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Home , Anabarites, Andiva, Arumberia, Ediacaria, Nama Group, Spriggina

Index

Acraman impact ejecta layer 53–4, 117, 123, 126–9, 130–2, 425–7 controversy 300, 301–3, 305 acritarchs ecology 303 Amadeus and Officer Basins 119 synonyms 302 biostratigraphy 115–25, 130–2 Australia Australian correlations 130–2 Acraman impact ejecta layer 53–4, 117, 123, 126–9, composite zonation scheme 119, 131, 132 130–2, 425–7 India 318–20 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 126–9 Ireland 289 correlations of System and Period 18, Spain 232 115–35 sphaeromorphid 324 Marinoan glaciation 53–4, 126 Adelaide, Hallett Cove 68 Australia, Ediacaran System and Period Adelaide Rift Complex 115–22, 425 Bunyeroo–Wonoka Formation transition correlations with Officer Basin 127 137–9, 426 dating (Sr–Rb) 140 Centralian Superbasin 118, 125 generalized time–space diagram, correlations composite zonation scheme 131 between tectonic units 120 correlation methods and results 125–32 location maps 116, 118 time–space diagram 120 SE sector cumulative strata thickness 139 Vendian climatic indicators 17 stratigraphic correlation with Officer Basin 127 See also Adelaide Rift Complex; Stuart Shelf drill holes, correlations 117 Avalonian assemblages, Newfoundland 237–57, Sturtian (Umberatana) Group 116, 138 303–7, 427 Umberatana Group 116, 138 Africa backarc spreading, Altenfeld Formation 44–5, 47–8 Vendian climatic indicators 17 Baliana–Krol Group, NW Himalaya 319 see also Barut Formation, Iran 434 Aldanellidae 418 Bayesian analysis algal metaphyta, White Sea Region 271–4 eumetazoans 357–9 algal microfossils, White Sea Region 271 Porifera 357–9 Altenfeld Formation, backarc spreading 44–5, 47–8 Belarus, Vendian cyclic structure 21 Amadeus Basin Beltanella 324 acritarch zonation 119 Beltanelliformis carbon isotope trends 128 Australia 427 generalized time–space diagram, correlations Russia and Ukraine, comparative between tectonic units 120 taphonomy 259–67 location map 118 Spain 224, 228 succession 124–5 Beltanelloides 4, 8, 271–4 Anabarella 230 369–75 Anabarites tricarinatus 193 first appearance 126, 157, 447–8 Anabarites–Protohertzina Zone, – gliding symmetry 399 boundary, China 145–7, 423–4 small-bodied crown phyla 371–2 Andean Basin 1–14 biosiliceous sedimentation, China, earliest 158 Cambrian 146, 423–4 Animalia, origins 447–8 Birmania basin, Rajasthan 439–41 Appendisphaera barbata/Alicesphaeridium Blaini–Krol–Tal Basin, Lesser Himalaya medusoidum/Gyalosphaeridium pulchrum carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 85–91 Assemblage Zone 119, 131, 132 geological map 79 Arabia, Vendian climatic indicators 17 global correlations 96 Archaeobranchia 418–19 trace elements 90 Archaeotrichion lacerum 430–1 Blainiella 318 Archyfasma 271–4 Blumenau Shear Zone 37 Argentina (NW), 1–14 Bohemian Massif, Saxo-Thuringian Zone location map 2 (Cadomian ) 35–51 stratigraphy 3 geological map 36–8 Armorica 36 Bonney , Flinders Ranges 122, 140, 197, 426 armour, and infaunal shelters, Brachina Formation 426 origins 405–14 Trezona Bore 65–7, 69–70 -type trace , Spain 226–7 Brachina Gorge, Ediacaran GSSP 196 Arumberia banksi 285, 290 Bradgatia 216 450 INDEX

Breakfast Time Creek Member, Rawnsley Quartzite, landmark morphometric analysis 240–8 Flinders Ranges 197–8 stratigraphic setting 238 Bunyeroo Gorge 116 taphonomy 242 Bunyeroo–Wonoka Formation transition 121–2, traditional interpretation of 137–9, 426 morphology 239 Wearing Dolomite 117, 121–2, 137–9 quiltlike 400 Buxa Dolomite, Lesser Himalaya 158, 199, 211–12, 297–8 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 91–5 affinities 251 microfossils 97–8 feeding 377 Ranjit Window 81, 94 holdfast 322 assemblages 93–5 quilting patterns 388 Chase Quartzite Member, Rawnsley Quartzite 197 Cadomian orogeny, Saxo-Thuringian Zone 35–51 China backarc basin 41–4 Doushantuo Formation 151–6 Cadomian Unconformity 41 earliest Cambrian 423–4 retroarc basin 45, 47–9 Precambrian, ciliated protozoans 151–6 Cadomian unconformity 35–6, 41 Precambrian–Cambrian boundary, radiolarian Cadomian–Avalonian active margin, skeletons 143–9, 424 Peri-Gondwana 46 Vendian climatic indicators 16–17 calcareous tubular fossils 410 Yunnan, Meishucun section 411 calcisponges, paraphyly 355–67 chirodropids, cubozoans, 157–79 –dolomite cycles, Namibia 103–13 Chondrophorina 217–18 Cambrian ‘problematica’ 360–2 Chondroplon 214, 217 cap carbonates Chuaria, Iran 435, 436 calcite–dolomite cycles, Namibia 103–13 Chuaria–Tawuia association 324, 328 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 126–9 Chuos Formation, cap carbonates, Namibia rhythmite sequences 27–34 27–34, 103–13 ‘Snowball Earth’ hypothesis 23 ciliated protozoans, Precambrian, China 151–6 see also carbonates Ciliophora cap dolostone Precambrian, S China 151–6 magnetics 69–72 systematic palaeontology 155–6 Nuccaleena Formation 54, 59–61, 67–72, 120–1 climatic indicators carbon isotope chemostratigraphy palaeoclimatic and biotic changes 88 Australia 126–9 Vendian Period 15–26 Birmania basin, Rajasthan 439–41 Cloudina-bearing sediments, Spain 223–4, 230–2 13 delta Ccarb values, beginning and end of 218, 355 Ediacaran System and Period 427 Cochlichnus anguineus 5, 7 Deoban Group 82, 88 Conomedusites 320–2 Lesser Himalaya Coreospiridae 417 Blaini–Krol–Tal sequence 85–91 Corynetis priapulid 408 Buxa Dolomite 91–5 crown phyla, small-bodied bilateria 371–2 Lameri , Garhwal 86 ctenophores 355 Nemakit–Daldynian 440 cubozoans 157–79 and Precambrian oxygenation 362–3 see also Kimberella Proterozoic ocean 362 cyanobacterial films/mats 197, 269–71 carbonaceous compressions 228–30 Deoban Chert 78 carbonaceous macrofossils, India 324 Cyclomedusa 300, 301, 302, 321 carbonaceous microfossils, White Sea Region 269–75 demosponges, paraphyly 355–67 carbonates Deoban Group, carbon isotope 13 delta Ccarb values 27 chemostratigraphy 82, 88 Proterozoic ocean 362 Deoban–Gangolihat carbonate belt 78, 88, 95 see also cap carbonates 158, 198, 199, 292, 323, 443 Centralian Superbasin carpet-like recliners 389 Australia 118, 125 feeding 377 location map 118 quilting patterns 387–8 Ceratosphaeridium mirabile/Distosphaera australica/ resting traces 394 Apodastoides verobturatus Didymaulichnus see Mattaia Assemblage Zone 119, 131, 132 Diplocraterion 409 Charnia fronds discoidal fossils 297–313 affinities 251 Aspidella controversy 301–3 Australia 210–12 history of research 297–8 Avalon peninsula, Newfoundland 237–57 morphology 299–301 ecology/life 248–51 pseudofossils 301 INDEX 451

taphonomy 298–9 Fermeuse-style assemblages 299–307 308–9 Finnmark dolomite correlations, Flinders Ranges 138 calcite–dolomite cycles 103–13 Vendian climatic indicators 16 Gangolihat Dolomite Formation, Flinders Ranges 138, 425–8 chemostratigraphy 83 correlations with Finnmark, N Norway 138 synsedimentary model 110–12 Elatina–Nuccaleena deglaciation 53–76 rip-up clasts 111–12 location map 196 Doushantuo Formation, China 151–6 Pound Subgroup Bonney Sandstone 122, 140, 197 Eastern Europe, Vendian climatic indicators 16 Rawnsley Quartzite 195–9, 426 Ediacara Member and fauna/assemblage 198–200, Flinders-style assemblages 299 195, 425–8 organisms see Charnia; Pambikalbae new approach (Morphospace Analysis) 378–9 hasenohrae gen. et sp. preservation 199–204 Rawnsley Quartzite (Pound Subgroup), Gangolihat Dolomite Formation, Lesser Himalaya, Flinders Ranges 198–200 chemostratigraphy 83 Ediacaran GSSP Garhwal, Lesser Himalaya, Brachina Gorge 196 chemostratigraphy 79, 82, 84 defining 73, 115, 425 gastropod evolution 415–21 Elatina Formation, rock magnetic experiments 71 main groups 415–18 Enorama Creek 54, 55–61, 116 phylogenetic relationships 419–20 Ediacaran System and Period shell forms, radiation 416 acritarch biostratigraphy 115–25, 130–2 Gawler Craton 425 composite zonation scheme 131, 132 genes, regulatory genes in bilateral correlation with Vendian System, Australia metazoans 372–4 18, 115–35 Georgina Basin event stratigraphy 126 carbon isotope trends 129 generalized time–space diagram, correlations location map 118 between tectonic units 120 Germany, Saxo-Thuringian Zone, Cadomian naming 137–41 basement 35–51 etymology 140 Glaessner, Martin 443–4 Waggoner’s associations 139, 427 Glaessnerina 211, 212 Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary see Precambrian– affinities 251 Cambrian boundary gliding symmetry 399 Ediacaran–, stratigraphic Glockerichnus 5, 7 correlation 435–6 Gondwana, Cadomian–Avalonian active Ediacaria, morphology 300 margin 46 Ediacaria booleyi Gymnoblastina 217 five interpretations 291–3 removal from Ediacaria 277–95 halite, sequestration as ‘saline giants’ 447 Ediacaria flindersi 279, 291 Hallett Cove, Adelaide 68 Elatina Formation Helcionellidae 415–17 correlation with Smalfjord Formation, Helminthoidichnites tenuis 5, 7 N Norway 139 Helminthoraphe 5, 7 dating 140 Hetang Formation, radiolarian palaeomagnetic record 425–8 skeletons 143–9 rock magnetic experiments 71 stratigraphic column 144 Elatina–Nuccaleena deglaciation 53–76 Yangtze Platform 423–4 Elatina Creek 61–2 Hiemalora 299, 300, 331–7 transition, key facies 58 reconstruction 335–6 Trezona Bore 63, 65–7 research history 331 Enorama Creek, Ediacaran GSSP 54, 55–61, stratigraphic section 332 115–16 taxonomy 336 Eoholynia 272, 274 Himalaya, NW and NE Lesser Eotintinnopsis (ciliated protozoan) Himalaya 77–101, 318–21 Precambrian, China 151–6 Garhwal chemostratigraphy 79, 82, 84 systematic palaeontology 155–6 Krol Formation 77–82, 85–91, 318–21 lithostratigraphy and palaeobiology 80 ‘colonies’ 208, 213 Menga (Buxa) Limestone 93–5, 97–8, 81 Namibia, Nama Group 197, 200 Mussoorie Syncline, isotope data 85–92 quilting patterns 387–8, 400 Transition 88 reconstruction 390 palaeoclimatic and biotic changes 88 Europe, Eastern, Vendian climatic indicators 16 Ranjit Window 81 452 INDEX

Hormosiroidea 226 Krol Formation, NW Himalaya 77–82, 85–91, 318–21 honeycomb pattern, interpretations 343–9 Baliana–Krol Group biota 319 conceptual paradigm 344–5 Blaini–Krol–Tal Basin, carbon isotope physical paradigm 345–7 chemostratigraphy 85–91 inappropriate paradigms 347–9 late Proterozoic successions 318–21 Hox genes, regulatory genes in bilateral Mussoorie Syncline metazoans 372–4 isotope data 89 Hydroactinidae 217 REE, Y, Sc and Th distribution 91 trace element distribution 90–1, 92 Igarkiellidae 417 Kullingia (swing mark) 301 Indian subcontinent 77–101, 315–30, 439–41 Birmania basin, Rajasthan 439–41 Ladatheca annae 411 carbon isotope stratigraphy 439–41 Lakhanda Microbiota 431 Higher/Tethys Himalaya: Kasmir 321–2 Lalun Formation, Iran 434–5 Indo-Gangetic Plain 322–3 Laplandian, Vendian climatic zonation 20–3 late Proterozoic biota 318–20 Lausitz Group 41–5 correlation charts 317, 325–6 Leiosphaeridia jacutica/L. crassa Assemblage geological setting 315–18 Zone 117, 119, 131, 132 location map 314 Lena River, Jakutsk 408, 409 Lesser Himalaya 77–101, 315–30, 318–21 Louisella pedunculata priapulid 407 Blaini–Krol–Tal Basin 79 Krol Belt 318–21 Mackenzie, Vendian climatic indicators 16 Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic magnetic susceptibility, temperature dependence 70–2 successions 325–6 magnetics NW and NE Lesser Himalaya 77–101 cap dolostone 69–72 lithostratigraphy 80 hysteresis loops 72 palaeoclimatic and biotic changes 88 Verwey Transition 66 Peninsular India 323–8 Manykodes (Phycodes) pedum 406, 411 Vendian climatic indicators 17 Manykodes rectangulare 407–8 infaunal trace makers 406–9 Marinoan glaciation continuous horizontal galleries in sand 406–7 Australia 53, 126 correlation with small shelly fossils 410–12 cap carbonates, palaeomagnetism 54 cylindrical branching burrows 407–8 Namibia 104 mud eaters 408–9 Mattaia 406–12 transitions in infaunal behaviour 409–10 Mattaia miettensis burrows 406–7, 410 Inkrylovia 208, 212 Mattaia tirasensis burrows 410–11 Iran (Takab area), Ediacaran–Ordovician Mawsonites 299, 443 microstratigraphy 433–7 Medusinites 300 correlation 435–6 Menga Dolomite see Buxa Dolomite Lalun Formation 434–5 metazoans petrography and stratigraphy 433–5 Bayesian analysis 357–9 Ireland, Booley Bay Formation 277–95 before 369–71 age 288–91 bilateral 369–75 location map 278 first appearance 126, 157, 447 sedimentological setting 277–85 regulatory genes 372–4 isotope data, Mussoorie Syncline, NW and NE Lesser small-bodied crown phyla 371–2 Himalaya 89, 91–2 early radiation 187 first appearance 447–8 Jakutsk, Lena River 408, 409 origins 178 and origins of Animalia 447–8 Kessyusa Formation, Siberia 406–14 paraphyly, eumetazoans and Khairkhaniidae 418 poriferans 356 Khorbusuonka River region, Siberia 406–14 phylogenetic relations 370 Kimberella 157–79, 323, 369 small-bodied crown phyla 371–2 future research directions 181–5 trace fossils 371 grazing tracks 174–7 microbial mats morphology 160–74, 184 demise 448 reconstructions 176, 185 Lausitz group, Germany 41, 42 stratigraphic setting 158 see also Vendobionts taphonomy and ecology 158–60, 182 microfossils King Island/NE Tasmania 129 Buxa Dolomite, Lesser Himalaya 97–8 generalized time–space diagram, correlations carbonaceous, White Sea Region 269–75 between tectonic units 120 discoidal fossils 297–313 Kotlin–Redkino, Vendian climatic zonation 20 Hetang Formation, China 145–8 INDEX 453

organic-walled, Spain 230–2 Smalfjord Formation, correlation with Elatina siliceous, China, earliest Formation, Australia 139 Cambrian 146, 423–4 Stappogiedde Formation, Varanger, discoidal White Sea Region 269–75, 271 fossils 304–5 see also small shelly fossils (SSF) Vestertana Group, and Bunyeroo–Wonoka Mila Formation, Iran 434, 435 Formation transition 138 Mistaken Point, Newfoundland 301–6, 308 Nuccaleena Formation cap dolostone 54, 59–61, Monomorphichnus lineatus 5, 7 67–72, 120–1 Monomorphichnus lineatus– pedum boundary with Brachina Formation 121 assemblage 232–3 dating 140 monoplacophorans, living 183 magnetics 69–72 Montes de Toledo–Guadalupe, Spain, Precambrian–Cambrian boundary 223–35 Officer Basin Morphospace Analysis 377–86 acritarch zonation 119 formulation of morphospace for Ediacara carbon isotope trends 129 biota 379–82 correlation with Adelaide Rift Complex 127 results 382–6 generalized time–space diagram, correlations Mussoorie Syncline between tectonic units 120 Blaini–Krol–Tal Basin, Lesser Himalaya location map 118 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 85–91 sequence stratigraphy and seismic interpretation 126 trace elements 90, 91 succession 122–4 isotope data, Krol Formation 89, 91–2 Oldhamia curvata 5, 7 Oldhamia flabellata 5, 7 Namalia, quilting patterns 387–8 Oldhamia radiata 5, 7 Namibia, Nama Group Olenek River region, Siberia 406–14 Ernietta 197, 200, 208, 213, 387–8, 390, 400 Onuphionella, mica-lined shelter 410 preservation (taphonomic) processes 200 Onychochilidae 418 402–4 Oraparinna diapir 68 Namibia, Otavi Group 103–13 organic-walled microfossils 230–2 chemical profiles 108–10 Oscillatoriopsis 269–70 Chuos Formation 104 Otavi Group see Namibia location map 105 Ovatoscutum 217 Rasthof Formation cap carbonates 27–34, oxygenation 104–110 and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 362–3 thin section data 107–8 Precambrian era 362–3 Namibian association 427 Shuram excursion 362 Nantuo Formation, China 151–6 Precambrian–Cambrian boundary 431 Nasepia, quilting patterns 387–8 Nemakit–Daldynian Palaeolyngbia 269–70 assemblages, Vendian climatic indicators 17, palaeopascichnids 262, 425 18–20 Palaeophycus 5, 7, 8 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 440 Pambikalbae hasenohrae gen. et sp. 195–222 gastropod evolution 415–21 biological relationships 207–18 Nemiana 9, 158, 300 living relatives 214–18 Russia and Ukraine, comparative morphology 205–7 taphonomy 263–5 preservation 200–4 Neonereites biserialis 5, 7 reconstruction 207, 215 Neonereites uniserialis 5, 7 systematic palaeontology 205 Neoproterozoic glacials 447–8 paraphyly ‘Snowball Earth’ hypothesis 21–3 Cambrian ‘problematica’ 360–2 Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian transition, eumetazoans and poriferans 356 Argentina (NW) 1–14 Precambrian oxygenation 362–3 saltensis 5, 7 pattern interpretations Newfoundland englutinated fill skeletons 388 Avalon peninsula, Charnia fronds 237–57 honeycomb 343–9 Avalonian assemblages 303–7 quilting 387–8 Mistaken Point 301–6, 308 Pelagiellidae 418 Vendian climatic indicators 16 Petalonamae 187–9, 209–18 Ngalia Basin, location map 118 ‘petalonamids’ see Pambikalbae hasenohrae gen. et sp. Nimbia phosphatic shells see small shelly fossils (SSF) Booley Bay Formation 278, 285, 299 phosphogenesis, Precambrian–Cambrian boundary 439 morphology 300 Phyllozoon Norway carpet-like recliners 389 Finnmark, Vendian climatic indicators 16 quilting patterns 387, 400 454 INDEX

Phyllozoon hanseni 212, 217 359–60 reconstruction 209 Ranjit Window, Lesser Himalaya 81, 94 phylogenetics, Bayesian 356 Rasthof cap carbonates, Namibia 27–34, 103–13 physonect siphonophores 215 Rawnsley Quartzite (Pound Subgroup), Flinders Pilitella 272, 274 Ranges 195–200, 426 placozoans 355 Breakfast Time Creek Member 197–8 plankton communities, early development and Chase Quartzite Member 197 composition 148 Ediacara Member 198–200 pneu architecture 387–8 Winnowie Member 198 Podolimirus 189 regulatory genes, bilateral metazoans 372–4 Podolodes burrows 406–11 Rheic Ocean 36 Podolodes tripleurum 409, 410 ‘rhizocorallium’ spreites 408 Podolodes triplex 409 rhythmite sequences, cap carbonates 27–34 Poland, Holy Cross mountains 407 Riphean 429–31 Porifera Rodinia supercontinent 78 China, earliest Cambrian 424 break-up 78, 82–5 paraphyly 355–67 modern continental outlines 139 Bayesian analysis 357–9 Rokopelia spp. 183 Cambrian ‘problematica’ 360–2 Rothstein Formation, backarc spreading 44–5, 47–8 character acquisition 359–63 Rugosoopsis 429–31 spicules, preservation of radiolarian skeletons 146–8 Russia Precambrian era, oxygenation 362–3 Ventogyrus 187–94, 208–14 Precambrian–Cambrian boundary see also White Sea region Flinders Ranges 426 marine phosphogenesis 439 sabelliditids 231, 232, 429 origin of armour and infaunal shelters 405–14 ‘saline giants’ 447 radiolarian skeletons 143–9 Saxo-Thuringian Zone (Cadomian basement) Spain 223–35 backarc basin 41–4 preservation (taphonomic) processes geological map 36–8 159, 182, 199–204 lithosections and geochronological data 38 priapulids 407–8 retroarc basin 45, 47–9 Primoflagella 430–1 Sekwia 9, 300, 327 Protolyellia 339–53 Selkirkia 4, 8 affinities 351–2 Serebrina 272, 274 interpretation 342–51 SHRIMP (sensitive high resolution ion microprobe) material 339–42 dating 125, 140 reconstruction 349 Shuram excursion, oxygenation in Precambrian taphonomy 342, 349–51 era 362 protozoans, Precambrian, China 151–6 Siberia Psammichnites 227–8, 406, 411–12 Hiemalora 331–7 non-Psammichnites 5, 7 Kessyusa Formation 406–14 Psammocorallia 293, 339 Khorbusuonka River region 406–14 see also Protolyellia Olenek River region 406–14 Pteridinium carolinaense 198, 200, 208–9, 217, 320 siliceous microfossils, China, earliest Cambrian quilting patterns 387–8, 400 146, 423–4 specimens from Aar Farm, Namibia 402–4 Sinian association 437 reconstructions 209, 391 siphonophores 215–16, 218 regeneration 393 pneumatophore 216 vanes 389 Siphonophycus 269–70 Pteridinium simplex 214 158 reconstructions 391 small shelly fossils (SSF) Puncoviscana Formation, Argentina 1–14 China, Precambrian–Cambrian boundary 143–9 correlation with infaunal trace makers 410–12 quilt structures, ‘Vendobionta’ 387–8, 399–404 India 324 Spain 230 radiolarian skeletons, Early Cambrian 143–9 see also microfossils coexistence with spicules 147 ‘Snowball Earth’ hypothesis 21–3 morphology 147–8 Sokolovina 429 Radulichnus 181 Soltanieh Formation, Iran 433–7 Rajasthan, Birmania basin 439–41 South Africa, Vendian climatic indicators 17 210, 216, 390–3 South American Andean Basin 3–14 quilting patterns 388 Spain, Precambrian–Cambrian boundary 223–35 reconstructions 392 carbonaceous compressions 228–30 vanes 389 geological setting 223–6 INDEX 455

location map 224 Trilobozoa 192 organic-walled microfossils 230–2 Tuberlichnus 226 skeletal fossils 230 stratigraphic nomenclature 223–6 U–Pb aging, Newfoundland 427 trace fossils 226–8 Ukraine sphaeromorphid acritarchs 324 Beltanelliformis 259–67 see Porifera biostratigraphic correlation with White Sprigg, Reg C 443 Sea Region 273 300, 400 Podolia Sr isotope data, Mussoorie Syncline, NW and NE burrowing infauna 409–10 Lesser Himalaya 89, 91–2 macrophyte algae 271–4 SSU rRNA molecule, phylogenetic relations 370 Umberatana Group, Adelaide Rift Complex 116, 138 Stannophyllum, englutinated fill skeletons 388 Urals Stenothecidae 417 Vendian climatic indicators 16 stromatolite assemblages Vendian cyclic structure 22 Australian Ediacaran System 129–30 Uratanna Formation 426 Lesser Himalaya Blaini–Krol–Tal sequence 85–7 Vaizitsinia 212 Deoban–Gangolihat dolomite 78 Valdainia 212 Menga (Buxa) Limestone 93–5 Veleropilina 183 Vindhyan Supergroup, India 324 Velumbrella 282 Stuart Shelf 120–2 Vendian System and Period 427 acritarch zonation 119 climate zonation 20 Sturtian glaciation, Namibia 104 climatic indicators 15–26 Sturtian (Umberatana) Group, Adelaide Rift correlation with Ediacaran System 18 Complex 116, 138 correlation of glacial horizons 16–17 Svalbard, Vendian climatic indicators 16 macrofossil taxa 157 189, 200, 208, 212, 213, 217 Russia upright form 389 Beltanelliformis 259–67 Sweden, Mickwitzia sandstone, Protolyellia 339–53 Nemiana 158, 259–67 new data on Kimberella 157–79 Tanarium conoideum/Schizofusa risoria/ Ventogyrus 187–94 Variomargosphaeridium litoschum zonality 19 Assemblage Zone 119, 131, 132 ‘Vendobionta’ 211, 387–97 Tanarium irregulare/Ceratosphaeridium glaberosum/ englutinated fill skeletons 388 Multifronsphaeridium pelorum Assemblage Zone quilt structures 387–8, 399–404 119, 131, 132 regeneration 393–4 taphonomic process 159, 182, 199–204 resting traces 394–5 comparative taphonomy 259–67 versatility 388–93 Beltanelliformis 260–2 Vendoconularia 189 Nemiana 264 Vendoglossa 395, 396 discoidal fossils 298–9 Vendotaenia, Iran 435, 436 Ediacaria booleyi 279 Ventogyrus 187–94, 208–9, 214 Protolyellia 342, 349–51 morphology 188–92, 208–9, 212 Tasmanadia cachii 5, 7 reconstructions 192–3 Tasmania, King Island 120, 129 taxonomy 187–9 Tawuia 435 ‘Verdun syndrome’ 405–14 Tethys Himalayan sequence 77–8 Vestertana Group, N Norway 138 Thalassinoides 5, 9 and Bunyeroo–Wonoka Formation transition 138 Thaumaptilon 212 Tirasiana 259–60, 299 Wade, Mary 444 morphology 300–1 Wearing Dolomite, Bunyeroo–Wonoka Formation trace elements transition 117, 121–2, 137–9 Blaini–Krol–Tal Basin 90 White Sea Region Mussoorie Syncline 90–1, 92 algal microfossils 271 trace fossils 226–7, 371 Beltanelliformis 259–67 infaunal trace makers 406–9 biostratigraphic correlation with Podolia 273 ‘Vendobionta’ 394–5 carbonaceous microfossils 269–75 Trenellidae 417 new data on Kimberella 157–79 Treptichnus assemblage 224, 226–7 Ventogyrus 187–94 Treptichnus cf aequalternus 5, 7, 8 Verkhova Formation 198 Trezona Bore Zimney Gory Formation 198, 262, 405 Brachina Formation 65–7, 69–70 see also Vendian System and Period Elatina–Nuccaleena deglaciation 63, 65–7 Winnowie Member, Rawnsley Quartzite 198 456 INDEX

Wonoka Formation, Bunyeroo–Wonoka Formation Yarnemia 214 transition 121–2, 137–9, 426 Yochecionellidae 417 Wujiangella (ciliated protozoan) Yonyangella (ciliated protozoan) Precambrian, China 151–6 Precambrian, China 151–6 systematic palaeontology 155–6 systematic palaeontology 155–6 158, 448 xenophyophores 387 quilting patterns 387–8, 400 XRF analyser, scanning X-ray analytical microscope resting traces 394 (SXAM) 28–32 Yakutsk, Lena River 408, 409 Zaigun Formation, Iran 434 Yangtze Plate, China Zimney Gory Formation, White Sea region 198, 262, Hetang Shales 423–4 405–6 radiolarian skeletons 143–9 zircons, SHRIMP dating 125, 140