lived. Adults of most species are metallic colored dorsally. All seven species from the island of Hispaniola are placed in the opaca group, and all 28 species from Mexico are placed in the nitidipennis group. The opaca group is divided into the opaca and cupripennis subgroups, but support for monophyly of the opaca subgroup is inconclusive.fThe nitidipennis group is divided into the nitidipennis, soladevega, and dimidiata subgroups. The nitidipen- nis subgroup contains all species of the subgenus Dyschromus in the mountains of eastern Mexico, north of the Rio Santo Domingo; the dimidiata subgroup comprises most of the other species in Mexico, except for three species from western Oaxaca that make up the soladevega subgroup. Body color and the condition of the elytral striae and microsculpture of adults, and some traits of the larvae, as well as certain ecological and distributional correlates, provide evidence that each of the three subgroups is monophyletic, but struc- ture of the distal part of the median lobe of the aedeagus indicates that four or five members of the dimidiata subgroup from Oaxaca, including the only species from eastern Oaxaca, as a group, actually belong to the nitidipennis subgroup, as does one of the three species in the soladevega subgroup, while the other two species in the soladevega subgroup really belong to the dimidiata subgroup. Just one species in Mexico is comparatively widespread, E. dimidiata, which inhabits dry oak woodlands that fringe the Rio Balsas Basin and Valley of Oaxaca. The other species are concentrated in two regions of Mexico: the mountains of eastern Mexico, north of the Rio Santo Domingo with 11 species; and the Sierra Madre del Sur and adjoining uplands in western Oaxaca and Guerrero with another 13 species. Most species are known only from a single mountain range. Some mountains have as many as five species, but sympatry is rare; instead most species are found at different elevations and/or in different types of forest. Outside of the above two areas, we have, besides E. dimidiata, one species each from the western and central parts of the Trans-Volcanic Sierra, and one from Cerro Zempoaltepetl in eastern Oaxaca. No species of the subgenus Dyschromus are known from the Sierra Madre Occidental or south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. All data indicates a long period of isolation and diversification of the nitidipennis subgroup in the humid forests of the mountains of eastern Mexico, north of the Rio Santo Domingo. Much of the diversification of the subgenus elsewhere in Mexico has been in drier forest formations, although some speciation in the dimidiata subgroup has taken place in the humid forests of the Sierra de Atoyac in Guerrero, and the Sierra de Miahuatlan in Oaxaca. Each of the principal mountain regions of Hispaniola has at least one, and at most two species of Dyschromus. Only certain of the more derived species of the cupripennis subgroup inhabit the northern part of the island. The subgenus Dyschromus as a whole exhibits a relictual distribution and is an old (early Tertiary) South American component of the fauna of Mexico. Most of the humid forest elements of the subgenus in Mexico are relicts dating from the Miocene epoch. The most widespread lineages of Dyschromus, both in Mexico and on Hispaniola, are phyletically derived, and have a metallic green head and pronotum and brassy to coppery-colored elytra; and at least those in Mexico inhabit comparatively dry oak, or oak-pine forests. Whether there is an advantage for species of Dyschromus living in such conditions to have these colors is unknown. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Bulletin-of-Carnegie-Museum-of-Natural-History on 29 Jun 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Carnegie Museum of Natural History 2BULLETIN OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM NO. 38 INTRODUCTION Why are they all brachypterous? Are these beetles really restricted to central Mexico and the island of Hispaniola? In the first publication (1835) of the Baron Maximilien de How are Euchroa and Dyschromus related to one another? Chaudoir, the first taxon described was the genus To try and answer these questions, we resolved to Dyschromus (Frontispiece and Fig. 1), erected to accom- revise the group. Experience had shown us that individu- modate D. opacus, a new species of flightless pterosti- als of Dyschromus are usually difficult to find, so much so chine ground beetle, supposedly from the vicinity of Java, that collecting these beetles at a new site (or even at a but really from Haiti. Chaudoir chose those names pre- known locality) was a cause for celebration, and so it was sumably because the adult of this species is dull black in that only in 1997 did we examine some specimens bor- color (Fig. 2a). Over the next 100 years, nine more species rowed that year from the Laboratorio de Parasitologica were added to the genus (either directly or moved from the Vegetal, Universidad Autonoma del Estados de Morelos, genus Euchroa Brullé), all of them brachypterous, but only that enabled us to identify the female specimen that we had one as nondescript in color as D. opacus. At one extreme, collected in 1965 at Cuernavaca. Most other insights about four species were described with a bright metallic green Dyschromus (treated here as a subgenus of Euchroa) also head and pronotum, and coppery or brassy colored elytra came painfully slowly, and in our search for characters to (as in Frontispiece and Figs.
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