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8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector édition princeps foundation edition DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000 THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012 published online & updated from November 2012 This geosector covers 121 sets of languages (= 415 outer languages, comprising 964 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by traditional "Amerindian" communities across South America and southern Meso-America (since before the arrival of speakers of Indo-European languages, principally [51=] Español and Português, but also [51=] Français and [52=] English and Nederlands). 13 sets are treated within three phylozones, 80=, 82= and 88=, while the remaining 110 sets are classified geographically within seven geozones. Geozone 81= covers languages spoken by communities in southern Meso- America and parts of northern South America, and the geozones 83=, 84= and 85=, in geographic sequence, cover languages spoken by communities in the Andean regions, southward as far as Tierra del Fuego. Geozones 86=, 87= and 89= cover languages spoken by communities in the Mato Grosso, in the Amazon Basin and in northeastern Brazil. 80= CARIBIC phylozone 81= INTER-OCEAN geozone 82= ARAWAKIC phylozone 83= PRE-ANDES geozone 84= ANDES geozone 85= CHACO-CONE geozone 86= MATO-GROSSO geozone 87= AMAZON geozone 88= TUPIC phylozone 89= BAHIA geozone In spelling the reference-names of languages spoken in areas where [51=] Español is in general use, the usages of the letters /c/ or /qu/ are normally preferred to use of the letter /k/, and the usage of /ch/ to the use of /sh/. In areas where [51=] Português is in general use, the usage of the letter /x/ is preferred to use of /sh/. Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One Les données supplémentaires ou améliorées sur les langues Additional or improved data on languages and et communautés traitées sous ce secteur seront accueillies communities covered by this sector will ici : ré[email protected] be welcomed here : [email protected] COLUMN 1 & 2 COLUMN 3 COLUMNS 4 & 5 layers of reference other nomenclature and notes nation-states scale of codes and reference-names (+ provinces) and speakers 80= CARIBIC covers the "wider Carib", "Cariban" or Yucpa+ Bakairi set; Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana; 4 comprising 1 set of languages (= 37 outer languages) spoken Guyana; Surinam; Venezuela; phylozone by widely scattered communities in northern South America, formerly also on Caribbean islands (most recently, Trinidad & Tobago) and formerly on islands of the Caribbean: 80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI 80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI CARIBAN, "wider" carib comprising widely scattered languages, set classified within 11 chains ; largely submerged < [51=] Español, [51=] Português or [52=] English 80-AA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA yukpa chain 80-AAA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA net 80-AAA-a Yucpa yuko, yukpa, yupa, shaparu, chake, "carib" motilón, motilón-N. Colombia (Magdalena; Guajira); 3 #motilón, motilón in [51=] Español = «hairless» Sierra de Perijá also Venezuela (Zulia) mountains 80-AAA-aa 'césar' César upper valley Colombia.… 80-AAA-ab codazzi codozzi Augustín Codazzi Colombia.… 80-AAA-ac maracas Colombia.… 80-AAA-ad iroka Colombia.… 80-AAA-b Yaprería northern Sierra de Perijá mountains Venezuela (Zulia) 1 80-AAA-ba yaprería japrería, manso* (Zulia) 1 80-AAA-c Coyaima* ¶extinct for several generations Colombia (Tolima) 0 80-AAA-ca coyaima (Tolima) 0 page 570 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition 80-AB OPÓN+ CARARE karare X chain 80-ABA OPÓN+ CARARE net X 80-ABA-a Opón+ Carare Magdalena tributaries Colombia (Santander) 0 80-ABA-aa opón opone Opone river (Santander) 80-ABA-ab carare Carare river (Santander) 0 80-AC CARINYA chain GALIBI, carib "proper" 80-ACA CARINYA net 80-ACA-a Carinya karinya, kari'nya, kalinya, kariña, carinña, cariña, galibí, carib, caribe, Venezuela; Guyana; Surinam; 4 kribisi, caraiben, caribice, caribisce, caribisi, cariniaco geographically French Guiana; Brazil (Amapá) fragmented 80-ACA-aa carinya-W. murato, myrato, marato, maraworno, marworno Orinoco lower valley: Venezuela (Sucre; Monagas; 4 Ciudad Bolívar environs… (formerly) Sucre mountains Nuria plateau Anzoátegui; Bolívar); Guyana Barima valley… Barama valley (Essequibo) 80-ACA-aaa chayma chaima, sayma, warapiche, guaga-tagare Venezuela… 80-ACA-aab tabajari Venezuela… 80-ACA-aac abarima+ barama (Essequibo) 80-ACA-ab carib-C. submerged < [52=] Sranan Coppename lower valley Surinam (Saramacca) 3 80-ACA-ac carib-E. tyrewuju Surinam (Marowijne); French 3 Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne); Brazil (Amapá) 80-ACA-aca maroni-N. "lower" maroni Marowijne, Maroni lower valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni) 80-ACA-acb maroni-S. "upper" maroni Marowijne, Maroni upper valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni) 80-ACA-acc approuague Approuague valley (Cayenne) 80-ACA-acd oyapuck Oyapuck, Oiapoque valley (Cayenne; Amapá) 80-ACA-ace uacá in [51=] Português: galibí do Uacá Uacá valley (Amapá) 80-AD E'NYAPA chain PANARE 80-ADA E'NYAPA net 80-ADA-a E'nyapa Cuchivero river Venezuela (Bolívar) 3 80-ADA-aa e'nyapa panare, panari, eye, abira (Bolívar) 3 80-AE MAPOYO+ WAYÂNA mapoyo+ makiritari chain 80-AEA MAPOYO+ "middle" orinoco ¶spoken by decimated and dispersed riverine groups YABARANA net 80-AEA-a Mapoyo+ Wanai ¶nearly extinct in 1970's Apure river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1 80-AEA-aa mapoyo mapayo, mapoye, mapoi, nepoye (Amazonas) 80-AEA-ab wanai (Amazonas) 80-AEA-b Yabarana+ Wokiare Manapire river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1 80-AEA-ba yabarana yavarana, yauarana (Amazonas) 80-AEA-bb curasicana (Amazonas) 80-AEA-bc wokiare uaiquiare, guayqueri (Amazonas) 80-AEB MAQUIRITARI+ WAYUMARÁ net 80-AEB-a Maquiritari makiritari, maquiritare, maquiritai, makiritare, ye'cuana Orinoco Venezuela (Bolívar; Amazonas); 3 tributaries: Paragua middle river… Padamo river also Brazil (Roraima) 80-AEB-aa maquiritari-A. maquiritari "proper" Venezuela… 80-AEB-ab ye'cuana yekuana, maiongong, mayongong Venezuela… 80-AEB-ac de'cuana wainungomo Venezuela… 80-AEB-ad cunuana Venezuela… 80-AEB-ae pawana Venezuela… 80-AEB-af soto Venezuela… 80-AEB-ag ihuruana Venezuela… 80-AEB-ah maitsi Venezuela… 80-AEB-b Wayumará Brazil (Roraima) 0* 80-AEB-ba wayumará wajumará, uaimare, guimara (Roraima) 0* 80-AEC TIVERICOTO+ YAO X net 80-AEC-a Tivericoto Venezuela (Monagas) 0 80-AEC-aa tivericoto tiverikoto ¶extinct (Monagas) 0 80-AEC-b Yao Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0 80-AEC-ba yao ¶extinct Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0 80-AED WAYÂNA+ GUAYANA URUCENA net 80-AED-a Wayâna+ Urucena wayana Maroni river… Tapanahoni upper river… across Surinam (Marowijne); French 3 Tumucumaque highlands… Paru+ Jari upper rivers Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni); Brazil (Pará; Amapá) 80-AED-aa wayâna oayana, wajana, wayana "proper", guayana "proper", uaiana, oiana, (Marowijne); (St.Laurent du oyana Maroni); (Pará; Amapá) 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 571 80-AED-ab rucuyen roucouyene, roucouyenne (Marowijne)… 80-AED-ac urucena urucuiana, urukuyana, alukuyana (Marowijne)… 80-AED-ad upurui (Marowijne)… 80-AF YAWAPERÍ+ MAKUXÍ chain 80-AFA MAKUXÍ+ ARECUNA net 80-AFA-a Makuxí Pacaraima highlands Venezuela (Bolívar); Brazil 3 (Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo) 80-AFA-aa makuxí makushi, macusi, macussi, teweya, teueia (Bolívar); (Roraima); (Essequibo) 80-AFA-b Arecuna+ Taulipang Pemón, pemong Gran Sabana… Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil 3 (Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo) 80-AFA-ba are-cuna ari-cuna, are-kuna, jari-cuna, pemong "proper" (Bolivár); (Essequibo) 3 80-AFA-bb taulipang taurepan, taurepâ (Roraima) 2 80-AFA-bc camara-coto camara-cota, kamaraga-kok (Bolivár)… 80-AFA-bd dai-gok (Bolivár)… 80-AFA-be potsawu-gok pishau-co (Bolivár)… 80-AFA-c Acawayo+ Capón, kapong Guyana (Essequibo); also 3* Patamona Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil (Roraima) 80-AFA-ca acawayo akawaio, acewaio, akawai, acahuayo, waicá (Essequibo); (Bolivár); (Roraima) 3 80-AFA-cb patamona in [80=] Macushi: 'ingari-kó', 'ingari-có', 'ingari-kí', 'ingari-cí' (=«bush- (Essequibo) 3 community») 80-AFA-cc erema-gok* (Essequibo) 80-AFA-d Purucoto Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil 0* (Roraima) 80-AFA-da puru-coto i-puri-coto, puri-coto, poro-coto, uru-coto (Bolivár); (Roraima) 0* 80-AFB SAPARÁ+ X PAUXIANA net 80-AFB-a Sapará Brazil (Roraima) 0* 80-AFB-aa sapará (Roraima) 0* 80-AFB-b Pauxiana+ Brazil (Roraima) 0* Paravilhana 80-AFB-ba pauxiana pawixiana, paushiana, pawishiana, pauchiana, pauchi, pauxi-W. (Roraima) 0* 80-AFB-bb paravilhana paravilyana ; perhaps transition < [80=] Waiwai+ Hishkaryana (Roraima) 0 80-AFC YAWAPERÍ+ BOANARÍ net 80-AFC-a Boanarí Brazil (Amazonas) 0 80-AFC-aa boanarí bonarí (Amazonas) 0 80-AFC-b Yawaperí+ Waimirí Brazil (Amazonas; Roraima) 3* 80-AFC-ba atruahí atroaí, atroarí, atrowari, atroahy Brazil 80-AFC-bb ki'nya Brazil 80-AFC-bc waimirí uaimirí, wahmirí Brazil 80-AFC-bd yawaperí yawaperí "proper", yauaperi, yauapery, jauaperí, jawaperí Jauaperí Brazil river 80-AFC-be crixana crishana Brazil 80-AFC-bf piriutite Brazil 80-AFC-bg tiquiría Brazil 80-AG APALAÍ chain 80-AGA APALAÍ net 80-AGA-a Apalaí Brazil (Pará) 2 80-AGA-aa apalaí aparai, apalay (Pará) 2 80-AH TIRIYÓ+ WAIWAI chain 80-AHA TIRIYÓ+ CARIHONA net 80-AHA-a Carihona karijona, karihona, tsahá Vaupés valley… Caqueta valley Colombia (Vaupés; Caqueta; 2 Amazonas) 80-AHA-aa carihona-'vaupés' Vaupés upper valley (Vaupés) 80-AHA-ab jianá-coto hianá-coto, omagua, hianacoto-umaua, umaua, umawa Vaupés (Vaupés)
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