Contributions to the Neoproterozoic Geobiology
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ediacaran) of Earth – Nature’S Experiments
The Early Animals (Ediacaran) of Earth – Nature’s Experiments Donald Baumgartner Medical Entomologist, Biologist, and Fossil Enthusiast Presentation before Chicago Rocks and Mineral Society May 10, 2014 Illinois Famous for Pennsylvanian Fossils 3 In the Beginning: The Big Bang . Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago Fossil Record Order 95% of higher taxa: Random plant divisions domains & kingdoms Cambrian Atdabanian Fauna Vendian Tommotian Fauna Ediacaran Fauna protists Proterozoic algae McConnell (Baptist)College Pre C - Fossil Order Archaean bacteria Source: Truett Kurt Wise The First Cells . 3.8 billion years ago, oxygen levels in atmosphere and seas were low • Early prokaryotic cells probably were anaerobic • Stromatolites . Divergence separated bacteria from ancestors of archaeans and eukaryotes Stromatolites Dominated the Earth Stromatolites of cyanobacteria ruled the Earth from 3.8 b.y. to 600 m. [2.5 b.y.]. Believed that Earth glaciations are correlated with great demise of stromatolites world-wide. 8 The Oxygen Atmosphere . Cyanobacteria evolved an oxygen-releasing, noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis • Changed Earth’s atmosphere . Increased oxygen favored aerobic respiration Early Multi-Cellular Life Was Born Eosphaera & Kakabekia at 2 b.y in Canada Gunflint Chert 11 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Life (1) Alga Eukaryote Grypania of MI at 1.85 b.y. MI fossil outcrop 12 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Life (2) Beads Horodyskia of MT and Aust. at 1.5 b.y. thought to be algae 13 Source: Fedonkin et al. 2007 Rise of Animals Tappania Fungus at 1.5 b.y Described now from China, Russia, Canada, India, & Australia 14 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Animals (3) Worm-like Parmia of N.E. -
Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY
MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A COMPENDIUM OF FOSSIL MARINE FAMILIES J. JOHN SEPKOSKI, JR. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago REVIEWERS FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Robert Gernant, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee David M. Raup, Field Museum of Natural History Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum Peter M. Sheehan, Milwaukee Public Museum ISBN 0-893260-081-9 Milwaukee Public Museum Press Published by the Order of the Board of Trustees CONTENTS Abstract ---- ---------- -- - ----------------------- 2 Introduction -- --- -- ------ - - - ------- - ----------- - - - 2 Compendium ----------------------------- -- ------ 6 Protozoa ----- - ------- - - - -- -- - -------- - ------ - 6 Porifera------------- --- ---------------------- 9 Archaeocyatha -- - ------ - ------ - - -- ---------- - - - - 14 Coelenterata -- - -- --- -- - - -- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- 17 Platyhelminthes - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- --- - - - - - - 24 Rhynchocoela - ---- - - - - ---- --- ---- - - ----------- - 24 Priapulida ------ ---- - - - - -- - - -- - ------ - -- ------ 24 Nematoda - -- - --- --- -- - -- --- - -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 24 Mollusca ------------- --- --------------- ------ 24 Sipunculida ---------- --- ------------ ---- -- --- - 46 Echiurida ------ - --- - - - - - --- --- - -- --- - -- - - --- -
Mcmenamin FM
The Garden of Ediacara • Frontispiece: The Nama Group, Aus, Namibia, August 9, 1993. From left to right, A. Seilacher, E. Seilacher, P. Seilacher, M. McMenamin, H. Luginsland, and F. Pflüger. Photograph by C. K. Brain. The Garden of Ediacara • Discovering the First Complex Life Mark A. S. McMenamin C Columbia University Press New York C Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 1998 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McMenamin, Mark A. The garden of Ediacara : discovering the first complex life / Mark A. S. McMenamin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-231-10558-4 (cloth) — ISBN 0–231–10559–2 (pbk.) 1. Paleontology—Precambrian. 2. Fossils. I. Title. QE724.M364 1998 560'.171—dc21 97-38073 Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Gene Foley Desert Rat par excellence and to the memory of Professor Gonzalo Vidal This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword • ix Preface • xiii Acknowledgments • xv 1. Mystery Fossil 1 2. The Sand Menagerie 11 3. Vermiforma 47 4. The Nama Group 61 5. Back to the Garden 121 6. Cloudina 157 7. Ophrydium 167 8. Reunite Rodinia! 173 9. The Mexican Find: Sonora 1995 189 10. The Lost World 213 11. A Family Tree 225 12. Awareness of Ediacara 239 13. Revenge of the Mole Rats 255 Epilogue: Parallel Evolution • 279 Appendix • 283 Index • 285 This page intentionally left blank Foreword Dorion Sagan Virtually as soon as earth’s crust cools enough to be hospitable to life, we find evidence of life on its surface. -
Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
This article was downloaded by:[University Of Oregon] On: 3 September 2007 Access Details: [subscription number 770397526] Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t770322720 Growth, decay and burial compaction of Dickinsonia, an iconic Ediacaran fossil Online Publication Date: 01 September 2007 To cite this Article: Retallack, Gregory J. (2007) 'Growth, decay and burial compaction of Dickinsonia, an iconic Ediacaran fossil', Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 31:3, 215 - 240 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/03115510701484705 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510701484705 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index Acraman impact ejecta layer 53–4, 117, 123, 126–9, Aspidella 130–2, 425–7 controversy 300, 301–3, 305 acritarchs ecology 303 Amadeus and Officer Basins 119 synonyms 302 biostratigraphy 115–25, 130–2 Australia Australian correlations 130–2 Acraman impact ejecta layer 53–4, 117, 123, 126–9, composite zonation scheme 119, 131, 132 130–2, 425–7 India 318–20 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 126–9 Ireland 289 correlations of Ediacaran System and Period 18, Spain 232 115–35 sphaeromorphid 324 Marinoan glaciation 53–4, 126 Adelaide, Hallett Cove 68 Australia, Ediacaran System and Period Adelaide Rift Complex 115–22, 425 Bunyeroo–Wonoka Formation transition correlations with Officer Basin 127 137–9, 426 dating (Sr–Rb) 140 Centralian Superbasin 118, 125 generalized time–space diagram, correlations composite zonation scheme 131 between tectonic units 120 correlation methods and results 125–32 location maps 116, 118 time–space diagram 120 SE sector cumulative strata thickness 139 Vendian climatic indicators 17 stratigraphic correlation with Officer Basin 127 See also Adelaide Rift Complex; Flinders Ranges Stuart Shelf drill holes, correlations 117 Avalonian assemblages, Newfoundland 237–57, Sturtian (Umberatana) Group 116, 138 303–7, 427 Umberatana Group 116, 138 Africa backarc spreading, Altenfeld Formation 44–5, 47–8 Vendian climatic indicators 17 Baliana–Krol Group, NW Himalaya 319 see also Namibia Barut Formation, Iran 434 Aldanellidae 418 Bayesian analysis algal metaphyta, White Sea Region 271–4 eumetazoans 357–9 algal microfossils, White -
Traces of Locomotion of Ediacaran Macroorganisms
geosciences Article Traces of Locomotion of Ediacaran Macroorganisms Andrey Ivantsov 1,* , Aleksey Nagovitsyn 2 and Maria Zakrevskaya 1 1 Laboratory of the Precambrian Organisms, Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; [email protected] 2 Arkhangelsk Regional Lore Museum, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 August 2019; Accepted: 4 September 2019; Published: 11 September 2019 Abstract: We describe traces of macroorganisms in association with the body imprints of trace-producers from Ediacaran (Vendian) deposits of the southeastern White Sea region. They are interpreted as traces of locomotion and are not directly related to a food gathering. The complex remains belong to three species: Kimberella quadrata, Dickinsonia cf. menneri, and Tribrachidium heraldicum. They were found in three different burials. The traces have the form of narrow ridges or wide bands (grooves and linear depressions on natural imprints). In elongated Kimberella and Dickinsonia, the traces are stretched parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body and extend from its posterior end. In the case of the isometric Tribrachidium, the trace is directed away from the margin of the shield. A short length of the traces indicates that they were left by the organisms that were covered with the sediment just before their death. The traces overlaid the microbial mat with no clear signs of deformation under or around the traces. A trace substance, apparently, differed from the material of the bearing layers (i.e., a fine-grained sandstone or siltstone) and was not preserved on the imprints. This suggests that the traces were made with organic material, probably mucus, which was secreted by animals in a stressful situation. -
(2014). Haootia Quadriformis N. Gen., N. Sp., Interpreted As a Muscular Cnidarian Impression from the Late Ediacaran Period (Approx
Liu, A. G. S., Matthews, J., Menon, L. R., McIlroy, D., & Brasier, M. D. (2014). Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late Ediacaran period (approx. 560 Ma). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1793), [20141202]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1202 Peer reviewed version License (if available): Unspecified Link to published version (if available): 10.1098/rspb.2014.1202 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ 1 Title: Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a 2 muscular cnidarian impression from the late Ediacaran Period 3 (~560 Ma) 4 Authors: Alexander G. Liu1, *, Jack J. Matthews2, Latha R. Menon2, Duncan McIlroy3 and 5 Martin D. Brasier2, 3 6 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 7 3EQ, U.K. 8 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, 9 U.K. 10 3Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip 11 Drive, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada 12 *Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] 13 14 Key words: Ediacaran, metazoan, Newfoundland, Cnidaria, muscle 15 16 Abstract 17 Muscle tissue is a fundamentally eumetazoan attribute. The oldest evidence for fossilized 18 muscular tissue before the early Cambrian has hitherto remained moot, being reliant upon 19 indirect evidence in the form of late Ediacaran ichnofossils. -
Cephalonega, a New Generic Name, and the System of Vendian Proarticulata A
ISSN 0031-0301, Paleontological Journal, 2019, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 447–454. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2019. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2019, No. 5, pp. 14–21. Cephalonega, A New Generic Name, and the System of Vendian Proarticulata A. Yu. Ivantsova, *, M. A. Fedonkina, A. L. Nagovitsynb, and M. A. Zakrevskayaa aBorissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647 Russia bArkhangelsk Office, Russian Geographical Society, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, 163001 Russia *e-mail:[email protected] Received December 29, 2017; revised November 9, 2018; accepted February 14, 2019 Abstract—Due to homonymy, a new name Cephalonega Fedonkin, nom. nov. was proposed for the genus of Vendian macroorganisms, Onega Fedonkin. The improved diagnosis of this genus and evidence that this genus belongs to Proarticulata, an extinct phylum of Metazoa, are given. A detailed characterization of the phylum and all Proarticulata classes is given for the first time. Keywords: Late Vendian, Ediacaran, Proarticulata, Vendiamorpha, Dipleurozoa, Cephalozoa, Onega, Ceph- alonega DOI: 10.1134/S0031030119050046 INTRODUCTION the genus and the description of the species were mod- In 1972 the first large locality of Ediacaran-type ified. In order to substantiate the systematical position fossils in the Upper Vendian natural outcrops in the of the taxon the refined characteristics of Proarticulata north-west of the East European Platform was discov- and subordinated high-rank taxa were formulated. ered on the Onega Peninsula along the banks of the Syuzma River (Keller et al., 1974). At the early stages DISCUSSION of studying the Syuzma locality, several impressions of a small organism were found and this organism was The phylum Proarticulata was distinguished in the described as the monotypical genus Onega Fedonkin, composition of the Vendian fauna on the basis of 1976 (Keller and Fedonkin, 1976). -
Identification of Culture-Negative Fungi in Blood and Respiratory Samples
IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURE-NEGATIVE FUNGI IN BLOOD AND RESPIRATORY SAMPLES Farida P. Sidiq A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2014 Committee: Scott O. Rogers, Advisor W. Robert Midden Graduate Faculty Representative George Bullerjahn Raymond Larsen Vipaporn Phuntumart © 2014 Farida P. Sidiq All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Fungi were identified as early as the 1800’s as potential human pathogens, and have since been shown as being capable of causing disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised people. Clinical diagnosis of fungal infections has largely relied upon traditional microbiological culture techniques and examination of positive cultures and histopathological specimens utilizing microscopy. The first has been shown to be highly insensitive and prone to result in frequent false negatives. This is complicated by atypical phenotypes and organisms that are morphologically indistinguishable in tissues. Delays in diagnosis of fungal infections and inaccurate identification of infectious organisms contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients who exhibit increased vulnerability to opportunistic infection by normally nonpathogenic fungi. In this study we have retrospectively examined one-hundred culture negative whole blood samples and one-hundred culture negative respiratory samples obtained from the clinical microbiology lab at the University of Michigan Hospital in Ann Arbor, MI. Samples were obtained from randomized, heterogeneous patient populations collected between 2005 and 2006. Specimens were tested utilizing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA utilizing panfungal ITS primers. -
Of Time and Taphonomy: Preservation in the Ediacaran
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273127997 Of time and taphonomy: preservation in the Ediacaran CHAPTER · JANUARY 2014 READS 36 2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Charlotte Kenchington University of Cambridge 5 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Charlotte Kenchington Retrieved on: 02 October 2015 ! OF TIME AND TAPHONOMY: PRESERVATION IN THE EDIACARAN CHARLOTTE G. KENCHINGTON! 1,2 AND PHILIP R. WILBY2 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK <[email protected]! > 2British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK ABSTRACT.—The late Neoproterozoic witnessed a revolution in the history of life: the transition from a microbial world to the one known today. The enigmatic organisms of the Ediacaran hold the key to understanding the early evolution of metazoans and their ecology, and thus the basis of Phanerozoic life. Crucial to interpreting the information they divulge is a thorough understanding of their taphonomy: what is preserved, how it is preserved, and also what is not preserved. Fortunately, this Period is also recognized for its abundance of soft-tissue preservation, which is viewed through a wide variety of taphonomic windows. Some of these, such as pyritization and carbonaceous compression, are also present throughout the Phanerozoic, but the abundance and variety of moldic preservation of body fossils in siliciclastic settings is unique to the Ediacaran. In rare cases, one organism is preserved in several preservational styles which, in conjunction with an increased understanding of the taphonomic processes involved in each style, allow confident interpretations of aspects of the biology and ecology of the organisms preserved. -
New Evidence on the Taphonomic Context of the Ediacaran Pteridinium
New evidence on the taphonomic context of the Ediacaran Pteridinium DAVID A. ELLIOTT, PATRICIA VICKERS−RICH, PETER TRUSLER, and MIKE HALL Elliott, D.A., Vickers−Rich, P., Trusler, P., and Hall, M. 2011. New evidence on the taphonomic context of the Ediacaran Pteridinium. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (3): 641–650. New material collected from the Kliphoek Member of the Nama Group (Kuibis Subgroup, Dabis Formation) on Farm Aar, southern Namibia, offers insights concerning the morphology of the Ediacaran organism Pteridinium. Pteridinium fossils previously described as being preserved in situ have been discovered in association with scour−and−fill structures indicative of transport. Additionally, two Pteridinium fossils have been found within sedimentary dish structures in the Kliphoek Member. A form of organic surface with a discrete membrane−like habit has also been recovered from Farm Aar, and specimens exist with both Pteridinium and membrane−like structures superimposed. The association between Pteridinium fossils and membrane−like structures suggests several possibilities. Pteridinium individuals may have been transported before burial along with fragments of microbial mat; alternately they may have been enclosed by an external membranous structure during life. Key words: Pteridinium, Petalonamae, Vendobionta, taphonomy, palaeoecology, Kliphoek Member, Nama Group, Ediacaran. David A. Elliott [[email protected]], Patricia Vickers−Rich [[email protected]], Peter Trusler [pe− [email protected]], and Mike Hall [[email protected]], School of Geosciences, Monash University, Vic− toria, Australia 3800. Received 27 May 2010, accepted 21 October 2010, available online 22 October 2010. Introduction up−section. The Kliphoek Member represents the sandstone phase of the second of these cycles (Gresse and Germs 1993; Members of the genus Pteridinium were first described as Saylor et al. -
1 Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology – 2015 & 2016 –
1 ================================================================================== CURRENT AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON BENTHIC BIOLOGY – 2015 & 2016 – [ published in May 2017 ] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOREWORD. “Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology” is published annually for the members of the Society for Freshwater Science (SFS) (formerly, the Midwest Benthological Society [MBS, 1953-1975] then the North American Benthological Society [NABS, 1975-2011]). This compilation summarizes titles of articles published in 2015. Additionally, pertinent titles of articles published prior to 2015 also have been included if they had not been cited in previous reviews (or to correct errors in previous annual bibliographies), and authors of several sections have also included citations for recent (2016 and 2017) publications. I extend my appreciation to 1) past and present members of the MBS, NABS and SFS Literature Review and Publications Committees and the Society presidents and treasurer Mike Swift for their support, 2) librarians Elizabeth Wohlgemuth (Illinois Natural History Survey) and Susan Braxton (Prairie Research Institute) for their assistance in accessing journals, other publications, bibliographic search engines and abstracting resources, and rare publications critical to the compilation and verification of citations included herein, and 3) Kristi L. Moss (Illinois Natural History Survey) for her assistance