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Mycologia Obscura: Hidden and Layered Realms of Fungal Diversity SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Dissertations and Theses Summer 8-20-2020 Mycologia Obscura: Hidden and Layered Realms of Fungal Diversity Patricia Kaishian SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Philosophy of Science Commons Recommended Citation Kaishian, Patricia, "Mycologia Obscura: Hidden and Layered Realms of Fungal Diversity" (2020). Dissertations and Theses. 198. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds/198 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. MYCOLOGIA OBSCURA: HIDDEN AND LAYERED REALMS OF FUNGAL DIVERSITY A dissertation presented by PATRICIA J KAISHIAN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, New York August, 2020 Department of Environmental and Forest Biology i © 2020 Copyright P.J. Kaishian All rights reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My PhD journey has been one of tremendous growth and transformation and I am thankful for everyone who helped me, pushed me, challenged me, and comforted me along the way. My transformation into a scientist was primarily shepherded by my advisor, Dr. Alex Weir. Alex cherishes naturalism, the wild and obscure, and can recognize beauty in what others may overlook—all values that I think are both rare and important in today‘s world. I am grateful that he saw my potential and stoked my curiosities. I am grateful for his continual understanding and patience during my education. Thank you, Alex. My other committee members, Dr. Melissa Fierke and Dr. Tom Horton, are sources of great inspiration during this journey. Melissa has been a role model as a woman in science. Her dynamicism, expertise, kindness, and rigor were essential to my success in my program. Tom‘s lab was my second academic home, and a place of impressive research and important camaraderie. Thank you, Melissa and Tom. Thank you to Dr. Robin Kimmerer, who began inspiring me an entire decade ago with her writing in Orion Magazine. Robin‘s ability to live in multiple frameworks has given me courage in my journey of decolonizing my worldviews. Thank you, Robin. Thank you to Dr. Lauren Goldmann for her expertise and insights on Laboulbeniales and academia, and early guidance given to me as a new graduate student and now again in the final stages. And thank you to all of my professors at ESF, all of whom I found to be so very impressive. In my personal life, I have benefitted from a powerful support network, comprised mostly of my very large family and a few dear friends. My parents, Regina and Jim Kaishian, have been some of my most devoted advocates and I could not have done this without them. My siblings Maryanne, Masoud, Jackie, Jim, Emma, and JJ were always there to provide much needed humor, perspective, and motivation. My dear friends Claudia Victoroff, Sam Cott, Michael Czajkowski, Samrawit Genet, Akemi Inamoto, Hasmik Djoulakian, Liv Monko (and many others!) have supported and championed my academic journey, while reminding me that life is also about love, friendship, and community. I would like to thank Fortune Ogochukwu Ononiwu for his love, humor, comfort, wisdom, and devotion. Fortune, I learn from you every day. These human beings are all so dear to me, but this little acknowledgement does not do my appreciation justice. Thank you all from the bottom of my heart! Lastly, but of course not least, I would like to thank my fungal kin. I thank them for their wild ways of knowing, for their endless giving, for their lessons in reciprocity, and for their companionship in both moments of joy and hardship. At times when I wanted to give up, I thought about them, their quiet and unassuming power, and I felt restored. iii Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 HISTORY OF LABOULBENIALES RESEARCH .......................................................................2 MORPHOLOGY OF LABOULBENIALES .................................................................................5 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS .................................................................................................. 11 SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITOLOGY ........................................................................................ 14 PARASITIC MECHANISMS OF LABOULBENIALES ............................................................ 18 HOST SPECIFICITY ................................................................................................................. 20 BIODIVERSITY OF INSECTS AND FUNGI............................................................................. 22 RESEARCH METHODS ............................................................................................................ 26 MOLECULAR STUDIES ........................................................................................................... 31 NATURAL HISTORY COLLECTIONS .................................................................................... 32 DISSERTATION OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................ 33 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................... 44 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 44 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 45 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................. 46 TAXONOMY .............................................................................................................................. 47 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................. 58 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................... 64 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 64 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 65 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................. 66 TAXONOMY .............................................................................................................................. 67 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................. 75 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................... 79 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................... 81 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 81 iv INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 82 METHODS ................................................................................................................................. 84 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................... 87 TAXONOMY .............................................................................................................................. 91 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................. 99 CHAPTER 3 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................... 105 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................. 113 CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................................. 116 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 116 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................
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