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Ediacaran) of Earth – Nature’S Experiments
The Early Animals (Ediacaran) of Earth – Nature’s Experiments Donald Baumgartner Medical Entomologist, Biologist, and Fossil Enthusiast Presentation before Chicago Rocks and Mineral Society May 10, 2014 Illinois Famous for Pennsylvanian Fossils 3 In the Beginning: The Big Bang . Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago Fossil Record Order 95% of higher taxa: Random plant divisions domains & kingdoms Cambrian Atdabanian Fauna Vendian Tommotian Fauna Ediacaran Fauna protists Proterozoic algae McConnell (Baptist)College Pre C - Fossil Order Archaean bacteria Source: Truett Kurt Wise The First Cells . 3.8 billion years ago, oxygen levels in atmosphere and seas were low • Early prokaryotic cells probably were anaerobic • Stromatolites . Divergence separated bacteria from ancestors of archaeans and eukaryotes Stromatolites Dominated the Earth Stromatolites of cyanobacteria ruled the Earth from 3.8 b.y. to 600 m. [2.5 b.y.]. Believed that Earth glaciations are correlated with great demise of stromatolites world-wide. 8 The Oxygen Atmosphere . Cyanobacteria evolved an oxygen-releasing, noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis • Changed Earth’s atmosphere . Increased oxygen favored aerobic respiration Early Multi-Cellular Life Was Born Eosphaera & Kakabekia at 2 b.y in Canada Gunflint Chert 11 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Life (1) Alga Eukaryote Grypania of MI at 1.85 b.y. MI fossil outcrop 12 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Life (2) Beads Horodyskia of MT and Aust. at 1.5 b.y. thought to be algae 13 Source: Fedonkin et al. 2007 Rise of Animals Tappania Fungus at 1.5 b.y Described now from China, Russia, Canada, India, & Australia 14 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Animals (3) Worm-like Parmia of N.E. -
Russian National Committee for Igcp
RUSSIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR IGCP ANNUAL REPORT ON IGCP ACTIVITIES FOR 2014 This report informs on the Russia’s activities in the IGCP projects in 2014. Chairman: Prof. Mikhail A. Fedonkin Russian National Committee for IGCP GIN RAS, Pyzhevsky, 7, 119017 Moscow, Russia Tel: + 7 495 951-75-00/ 8 495 953 37 91 Fax: +7 495 953 37 64 E- mail: [email protected] The current Committee’s membership comprises twenty four members including the following Bureau members: Mikhail A. Fedonkin (Chairman, Geological Institute, GIN RAS); Igor D. Ryabchikov (Vice Chairman, Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, IGEM RAS); Oleg A. Bogatikov (Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, IGEM RAS); Eric M. Galimov (Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry , GEOKHI RAS ); Alexander O. Gliko (Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS); Yury G. Leonov (Geological Institute, GIN RAS). Projects with Russian co-leaders: Project 587 Entity, Facies and Time – the Ediacaran (Vendian) Puzzle (2010-2014), Leaders: Mikhail Fedonkin (Russia), Patricia Vickers-Rich (Australia), Jim Gehling (Australia), Guy Narbonne (Canada) Project 592 Continental construction in Central Asia (2012-2015), Leaders: Inna Safonova (Russia), Reimar Seltmann (UK), Min Sun (China) Project 596 Climate Change and Biodiversity Patterns in the Mid-Paleozoic (2011-2015). Leaders: Peter Konigshof (Germany), Thomas G. Suttner (Austria), Iliana A. Boncheva (Bulgaria), Nadezhda G. Izokh (Russia), Phuong Ta Hoa (Vietnam), Thasinee Charoentitirat (Thailand), Johny A. Waters (USA), Wolfgang Kiessling (Germany). Project 609 Cretaceous Sea-Level Changes (2013-2017). Leaders: M.Wagreich (Austria), X.Hu (China), S.Voigt (Germany, J.J. -
Contributions to the Neoproterozoic Geobiology
Contributions to the Neoproterozoic Geobiology Bing Shen Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Department of Geosciences Shuhai Xiao (Chair) Robert Bodnar Michal Kowalewski J. Fred Read November 29, 2007 Blacksburg, Virginia Key words: Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran, Ediacara fossils, China, Disparity, Sulfur isotope, Carbon isotope Copyright 2007, Bing Shen Contributions to the Neoproterozoic Geobiology Bing Shen Abstract This thesis makes several contributions to improve our understanding of the Neoproterozoic Paleobiology. In chapter 1, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the Ediacara fossils indicates that the oldest Ediacara assemblage—the Avalon assemblage— already encompassed the full range of Ediacara morphospace. A comparable morphospace range was occupied by the subsequent White Sea and Nama assemblages, although it was populated differently. In contrast, taxonomic richness increased in the White Sea assemblage and declined in the Nama assemblage. The Avalon morphospace expansion mirrors the Cambrian explosion, and both may reflect similar underlying mechanisms. Chapter 2 describes problematic macrofossils collected from the Neoproterozoic slate of the upper Zhengmuguan Formation in North China and sandstone of the Zhoujieshan Formation in Chaidam. Some of these fossils were previously interpreted as animal traces. Our study of these fossils recognizes four genera and five species. None of these taxa can be interpreted as animal traces. Instead, they are problematic body fossils of unresolved phylogenetic affinities. Chapter 3 reports stable isotopes of the Zhamoketi cap dolostone atop the Tereeken diamictite in the Quruqtagh area, eastern Chinese Tianshan. Our new data indicate that carbonate associated sulfate (CAS) abundance decreases rapidly in the basal 34 cap dolostone and δ SCAS composition varies between +9‰ and +15‰ in the lower 2.5 34 m. -
IUGS's Annual Report for 2019
Surveys” at the RFG2018 conference attended (IPA), by several national geological surveys (GSC, ◇International Association of Sedimentologists USGS, BGR, BGS, Japan, Finland, Norway, (IAS), Australia etc.); ◇IGCP council meetings, ◇a follow-up meeting of the International Consortium of Geological Surveys (ICOGS) ◇Alliance of International Science Organiza- organized at the Prospectors and Developers tions (ANSO), Association of Canada (PDAC) Convention by ◇International Consortium on Landslides (ICL), It has been several months since the outbreak organizations. The DDE program was officially GSC and USGS for directors and representa- of the COVID-19 which has put the whole world announced at the 73rd IUGS EC meeting held in tives of geological surveys attended by about 20 ◇Int. Society of Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical at risk, has claimed hundreds of thousands lives Beijing on February 26-29, 2019. The DDE delegates from Australia, New Zealand, South Engineering (ISSMGE), and caused devastating social and economic mission is to harmonize Earth evolution data Africa, Afghanistan, USA, Tasmania, France, ◇Int. Association for Engineering Geology and consequences. I would like to express IUGS’ and share global geoscience knowledge and its Germany, Republic of Senegal, the Organiza- the Environment (IAEG). sincere sympathy to those who have lost their vision is to promote Earth science transforma- tion of African Geological Survey (OAGS), and loved ones and who are still suffering from the tion. Unlike other existing databases, DDE will EuroGeosurveys; The IUGS initiatives were also discussed with spreading of the pandemic. I sincerely thank all provide the geologies and geographies of Earth ◇Sessions of Directors of Geological Surveys ISC, UNESCO and the GeoUnions. -
Mcmenamin FM
The Garden of Ediacara • Frontispiece: The Nama Group, Aus, Namibia, August 9, 1993. From left to right, A. Seilacher, E. Seilacher, P. Seilacher, M. McMenamin, H. Luginsland, and F. Pflüger. Photograph by C. K. Brain. The Garden of Ediacara • Discovering the First Complex Life Mark A. S. McMenamin C Columbia University Press New York C Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 1998 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McMenamin, Mark A. The garden of Ediacara : discovering the first complex life / Mark A. S. McMenamin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-231-10558-4 (cloth) — ISBN 0–231–10559–2 (pbk.) 1. Paleontology—Precambrian. 2. Fossils. I. Title. QE724.M364 1998 560'.171—dc21 97-38073 Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Gene Foley Desert Rat par excellence and to the memory of Professor Gonzalo Vidal This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword • ix Preface • xiii Acknowledgments • xv 1. Mystery Fossil 1 2. The Sand Menagerie 11 3. Vermiforma 47 4. The Nama Group 61 5. Back to the Garden 121 6. Cloudina 157 7. Ophrydium 167 8. Reunite Rodinia! 173 9. The Mexican Find: Sonora 1995 189 10. The Lost World 213 11. A Family Tree 225 12. Awareness of Ediacara 239 13. Revenge of the Mole Rats 255 Epilogue: Parallel Evolution • 279 Appendix • 283 Index • 285 This page intentionally left blank Foreword Dorion Sagan Virtually as soon as earth’s crust cools enough to be hospitable to life, we find evidence of life on its surface. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index Acraman impact ejecta layer 53–4, 117, 123, 126–9, Aspidella 130–2, 425–7 controversy 300, 301–3, 305 acritarchs ecology 303 Amadeus and Officer Basins 119 synonyms 302 biostratigraphy 115–25, 130–2 Australia Australian correlations 130–2 Acraman impact ejecta layer 53–4, 117, 123, 126–9, composite zonation scheme 119, 131, 132 130–2, 425–7 India 318–20 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy 126–9 Ireland 289 correlations of Ediacaran System and Period 18, Spain 232 115–35 sphaeromorphid 324 Marinoan glaciation 53–4, 126 Adelaide, Hallett Cove 68 Australia, Ediacaran System and Period Adelaide Rift Complex 115–22, 425 Bunyeroo–Wonoka Formation transition correlations with Officer Basin 127 137–9, 426 dating (Sr–Rb) 140 Centralian Superbasin 118, 125 generalized time–space diagram, correlations composite zonation scheme 131 between tectonic units 120 correlation methods and results 125–32 location maps 116, 118 time–space diagram 120 SE sector cumulative strata thickness 139 Vendian climatic indicators 17 stratigraphic correlation with Officer Basin 127 See also Adelaide Rift Complex; Flinders Ranges Stuart Shelf drill holes, correlations 117 Avalonian assemblages, Newfoundland 237–57, Sturtian (Umberatana) Group 116, 138 303–7, 427 Umberatana Group 116, 138 Africa backarc spreading, Altenfeld Formation 44–5, 47–8 Vendian climatic indicators 17 Baliana–Krol Group, NW Himalaya 319 see also Namibia Barut Formation, Iran 434 Aldanellidae 418 Bayesian analysis algal metaphyta, White Sea Region 271–4 eumetazoans 357–9 algal microfossils, White -
041-2011-Abstracts-BOE-III-Crete.Pdf
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Borissiak Paleontological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia III International Conference “Biosphere Origin and Evolution” RETHYMNO, CRETE, GREECE OCTOBER 16-20, 2011 ABSTRACTS Novosibirsk, 2011 © Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 2011 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Alexei Rozanov, Borissiak Paleontological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia Co‐Chairman Georgii Zavarzin, Institute of Microbiology RAS, Moscow, Russia Co‐Chairman Vadim Agol Moscow State University, Russia Yury Chernov Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia Institute of Protein Research RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region, Alexander Chetverin Russia David Deamer Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, Santa Cruz, USA V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Nikolay Dobretsov Novosibirsk, Russia Mikhail Fedonkin Geological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia Siegfried Franck Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany V.I. Vernadskii Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Eric Galimov RAS, Moscow, Russia Mikhail Grachev Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia Richard Hoover Nasa Marshall Space Flight Ctr., Huntsville, USA North‐Western Scientific Center RAS, St. Petersburg State Sergey Inge‐Vechtomov University, Russia Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum‐Gas Geology and Geophysics Alexander Kanygin SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Astrospace Centre of Lebedev Physical Institute RAS, Moscow, Nikolay Kardashev Russia Józef Kaźmierczak Institute of Paleobiology PAN, Warsaw, Poland Nikolay Kolchanov Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum‐Gas Geology and Geophysics Alexei Kontorovich SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library Eugene V. -
(2014). Haootia Quadriformis N. Gen., N. Sp., Interpreted As a Muscular Cnidarian Impression from the Late Ediacaran Period (Approx
Liu, A. G. S., Matthews, J., Menon, L. R., McIlroy, D., & Brasier, M. D. (2014). Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late Ediacaran period (approx. 560 Ma). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1793), [20141202]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1202 Peer reviewed version License (if available): Unspecified Link to published version (if available): 10.1098/rspb.2014.1202 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ 1 Title: Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a 2 muscular cnidarian impression from the late Ediacaran Period 3 (~560 Ma) 4 Authors: Alexander G. Liu1, *, Jack J. Matthews2, Latha R. Menon2, Duncan McIlroy3 and 5 Martin D. Brasier2, 3 6 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 7 3EQ, U.K. 8 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, 9 U.K. 10 3Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip 11 Drive, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada 12 *Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] 13 14 Key words: Ediacaran, metazoan, Newfoundland, Cnidaria, muscle 15 16 Abstract 17 Muscle tissue is a fundamentally eumetazoan attribute. The oldest evidence for fossilized 18 muscular tissue before the early Cambrian has hitherto remained moot, being reliant upon 19 indirect evidence in the form of late Ediacaran ichnofossils. -
Ediacaran–Early Ordovician Paleomagnetism of Baltica: a Review
Gondwana Research 25 (2014) 159–169 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gondwana Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gr GR focus review Ediacaran–Early Ordovician paleomagnetism of Baltica: A review Joseph G. Meert ⁎ Department of Geological Sciences, 241 Williamson Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States article info abstract Article history: The Ediacaran–Early Ordovician interval is of great interest to paleogeographer's due to the vast evolutionary Received 11 October 2012 changes that occurred during this interval as well as other global changes in the marine, atmospheric and ter- Received in revised form 13 February 2013 restrial systems. It is; however, precisely this time period where there are often wildly contradictory paleo- Accepted 17 February 2013 magnetic results from similar-age rocks. These contradictions are often explained with a variety of innovative Available online 26 February 2013 (and non-uniformitarian) scenarios such as intertial interchange true polar wander, true polar wander and/or fi Handling Editor: M. Santosh non-dipolar magnetic elds. While these novel explanations may be the cause of the seemingly contradictory data, it is important to examine the paleomagnetic database for other potential issues. Keywords: This review takes a careful and critical look at the paleomagnetic database from Baltica. Based on some new Ediacaran data and a re-evaluation of older data, the relationships between Baltica and Laurentia are examined for Cambrian ~600–500 Ma interval. The new data from the Hedmark Group (Norway) confirms suspicions about possible Paleogeography remagnetization of the Fen Complex pole. For other Baltica results, data from sedimentary units were evalu- Baltica ated for the effects of inclination shallowing. -
Project Outlines
IGCP PROJECT (2003-2007) PROJECT: IGCP493 (Updated 3 March 2008) THE RISE AND FALL OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA (EDIACARAN PERIOD) http://www.earth.monash.edu.au/PreCsite/index.html 1. DISCIPLINE 1 (Stratigraphy, sedimentology, palaeontology, fossil fuels). Related to 3 (Mineral deposits, petrology, volcanology, geochemistry. 2. SHORT TITLE OF PROJECT THE RISE AND FALL OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA (Ediacaran Period) 3. FULL TITLE OF PROJECT THE RISE AND FALL OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA: PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL, PALAEOCLIMATIC AND PLATE TECTONIC CONTROLS ON THE PRESERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA WITH A COMPARISON OF GONDWANA AND NORTHERN ASSEMBLAGES 4. PROJECT LEADERS: Prof. Mihkhail Fedonkin (Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia) [email protected] Prof. Patricia Vickers-Rich (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne,, Victoria, Australia) [email protected] Dr Jim Gehling (South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia ) [email protected] [email protected] PROJECT ASSOCIATES Argentina Dr Guillermo Acenolaza (Universidad de Tucuman, Tucuman) [email protected] Dr Florencio Acenolaza (Universidad de Tucuman, Tucuman) [email protected] Australia Dr Steve Beresford (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria) Dr Frank Bierlein (Tectonics Special Research Centre, The University of Western Australia) [email protected] Dr Ian Cartwright (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria) [email protected] Prof. Ray Cas (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria) [email protected] Dr Andrew Constantine, Origin Energy, 339 Coronation Drive, Milton, Queensland ) [email protected] Dr Kathleen Grey, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Industry and Resources, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, Western Australia) [email protected] Dr Richard Jenkins (South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia) [email protected] Dr N. -
Of Time and Taphonomy: Preservation in the Ediacaran
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273127997 Of time and taphonomy: preservation in the Ediacaran CHAPTER · JANUARY 2014 READS 36 2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Charlotte Kenchington University of Cambridge 5 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Charlotte Kenchington Retrieved on: 02 October 2015 ! OF TIME AND TAPHONOMY: PRESERVATION IN THE EDIACARAN CHARLOTTE G. KENCHINGTON! 1,2 AND PHILIP R. WILBY2 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK <[email protected]! > 2British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK ABSTRACT.—The late Neoproterozoic witnessed a revolution in the history of life: the transition from a microbial world to the one known today. The enigmatic organisms of the Ediacaran hold the key to understanding the early evolution of metazoans and their ecology, and thus the basis of Phanerozoic life. Crucial to interpreting the information they divulge is a thorough understanding of their taphonomy: what is preserved, how it is preserved, and also what is not preserved. Fortunately, this Period is also recognized for its abundance of soft-tissue preservation, which is viewed through a wide variety of taphonomic windows. Some of these, such as pyritization and carbonaceous compression, are also present throughout the Phanerozoic, but the abundance and variety of moldic preservation of body fossils in siliciclastic settings is unique to the Ediacaran. In rare cases, one organism is preserved in several preservational styles which, in conjunction with an increased understanding of the taphonomic processes involved in each style, allow confident interpretations of aspects of the biology and ecology of the organisms preserved. -
Eclogites from the Grib Kimberlite Pipe, Arkhangelsk, Russia
ECLOGITES FROM THE GRIB KIMBERLITE PIPE, ARKHANGELSK, RUSSIA Vladimir Malkovets1,2,3, Lawrence Taylor2, William Griffin3, Suzanne O’Reilly3, Nikolai Pokhilenko1, Elisei Verichev4, Nikolai Golovin5, Konstantin Litasov6, John Valley7 and Michael 7 Spicuzza 1 Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography SB RAS, Russia; 2 Planetary Geoscience Institute,University of Tennessee, USA; 3 GEMOC National Key Centre, School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; 4Arkhangelskgeolrazvedka Ltd, Russia; 5Arkhangelskgeoldobycha Ltd, Russia; 6 Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Tohoku University, Japan; 7 University of Wisconcin, Madison,USA inland from the Zimniy Bereg (i.e. Winter Coast); and INTRODUCTION 2) on the NE side of the Onega Peninsula, separated from the Zimniy Bereg by the Gulf of Dvina. A short, intense, and spread phase of Late Devonian (~380-360 Eclogite xenoliths in kimberlites and alkali basalts are Ma) mafic, alkaline-ultramafic, and carbonatitic of great scientific interest because they can provide magmatism, immediately followed by large-scale information on the chemistry, mineralogy, and lithospheric doming of the East European Platform petrology of the mantle, as well as on the evolutionary (Mahotkin et al., 2000). history and interaction between the mantle and the crust. The origins of such eclogitic nodules have been actively discussed for more than 30 years. However, it is now generally agreed that the majority of the mantle eclogites had their ultimate origin from precursors in the ancient crust. That is, they are the products of subduction of oceanic crust beneath a craton, associated with devolitalization and possible partial melting. Nevertheless, much remains to be unraveled concerning such a complicated scenario.