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A Revised Morphology of Cloudina with Ecological and Phylogenetic Implications Andrew J
A Revised Morphology of Cloudina with Ecological and Phylogenetic Implications Andrew J. Miller Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of History Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] Abstract The conventional view of the Ediacaran index fossil Cloudina, as proposed by Grant (1990), depicts the shell structure as a series of nested test tubes. A digital serial-reconstruction of Cloudina and examination of thin sections indicates that only the bottom-most tube has a bottom and that the shell wall structure is not as well defined as previously thought. The conventional ecological reconstruction, as proposed by Seilacher (1999), puts Cloudina in a microbial mat framework. Evidence from fossils in situ and from the shape of Cloudina suggests that this interpretation is incorrect. Rather, I propose that Cloudina lived on seaweeds in the reef environment. I also introduce a new mode of inference in determining shell orientation based on gravitational forces. Given the morphological evidence, Cloudina appears to be more similar to pogonophoran or annelid worms and less similar than previously thought to cnidarian corals. Introduction Life in the Precambrian is seen by many in a Hobbesian view—sessile, benthic, and short. While this may accurately describe the functional behavior of Ediacaran communities, it overlooks the significant metazoan diversity that was present there, for within the Ediacaran period the first metazoans entered the fossil record and diversified. Even though the presence of metazoans in the Ediacaran has been known for over thirty years, relatively little is known about their phylogenic affinities, their structure, and their role in the ecosystem. -
Russian National Committee for Igcp
RUSSIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR IGCP ANNUAL REPORT ON IGCP ACTIVITIES FOR 2014 This report informs on the Russia’s activities in the IGCP projects in 2014. Chairman: Prof. Mikhail A. Fedonkin Russian National Committee for IGCP GIN RAS, Pyzhevsky, 7, 119017 Moscow, Russia Tel: + 7 495 951-75-00/ 8 495 953 37 91 Fax: +7 495 953 37 64 E- mail: [email protected] The current Committee’s membership comprises twenty four members including the following Bureau members: Mikhail A. Fedonkin (Chairman, Geological Institute, GIN RAS); Igor D. Ryabchikov (Vice Chairman, Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, IGEM RAS); Oleg A. Bogatikov (Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, IGEM RAS); Eric M. Galimov (Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry , GEOKHI RAS ); Alexander O. Gliko (Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS); Yury G. Leonov (Geological Institute, GIN RAS). Projects with Russian co-leaders: Project 587 Entity, Facies and Time – the Ediacaran (Vendian) Puzzle (2010-2014), Leaders: Mikhail Fedonkin (Russia), Patricia Vickers-Rich (Australia), Jim Gehling (Australia), Guy Narbonne (Canada) Project 592 Continental construction in Central Asia (2012-2015), Leaders: Inna Safonova (Russia), Reimar Seltmann (UK), Min Sun (China) Project 596 Climate Change and Biodiversity Patterns in the Mid-Paleozoic (2011-2015). Leaders: Peter Konigshof (Germany), Thomas G. Suttner (Austria), Iliana A. Boncheva (Bulgaria), Nadezhda G. Izokh (Russia), Phuong Ta Hoa (Vietnam), Thasinee Charoentitirat (Thailand), Johny A. Waters (USA), Wolfgang Kiessling (Germany). Project 609 Cretaceous Sea-Level Changes (2013-2017). Leaders: M.Wagreich (Austria), X.Hu (China), S.Voigt (Germany, J.J. -
IUGS's Annual Report for 2019
Surveys” at the RFG2018 conference attended (IPA), by several national geological surveys (GSC, ◇International Association of Sedimentologists USGS, BGR, BGS, Japan, Finland, Norway, (IAS), Australia etc.); ◇IGCP council meetings, ◇a follow-up meeting of the International Consortium of Geological Surveys (ICOGS) ◇Alliance of International Science Organiza- organized at the Prospectors and Developers tions (ANSO), Association of Canada (PDAC) Convention by ◇International Consortium on Landslides (ICL), It has been several months since the outbreak organizations. The DDE program was officially GSC and USGS for directors and representa- of the COVID-19 which has put the whole world announced at the 73rd IUGS EC meeting held in tives of geological surveys attended by about 20 ◇Int. Society of Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical at risk, has claimed hundreds of thousands lives Beijing on February 26-29, 2019. The DDE delegates from Australia, New Zealand, South Engineering (ISSMGE), and caused devastating social and economic mission is to harmonize Earth evolution data Africa, Afghanistan, USA, Tasmania, France, ◇Int. Association for Engineering Geology and consequences. I would like to express IUGS’ and share global geoscience knowledge and its Germany, Republic of Senegal, the Organiza- the Environment (IAEG). sincere sympathy to those who have lost their vision is to promote Earth science transforma- tion of African Geological Survey (OAGS), and loved ones and who are still suffering from the tion. Unlike other existing databases, DDE will EuroGeosurveys; The IUGS initiatives were also discussed with spreading of the pandemic. I sincerely thank all provide the geologies and geographies of Earth ◇Sessions of Directors of Geological Surveys ISC, UNESCO and the GeoUnions. -
041-2011-Abstracts-BOE-III-Crete.Pdf
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Borissiak Paleontological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia III International Conference “Biosphere Origin and Evolution” RETHYMNO, CRETE, GREECE OCTOBER 16-20, 2011 ABSTRACTS Novosibirsk, 2011 © Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 2011 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Alexei Rozanov, Borissiak Paleontological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia Co‐Chairman Georgii Zavarzin, Institute of Microbiology RAS, Moscow, Russia Co‐Chairman Vadim Agol Moscow State University, Russia Yury Chernov Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia Institute of Protein Research RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region, Alexander Chetverin Russia David Deamer Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, Santa Cruz, USA V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Nikolay Dobretsov Novosibirsk, Russia Mikhail Fedonkin Geological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia Siegfried Franck Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany V.I. Vernadskii Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Eric Galimov RAS, Moscow, Russia Mikhail Grachev Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia Richard Hoover Nasa Marshall Space Flight Ctr., Huntsville, USA North‐Western Scientific Center RAS, St. Petersburg State Sergey Inge‐Vechtomov University, Russia Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum‐Gas Geology and Geophysics Alexander Kanygin SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Astrospace Centre of Lebedev Physical Institute RAS, Moscow, Nikolay Kardashev Russia Józef Kaźmierczak Institute of Paleobiology PAN, Warsaw, Poland Nikolay Kolchanov Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum‐Gas Geology and Geophysics Alexei Kontorovich SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library Eugene V. -
Project Outlines
IGCP PROJECT (2003-2007) PROJECT: IGCP493 (Updated 3 March 2008) THE RISE AND FALL OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA (EDIACARAN PERIOD) http://www.earth.monash.edu.au/PreCsite/index.html 1. DISCIPLINE 1 (Stratigraphy, sedimentology, palaeontology, fossil fuels). Related to 3 (Mineral deposits, petrology, volcanology, geochemistry. 2. SHORT TITLE OF PROJECT THE RISE AND FALL OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA (Ediacaran Period) 3. FULL TITLE OF PROJECT THE RISE AND FALL OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA: PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL, PALAEOCLIMATIC AND PLATE TECTONIC CONTROLS ON THE PRESERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY OF THE VENDIAN BIOTA WITH A COMPARISON OF GONDWANA AND NORTHERN ASSEMBLAGES 4. PROJECT LEADERS: Prof. Mihkhail Fedonkin (Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia) [email protected] Prof. Patricia Vickers-Rich (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne,, Victoria, Australia) [email protected] Dr Jim Gehling (South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia ) [email protected] [email protected] PROJECT ASSOCIATES Argentina Dr Guillermo Acenolaza (Universidad de Tucuman, Tucuman) [email protected] Dr Florencio Acenolaza (Universidad de Tucuman, Tucuman) [email protected] Australia Dr Steve Beresford (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria) Dr Frank Bierlein (Tectonics Special Research Centre, The University of Western Australia) [email protected] Dr Ian Cartwright (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria) [email protected] Prof. Ray Cas (School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria) [email protected] Dr Andrew Constantine, Origin Energy, 339 Coronation Drive, Milton, Queensland ) [email protected] Dr Kathleen Grey, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Industry and Resources, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, Western Australia) [email protected] Dr Richard Jenkins (South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia) [email protected] Dr N. -
The Fossil Record of the Cambrian “Explosion”: Resolving the Tree of Life Critics As Posing Challenges to Evolution
Article The Fossil Record of the Cambrian “Explosion”: 1 Resolving the Tree of Life Keith B. Miller Keith B. Miller The Cambrian “explosion” has been the focus of extensive scientifi c study, discussion, and debate for decades. It has also received considerable attention by evolution critics as posing challenges to evolution. In the last number of years, fossil discoveries from around the world, and particularly in China, have enabled the reconstruction of many of the deep branches within the invertebrate animal tree of life. Fossils representing “sister groups” and “stem groups” for living phyla have been recognized within the latest Precambrian (Neoproterozoic) and Cambrian. Important transitional steps between living phyla and their common ancestors are preserved. These include the rise of mollusks from their common ancestor with the annelids, the evolution of arthropods from lobopods and priapulid worms, the likely evolution of brachiopods from tommotiids, and the rise of chordates and echinoderms from early deuterostomes. With continued new discoveries, the early evolutionary record of the animal phyla is becoming ever better resolved. The tree of life as a model for the diversifi cation of life over time remains robust, and strongly supported by the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian fossil record. he most fundamental claim of bio- (such as snails, crabs, or sea urchins) as it logical evolution is that all living does to the fi rst appearance and diversi- T organisms represent the outer tips fi cation of dinosaurs, birds, or mammals. of a diversifying, upward- branching tree This early diversifi cation of invertebrates of life. The “Tree of Life” is an extreme- apparently occurred around the time of ly powerful metaphor that captures the the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary over essence of evolution. -
Decoding the Fossil Record of Early Lophophorates
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1284 Decoding the fossil record of early lophophorates Systematics and phylogeny of problematic Cambrian Lophotrochozoa AODHÁN D. BUTLER ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9327-1 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261907 2015 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Hambergsalen, Geocentrum, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Friday, 23 October 2015 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Maggie Cusack (School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow). Abstract Butler, A. D. 2015. Decoding the fossil record of early lophophorates. Systematics and phylogeny of problematic Cambrian Lophotrochozoa. (De tidigaste fossila lofoforaterna. Problematiska kambriska lofotrochozoers systematik och fylogeni). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1284. 65 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9327-1. The evolutionary origins of animal phyla are intimately linked with the Cambrian explosion, a period of radical ecological and evolutionary innovation that begins approximately 540 Mya and continues for some 20 million years, during which most major animal groups appear. Lophotrochozoa, a major group of protostome animals that includes molluscs, annelids and brachiopods, represent a significant component of the oldest known fossil records of biomineralised animals, as disclosed by the enigmatic ‘small shelly fossil’ faunas of the early Cambrian. Determining the affinities of these scleritome taxa is highly informative for examining Cambrian evolutionary patterns, since many are supposed stem- group Lophotrochozoa. The main focus of this thesis pertained to the stem-group of the Brachiopoda, a highly diverse and important clade of suspension feeding animals in the Palaeozoic era, which are still extant but with only with a fraction of past diversity. -
New Finds of Skeletal Fossils in the Terminal Neoproterozoic of the Siberian Platform and Spain
New finds of skeletal fossils in the terminal Neoproterozoic of the Siberian Platform and Spain ANDREY YU. ZHURAVLEV, ELADIO LIÑÁN, JOSÉ ANTONIO GÁMEZ VINTANED, FRANÇOISE DEBRENNE, and ALEKSANDR B. FEDOROV Zhuravlev, A.Yu., Liñán, E., Gámez Vintaned, J.A., Debrenne, F., and Fedorov, A.B. 2012. New finds of skeletal fossils in the terminal Neoproterozoic of the Siberian Platform and Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (1): 205–224. A current paradigm accepts the presence of weakly biomineralized animals only, barely above a low metazoan grade of or− ganization in the terminal Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran), and a later, early Cambrian burst of well skeletonized animals. Here we report new assemblages of primarily calcareous shelly fossils from upper Ediacaran (553–542 Ma) carbonates of Spain and Russia (Siberian Platform). The problematic organism Cloudina is found in the Yudoma Group of the southeastern Si− berian Platform and different skeletal taxa have been discovered in the terminal Neoproterozoic of several provinces of Spain. New data on the morphology and microstructure of Ediacaran skeletal fossils Cloudina and Namacalathus indicate that the Neoproterozoic skeletal organisms were already reasonably advanced. In total, at least 15 skeletal metazoan genera are recorded worldwide within this interval. This number is comparable with that known for the basal early Cambrian. These data reveal that the terminal Neoproterozoic skeletal bloom was a real precursor of the Cambrian radiation. Cloudina,the oldest animal with a mineralised skeleton on the Siberian Platform, characterises the uppermost Ediacaran strata of the Ust’−Yudoma Formation. While in Siberia Cloudina co−occurs with small skeletal fossils of Cambrian aspect, in Spain Cloudina−bearing carbonates and other Ediacaran skeletal fossils alternate with strata containing rich terminal Neoprotero− zoic trace fossil assemblages. -
International Geoscience Programme IGCP National Committee of the Federal Republic of Germany
International Geoscience Programme IGCP National Committee of the Federal Republic of Germany Annual Report 2015 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMME (IGCP) National Committee of the Federal Republic of Germany Chairman/Secretary: Dr. Peter Königshof Senckenberg - Research Institut and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/M. Phone.: 0049 (69) 97075-1686 Fax: 0049 (69) 97075-1120 E-Mail: [email protected] Annual Report 2015 Report of the IGCP National Committee of the Federal Republic of Germany Dr. Königshof welcomed the participants to the 43nd session of the IGCP National Committee of the Federal Republic of Germany. He conveyed the regrets of those participants for not beeing able to take part in this meeting. As in the past years this meeting is organized as a joint meeting of different National Committees (IUGS, IGCP and NKGG) in order to foster better communication and scientific exchange. This construction works in a perfect way and insures a reliable and continuous flow of information. The meeting took place on November 5th – 2015 in Frankfurt (Senckenberg - Research Institute and Natural History Museum). IGCP / Geopark The report will concentrate on IUGS / IGCP related activities. Also other reports were given by members of IUGS and NKGG. A short report was given on the state of the art of the National Geopark Activities. As a result of long-lasting discussions it was suggested to bring IGCP and Global Geopark activities together under a new International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme. This new IGGP would have two distinct and mostly separate activities – the geoscience research projects (i.e. the existing IGCP projects) and the UNESCO Global Geopark. -
Field Workshop on the Ediacaran Nama Group of Southern Namibia
1 2 3 Field Workshop on the Ediacaran Nama Group of southern Namibia 4 21–25 August 2016, Windhoek to Fish River Canyon, Southern Namibia 5 Among all established geological periods, the Ediacaran Period is the longest, lasting from 6 635 Ma to 541 Ma. It is within this 94 million years of geological history that the Earth had 7 transformed from a world dominated by microbes to one increasingly influenced by animal 8 activities. Important evolutionary innovations occurred in the Ediacaran Period, including the 9 rise of macroscopic animals, complex ecological interactions, and metazoan biomineralization. 10 Resolving the causes and consequences of these biological innovations is a major focus of recent 11 geobiological investigation. However, without a solid geological time framework, Ediacaran 12 workers are facing significant challenges to assemble the pieces of the puzzle from different 13 parts of the world. To develop a better understanding of Ediacaran time and life, a group of 25 14 geologists, geochemists, sedimentologists, and paleontologists gathered together to examine the 15 terminal Ediacaran Nama Group at a field workshop sponsored by IGCP 587 “Identity, Facies 16 and Time: The Ediacaran (Vendian) Puzzle” and the ICS Subcommission on Ediacaran 17 Stratigraphy. 18 The terminal Ediacaran Nama Group near Aus, southern Namibia, holds a special place in 19 the history of Ediacaran paleontology. Some of the earliest complex Ediacara fossils were first 20 reported from the Nama Group (Gürich, 1929; Fedonkin et al., 2007; Xiao, 2008). This 21 succession contains important geological information about the Shuram carbon isotope excursion 22 (potentially the greatest C-isotope excursion in Earth history), the expansion of animal 23 bioturbation, the rise of animal skeletonization and biomineralization, and the decline and final 24 demise of the Ediacara biota. -
Cloudina-Corumbella-Namacalathus
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317137259 Cloudina - Corumbella - Namacalathus association from the Itapucumi Group, Paraguay: increasing ecosystem complexity an.... Article in Precambrian Research · May 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2017.05.003 CITATION READS 1 391 9 authors, including: Lucas Veríssimo Warren Fernanda Quaglio São Paulo State University Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) 63 PUBLICATIONS 307 CITATIONS 24 PUBLICATIONS 118 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Marcello Guimaraes Simoes Claudio Riccomini São Paulo State University University of São Paulo 182 PUBLICATIONS 1,667 CITATIONS 192 PUBLICATIONS 2,750 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Quantitative approaches for big river deposits: integrated field geology and 3D photogrammetric models View project Non-Mississippian paleontology research View project All content following this page was uploaded by Daniel G. Poiré on 06 January 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Precambrian Research 298 (2017) 79–87 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Precambrian Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/precamres Cloudina-Corumbella-Namacalathus association from the Itapucumi Group, Paraguay: Increasing ecosystem complexity and tiering at the end of the Ediacaran ⇑ Lucas Veríssimo Warren a, , Fernanda Quaglio b, Marcello Guimarães Simões c, Claudio Gaucher d, Claudio Riccomini -
Russian National Committee for Igcp Annual Report On
RUSSIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR IGCP ANNUAL REPORT ON IGCP-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2010 This report is on Russian activities during 2010 on the IGCP projects in which the Russia is participating. Chairman: Prof. Mikhail A. Fedonkin Russian National Committee for IGCP GIN RAS, Pyzhevsky, 7 119017 Moscow, Russia Tel: + 7 495 951-75-00/ 8 499 953 37 91 Fax: +7 495 953 37 64 E- mail: [email protected] The current Committee’s membership comprises twenty four members including the following Bureau members: Mikhail A. Fedonkin (Chairman, Geological Institute, GIN RAS); Igor D. Ryabchikov (Vice Chairman, Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, IGEM RAS); Galina V. Knoroz (Executive Secretary, Geological Institute, GIN RAS); Oleg A. Bogatikov (Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry , IGEM RAS); Eric M. Galimov (V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry , GEOKHI RAS ); Alexander O. Gliko (Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS); Yury G. Leonov (Geological Institute, GIN RAS); Felix P. Mitrofanov (Institute of Geology Kola SC RAS). Projects led by Russian scientists: Project 514 Fluvial Palaeosystems: Evolution and Mineral Deposits (2005-2009,OET) A. Duk-Rodkin, Canada; Baohong Hou, Australia; Li Ziyang, China; Vladimir Dolgopolov, Kazakhstan, N. Patyk-Kara, Russia (leader of the project, passed away in October 2008). A.V.Lalomov, Russia (co-leader of the project during 2009-2010). Project 587 Entity, Faces and Time – the Ediacarian (Vendian) Puzzle.(2020-2014) Mikhail Fedonkin, Russia; Patricia Vickers-Rich, Australia; Jim Gehling, Australia; Guy Narbonne, Canada. Projects with Russian co-leaders: Project 540 Gold-bearing hydrothermal fluids of orogenic deposits (2007-2011).