JANUARY 17, 1975 25 CENTS VOLUME 39/NUMBER 1

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

• OCia

• wor I Launch '76 presidential drive By WENDY LYONS Chicago in the April elections there. Both CIA are fighting each other over who can ST. LOUIS- American working people will Camejo and Reid are 35 years old. best violate our constitutional rights. have an alternative in the 1976 presidential The news conference announcing the cam­ ''Working people must have guarantees for campaign. On Dec. 27 here, the Socialist paign was held at the Jefferson Hotel, the site a decent life. They want protection now from Workers Party announced its slate of Peter of the Young Socialist Alliance national con­ the growing crisis. Our party proposes a Camejo for president and Willie Mae Reid for vention. Appearing with the candidates were: Bill of Rights for working people.... We vice-president. The socialist candidates will Douglas Jenness, the national campaign man­ propose expanding the Bill of Rights in the campaign for the adoption of a Bill of Rights ager; Nan Bailey, campaign youth director; Constitution to include protection from the for working people. and Barbara Mutnick, SWP candidate for new problems created by present-day capital­ Camejo has been a leader of the antiwar U.S. Senate from Missouri in 1974. ist society." movement and of struggles against racism. "Nearly 200 years after winning indepen­ During the mid-1960s, while he was leading dence, America faces a growing crisis," said The proposed Bill of Rights includes the mass student protests in Berkeley, Calif., Ron­ Camejo. "There is mass unemployment and following: ald Reagan denounced him as ". . . involved soaring prices. Pollution is destroying our en­ • Right to a job in every large-scale demonstration." vironment. Lynch mobs roam the streets of e Right to an adequate income Reid, a Black community organizer, is also South Boston. We continue to be threatened • Right to free education running against "Boss" Daley for mayor of by the outbreak of new wars. The FBI and Continued on page 13

Young Socialist Alliance maps fight against

1,000 young people at YSA convention in St. Louis adopt Boston racists adion program for 1975. See pages 3-7. In Brief THIS INDIANS OCCUPY WISCONSIN SITE: On New Year's days after LaFranque's acquittal, charges against eight WEEK'S Day about 45 men, women, and children of the Meno­ other Attica Brothers were dismissed at the request of minee people, calling themselves the Menominee Warrior the prosecution. MILITANT Society, occuped an abandoned Roman Catholic novitiate After more than two years the prosecution has decided in Wisconsin. The Menominees demanded that the novi­ that there was a "lack of sufficient evidence" for the 3 YSA outlines strategy for tiate be turned over for use as a hospital to the nearby charges. Of the eight who had charges dropped against 1975 Menominee reservation. them, six face no further charges in connection with the 5 YSA message to FBI: In response, police blocked off the novitiate, refused to uprising. 'Our fight continues' allow food into the area, turned off all heat and power, In all, 62 Attica prisoners were indicted on charges 6 YSA maps campaign to and closed off the site to reporters. in connection with the rebellion there. However, not one Shawano County, where the Menominee reservation is guard or policeman-let alone any of their superiors­ defend desegregation in located, has the lowest average income and worst health has ever been charged for unleashing the murderous hail Boston record in Wisconsin. The nearest hospital to the Menomi­ of shotgun and automatic weapons fire that left 43 men 7 Students call antiracist nees is 10 miles away, and Indians seeking treatment there dead. conference are frequently refused admission or given inadequate care. 8 Kissinger escalates Mid­ On Jan. 6 Wisconsin Governor Patrick Lucey ordered a BLACKS PROTEST RACIST HIRING PRACTICES: Af­ east war threat National Guard batallion to take over from the local ter six years of "affirmative action" at the University of police. Supporters of the Menominees have voiced their Washington ( UW) in Seattle, Blacks make up less than 9 Jan. 15 rallies to. demand fear of another Attica, and demonstrations in solidarity one-half of 1 percent of the tenured faculty there. Of the jobs with the Menominee people have taken place in Madison nearly 2, 000 UW faculty, only 67 are Black. And ap­ 14 Speeches at SWP cam­ and Milwaukee. parently the university intends to see that things stay that paign rally As one Menominee activist told The Mllitant, "This way. 16 Biographies of socialist action will bring the plight of the Menominee people to Nationally known jazz musician Joe Brazil was informed the attention of the entire country." by the university at the beginning of December that he candidates would not be rehired after June 1976. Brazil has been 17 Vladivostok pact no brake THE 'RING OF TRUTH': In 1967 Rubin "Hurricane" with the university since 1965 and has taught jazz-re­ on arms race Carter and John Artis were convicted of killing three lated courses since 1969. 18 Union exposes oil-trust whites in a Paterson, N.J., bar. Their trial took place Don Seawell, a Black assistant professor of law at the lies during an upsurge in the Black struggle and a period University of Washington, was also denied tenure. In a 19 How nursing-home racket of ghetto rebellions, and Carter was known as an activist Dec. 16 news conference, Brazil and Seawell appeared in the Black movement. works with Eddie Rye, the president of the Washington State This fall New York Times reporter Selwyn Raab inter­ Conference on Black Education and Economics, to pro­ 21 California Chicanos fight viewed the two witnesses who claimed to have seen Artis test the UW's racist policies. The UW Black Student Union 'illegal alien' scare and Carter at the scene of the killings. Both, indepen­ has also condemned the firings. 24 Ford CIA panel plans dently of each other and without knowing the action of new cover-up the other, recanted their testimony and charged that they DETENTE & DISSENT IN THE USSR: An article by had been pressured into lying on the witness stand by dissident Soviet historian Roy Medvedev and a reply by police. Further investigation by Raab disclosed that George Novack are featured in the Dec. 9 and 16 issues In Brief 2 false testimony had also been used to "prove" that a of Intercontinental Press, a weekly Marxist review of world 10 In Our Opinion .32-caliber bullet had been found in Carter's car shortly politics. Leffers after the murders. Medvedev, author of the only major study of Stalinism 11 By Any Means Neces­ On Dec. 10, however, Judge Samuel Larner, who pre­ by a Soviet citizen since the 1930s, ha,s been in the fore­ sided over the original trial, ruled that the repudiation sary front of the fight for democratic rights in the USSR. His of their testimony by the _prosecution witnesses lacked criticism of the right-wing views elaborated by promi­ National Picket Line the "ring of truth." Carter and Artis are appealing once nent dissidents such as Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov is 12 The Great Society again for hearings that could lead to a new trial to be particularly important because of that. Women in Revolt reopened. In the meantime, both men continue to serve Medvedev's article, "Problems of Democratization and La Raza en Accion life sentences. Detente," explains his view of the diplomatic rapproche­ 20 In Review ment between Washington and Moscow, its effects on So­ DEATH AND TAXES: They used to say that the two viet domestic policies, and the road forward for the move­ things nobody could escape were death and taxes, but like ment for democratic rights inside the USSR. WORLD OUTLOOK many old saws you have to take this with a grain of Novack takes issue with Medvedev's support for the 1 1974: Year of big slump salt. If you're part of a family of four with an annual policy of detente and his reliance on a section of the Stal­ 3 Sri Lanka rebel leader income of $12,000, then the chances are that you'll pay inist bureaucracy in the struggle for democratization, while sentenced to life impris­ slightly more than 1 0 percent of that income in federal making clear his ·admiration for Medvedev's courage and income tax alone. On the other hand, if you happen to onment his support for Medvedev's fight for socialist democracy. have your money in Consolidated Edison of New York, To receive these articles send $1 to Intercontinental American testifies on tor­ 4 you can watch $203.3-million in profits come rolling Press, P.O. Box 116, Village Station, New York, N.Y. ture in Chile in and pay nothing in taxes. 10014. -DAVE FRANKEL According to a study released last month by Repre­ sentative Charles Vanik (D-Ohio ), 10 U.S. corporations, with total earnings of almost $1-billion in 1973, paid no federal income taxes. Another 20 corporations, with earn­ ings totaling $5.3-billion, paid less than 10 percent in YOUR FIRST income taxes. In fact, 12 of them paid 5 percent or less. THE MILITANT Eight of the 30 corporations on Vanik's list were oil ISSUE? companies. Others included Rockefeller's Chase Manhat­ VOLUME 39/NUMBER 1 tan Bank, which had a tax rate of 2.5 percent; Kenne­ JANUARY 17, 1975 cott Copper, whose 0.4 percent tax rate wasn't even suf­ CLOSING NEWS DATE-JAN. 8, 1975 ficient to pay for the coup that gave it back its Chilean SUBSCRIBE Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS copper mines; and International Harvester, with a stag­ Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN gering tax burden of 0.05 percent. TO THE Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING

Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 'THE STATE WAS LOOKING FOR SCAPEGOATS': 14 Charles Lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: That was one juror's conclusion after hearing the evidence MILITANT Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) against Attica Brother Vernon LaFranque. 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 S. Westlake Ave., Other jurors agreed: they took less than half an hour Revelations of CIA spying on the antiwar and civil rights Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Telephone: (213) 483-2798. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes to acquit LaFranque on charges of possessing a tear­ movements have been met with the standard White House of address should be addressed to The Militant Business gas gun during the early hours of the Attica prison re­ response: cover-up. But the truth is leaking out anyway. Office, 14 Charles Lone, New York, N. V. 10014. bellion in September 1971. The Militant will bring you all the news- and the facts Second-doss postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ LaFranque's acquittal Dec. 19 came as the first ver­ behind the news. Don't miss an issue-subscribe today. scriptions: domestic, $7.50 a year; foreign, SII.OO. dict in the Attica frame-up cases. During the trial it be­ By first-doss mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, came clear to the jury that a frame-up had indeed been $32; all other countries, $53. By airmail: domestic, IntrOductory Ollar-81/2 m•hs Canada, and Mexic.., $42. By air printed matter: Cen­ concocted. A crucial document from the prosecutor's file tral America and Caribbean, $40; Mediterranean Af­ had been "lost," police investigators had failed to keep ( ) $1 for two months of The Militant. rica, Europe, and South America, $52; USSR, Asia, ' notes of interviews with witnesses, and witnesses had re­ ( ) $2 for two months of The Militant and three months Pacific, and Africa, $62. Write for foreign sealed air of the International Socialist Review. postage rates. peatedly changed their stories before the trial. Jurors described the state's case, which rested on the ( ) $7.50 for one year of The Militant. For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then ( ) New ( ) Renewal posted from London directly to Britain, Ireland, and testimony of an informer and two prison employees, as Continental Europe: LI for eight issues, L2.50 for six "bankrupt," "trumped up," "a bunch of hashed up little months, L5 for one year. Send banker's draft or In­ stories," and "full of holes from the start." ADDRESSNAME------______ternational postal order (payable to Pathfinder Press) to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, London, SE I 8LL, CITY ______STATE ------ZIP----- 'LACK OF SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE': Apparently the England. Inquire for air rates from London at the 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. same address. victory of Attica Brother Vernon LaFranque had a sober­ Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily ing effect on the prosecutor's office. On Dec. 23, only four represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in edi Iorio Is.

2 YSA CONVENTION Young Socialist Alliance outlines strategy for action in year ahead By ANDY ROSE ST. LOUIS- The fourteenth national convention of the Young Socialist Al­ liance, which Il_let here Dec. 28-Jan. 1, signaled a major turning point for the YSA. The delegates voted unanimously to throw the YSA's forces into a nation­ wide campaign against the racist at­ tempts to block school desegregation in Boston. A determined fight to defend the rights of Black youth to an equal education, YSA leaders asserted, has the potential to galvanize the student movement. It can initiate a dynamic new civil rights movement of the 1970s,-whose logic will point toward challenging the very foundation of racism: the capitalist system itself. Reports from the YSA national exec­ utive committee, presented by Malik l\1iah and Maceo Dixon, examined the political issues at stake in Boston and evaluated last month's student teach­ in and Dec. 14 freedom march. (See story on page 6.) A second major theme that charac­ terized the convention was the launch­ ing of the 1976 Socialist Workers. Par­ ty campaign of Peter Camejo for presi­ Delegates voted all-out fight against Boston racists, ambitious campaign for dent and Willie Mae Reid for vice­ president. Reporting on the 1976 campaign, paign activities, to work with the YSA pants felt the fight had done a lot ces of the colonial revolution. YSA National Secretary Rich Finkel around Boston and other issues, and to expose the illegal repressive actions Beset by these problems, he said, said, "Audacity and innovation have to become members of the YSA." of the government, and laid the basis especially by their inability to mili­ to be our watchwords as we set out to for winning even broader support for tarily crush the Vietnamese revolution, campaign for the SWP ticket. We are YSA vs. FBI civil liberties in the future. the imperialists turned toward the pol­ in a position to reach tens of millions Another element in the excitement icy of detente with the privileged bu­ of working people with our socialist and enthusiasm that pervaded the con­ International perspective reaucrats who rule in Moscow and answers to the burning problems of vention sessions was • the YSA's con­ Internationalism was a hallmark of Peking. the day." frontation with the FBI. the YSA convention. The first point Both the imperialists and the Stalin­ Finkel said that the current political In the weeks before the convention, on the agenda was a report on the ist bureaucrats lie when they claim the climate- dominated by economic cri­ news media throughout the country world political situation, given by out­ detente will guarantee peace, Pulley sis, the threat of war, distrust of the and especially in St. Louis followed going national chairperson Andrew said, because "the fundamental pur­ government, and disillusionment with the YSA's court battle to bar FBI Pulley. pose of detente is to block the only the capitalist parties- is making the surveillance of the convention. "The perspective for world capital­ real way to achieve peace, which is socialist alternative more attractive The FBI won an eleventh-hour delay ism in the immediate future is ex­ through the world socialist revolu­ than ever to young people. in complying with a court order tremely gloomy," Pulley stated. He tion." 'We want to go on an aggressive against its surveillance, pending a de­ pointed to the deepening economic cri­ The main "accomplishment" of de­ drive," he said, "to get all the young cision on the entire suit filed by the sis; instability of capitalist govern­ tente to date, Pulley pointed out, has people who are attracted to this cam­ YSA and SWP against government ha­ ments, notably the fall in 1974 of the been the preservation of the Thieu paign to join us in selling the Young rassment (see story on page 5). dictatorships in Portugal and Greece; dictatorship in South Vietnam, ensur- Socialist newspaper, to help in cam- Nevertheless, convention partici- rising workers' struggles; and adv an- Continued on next page 1,000 revolutionaries attend gathering ST. LOUIS-"Jefferson Hotel?" asked resentation ever at a YSA convention. on Friday night, Dec. 27. They called in their car at midnight and drove the driver of the bus in from the air­ Six hundred of those present were St. Louis to find out where the con­ all night to arrive at the convention port. "You must be going to the so­ YSA members. Two hundred sixty be­ vention was meeting, arranged for on Saturday. Both have since decided cialist meeting." longed to neither the YSA nor the So­ someone to feed their animals, hopped to join the YSA. - A.R. "There's been a lot of people com­ cialist Workers Party- although 29 ing in from all over for that," he added. of them decided to join the YSA dur­ "I saw in the paper where the FBI ing the course of the convention. wants to have surveillance at their About half of those attending were convention, and the socialists are try­ students, who came from 115 different ing to stop them." colleges and universities and 12 high And the bus driver proceeded to schools. bring the Militant reporter up to date Members of 46 different unions were on the latest court developments. also present. The largest representa­ People indeed came in from all over. tions came from the American Fed­ The 1,031 people who registered for eration of State, County and Munici­ the convention came from 38 states pal Employees and the Teamsters. and the District of Columbia: from Not only the St. Louis airport bus Alaska to Alabama and from Ver­ driver but many others as well heard mont to Utah. The largest delega­ about the convention from the news tions came from Missouri, 155; New media, and some of them decided at York, 144; California, 1 02; and il­ the last minute to attend. linois, 95. Two people living on a farm near Young Socialist Alliance leaders be­ Lexington, Va., heard a radio news lieve it was the widest geographic rep- broadcast about the YSA convention

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 3 ...strategy discussed for action in 1975 Continued from preceding page activists continued to provide the back­ ing continued war there. bone of movements to defend the op­ As Washington aggressively presses pressed and exploited - from the toward another war in the Middle struggle in Boston to the farm work­ East, Moscow in the name of detente ers' boycott- and a strong base is pressuring the Palestinian freedom among students facilitates reaching out fighters to make concessions to the to and involving broader socialforces. Israeli settler-state. The YSA, Pulley pledged, will con­ Building the VSA tinue to get out the truth about the The tasks of the YSA in winning new Palestinian struggle for self-determina­ adherents on the campuses and among tion, to warn against the war threat, other young people were summed up to protest Israeli aggression, and to in the organization report, presented demand a halt to all U.S. aid to Is­ by Ginny Hildebrand. These range raeL from student government election cam­ In the name of detente, Pulley added, paigns to setting up campus meetings the large pro-Moscow Communist par­ for SWP campaign speakers, from ties in countries such as Portugal, classes on socialism to sales cam­ France, and Italy are joining capital­ Militant/Andy Rose paigns for The Militant and Young ist governments, breaking strikes, and Women's liberation workshop. Throughout convention YSAers exchanged experiences Socialist supporting capitalist politicians. from wide variety of struggles. "We should look at our success in "In opposition to this perspective, the expanding Militant sales last fall YSA supports the building of mass aliens" from Mexico; in the attacks on Rights Amendment (ERA) has been alongside the fact that at the same revolutionary parties all over the busing and school desegregation; and organized in Georgia. The group time the YSA has made the Young So­ world to lead the workers to power in attempts to roll back the meager plans a major demonstration Jan. 11 cialist the most widely read revolu­ and abolish capitalism. It supports the gains on the job won by women and demanding that the state legislature tionary youth newspaper in the coun­ building of a mass movement for so­ Blacks. ratify the ERA. try," she said. Over the fall YS sales cialist democracy in the Soviet Union, The five days of reports, panels, eAt the same panel, activities pro­ averaged 11,000 each month. China, and the East European states workshops, and discussions revealed testing attacks on the right to abor­ Both in sales and election campaign­ to kick out the privileged bureaucrats that YSA members throughout the tion were discussed by Christina Ada­ ing, Hildebrand said, the YSA will and institute genuine workers democ­ country have been active in struggles chi from Pittsburgh, and Pat Wright place special emphasis on reaching racy," Pulley declared. around a broad spectrum of issues. from New York spoke on the YSA's high school students. Throughout the convention, greet­ participation in the Coalition of La­ Last fall the 15 traveling teams of young socialists made a big contribu­ ings were received and read from co­ bor Union Women. tion to the geographic growth of the thinkers of the YSA in other coun­ 'Take the lead' e A convention report on the Chi­ YSA. They visited 205 campuses, sold tries- supporters of the Fourth Inter­ Confidence that to a greater extent cano struggle, presented by Olga Ro­ tens of thousands of Militants and national, the world Trotskyist organi­ than ever before the YSA can take the driguez, told how YSA members in YSs, recruited 97 new members to zation. These included youth groups lead in actions to defend the rights California and Texas have been active the YSA, and helped form seven new in Argentina, Australia, Canada, of students, minorities, and other in protests against the racist depor­ local chapters. Hildebrand said the China, New Zealand, and Puerto tations and harassment of Chicanos working people was often voiced. YSA would again field 15 regional Rico, and other revolutionary organi­ and mexicanos by the Immigration • Cutbacks in education are meet­ teams this spring. zations in Austria, Belgium, Greece, ing with growing resistance from stu­ Service. She also emphasized support Iran, Israel, Japan, Spain, and Sri dents. Delegate Linda Loew from New for the grape and lettuce boycott called Lanka. York told of the YSA's involvement in by the United Farm Workers union. Revolutionary team a demonstration of 2,000 students in • Jose G. Perez reported to the con­ Hilrlebrand concluded by discussing Defend political prisoners December to protest cutbacks at the vention on the struggles of Puerto Ri­ two key aspects of the YSA's function­ One of the biggest contributions the city university system. cans in the United States, and a work­ ing: the education of YSA members YSA can make to struggles in other • In almost every area, YSA mem­ shop was held to discuss the YSA's in Marxist theory and revolutionary parts of the world, Pulley explained, bers have been organizing support for growing involvement in these strug­ strategy and tactics, and the organiza­ is to continue its active defense of po­ victims of racist and political repres­ gles. tion of all areas of the YSA's work as litical prisoners. sion, including the Attica Brothers, eAt a workshop on strike support, a team effort. He singled out support to the U.S. J.B. Johnson in St Louis, Ray Men­ YSAers described how they organized "Together with our different ideas, Committee for Justice to Latin Ameri­ doza in Milwaukee, the Wounded Knee backing among students for the coal talents, and skills," she said, "we make can Political Prisoners ( USLA) as es­ defendants, and many others. miners' strike, for the Sears and city up for individual shortcomings. Al­ pecially important to aid victims of e Delegate Mack Warren from At­ workers' strikes in San Francisco, for together we make up a powerful rev­ the military junta in Chile and the lanta described how YSAers there actions by minority construction work­ olutionary team fit to win the respect growing rightist terror in Argentina. helped lead a series of demonstrations ers in New York demanding jobs, and and allegiance of our generation. And In March and April USLA will spon­ protesting police slayings of Blacks. for strikes and organizing drives by that's exactly what we're going out to sora U.S. speaking tour by Juan Car­ Others reported on similar actions in campus employees. do. los Coral, a well-known socialist lead­ Oakland, New York, and Austin. Only a few of these struggles cen­ "Get this straight on your tape re­ er in Argentina and former presi­ eAt a panel discussion on current tered on what could be termed student corders, FBI agents," she said. "Be­ dential candidate of the Partido So­ women's liberation struggles, Mary Jo issues, but in nearly all of them it cause this convention is serving notice cialista de los Trabajadores (PST;;o.. Vogel from Atlanta told how a broad was found that the YSA's strength to you that this is the team that is Socialist Workers Party). coalition for passage of the Equal on the campuses was crucial. Student going to win." The Coral tour and other interna­ tional defense activities were highlight­ ed at a special convention panel. Speak­ ers included Maria Isabel Barreno, one of the "Three Marias" jailed in YSA elects new national officers 1973 in Portugal (see "Women in Re­ ST. LOUIS- The newly elected volt" column on page 12); Adrian Young Socialist Alliance national Karatnycky of the Committee for the committee met here Jan. 1, imme­ Defense of Soviet Political Prisoners; diately following the national con­ Mohammad Falsafi of the Committee vention, to select the incoming na­ for Artistic and Intellectual Freedom tional executive committee and na­ in Iran; and Mirta Vidal from US LA. tional officers. Malik Miah, 22, was elected na­ Sharpening doss battles tional chairperson of the Y SA. The political situation the YSA will Miah, of Afro-Bengali descent, face in the year ahead was discussed joined the YSA in 1969 as a high in the political report by Malik Miah school student in Detroit. He was and the election campaign report by active in the antiwar and Black Rich Finkel. liberation struggles, and in 1971 The only answer the ruling class he was a founder of the Black Mora­ has to the mounting crisis of infla­ torium Committee Against the Viet­ tion and unemployment, Miah nam W-ar. stressed, is to take it out on the backs Miah is the author of "The U.S. MalikMiah Rich Finkel Ginny Hildebrand of working people. Role in Southern Africa," a Young Stepped-up attacks on living stan­ Socialist pamphlet, and coauthor dards will provoke sharp class bat­ of "Tragedy in Chile: Lessons of 1969, as a national field secretary chapter of Female Liberation. In tles in the period ahead. The attacks the Revolutionary Upsurge and Its in 1970, and as Houston YSA or­ 1972 she became a national staff hit hardest at oppressed minorities, Defeat." ganizer in 1971. member of the Women's National women, and youth, and they will be Rich Finkel, 25, was reelected na­ In 1972 Finkel became the editor Abortion Action Coalition. in the forefront of the struggles to tional secretary. Finkel joined the of the Young Socialist newspaper. This past fall Hildebrand helped come. Y SA in 1968 while a student at Ginny Hildebrand, 26, was elected coordinate the YSA's participation Heightened use of racism to divide Case Western Reserve University in national organization secretary. in the National Student Teach-in the working class can already be seen Cleveland. He served as Ohio re­ She joined the Y SA in 1971 while Against Racism and the Dec. 14 in the hysterical efforts to blame un­ gional organizer for the YSA in an activist in the Boston University Freedom March in Boston. employment on so-called "illegal

4 YSA CONVENTION Injunction against snylng reversed YSA message to FBI: our fight continues By CAROLINE LUND the YSA and Socialist Workers Party ·· the YSA's claims of injury to its First Only four days before the opening because of their fraternal solidarity Amendment rights were not serious of the Young Socialist Alliance na­ with the Fourth International. enough even to be heard in court tional convention Dec. 28, a federal In his opening remarks to the YSA He wrote that the case deserved a full appeals court ruled against the YSA convention, Pulley directed himself to hearing and that his denial of the in its fight to bar the FBI from spy­ the implications of the government's YSA's appeal "in no way affects the ing on the convention. The ruling was admissions about FBI infiltrators in­ outcome of the case on the merits made in part on the basis of a secret side the YSA. "We learned from the (that is, the YSA and SWP suit as affidavit submitted by the government documents on the FB l's 'Counterintel- a whole]." concerning its network of undercover ligence Programs' that one of the In the 45-minute hearing before informants inside the YSA. things the FBI tries to do is to turn Marshall, the YSA was represented The appeals court decision was im­ members of radical organizations by attorney Leonard Boudin. He chal­ mediately appealed by the YSA to against each other," he said. "They lenged the government's claim that Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U. S. try to create an atmosphere of suspi­ the FBI no longer carried out dis­ Supreme Court, who refused to over­ cion, or paranoia, and play on fears ruptive action against the YSA and turn the appeals court, although he and intimidation. SWP. disagreed with much of its reasoning. "Well, I want to tell them right here Boudin quoted from FBI documents In opening the YSA convention in and now that we will not be intimi- obtained previously through the YSA. St. Louis, outgoing YSA National dated, nor will we be divided." and SWP suit that say the FBI's "SWP Chairperson Andrew Pulley called the The YSA had asked for an injunc­ Disruption Program" was only termi­ FBI presence "a gross violation of tion against FBI spying at the con­ Militant/Flax Hermes nated "as a program" in order "to our democratic rights," and said: "I vention on the grounds that it would leonard Boudin argued YSA case before eliminate paper work." "In the future," just want to say one thing to all of violate the right to free speech and as­ Supreme Court Justice Marshall. says the document, "the disruptive ac­ you undercover agents from the FBI sembly. The motion for this injunc­ tion directed against the SWP will be who are monitoring this convention, tion was part of a broader suit by the ways in which his opinion is a sub­ handled on an individual case that we're not going to rest until we YSA and the SWP demanding a stop stantial improvement over the appeals basis.... " get a decision banning you from at­ to all surveillance and harassment by court ruling. The YSA and SWP claims that such tending any conventions of the YSA. government agencies. First, he specifically endorsed the disruption continues are substantiated, And when we do, we're going to find Federal District Court Judge Thom­ appeals court bar against transmis­ Boudin added, by the recent revela­ out who you are and send you to as Griesa had agreed in a Dec. 13 sion of names of convention partici­ tions about disruptive action by the jail." decision that FBI spying would in­ pants to the Civil Service Commis­ CIA against domestic dissidents. The secret affidavit submitted by the deed "put a substantial inhibition" on sion, and went even further to say: In his address to the YSA conven­ government to the appeals court pur­ ·the YSA's ability to organize its con­ "... the Government has stated that tion, Pulley saluted the work of the ported to back up the FBI's fear that vention. He granted an injunction pro­ it has not authorized any disruptive YSA's attorneys and of the Political the cover of their undercover agents hibiting the FBI from "attending, sur­ activity at the convention. In addi­ Rights Defense Fund (PRDF), the or­ would be blown if they were barred veilling, listening to, watching, or oth­ tion, the Government has represented ganization that has been publicizing from attending the convention. erwise monitoring" the gathering. that it has no intention of transmit- and raising funds for the YSA and In the opinion of Herbert Jordan, In overturning Gries a's ruling, the ting any information obtained at the SWP suit He thanked the thousands one of the YSA 's attorneys, this highly appeals court did, however, agree to convention to nongovernmental enti­ of people "who support our suit and unusual last-minute move was "key prohibit the FBI from turning over ties such as schools or employers. I have contributed in all kinds of ways to the government's victory." names of those attending the conven­ shall hold the Government to both to the partial victories we have made." "It is outrageous," said Pulley, "that tion to the Civil Service Commission. representations as a condition of this Legal costs for the ftght against FBI our democratic rights are being vio­ The YSA had documented how the order." spying at the convention were very lated on the basis of so-called evi- commission uses such information to Jordan told The Militant he didn't costly, and the PRDF has made a dence that we are not even allowed threaten YSA supporters who are gov­ know of any such restrictions that special appeal for funds to carry for­ to see or to answer." ernment employees with loss of their have ever been imposed on the FBI ward the suit on an aggressive basis. The government's other main argu­ jobs. before. Contributions can be sent to the ment before the appeals court con­ Although Marshall upheld the ap­ Secondly, Marshall emphatically re­ PRDF at P. 0. Box 649, Cooper Sta­ cerned 'foreign influence or ties" of peals court order, there are several jected the government's contention that tion, New York, N. Y. 10003.

'Woman's Evolution' top seller in St. Louis How long this has needed doing. And Pathfinder Press, who narrated a slide Party. She has become , known adopted for use in more than 200 how important to women today that presentation on the roughly 1, 700 throughout the world as a foremost women's studies courses. the myth of eternal and preordained hours of work that went into the physi- Marxist anthropologist and feminist. "I did not plan to become an an- patriarchy be exploded. And at last cal production of Woman's Evolution. Her earlier book, Problems of Worn- thropologist or, at the outset of my we have a good solid real woman Evelyn Reed is a longtime activist en's Liberation, has been translated studies, to write a book like this," she anthropologist to do it I look for- and leader in the Socialist Workers into seven languages and has been told the convention. "I merely wanted ward to a landmark book. to investigate a question to which I -Kate Millett could not find an answer. That be­ came the starting point of a research ST. LOUIS- The official publication project that stretched over almost a date of Woman's Evolution, the major quarter of a century." new work by Evelyn Reed hailed by She described how in 1950 she and feminist author Kate Millett, will be other women leaders of the SWP, dis­ March 8, International Women's Day. cussing Engels's Origin of the Family, The first advance copies, though, Private Property, and the State, were were made available to participants in unable to arrive at a satisfactory ex­ the Young Socialist Alliance national planation for the role and importance convention here. of the "incest taboo" in the earliest In four days they snapped up 600 hum an societies. copies of the book- every one Reed's studies convinced her that brought to the convention. It was by "the so-called incest taboo was really far the top seller from the literature a taboo against cannibalism." But one table set up by Pathfinder Press (which question led to another and soon, she sold in all more than $5,400 worth of explained, "I discerned the dim out­ revolutionary socialist books and lines of the answers to some of the pamphlets). most basic unresolved questions in, Woman's Evolution was highlighted anthropology." as part of a special presentation to "Why was primitive society a com­ the YSA convention on the expansion munal, egalitarian system? Why was of the socialist movement, including it a matriarchy with women playing its book and pamphlet publishing pro­ the leadership role? How and why did gram. Evelyn Reed addressed the Militont/Jo Hendrickson the subsequent downfall of women meeting, along with Jesse Smith from Convention participants line up to have Evelyn Reed autograph new book Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 5 YSA CONVENTION ·Throw all our forces into this fight' Young Socialists map campaign to By NORMAN OLIVER say yes! The racists say no buses. ST. LOUIS- "What we are voting on We say the buses must roll! is a turn by the YSA to throw our­ "The line is drawn: for or against selves into this movement- this new busing. You have to be blind to say civil rights movement," declared Malik that busing is not the real issue." Miah, in summing up the discussion at the Young Socialist Alliance con­ vention on the antiracist struggle in Role of white workers Boston. Paul Mailhot, a YSAer from Boston "Racism is an integral part of the State College who has been active in capitalist system," Miah said. "It's go­ organizing student support for bus­ ing to take an ongoing fight to end it. ing there, pointed out in the discus­ We're going to throw all our forces sion that ''the pressure of the racist into this movement and become the movement has been so strong that it best fighters against racism and the has led groups like the Revolutionary best builders of this new civil rights Union to totally abandon the defense movement of the 1970s." of Black students in favor of trying The discussion of Boston was one to link up with some mythical 'pro­ of the central features of the conven­ gressive' element in the antibusing tion here. Miah 's political report and movement. the report by Maceo Dixon on "The "The walls in South Boston tell the Fight Against Racism in Boston" dealt real story about the antibusing move­ with the issues involved in the battle Dec. 14 freedom march in Boston can be starting point for new civil rights movement ment," Mailhot said. "The slogans on over busing, and the tasks of the YSA those walls don't read 'Quality educa­ in mobilizing support for deseg­ tion for all' or 'Please let us walk to regation. our neighborhood schools.' No, they YSA members from around the for democracy in the country. against busing, which has included an read 'Kill niggers' and 'Boneheads country took the floor during the dis­ "It would not only deny Blacks attack on the jobs of the bus drivers, beware- this is God's white country.' cussion on the reports and at work­ equal rights, it would embolden reac­ most of whom are Black." The YSA has to expose this racist shops to describe the experiences they tionary forces across the country to However, most radical organiza­ movement for what it is." had in organizing the Dec. 14 rallies attack other democratic rights like free tions other than the YSA and the So­ "In our view," Miah explained in his in support of desegregation and to speech and assembly and the right cialist Workers Party have failed to report, 'white workers who are racists draw the lessons of the struggle. to organize trade unions." understand what's involved in the today can be won to support the strug­ The key question, he said, is "wheth­ Boston struggle, Miah explained. Most gles of Blacks. It is in their long­ 'A test case' er or not the buses keep rolling to of them have tried to evade the issue term class interests to do so. But the "The central struggle today against South Boston schools., If the racist by counterposing rhetoric about fight­ way to win racist white workers to ruling-class-inspired attacks on dem­ boycott is victorious and the court ing racism in the abstract to the con­ fight for their true class interests is ocratic rights and attacks on the rad­ desegregation order rescinded- that crete fight, which centers on busing. not to bend to their racism, as the icalization is the fight for school de­ is, the buses stop rolling- that would Some groups, such as the Maoist Revolutionary Union, the October segregation in Boston," Miah said in be a defeat for Black rights." Revolutionary Union, have argued League, and other groups do." his report. "The struggle is a test case. that the real question isn't busing, but Hattie McCutcheon, a YSA leader A victory for the racists would set in A national issue "quality education." from Detroit, emphasized the need for motion other racists across the coun­ While Boston is the focus of this "This position," Miah said, ''is noth­ the YSA to launch an educational try to try to do what Nixon's rhetoric struggle today, the busing issue ex­ ing but bending to the pressure of the campaign to explain the issues in Bos­ about law and order couldn't- beat tends far beyond that one city. racist offensive." He explained that ton. "So-called quality education is not back gains won by Blacks over the "In Pontiac, Mich., white racists have "quality education" has become a code the real question in Boston right now," last two decades." mobilized in the past to prevent bus­ word the reactionaries use to cover she said. "The fight is for equal educa­ "The struggle in Boston," Miah ex­ ing," Miah pointed out. "In Queens, their real anti-Black views. tion for Black people." plained, ''is around a simple, basic N.Y., racist thugs have done likewise. "No one is against quality educa­ In fact, she explained, the struggle democratic right: the right to an equal In Denver the racists have also dem­ tion. But the issue in Boston is equal of Blacks for the right to attend the education. A victory for the racist onstrated against busing. And in education for Blacks. That's it- plain white schools-which, bad as they forces would be a seth ack for the fight Pasadena, Calif., we see a drive and simple. The racists say no. We may be, are still better than the Black ~Young Socialists really get involved' By NORMAN OLIVER agree that the situation in Boston calls The Militant, "I think it's only natural party's nominee for vice-president. ST. LOUIS- First impressions can be for the implementation of the deseg­ that I form an alliance with them "I've never seen anything like it in deceiving. When you first meet Robert regation plan," Harper said. The [the YSA]. Plus the fact that some my life," was Harper's comment on Harper, you think you're being intro­ Black student leader said that he of the people happen. to be some of the rally. "I was terribly impressed duced to a burly running back for shared this view and also agreed with the most efficient and diligent people by it-to hear the fund-raising speech a college football team. His stout the YSA that federal troops should be that I've ever worked with." and see the money going up, to hear frame makes him seem older than sent to Boston to enforce the desegre­ Harper believes that "it's not just Camejo's speech. The whole thing was his 19 years. gation order. the basic system that's exploiting you, so exciting. Well, Harper has played a little ball, "As that is the case," Harper told but als.o individuals who think they "I've noticed that in this organiza­ but now the first-year student at Har­ can go so far in denying you your tion it seems that everybody actually vard is devoting his time and energy rights that they actually try to kill works. You know, in the other politi­ to the fight for school desegregation you -you know, throw rocks at you, cal parties- the Democrats and Re­ in Boston. bomb your churches, surround your publicans- people join those parties, Harper is a leader of the Harvard­ schools. That type of thing has been but they don't do a damn bit for Radcliffe African and Afro-American happening for years, beginning with it. And more often than not the party Student Association and one of the the Klan [and] to this very day with is working against their interests. Yet, coordinators of the student committee the racist mobilization of Hicks, Ker­ they fail to realize this. that organized the Dec. 13 national rigan, Flynn, and the others in South "In the YSA every single person has teach-in against racism. The commit­ Boston and the Boston area. some kind of assignment and pursues tee also built student participation in "So, when it comes to the physical his or her assignment most diligently. the Dec. 14 march in support of Black assaults, you've really got to hit it They really get involved in the is­ students being bused to schools in right then and there. You've got to sues-whether it be Pasadena, unem­ South Boston. defend yourself." ployment in Detroit, the Boston strug­ During the recent convention of the The event during the convention that gle, or community control in New Young Socialist Alliance, Harper most impressed Harper was the highly York City. Everybody's into doing spoke with The Militant about why spirited kickoff rally for the Social­ what the group says it wants to do. he traveled to St. Louis for the ist Workers Party 1976 presidential That's really the important thing for gathering. Militant/Howard Petrick campaign. The major speakers were any movement-to have people who "The people in the Y SA and Social­ Robert Harper presents greetings to SWP Peter Camejo, the party's presidential are not only for the ideas, but willing ist Workers Party-to a person- campaign kickoff rally in St. Louis. candidate, and Willie Mae Reid, the to work for them."

6 defend desegregation in Boston unprincipled to demand that the gov­ a successful teach-in the night before ernment send troops to enforce the the march. court order. "The teach-in was seen as part of Revolutionaries' make all kinds of the build-up for the 14th," Dixon ex­ demands on the government, he said, plained. "Through gaining support for such as calling for pa§sage of the the teach-in the student committee was Equal Rights Amendment and urging able to broaden out the political sup­ nationalization of the oil and food port for the march, getting endorsers monopolies. "Then why not demand for both actions. The student commit­ that the government enforce laws we tee brought the social weight of the call on them to pass-like their civil students into the situation, and this rights laws? Are you for or against proved to be key to making the action the court order? If yes, do you say a success." that force should be used to imple­ The YSA, Dixon pointed out, seeks ment it when racists are using force to increase student support for the to oppose it?" Black community in Boston and urges Miah explained that many laws students to use their power to broad­ passed by the capitalist government en support for the fight to defend are concessions wrung from the cap­ Black civil rights. Militant/Mary Ja Hendrickson italist class by working peoples' strug­ The student committee has initiated HATTIE McCUTCHEON: 'The fight is for gles. "We support these and we want a call for a National Student Con­ PAUL MAILHOT: 'There is nothing pro­ equal education for Black people.' to implement them," he added. ference Against Racism at Boston Uni­ gressive about antibusing movement.' The key question is how these de­ versity Feb. 14-16. 'When we leave mands are raised. "For example, the this convention," Dixon said, "the YSA community groups, and others in sup­ schools- is what will lead to ch alleng­ Communist Party and the Young should be turned loose across the porting this conference. ing the most fundamental aspects of Workers Liberation League are for country to organize support for this "The most important thing is to Black oppression. federal troops and busing, but they conference." make sure that this conference is as "As Black people begin to go to raise their demands in the context of Dixon stressed the importance of big and as authoritative as possible. these schools in the white communi­ supporting liberal Democratic Party trying to involve all political groups, This is our number one task between ties," she said, "we'll begin to question politicians and attempting to hold the Black student organizations, unions, now and Feb. 14," he concluded. why we can't live in those communi­ struggle within the confines of capi­ ties, why we can't get jobs in those talist politics. Their main action cam­ communities, and why, if we do, we paign now is to get letters of protest still don't get equal pay. We will be­ sent to Mayor White and President gin to question every aspect of our Ford. Students call antiracist oppression." 'We, on the other hand, raise the de­ mand for federal troops in the context Mass-action perspective of calling for mass mobilizations to conference in Boston "The key to an effective strategy to defeat the racist offensive." ST. LOUIS- "The racist mob violence delphia; American and Georgetown beat back the racist mobs is mass In the course of trying to force the against Black students in Boston is universities, Washington, D. C.; Uni­ countermobilizations of supporters of capitalist government to enforce its part of a nationwide offensive against versity of Maryland; University of Black rights," Miah said. "Mass ac­ laws, he added, the Black community the rights of Black people. It could Georgia; and University of Pittsburgh. tions like the Dec. 14 demonstration will learn that only its own actions happen right here in St. Louis," Maceo Also, Wayne State University and in Boston are the best way to tell the will safeguard its rights. Dixon told reporters at a news con­ Wayne County Community College, ruling class that the democratic rights ference during the national convention Detroit; Indiana University, Bloom­ of Blacks cannot be taken away that of the Young Socialist Alliance. ington; Roosevelt University and easily. . . . This is the strategy used Dixon, who is a national leader of Loop Junior College, Chicago; Uni­ in the earlier civil rights movement. Success of Dec. 14 the YSA, said that a massive response versity of Colorado; San Diego City "In the context of this mass-action In his report, Maceo Dixon reviewed is needed to beat back this racist of­ College; Merritt College, Oakland, perspective, another issue is posed in the activities of the YSA in the fight fensive and that students can be in­ Calif.; and University of California Boston today; that is, how to imple­ against the campaign of racist vio­ strumental in mobilizing such a re­ at Berkeley. ment the busing order and defend lence in Boston. sponse. He said that the YSA is throw­ Some of the other student endorsers Black students from racist mob at­ The YSA in Boston and around ing all of its forces into building the are: Gilberto DeJesus, chairperson, tacks. We say all the. force necessary the country mobilized its resources to "National Student Conference Against Federaci6n de Universitarios Socialis­ must be used by the government to build support for the protests on Racism" to be held at Boston Uni­ ta Puertorriquefio, Columbia Univer­ implement their court order, including Dec. 14. versity on the weekend of Feb­ sity; William Morris, president, Asso­ the use of federal troops." The YSA, Dixon said, also played ruary 14-16. ciation of Black Students, Florissaint "The call for troops is not an ab­ an important role in educating peo­ "Students from across the country Community College, St. Louis;. Nuris stract question for Black students in ple throughout the country about the should attend this conference," Dixon Bercey, Domincan Student Movement, Boston," Miah pointed out, recalling situation in Boston. Through sales urged. "Together we can organize Brooklyn College; Chip Berlet, editor, the lynch mobs that trapped Black of The Militant and Young Socialist, masses in the streets to smash the National Student Association Maga­ students inside South Boston High thousands found out the truth about racist forces in Boston." zine; and Kathy Kelly, NSA president. School on Dec. 11. the racist offensive and the fight Also addressing the news conference Miah explained what was wrong against it. were Paul Mailhot, a Boston student High school and junior high school with the positions taken by sectarian The student committee that was leader and a member of the YSA, endorsers include: Michael Anderson, groups such as the Spartacists and formed to build support on campus and Robert Harper, a leader of the Black Student Council, Blair High the Workers League, who say it is for the Dec. 14 action also organized Harvard-Radcliffe African and Afro­ School, Pasadena, Calif.; Lennice Pier­ American Student Association. All son, Pasadena High School; and Pat three are leaders of the student com­ Brooks, student body vice-president, mittee that originally called for the Bret Harte Junior High School, Ber­ gathering. keley, Calif. This student committee previously Endorsements have also come from organized the national teach-in many other prominent ·people includ­ against racism at Harvard Univer­ ing: Julian Bond; Robert Elder, Pasa­ sity on Dec. 13, attended by 1,100 dena Bus Drivers United Community; ·people. It also organized student par­ Virginia Jackson, statewide coordina­ ticipation in the Dec. 14 Boston free­ tor, Georgia Coalition of Labor Union · dom march. Women; Dr. Benjamin Mays, presi­ The initial call for the national stu­ dent, Atlanta school board; and Pat dent conference was issued Dec. 14. Knight, president, Social Service Em­ In the short time since then, many ployees Union Local 371, New York. student leaders and prominent figures For more information on the na­ have endorsed the call. tional student meeting write National Among them are student govern­ Student Conference Against Racism, ment' presidents or elected student rep­ cfo Boston University Student Union, resentatives at: the University of Mas­ 775 Commonwealth Ave., Room 435, sachusetts, Amherst; Hunter College, Boston, Mass. 02215, or call (617) Pasadena, Calif., Dec. 14. YSA members were active in organizing probusing actions New York; Temple University, Phila- 353-3642. from coast to coast.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 7 Kissinger escalates Mideast war threat By DICK ROBERTS prices to strangle the Ghanian econ­ New threats that the United States omy under former president Kwame might go to war in the Middle East Nkrumah. They conspired to strangle were voiced by Secretary of State Hen­ tl).e Chllean economy during the Al­ ry Kissinger in Washington last week. lende regime. Admitting that a U.S. attack on the This is surely one of the first times Middle East would be "a very danger­ Washington has openly called for eco­ ous course," Kissinger nevertheless nomic strangulation of a semicolonial added, "I am not saying that there's nation in order to restore imperialist no circumstance where we would not hegemony. But Kissinger's words useforce.... mean no less than this: Initially to "The use of force would be con­ cut down on the consumption of im­ sidered ... in the gravest emergency." ported energy in order to thwart Kissinger's remarks appeared in an OPEC prices, and then (Kissinger said interview in the Jan. 13 issue of Busi­ "within two to three years") to develop ness Week magazine. A White House alternative energy sources controlled spokesperson said that President Ford by the imperialists. had nothing to add to the Kissinger That is why Kissinger said his_ statement. fourth point-developing alternative Asked if he didn't worry about Mos­ energy supplies- is most important cow's response to U.S. military action U.S. marines train in California for possible assault on Arab oil fields And it is also why (Kissinger hedged in the Middle East, Kissinger replied, on this question) the United States "Any president who would resort to does not favor lowering world oll military action in the Middle East new oil-producing countries, and new States before entering talks with the prices. To do so would make it un­ without worrying what the Soviets sources of energy create a supply sit­ oil-producing nations. This is another profitable to develop the alternative would do would have to be reckless. uation in which it will be increasingly way of stating the original U.S. po­ energy sources. The question is to what extent he difficult for the cartel to operate. We sition. When asked by Business Week would let himself be deterred by it." think the beginning of this will occur Kissinger's second point, euphemis­ whether ·the U.S. policy had indeed (Emphasis added.) within two to three years." tically dubbed "energy conservation," changed and whether the U.S. no Miscalculation on this score nearly Stripped of diplomatic niceties, Kis­ amounts to establishing an imperial-. longer looked to immediate reduction detonated a nuclear holocaust during singer's four-point p-rogram is aimed ist boycott of OPEC (Organization of of world prices, Kissinger's hedge the October 1973 war in the Middle at putting the interests of U.S. impe­ Oil Exporting Countries) oil. Rarely was: "I would disagree with the word East rialism before all else, to the detri­ do the world powers undertake such 'immediate.. n Short of warfare, Kissinger outlined ment of Washington's allies in Eu­ operations with the brazenness Kis­ The third point in Kissinger's pro­ a four-point U.S. program to put pres­ rope, and especially to the detriment singer displayed in this interview. gram refers to Washington's hope of sure on the oil-exporting nations in or­ of the Middle East oil-producing na­ Business Week asked Kissinger: if forcing other imperialist powers, es­ der to restore imperialist control of tions. the imperialists do succeed in cutting pecially West Germany, to help bail world oil prices: · Translated, the "consumer solidar­ down their exports from OPEC, out Britain and Italy if either or both "One, a degree of consumer soli­ ity" Kissinger demands in his first wouldn't OPEC countries merely re­ of their economies deteriorate to the darity that makes the consumers less point is the agreement of the West Eu­ spond by cutting down OPEC oil pro­ point of chain-reaction bankruptcies vulnerable to the threat of embargo ropean and Japanese powers to form duction and consequently still main­ as happened during the 1929-32 de­ and to the dangers of financial col­ a front of the imperialist oil-con­ taining high oil prices? pression. lapse. suming nations against the semico­ Worth noting is that in Kissinger's "Second, a systematic effort at ener­ lonial oil-producing nations. Kissinger responded that some discussion of this point his emphasis gy conservation of sufficient magni­ The West European powers, espe­ OPEC countries could do this, but was not on ifbut when. tude to impose difficult choices on the cially France, have opposed this, "countries that need oil revenues for Business Week: "Is it possible that producing countries. avowedly favoring agreements on their economic development, like Al­ we may have to engage in an emer­ "Third, institutions of financial soli­ world oil prices that include the oil­ geria, Iran, and Venezuela, do not gency financial bail-out of Italy or darity so that individual countries are producing nations in the initial nego­ have an unlimited capacity to cut their Britain before the financial facility is not so obsessed by their sense of im­ tiating process. But France apparent­ production. If the production of these in place?" _ potence that they are prepared to ne­ ly backed down in December. countries is cut by any significant per­ Kissinger: "Very possibly, in this gotiate on the producers' terms. Following talks between French centage, their whole economic devel­ sense the proposed facllity merely in­ "Fourth, and most important, to President Valery Giscard d'Estaing opment plan will be in severe jeop­ stitutionalizes what will have to hap­ bring in alternative sources .of energy and President Ford in Martinique, it ardy." pen anyway, because if present as rapidly as possible so that the was strongly hinted that France would In the early 1960s the imperialists trends continue, there will have to be combination of new discoveries of oil, accept prior agreement with the United secretly drove down world cocoa a bail-out sooner or later." Rhodesian regime seeks deal with guerrillas By TONY THOMAS Black and white leaders to plan a Since 1965 there has been massive Black Mozambican government could On Dec. 11, Rhodesian Prime Minister more complete settlement. opposition to the settler regime from step up aid to Zimbabwean ftghters Ian Smith announced that a cease­ Rhodesia was a British colony until the African masses of Zimbabwe (the as well as strangle Rhodesia's econ­ fire would take place between African 1965. In that year white settlers seized African name for Rhodesia). Three or­ omy. freedom fighters and his white-minori­ control and declared independence ganizations, the Zimbabwe African These developments left South Afri­ ty regime. He also announced that from Britain. Their aim was to stop Nationalist Union (ZANU), the Zim­ ca as the only support for the Rho­ more than 300 political prisoners British plans to grant independence babwe African People's Union (ZA­ desian regime. South Africa's apart­ from the liberation groups would be under Black majority rule. PU), and the Front for the Liberation heid government has been supplying set free. The country's 270,000 whites are of Zimbabwe (Frolizi) have carried financial and military aid and troops Smith's statement came as a result only 5 percent of the population, yet on guerrilla war against the Smith re­ to Rhodesia in its war against the lib­ of accords agreed upon by his govern­ they have complete control of the gime. Another group, the African Na­ eration groups. A cutoff of this sup­ ment and the liberation groups in country's political and economic life. tional Council (ANC), has emerged port by South Africa would doom talks held in Lusaka, Zambia, earlier Property and educational require­ in recent years as a .legal opposition. the Rhodesian regime. that month. ments limit the right to vote to 84,940 In the past two years guerrilla ac­ Since the Frelimo government was While there are conflicting reports on whites and only 7,390 Blacks. Land­ tivities in the northern part of Rho­ inaugurated in Mozambique in Sep­ the details of the agreements, the basic I?-olding laws reserve more than half desia near Mozambique greatly in­ tember, it has become apparent that provisions appear to include a cease­ of the land for whites. Urban Blacks creased. This was aided by support the South African racists see the de­ fire and release of African political are strictly segregated. Employment given the Zimbabwean f~ghters by the fense of the Smith regime as a hope­ prisoners and the convocation of a and educational opportunities have Mozambique Liberation Front ( Fre­ less task. constitutional conference between also been restricted for Blacks. limo). Instead, South African Prime Min­ Rhodesia's white settlers received an­ ister John Vorster has pushed the Rho­ · _Thel...-.lionof Rhodesia and South Africa aince1958 other blow when Portugal decided to desian regime to make a settlement move toward independence for Mo­ with the nationalist groups. This, Vor­ zambique and Angola, following the ster believes, will lay the basis for April1974 coup. deals between South Africa and inde­ The Smith regime had always seen pendent Black African governments. these Portuguese colonies as buffer "Mr. Vorster's motives in pressing zones against Black-controlled Africa. for a Rhodesian settlement," reported Moreover, because of the economic New York Times correspondent boycott of Rhodesia by almost all Charles Mohr from Salisbury, Rho­ neighboring African countries, most desia, "can be explained partly by a of Rhodesia's exports· and imports desire to restore South Africa's now pass through Mozambican ports. negligible respectability in Africa, and Portugal's decision to bring Frelimo to get, in return, a pledge from such into the government in Mozambique black figures as President Kenneth D. last September and to grant Frelimo Kaunda of Zambia not to permit in­ full control by June has placed Rho­ surgent and subversive activities New York Times desia in a precarious position. A Continued on page 22

8 Jan. 15 rallies will demand 'Jobs for All!' By JOEL BRITTON Charles Barton, of the Amalgamated CHICAGO- "On Wednesday, Jan. 15, Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of we will be marching for our 'silver North America; G. Ronald McCantz, rights,'" Reverend Ed Reddick told of the Coalition of Black Trade representatives of a broad array of Unionists; Don Jones, of Local 1395, trade unions and community and po­ American Federation of Government litical activists here Jan. 4. Employees; and Mary Smith, of the in­ Reddick, research director for Op­ dependent service employees union. eration PUSH, was addressing a meet­ Locals of AFSCME (American Fed­ ing called to discuss mobilizing for a eration of State, County and Munici­ march and rally here demanding pal Employees) and the Oil, Chemi­ "Jobs For All!" cal and Atomic Workers were also The' urgency of this demll.nd was represented. underscored by new government fig­ Others present came from Chicago ures pegging unemployment at 7.1 churches, The Woodlawn Organiza­ percent of the work force. The official tion, the Urban League, Chicago Acts figures indicate that there are 6.5 mil­ Against Inflation, Clergy and Laity lion people out of work. Concerned, Chicago Peace Council, Reddick said the actual rate of job­ the Young Socialist Alliance, the lessness is much higher because the Young Workers Liberation League, government doesn't count housewives the Socialist Workers Party, and the and young people who would work if Communist Party. jobs were available and "involuntary part-time workers" who would prefer The Chicago action will include a to work full-time. 2 p.m. rally at the civic center at The action will also hit the "146 per­ Randolph and Dearborn. Marchers cent increase in prices for the food will proceed on Randolph to State Jesse Jackson leads earlier march for jobs in Chicago poor people eat- beans, rice, et Street, south on State to Jackson Boul­ cetera," Reddick said. evard, then west on Jackson Boule­ of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Buses House. Jesse Jackson, president of PUSH, vard to the federal building. The fea­ will transport marchers downtown at PUSH is demanding emergency leg­ told the meeting that what is needed tured speaker at the rally will be long­ 1 p.m. islation to provide for more than one is the broadest possible outpouring time civil rights speaker Reverend In Washington, D. C., a rally will million public service jobs. The group on Jan. 15. Jackson reported on plans Fred Shuttlesworth. be held at . the Metropolitan A.M. E. is also backing the passage of the for similar actions in other cities. A southside assembly point will be Church, at 1518 M St., N. W., begin­ Full Employment Act of 1976, spon­ Among the prominent union officials PUSH headquarters at 50th Street and ning at 10 a.m. on Jan. 15. The rally, sored in Congress by Representative present at the planning meeting were Drexel Boulevard at 11 a.m., where at which Jackson will speak, will be Augustus Hawkins (D-Calif.) and Sen­ Charles Hayes, Addie Wyatt, and a meeting will commemorate the birth followed by a march to the White ator Hubert Humphrey (D-Minn.). Craft divisions defeat Cleve. news strike By HERMAN KIRSCH resist all attempts by· the publishers rather than the reports of their elected struct the printers' representatives to CLEVELAND- Newspaper Guild to break the strike with scabs. The union negotiators. withdraw from the Unity Committee members here reluctantly voted fact that the other crafts- printers, On Dec. 14 the Plain Dealer unit "unless it restricts its functions to union Dec. 21 to accept a three-year con­ mailers, photoengravers, pressmen, of the Guild voted to reject the com­ support actions." tract offer from the publishers of the drivers and others- respected the pany's offer and continue the strike, The resolution was defeated, with Plain Dealer, thus ending their 50-day picket line, whether out of sympathy but the vote had dwindled to 111 many abstentions, when it was learned .strike. The vote was 108 to 94. or fear, was the key to the effective­ to 94. that the Guild was then meeting to Guild Executive Secretary Jack Weir ness of the strike. Meanwhile concerned rank-and-file vote on the latest company offer. said that the negotiators' bargaining The publishers failed in their attempt members of the Typographical Union The Cleveland Typographical power had diminished because of the to get a court injunction forcing the saw the danger to their own union Union's contract expired Dec. 31. Ad­ narrowness of the most recent strike craft unions to scab. Nevertheless, the in what was happening to the Guild. ditional automated equipment was re­ vote and because of problems with publishers were able to use the anti­ At the Dec. 15 meeting of the print­ portedly ·installed during the strike. craft-union leaders who had been rat­ quated craft-union divisions to defeat ers a resolution was passed noting The printers had instructed their ne­ tling their strikebreaking swords. the strike. that "the publishers are conducting co­ gotiating committee to give top pri­ Guild members at the Cleveland ordinated bargaining and the unions ority this year to winning shorter Press accepted an identical contract The so-called Unity Committee, a are not." The resolution requested that hours with no reduction in pay, and the next day by a vote of 129 to 112. loosely structured body of officers of International Typographical Union a cost-of-living clause. They had been locked out since the unions negotiating with the two ( ITU) President Sandy Bevis assign Nov. 9, when the Press suspended newspapers, was transformed from a the recently appointed ITU-Guild joint Negotiations reached an impasse publication in support of the struck means of strengthening the collective task force to Cleveland on an emer­ after the Guild strike ended, though, Plain Dealer. bargaining position of the newspaper gency basis to seek coordinated bar­ and the printers local has asked the Except for minor changes, the con­ unions into a tool of the employers for gammg and a common expiration ITU for assistance and authorization tract finally ratified by Guild mem­ pressuring the Guild not to struggle date in the new contracts. to take a strike vote. But after the bers at the two newspapers was es­ to improve the economic package al­ unsatisfactory settlement forced on the sentially the same one rejected over­ ready accepted by the Teamsters, the Following a report on actions of the Guild, rank-and-file printers see little whelmingly Oct. 31, when the Plain first union to settle. Unity Committee Dec. 17, a special hope of making significant gains Dealer unit had voted to strike. Playing on the ignorance, inexperi­ membership meeting was called by pe­ through the weak and divided craft Although the Plain Dealer had an­ ence, fears, or ambitions of various tition of 22 printers to discuss their unions. nounced its intention of publishing in craft-union leaders, and competition union's position on the Unity Com­ As one writer at the Plain Dealer spite of the strike, as newspapers in among them, the publishers negotiat­ mittee. noted, "Craft unionism is dead. If we other cities did in 1974, it was unable ed first with one, then another. They At that meeting, held Dec. 20, a don't bury it and organize an indus­ to do so. succeeded in manipulating the Unity resolution was introduced to repudiate trial union of all the men and women The Guild leadership decided to Committee into publicly calling on the the actions of the Unity Committee who produce the paper, the publishers throw up solid picket lines, close down Guild membership to believe the pub­ in intervening in the Guild strike on will bury it and put us in the strait­ production of the Plain Dealer, and lishers' statements about negotiations the side of the publishers, and to in- jacket of a company union."

By EVELYN SELL Alpha File project leader Sergeant ACL U attorney Mark Rosenbaum LOS ANGELES- The Los Angeles Robert Michael have publicly called explained, "The file is a self-fulfilling Blacks police department has been keeping these Black youths "murderers," "hood­ hate list because there is no way to a secret "Alpha File" on young Blacks lums," and "hard-core youth of­ challenge- it, no standard or criteria who have been labeled "dangerous" fenders." used, no checks, no verification of protest on the basis of unconfirmed reports facts." from bus, drivers, school personnel, Disclosure of the files has led to pro­ The day after the suit was filed, housing authority employees, and rec­ tests in the Black community and the the Los Angeles city council voted ad­ L.A. police reational workers. bringing of a class-action suit by the ditional funds to maintain and ex­ A call to a special police phone Airerican Civil Liberties Union pand the project in spite of objections number is sufficient to tag any Black (ACL U) of Southern California, the that the secret files are outrageously ~Alpha file' youth as a "hoodlum" or "gang of­ Greater Watts Criminal Justice Cen­ unconstitutional and a racist attack fender" and to open the door to ex­ ter, the Western Center on Law and against the Black community. pulsion from school, probation, de­ Poverty, and the National Conference on youth tention, police surveillance, denial of of Black Lawyers. The suit seeks a The council's action is subject to employment, and other harassment. permanent injunction to stop the po­ approval by Mayor Tom Bradley. Although these young people have lice department from gathering, main­ Bradley has so far refused to condemn not been arrested or charged with any taining, and giving out information the activities of the police department crime, Police Chief Edward Davis and in the Alpha File. in this matter.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 9 In· Our Opinion Letters

The easy way the issue of busing in Boston, and Jobs for All! The Militant is the only paper Enclosed is $10 for 11 prepaid The new year has begun with 6. 5 million Americans-by the that has extensive reports. Militant subscription cards. Please government's own figures-out of work. Administration of­ Keep up the good coverage. send the cards as soon as possible. ficials admit that we can expect another million to lose their Ron Cameron I am gl~d you are doing this, Winnipeg, Manitoba jobs in 1975. Other analysts who aren't on the government and I suggest you continue to run payroll are less optimistic. frequent ads on the prepaid pro­ As always, the most oppressed and exploited are hit the gram. I'm certain many other hardest. Among Blacks, the official unemployment rate has working sisters and brothers who reached 12.8 percent, compared with the overall rate of have been reading The Militant for Perceptive voter 7.1 percent. a long time, and who now realize it The voter turnout, or rather lack of What is the government doing about this? is extremely important that others it, for the November elections On Dec. 31, President Ford signed a bill providing money read too, will sell subscriptions this indicates the depth of cynicism for 100,000 public service jobs. The measure, he declared, easy way. among Americans. will provide "much-needed help to our unemployed fellow H. B. This disgust with the Democratic citizens." Salt Lake City, Utah and Republican hacks was illustrated But 100,000 jobs is only a token gesture compared to in the New Hampshire state what is needed. Five times that number were laid off in De­ [Prepaid subscription cards are a senate race, where one voter got so cember alone. good way to win new subscribers to upset that he wrote in big, bold letters across his ballot, "CROOKS." The Democratic and Republican politicians are also talking The Militant. Readers can buy the cards from The Militant and collect It is none too surprising that about a cut in income taxes to stimulate the economy. But a dollar back each time they sell both the Democrats and Republicans what good is an income tax cut to those without any income? an introductory sub. claimed the vote was theirs. For the 6.4 million who won't get any public works jobs, Each card already has a stamp David Ellis Ford has extended the period for which they can collect the on it, so all you have to do is fill Indianapolis, Ind. totally inadequate unemployment benefits available. in the subscriber's name and address This is the "solution" being offered to working people in and drop it in the nearest mailbox. the face of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depres­ The new reader will begin to sion. It is a "solution" in the interests of the Rockefellers, receive The Militant the next week. Correction not of the working class. The cards are sold for $1 each In my article published in the We propose an alternative program. and are good for a two-month intro­ Nov. 22 issue of The Militant about the demonstration against e The government should institute a massive public works ductory subscription. Order from the Militant Business Office, 14 Charles Ford's visit to South Korea, there is program to build quality housing, hospitals, schools, mass an error. It says, "Those who at­ Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. transportation systems, sewage plants, and similar projects. tended the rally were primarily Send $5 for five cards or $10 for These things are desperately needed, and the labor and pro­ elderly, including a large number of 11.] ductive capacity to undertake them are available. women." eJobless workers should be paid unemployment benefits at It should have read that those who union wage scales, for as long as they are out of work. Work­ attended were primarily older, a relative word by which I meant to ers are not responsible for unemployment, and their lives Not just Boston indicate that they were mostly more should not be shattered because of it. The Militants coverage of the Bos­ than 30 years old. e Unemployment could be reduced immediately by reduc­ ton struggle for desegregation is And while it is true that there ing the workweek without any cut in pay in order to spread excellent. Your contention that this were a number of harlmoni (grand­ the available work to all those who want a job. issue will be an important one in mothers) and haraboji (grand­ many cities across the country is The anger of the millions who are the victims of the cap­ fathers) present, they were all young certainly accurate. in spirit. Many of them bought italist economic crisis is beginning to find its expression in In Baltimore, United Parents action. Operation PUSH has called for demonstrations to copies of The Militant. (UP), a group that organized to George Johnson demand "Jobs for All!" on Jan. 15. fight a school-desegregation order, Los Angeles, Calif. These demonstrations can be a step toward organizing is still in business. masses of people to defend their interests, through actions According to a recent interview in independent of the Democratic and Republican parties. They the City Dweller with Ruth Daiker, should be supported by the trade-union movement and its spokesperson for UP, there are 13 Keeping in touch junior high students out of school allies. I am in the remote town of Pull­ because of parental objections to the man trying to finish school, and busing plan. The 13 are from the The Militant is one of my only overwhelmingly white Medfield­ touches with what is really hap­ Hampden area of the city. UP ar­ pening in the world. ranged and financed tutoring for Your articles help to keep my them. Indochina war strength and determination up to Daiker insisted in the interview Two years after the signing of Nixon's Vietnam "peace pact," fight for human rights and to feel that UP is not a segregationist and 14 months after war criminal Henry Kissinger was compassion for our fellow brothers group. She said her only concern and sisters in the common struggle. awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an Associated Press dispatch is for the children's safety. When Thank you. reported: asked about racism in her com­ R.W. munity, she admitted that "there is "High U. S. officials in Washington were considering what Pullman, Wash. steps could be taken to bolster support for South Vietnam some prejudice in the Hampden in the face of the Communist offensive which they believe area." will intensify." "We've got to live with the rest of the world and little by little the On Jan. 7, the U.S. aircraft carrier Enterprise left its base feelings must be chipped away. in the Philippines for an unannounced destination. Despite Lucio Cabanas There's a million ways to accom­ On Dec. 7, 35 people picketed the denials from Washington, reports persisted that the warship plish this, through cultural ex­ Mexican consulate in San Antonio, was headed for Vietnam. change, any number of ways, but Tex., protesting the murder of A Pentagon official insisted that the congressional ban on nothing as drastic and unpopular Mexican guerrilla leader Lucio military action in Indochina does not extend to U. S. ships as forced busing." Cabanas. The demonstration was operating in international waters. In fact, it was disclosed Need I translate her remarks? called by TU-CASA and was As you have pointed out, a that U.S. aircraft carriers had been off the coast of Vietnam addressed by Antonio Cabral of setback in Boston would bolster UP TU-CASA. "from time to time" since the peace treaty was signed and and similar formations around the U.S. involvement supposedly ended in 1973. The leaflet distributed at the country even more. picket said, in part The truth is that Washington has never given up its goal Annemarie Hill "Lucio Cabanas, guerrilla leader of preserving the capitalist-landlord regimes in Saigon and Baltimore, Md. of the Mexican people, fell in battle Phnom Penh, and capitalist property relations on the Indo­ against the murderer Mexican army, chinese peninsula as a whole. This is why it continues to Monday, December 2, 1974. fmance the hated military dictatorships there. And that is . "We, Mexican citizens exiled in why every crisis for these regimes raises the threat of a new, Keep it up this country for economic reasons, direct U. S. intervention. Your ongoing coverage of the fight regret his death deeply, but his against racism in Boston has disappearance does not mean the All the phony peace pacts in the world notwithstanding, made selling The Militant easy at end of the struggle of the Mexican there will be no peace in Indochina so long as the U. S. gov­ the University of Winnipeg. people to liberate th~mselves .... ernment is committed to upholding tyranny and exploitation Many Black students from the It cannot mean the end of the strug­ there against the interests and desires of the Indochinese United States, Mrica, and the gle because social conditions in peoples. Caribbean are very interested in Mexico are at such a low that we

10 By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith literally have nothing to lose but A day in Garrity's court the chains of our virtual enslave­ BOSTON- Ever since his June 21 desegregation rul­ be found in criminal contempt of court, Garrity ex­ ment. ing, the courtroom decisions of Federal District Judge plained his decision with twisted and puzzling logic. "In Mexico there still is hunger in Arthur Garrity have been pivotal to much of the "There are many things that can be done to ob­ the countryside and in the cities. In struggle here. struct and to block the court's order.... There is Mexico 20 per cent of our children Although he ordered Black students bused into overt, open opposition such as the organization or are still dying before they reach the South Boston this fall, he has refused to send fed­ encouraging of boycotts by students." (The school age of five years. In Mexico eral troops to protect their trip into that lion's den. committee is certainly guilty here.) almost half of the population is And though he originally ordered a final desegre­ "There are subtle types of opposition ... such as still illiterate. gation plan wherein the student body of each school by promoting persons who oppose desegregation "In Mexico for each dollar that is would reflect the racial composition of the entire and favoring persons who oppose it in the manner produced, 35 cents go directly to the system, he has since said he may exclude the pre­ of promotion or in the manner of assignments." (Guil­ United States of North America.. dominantly white schools in East Boston and ty twke.) "In Mexico the government con­ Charlestown. "There are other types of pernicious or willful or tinues to finance a para-military, With this as his track record, all eyes were on persistent violations of the court's orders or some fascist group called 'halcones' Garrity Dec. 18 when he ordered three members of act serving to obstruct an order, which may be, and (falcon) and uses them to attack the school committee to appear on a contempt-of­ indeed often have been punished and prosecuted as students, workers and peasants court motion filed by the NAACP, plaintiffs in the criminal contempt." (Guilty thrice.) that protest against the inhuman original desegregation suit. The committee had re­ But, Garrity concluded: "The basis of the refusal system that exists in Mexico. " fused to submit a final desegregation plan as Gar­ to approve this plan is the conviction of these three Marty Anderson rity had ordered. members ... that any widespread desegregation of Houston, Tex. An hour before before court time, a mob of 100 the schools would ... endanger the safety of stu­ "Southies" had blocked the corridor and were dents. And an action taken by public officials on a grumbling because there were only seats inside for ground such as that could not under any circum­ the press. stances in my opinion reasonably be found to be They were every bit a roughneck crew- rowdy criminal. What is to be expected of officials who be­ Some boss lieve they are being asked to do something which I am glad to see a paper that has men, young toughs, and women who cried, "No! would endanger the safety of the young children open views. I especially appreciate Where's he think he's going!" at me when I walked over whom they have charge?" The Militant because of my social by. Marshals, using benches like pistons in an en­ Fortunately the court proceedings are only one isolation- as I am employed by gine, finally pushed them back. part of the struggle here. Garrity on a later date the U.S. Army. Arriving late and slinking in like rogues were the A GI new lawyers for the school committee. John Kerrigan, found the three guilty of the lesser charge of civil New Jersey the committee head, sashayed in looking like Bugs contempt. But on Dec. 18 the mobsters were the vic­ Moran himself. tors. They didn't even need their mob outside, which Soon Garrity appeared and hammered the ses­ never got in to see the symbol of U.S. justice that sion to order. Usually described in the press as a hangs there- that statue of the blindfolded woman Capitalist 'iustice' painstaking and thorough legal mind, he instead holding the twin scales, which tells us that justice is In case you missed it, more "justice": appeared befuddled and overwhelmed. blind and that in a court of law, lawlessness is out­ "Drug charges against Phyllis Mter denying a motion that the board members weighed. Bradley, 29-year-old daughter of Los Angeles Mayor Thomas Bradley, have been dismissed; but a codefendant was convicted of possessing LSD and cocaine."­ National Picket Line Houston Chronicle, Dec. 12, 1974. Joel Hollis Houston, Tex. Frank Lovell

Good answers Pollution of political waters Every day in the Detroit Free Press Those clean-looking Exxon Corporation advertise­ Now it turns out that Ashland is guilty of another a box on the front page is reserved ments on television showing brightly colored fish $170,000 in illegal "gifts" that it tried to hide in the for an opinion poll of certain is­ swimming in clear waters around offshore oil rigs earlier investigation and court action. Included in sues or topics that are in the head­ will not erase the pollution of Santa Barbara's these transactions were $50,000 in cash delivered lines. They pose a question and you beaches. Nor will they restore the beauty of Bantry to Robert Strauss from June 1970 to February 1972. call a number to respond yes or no. Bay or save the marine life destroyed by the wreck Strauss is head of the Democratic national committee. Usually it is difficult to tell how of the tanker Metula in the Strait of Magellan off This company also used $6,864 to pay back accurate they are, but sometimes the tip of South America. "private contributions" of certain trusted employees the comments given to the Oil companies pollute the environment wherever they to the campaign committees of Hubert Humphrey recording device are the most drill for oil and wherever they transport, store, and when he tried to win the Democratic nomination for interesting. I think Militant readers refine their products. There is no indication that president in 1972. would be interested in a recent one they intend to protect the environment anywhere ex­ In February 1972 Ashland paid back more "private that showed that people are not cept on the TV screens. contributions" in the amount of $2,500 that went to going to continue taking the bosses' More TV watchers are aware of the wanton waste the Friends of Tower committee to help reelect Senator schemes to raise prices any more: and destruction of natural resources caused by the John Tower, Texas Republican. "Question: Henry Ford II sug­ oil companies than the publicity departments of these The former Republican governor of Kentucky, gested a 1 0-cent-a-gallon increase in companies realize. Fewer people believe the false Louie Nunn, received $10,000 from Ashland for the gasoline tax, which would be advertising today than a year ago. The Oil, Chem­ his unsuccessful campaign for the U.S. Senate in used as extended unemployment ical and Atomic Workers union is largely responsible 1972. benefits for people hurt by the for getting out some of tPe truth. This corporation also gave $50,000 to the Demo­ current economic slowdown. Would It is likewise becoming common knowledge since cratic presidential campaign in 1968 (Humphrey) you favor such a plan?" Watergate that these same oil companies also pol­ and $100,000 to the Republicans (Nixon). These con­ The results were 80.7 percent lute the political environment. In this area they may tributions were also illegal but no action can be said no and 19.3 percent said yes. not be the worst, but they have a high rating along brought against the corporation or any of its of­ Among the responses in the no with the milk trust. ficers because a five-yeaE statute of limitations has answer were: "Only a rich man could In the Senate Watergate hearings, a Washington expired. say that," "People wouldn't be oil and gas lobbyist by the name of Carl Arnold was The maximum fine of $25,000 was imposed for unemployed if cars didn't cost so identified as a close friend of Wilbur Mills, demoted the later contributions. Oren Atkins, chairman of Ash­ much," "Let's tax the rich more to chairperson of the House Ways and Means Com­ land, says he will pay the fine personally. If he runs help the poor," and, "Maybe so­ mittee. Arnold passed contributions to Mills from true to form he will add the fine to his expense ac­ cialism is the answer." the Gulf Oil Corporation. count and write it off as a tax deduction. Steve Beumer This same Carl Arnold, it was revealed Dec. 30, Humphrey, Strauss, Mills, Tower, Nunn, and all Detroit Mich. also served Ashland Oil, Inc., a Kentucky-based out­ the others in both the Democratic and Republican fit with plenty of money to help pollute the Washing­ parties who have their hands out for all the oil ton political atmosphere. Arnold received from Ash­ money that is passed around claim that they never land $100,000 in cash from September 1971 to Feb­ had any idea where it came from and never knew The letters column is an open forum ruary 1972 for delivery to candidates for election that it was illegal. for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ to the House and Senate. At that time Arnold was a This problem of political pollution in which the Re­ eral interest to our readers. Please fund-raiser for Mills, who hoped to win the Demo­ publican and Democratic parties serve as pipelines keep your letters brief. Where neces­ cratic Party presidential nomination. is one that ought to be cleaned up by the union sary they will be abridged. Please in­ More than a year ago Ashland Oil pleaded guilty movement. A good way to begin is to expose and dicate if your name may be used or to an illegal contribution of $100,000 to Nixon's repudiate those fake ''friends of labor" whose hands if you prefer that your initials be used 1972 reelection campaign. The company got off with are grimy with oil-money bribes, and stop swimming instead. a fine of $5,000. in the polluted waters of capitalist party politics.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 11 The Great Society Harry Ring

To each according to their need- It vate dining room for Agriculture Sec­ Cadillacs generally aren't affected by may have seemed harsh when the Ag­ retary Earl Butz and his friends. recessions." riculture Department upped the cost of food stamps 30 percent. It does Eh?-Pupils in classes in 55 New Victim of scarcity- Founded in 1971 mean, for example, that a single per­ York public schools that border clat­ with the declared aim of featuring son with an income of $150 a month tering elevated trains are three to 13 "good news," the Pasadena Union will pay $45 for $46 worth of stamps. months behind other students in read­ is now deceased. However, extremely destitute people ing capacity, according to a recent will continue getting stamps free. "Ex­ study. At one school a train goes by Celebrating the American Way­ tremely destitute" means having an every four-and-a-half minutes, shoot­ George McDonald stepped aside as income of less than $20 a month for a ing up the decibel count for 30 sec­ chairperson of the Rhode Island Bi­ single person and less than $30 for a onds. This results in "screaming ses­ centennial Commission after being in­ household. sions," the study said, as pupils and dicted on two charges of soliciting teachers shout to be heard. bribes in connection with commission business. Balanced approach- As if to demon­ Sounds reasonable- While other auto­ strate that the hike in food-stamp costs mobile sales have slumped, Cadillac Thought for the week- "We've got isn't the result of being tightfisted, NO WIN BUTTON? Millionaire Elsie Pol­ production remains at its peak. One the greatest system in the world. We've the Agriculture Department is currently lack and butler serve guests chili. She's customer interviewed on TV explained, just got to find a way to make it spending $185,000 to build a new pri- helping to fight inflation. somewhat frostily, "People who buy work."- Nelson Rockefeller.

Women In Revolt Linda Jenness 'New Portuguese Letters' ST. LOUIS- The convention of the Young Social­ ual repression. It speaks of madness, suicide, rape, cialists to rally to the defense of Lydia Falcon and ist Alliance held here Dec. 28-Jan. 1 was high­ back-street abortions, and imprisonment. The book Genoveva Forest de Sastre, the Spanish feminists lighted by many special events. One such event is an outcry against suffering. arrested and tortured last September by the Span- . was the appearance of Maria Isabel Barreno to The case of the Three Marias gained support ish government. They are still in prison. address the convention. around the world. Feminists, writers, and civil She also spoke about Inez Etien Romeo. Romeo Maria Isabel Barreno is one of three Portuguese libertarians banded together in an international is a Brazilian condemned to life imprisonment women whose courageous stand in speaking out protest movement. Shortly before the April 25, by the Brazilian dictatorship for her political ac­ against the oppression of women made them inter­ 1974, military coup, the government prosecutor tivity. She was brutally tortured for 100 days and nationally famous. They became known as the recommended dismissal of the charges, and on desperately needs international support and de­ "Three Marias." May 7 the Three Marias were formally acquitted. fense. Petitions are being circulated in Europe and The three- Maria Isabel Barreno, Maria Velho New Portuguese Letters is being translated into the United States urging the president of Brazil da Costa, and Maria Teresa Horta- wrote a book several languages and is now available in English, to review her case and set her free. titled New Portuguese Letters, published in Por­ published by Doubleday. tugal in April 1972. The book was confiscated Maria Isabel Barreno participated in the YSA Barreno has been in the United States for several by the Portuguese dictatorship and the three fem­ convention as part of the international defense months writing a dramatic adaptation of New Por­ inists were arrested and put on trial. The book, panel. She summarized her own case, emphasizing tuguese Letters. the government charged, was an "outrage to pub­ the importlj.nce of the international defense in win­ She will be on a national speaking tour for five lic morals" and "an abuse of freedom of the press." ning her freedom. weeks in January and February, covering seven New Portuguese Letters, in reality, is a strong ''My story," she told the convention, "is a story major U. S. cities. Several organizations will be denunciation of the plight of women in Portugal. with a happy ending. But we must go on." participating in the tour activities, including the It portrays their isolation and loneliness, their Barreno told of the cases of other women im­ YSA, the Socialist Workers Party, and the National economic and political oppression, and their sex- prisoned for their ideas. She asked the young so- Organization for Women. i La Raza en AcciOn! Miguel Pendas Fifth anniversary of La Raza Unida LOS ANGELES- Just five years ago, on Jan.5, of Crista! is celebrating the fifth anniversary of the inability of the Black Panthers with their ultra­ 1970, Chicanos ended a successful mass boycott the launching of the Raza Unida Party- a very revolutionary rhetoric, to sink roots in the Black of Crystal City, Tex., schools. important event indeed. community. The further decline of the Black Pan­ Since they are 85 percent of the population of The concept of an independent Chicano party had ther Party and its subsequent capitulation to the 10,000 there, the Chicanos figured they should been raised in the Plan of Aztll1n, a manifesto of Democrats have shown how correct those Chicanos have some voice in running things. The walkout, Chicano liberation drafted at the 1969 Chicano were in their assessment five years ago. which lasted nearly a month, involved hundreds Youth Liberation Conference in Denver, hosted I think that in the five years since La Raza of students and their parents. It was a turning by the Crusade for Justice. Activists from the Texas Unida Party was first put into practice, its vi­ point in the political life of the area. The school Chicano student group MAYO (Mexican-American ability has been as clearly demonstrated by ex­ administrators were finally forced to meet the Chi­ Youth Organization) put it into practice for the perience as has the failure of the ultraleft perspec­ cano demands. first time, in Crystal City. tive. The local school board, composed of Mexican­ In March of 1970 the idea of La Raza Unida A study made by the Committee to Re-Elect the American Democrats, did not side with the Chi­ Party ( R UP) was the subject of intense discussion President (CREEP) prior to the 1972 presidential canos. This led the boycott activists to two con­ at the second Chicano Youth Liberation Conference election showed that 75 percent of all Chicanos in­ clusions. First, they decided they had to fight for in Denver, attended by 4,000 people. terviewed in Los Angeles had heard of La Raza control of the school board. Secondly, they felt Members of the Crusade for Justice argued that Unida, and 50 percent approved of it. As con­ that even where it presented Brown faces, the Demo­ such a party was needed to oppose the enemy at fidence in the two capitalist parties declines, it cratic Party could not serve as a vehicle for achiev­ the polls as well as to organize the Chicano com­ is clear that La Raza Unida has tremendous po­ ing this. munity to fight for total liberation. The day after tential for growth as an alternative to the Demo­ Therefore, shortly after the boycott victory it the conference ended, the Crusade led other Chi­ cratic and Republican parties. was announced that an independent Chicano po­ canos in announcing that the Colorado RUP was An effective, mass Raza Unida Party, unlike litical party was being formed in South Texas. being formed and would enter candidates in the the twin parties of capitalism and racism, would Within three months, La Raza Unida Party swept state elections. be controlled by, and responsible only to, the the elections in Cristal, winning control of the There was a minority at the conference that Chicano people. Such a party could win the al­ school board and the two open seats on the five­ wanted Chicanos to follow the Black Panther Party legiance of millions and could lead the struggle member city council. By breaking with the Demo­ model of combining ''urban guerrilla warfare" for self-determination on all fronts. It could turn crats and Republicans and winning offices, Chi­ actions with concentrating on such projects as political life in this country upside down. canos in Crystal City thrust themselves into the serving free breakfasts for schoolchildren. They Such a development would confirm that Jan. 5, national spotlight. felt that participation in elections was a sellout. 1970, is a truly historic date for the Chicano peo­ Now, in January 1975, the Chicano community Most participants rejected this perspective, citing ple.

12 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

JANUARY 17, 1975

with the prospect of more layoffs in January. In Italy, Fiat has put more than 70,000 workers on a three-day lnflationl recession & shortag~ workweek. A prolonged depression in the automobile industry would have a profound effect on investment and the rate of growth throughout the 1974: The year of the big slump whole capitalist economy. The crisis in the automobile indus­ By Dick Fidler try is an expression of the classic ten­ dency of every capitalist boom to pro­ As 197 4 drew to a close, the world duce more than can be sold on the capitalist economy was heading to­ market. The greater the overproduc­ ward the first generalized recession tion, the more will current output and since the second world war. employment be curtailed. In mid-November, the Organization But in addition to the recession in for Economic Cooperation and De­ most sectors, marked shortages have velopment (OECD) predicted that the appeared in some important sectors­ world's seven major capitalist econo­ in pa·rticul ar, energy (especially oil) mies would show an average growth and food. These shortages are the in production of about 1% during result of the deliberate policies of mo­ 1975. But many economists thought nopoly capital. that the forecast was overly optimistic. An example in 197 4 was the "energy In the last quarter of 197 4, the in­ crisis." In retaliation against Western dustrial output of most of the major support to Israel in -the October 1973 imperialist economies was declining. war, th( Arab oil-producing countries The growth in the volume of world cut production by 5% a month, im­ trade was slackening noticeably. Un­ posed a total boycott on oil exports to employment was nsmg rapidly, the United States and the Netherlands, reaching close to an official 7% of and carried out a series of increases the work force in the United States in royalties and taxes that quadrupled and more than 3% in most West Euro­ the price of oil at the wellhead. These pean countries. The forecast every­ price increases were passed on directly where was for a deepening of the re­ to consumers by the major oil com­ cession in 197 5, with no prospect of panies, which control the international an upturn before the second half of market. the year at the earliest. In raising oil prices, the Arab re­ Symptomatic of the developing crisis gimes belonging to OPEC (the Organ­ were the gloomy comments in the cap­ ization of Petroleum Exporting Coun­ italist p·ress. New York Times colum­ tries) hoped to strengthen their hand nist C.L. Sulzberger wrote from Paris in negotiations with the imperialist October 30 that "we appear to be on powers at the Geneva conference. They or over the brink" of a collapse like also s'ought to enhance their national­ that of the 1930s. Overproduction in automobile industry has resulted in huge inventories of unsold ist image among the Arab masses, Sulzberger added that "it is con­ vehicles and massive layoffs. who were mobilizing in response to sidered axiomatic by many so-called the military victories scored against experts that no democracy can for Israel in the initial phase of the war. long survive an inflation rate exceed­ is that it coincides with a high level aggravated by arms spending, which, The rise in oil prices, however, fitted ing 20 per cent." of inflation, which in some countries for example, accounts' for about a in very well with the policies of the giant oil trusts. Of the seven major The Common Market ministers, at continues to rise despite the recession. third of the U.S. government budget. oil companies, five are U. S.-owned. their December meeting in Paris, dis­ "Double-digit' inflation has now hit The increased difficulties encountered cussed the possibility of the recession most capitalist economies. Inflation in by businesses in financing needed ex­ Oil Trusts' Policies in the United States starting a chain the major West European countries pansion have resulted in a growing reaction of declining trade and in­ ranges from a low of 7% in West Ger­ chain of bankruptcies, decreases in The oil trusts want to lessen their creased protectionism that might drag many (by far the strongest economy) capital spending, cutbacks in output, dependence on sources in the semi­ down the whole West European to 17% in Britain, and over 20% in and widespread layoffs. Thesedevelop­ colonial world, where they face rising economy. Italy. In the United States, retail prices ments lead to a generalized downturn threats of nationalization and in­ are rising by close to 12% a year, in economic activity. creased demands to reinvest their prof­ End of Postwar 'Boom' and in Japan by 25%. The downturn began about a year its in the producing countries instead The worldwide inflation and the con­ ago in automobiles and construction, of exporting them. The companies are The simultaneous occurrence of re­ current downturn are exacerbated by and spread rapidly . to electrical and seeking sources in areas under direct cessions in the United States, Britain, the increasing interimperialist rivalry. other household appliances, petro­ imperialist control such as Alaska's and Japan marks the end of the long Competition among multinational chemicals, textiles and clothing, and North Slope, the North Sea, the Nor­ postwar "boom." trusts speeds concentration of capital; aviation. While steel was a holdout, wegian coastal waters, and the off­ In previous recessionary phases, the rapid technological innovations short­ particularly in the United States­ shore wells in the Gulf of Mexico. impact of downturns in some countries en the life cycle of fixed capital; the thanks in part to unfilled orders for The oil trusts are also seeking prof­ was lessened by simultaneous up­ falling rate of profit (as a result of pipelines, derricks, and refineries as itable alternative sources of energy, swings in others. But the cost of sta­ the increased organic composition of a result of the expansion in new oil such as coal, nuclear energy, and oil bilizing these cyclical downturns was capital) requires companies to rely exploitations- the recession has now shale. permanent and growing inflation, as increasingly on "external" financing, reached this sector, too. Long before the Arab oil boycott and governments strove to stimulate their borrowing more and more extensively price increases, the trusts moved to economies by expanding credit and to finance expansion of plants and Depression in create shortages in U.S. supplies of printing more money. Increasing dol­ equipment. Automobile Industry oil by deliberately cutting back pro­ lar inflation led to the crisis and col­ The U.S. magazine Business Week duction and limiting construction of lapse of the international monetary estimated in October that the total debt In the automobile industry, the sit­ new refineries. This helped to drive up system established at Bretton Woods load of the world capitalist economy uation is acute. Sales are currently domestic prices and profits. It also in 1944, opening a new period in. could be more than $10 trillion. The down by about 40% from a year helped to create an "energy crisis" psy­ the late 1960s of increasing riv airy United States accoupts for a quarter earlier in the United States, by 20% chosis that enabled the oil barons to in. international trade and finance and of this debt. in West Germany, and by 27% in defeat the ecology movement in such of slower growth in all the major im­ Inflation of the currency increases Britain. About 200,000 U.S. produc­ a key area as Alaska and to increase perialist economies. the liquidity squeeze on businesses. tion workers-more than a quarter the pressure for lifting restrictions on A peculiar feature of this recession And currency inflation is itself greatly of the total-were laid off in December, Continued on next page World Outlook W0/2

... worldwide economic crisis results in threats of war Continued from preceding page breaking ranks and trying to improve .offshore drilling and on the develop­ their own competitive position by uni­ ment and exploitation of "dirty" fuels lateral deals with the OPEC states. like coal and nuclear energy. At the international energy confer­ The Arab boycott gave the com­ ence in Washington in February 1974, panies an excuse to blame the Arabs Kissinger initiated the formation of a for the very situation that the com­ "counter-cartel" of oil-consuming panies themselves had created. states, involving common agreement The fourfold increase in oil prices to restrict consumption, build huge had a devastating effect on the main stockpiles, and share supplies in the capitalist competitors of the United event of a renewal of the Arab boy­ States. While the United States imports cott or similar shortages. only 15% of the oil it consumes, West­ The West Europeans were at first ern Europe and Japan are dependent reluctant to go along with this plan. on imports for 65% and 98% of their In a joint statement February 5, on oil, most of it coming from the Arab the eve of the Washington conference, East. The balance-of-payments deficits the Common Market council of min­ of West European countries, including isters appealed to Washington to al­ Britain, Italy, and France, the hard­ low them more freedom of maneuver est-hit countries, were expected to total in their relations with the producer at least $20 billion in 1974. countries. But as the world economic As a result, the U.S. dollar rose crisis deepened, they gradually sub­ relative to other currencies, reflecting Risi!'IQ prices prompted U.S. meat boycott in 1973. They continued to go up in 1974. mitted. The alternative to "energy its regained strength. On January 7, sharing" under U. S. leadership, Kis­ 1974, the yen was devalued by 6. 7%, singer made clear, was an all-out and on January 19, the Pompidou These price leaps paralleled a huge Western Europe, and the United trade war in which the United States government announced that the franc increase in the volume of U.S. food States. would clearly hold the upper hand. would be set free of any fixed rates, exports, beginning in 1972, so that Referring to the OPEC strategy of A sixteen-state International Energy as the Japanese and French govern­ recent profit increases are even greater. charging higher prices to the oil mo­ Agency (ratified November 15) was ments sought to alleviate their expected In other words, as famine-stricken nopolies, Venezuelan President Carlos set up for stockpiling and "sharing" payments deficits. countries were forced to purchase Andres Perez said in a September 25 through "majority decision." The larg­ In October, the Japanese vice-min­ more, U. S. prices rose propor­ "Open Letter to Ford" that "we see no est number of weighted votes is held ister of international trade and in­ tionately. other way to confront the economic by the United States. dustry, Eimei Yamashita, predicted a totalitarianism that has been coming The energy crisis underscored the depression in 1975. He attributed it to the fore in business and world Limitations of 'Oil Weapon' relative superiority of U. S. impe­ in large part to the increased oil prices, trade.... " This is an understandable rialism in relation to its leading com­ which he called a "fatal blow to the reply, but it reveals the limitations of petitors. Ironically, the increased impoverish­ Japanese economy." the national bourgeoisie. The only ef­ ment of most of the semicolonial world A major casualty of the increasing Higher oil prices became one of the fective reply is to break out of the resulting from the recession and infla­ international rivalry was the. attempt generators of the general increase in capitalist system itself by expropriat­ tion exposed the underlying weakness to structure closer pan-European cap­ world prices, affecting the cost of ing private industry and initiating in the arguments of those who saw the italist integration through the Euro­ planned economic .development under OPEC countries' "oil weapon" as a pean Economic Community. The the protection of a state monopoly of Common Market's fragile unity was viable means of redressing the un­ foreign trade. favorable terms of trade imposed on fractured when Italy and Denmark imposed limitations on imports origi­ them by the imperialist countries. Washington Threatens War The leaders of many . OPEC coun­ nating from other EEC countries. The tries argued justifiably that they were Imperialism's response to the "oil Wilson government decided to rene­ only doing with raw materials what weapon" was not long in being formu­ gotiate the terms of Britain's member­ the imperialists have always done with lated. Washington began testing pub­ ship. Efforts to achieve a "common their exports to the underdeveloped lic reaction on the use of troops should floaf' of the currencies of the nine world- charge what the market would the oil-producing countries of the member countries failed. bear. Their case was put most clearly, Arab-Persian Gulf go too far in "dis­ West Germany was the only major perhaps, by the shah of Iran, who rupting" the world capitalist economy country not to suffer balance-of-pay­ stated, "If the world prices go down, through their oil policy. ments deficits resulting from oil im­ we will go down with oil prices. But These threats became more explicit ports. It was torn between demands if they go up, why should we pay as the danger of a world depression, from its European allies to adopt a the bill?" He proposed linking the aggravated by the inflationary effect "new push for the Common Market," and the option of refusing to under­ Punta Critico price of oil to an index based on the of petrodollar investments and oil-in­ prices of selected manufactured im­ duced balance-of-payments problems, write the other EEC economies. The ports. became more apparent. In September, first course would mean absorbing many essential commodities ranging In fact, for most of the oil producers, following an OPEC decision to main­ from synthetic fabrics to fertilizer. the inflated prices of imported goods, tain its oil price and possibly increase For the semicolonial countries that including oil derivatives like fertilizer, it within a few months, Ford and Kis­ are dependent on imported oil, the and food imports, would in the long singer escalated the offensive against increased prices had a particularly run undermine much of the advantage the oil producers, hinting broadly at disastrous effect. The prices of essen­ of their increased oil revenues. In any possible military intervention. tial imports soared, giving these coun­ case, only a small part of the oil rev­ No one could doubt Washington's tries some of the highest rates of in­ enues, if any, was likely to benefit the readiness to follow up its threats with flation in the world. The enormous masses of the population in these action. The news media carried arti­ increases in the cost of fertilizer and countries, some of which are ruled cles citing "informed sources" in Wash­ food imports were a direct cause of by particularly conservative regimes. ington describing possible "covert op­ the famine that ravaged large areas Nor are increases in the prices of erations" that involved such items as of Africa and the Indian subcontinent specific raw materials a solution for "selective assassinations" of Arab lead­ during the year. the underdeveloped countries as a ers. U. S. troops were photographed Food exports are an additional ex­ whole. As the fate of the semicolonial training in desert warfare. At a Sep­ ample of the aggressive policies of oil-importing countries has vividly tember 16 news conference, Ford de­ U.S. corporations in the intensified demonstrated, whatever the benefits fended CIA covert operations to sub­ struggle for markets. The United for the oil producers from the conjunc­ vert and overthrow regimes deemed States is by far the world's largest tural demand for their product, they hostile to U. S. interests. food exporter, and its policies greatly were gained at the expense of in­ A major aim of this propaganda affect world prices. In the July 29 creased impoverishment for other was to portray the Arabs as the cause issue of Intercontinental Press. Dick semicolonial countries, as the oil trusts of the world inflation and recession, Roberts cited recent price increases in simply passed on the increased well­ in much the same way as the great U.S. exports: corn (the U.S. accounts head price to consumers. And the limi­ economic crisis in the 1930s was for 45% of world exports), up 220% tations of the "oil weapon" as an in­ blamed by some on the Jews. since 1966; rice (U.S. share, 27%), strument of Arab diplomacy were re­ up 361% since 1967; soybeans (U.S. vealed when the oil companies. used U.S. Persuades Allies share, 94% ), up 233% since 1967; their control of the capitalist market to 'Cooperate' wheat (U.S. share, 32%, Canada, to circumvent the boycott by rationing. Besides· pressuring the oil-producing 21%, Australia, 12% ), the price in and otherwise shifting supplies from countries to lower their prices, Wash­ Kansas City rose by 325% since non-Arab sources so as to ensure de­ ington sought to restrain Tokyo and In Africa, inflation led to famine and 1966. liveries to their customers in Japan, its West European competitors from hundreds of thousands starved. W0/3

& rising labor militancy both the balance-of-payments deficits minorities were among those most af­ and the effects of accelerated inflation fected by the mounting layoffs. In the of three of its major partners, France, United States, unemployment among Italy, and Britain. The increased pro­ young Blacks reached 40%, leading tectionism of other West European some politicians to warn of a renewal countries that the second course would of the ghetto revolts that swept major necessarily entail could deal a decisive cities in the 1960s. blow to West Germany's exports, the Under the impact of double-digit in­ foundation of its prosperity. flation in retail prices, workers' real Bonn's announcement December 12 wages were falling in most countries. that it was shifting to an expansionist, The ruling class was confronted by antirecessionary economic policy, de­ a dilemma: Fear of the social conse­ signed to "reflate" its economy, sig­ quences of a massive new rise in un­ nified that it had opted for the first employment inhibited them from ap­ course. But the announcement was ac­ plying sharp deflationary policies; but companied by appeals from Chancel­ continued high inflation rates, which lor Helmut Schmidt that Washington could take a new surge forward as likewise give top priority to fighting governments shifted to expansionist the recession, rather than inflation. policies, raised a similar specter of A strong "reflation" of the West Ger­ mobilization by the working class in man economy will tend to push up defense of its living standards. the prices of German exports, while The dilemma was expressed by the encouraging investment and imports editors of Business Week, in the U.S. British miners were vi~torious in most significant confrontation between labor and from its competitors. magazine's November 9 issue: "Once capital in 197 4. The underlying concern of both it was possible to think in terms of a Bonn and other West European cap­ trade-off between inflation and unem­ itals is that the deepening U.S. re­ ployment. ... In the 1950s and early October 29, 40,000 workers marched movement. But the February 1974 cession will drag their economies down 1960s, a little rise in one would be in support of such demands in Mon­ general election resulted in the Con­ in a worldwide depression. Thus they matched by a decline in the other. treal. The Trudeau government was servatives' defeat, and the new Labour feel obliged to urge measures that But if such a trade-off still exists, the defeated in parliament on a motion government settled the strike by grant­ would improve the economy of their numbers involved are so enormous condemning its failure to stem infla­ ing major concessions to the miners. worst capitalist rival. that they are politically out of the tion; it won the subsequent general Increased protectionism and aggres­ question." election mainly on the strength of its sive efforts to break into each other's For one thing, even minor cutbacks claimed opposition to the wage-con­ markets- these were the stock re­ in employment levels come as a shock trol proposals of the major opposition SUBSCRIBE TO sponses of all capitalist countries as to workers with high expectations con­ party. each sought to shift part of the burden ditioned by twenty-five years of gen­ In the United States, a series of of the recession onto its competitors. eral economic expansion. Moreover, militant strikes in the closing months Intercontinental In first line for attack were working­ the recession comes after a decade or of 197 4- notably the miners' class rights and living standards. more of radicalization throughout the strike- indicated the mood of rising Press Among the early indications of the capitalist world- a radicalization that militancy among the workers. World Outlook can publish only a small ugly measures in store were the moves has already extended deep into the The instability of bourgeois regimes portion of the international news and by many countries to restrict immigra­ working class. in the face of the economic crisis was Marxist analysis contained each week tion, and even deport foreign workers. most evident in Italy, which exper­ in the newsmagazine Intercontinental In Canada, the Trudeau govern­ Workers Respond to Crisis ienced a succession of governmental Press. To be thoroughly informed of ment made a first test of its tightened crises spurred by the Christian Demo­ international revolutionary develop­ immigration restrictions by moving At the outset of the current reces­ cratic-Social Democratic coalition's ments, subscribe to Intercontinental to deport hundreds of Haitian im­ sion the working class was already failure to counter one of the highest Press. migrants, returning them to the making clear. that it is not willing inflation rates in Europe, and a $10 bloody prisons of the Duv alier dic­ to pay the cost of a capitalist "solution" billion trade deficit. ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. tatorship. Ottawa's nationalist stance to the crisis. During 1974 workers' The simultaneous occurrence of in­ ) Enclosed is 50 cents for a single in response to the growing economic militancy continued to rise in West­ flation and economic downturn was a copy of the latest issue. crisis includes plans to phase out oil ern Europe, and there were signifi­ major factor in the political instability exports to the United States (Canada cant indications of similar combativ­ that characterized southern Europe Name______is at present the source of almost 25% ity among the masses in Japan, Aus­ throughout 1974. of U.S. oil imports} and to ban beef tralia, New Zealand, Canada, and Perhaps the most significant test of Address ______imports from the United States. the UnUed States. forces between labor and capital took The Ford administration stepped up In Canada, the trade unions de­ place in Britain. The Heath govern­ City------its efforts to deport "illegal" Mexican manded that contracts be reopened ment, confronted by the miners' strug­ immigrants. The Wilson government and renegotiated to provide catch-up gle to break through its wage-control State ______used the Birmingham bombings to cost-of-living clauses. Unions in policy, put most of British industry place restrictions on Irish immigra­ Quebec formed a Common Front to on a three-day workweek beginning Send to: Intercontinental Press, Box 116 tion to Britain. fight for "indexation"- an escalator in December 1973, and prepared an Village Station, New York, N.Y., 10014. Women, immigrants, and national claqse in every union contract. On electoral confrontation with the labor ' ..)

campaign of repression launched by Act. This act established the special the government the previous month, closed tribunals that are trying the in which Wijeweera was arrested. The rebels. The act permits the tribunals to rebellion was crushed only after function without the presence of the months of brutal military action by accused and to obtain confessions the coalition regime of Sirimavo Ban­ through torture. There is no right to daranaike. Thousands of young peo­ appeal the commission's rulings. ple were killed and more than 14,000 Last August the commission barred Sri lanka rebel leader imprisoned during the state of emer­ one of the main defense attorneys, Ba­ gency declared by the government fol­ la Tampoe, from participating in the lowing the April events. trials. Tampoe is general secretary of At least 6,000 youth are still in the Ceylon Mercantile Union and sec­ sentenced to life in prison prison. Only the forty-one JVP lead­ retary of the Revolutionary Marxist ers on trial including Wijeweera are party, the Sri Lanka section of the Rebel youth leader Rohana Wije­ (JVP- People's Liberation Front) charged with violation of any laws. Fourth International. These two or­ weera was sentenced to life imprison­ who were accused of leading the re­ Last May the International League ganizations have consistently cam­ ment December 20 for supposedly or­ bellion. Twenty-eight were sentenced for the Rights of Man submitted are­ paigned for the restoration of demo­ dering the mass uprising in Sri Lanka along with Wijeweera to prison terms port to United Nations Secretary Gen­ cratic rights in Sri Lanka and there­ in April 1971. The prosecution ranging from two to twelve years. eral Kurt Waldheim charging that the lease of all the political prisoners. claimed that he planned the uprising The government has been conducting holding of these 6,000 political pris­ The order banning Tampoe for al­ from the prison where he was being a show trial of the forty-one since oners without charge was a violation leged "contemptuous conduct" toward held at the time. June of 1972. of human rights the commission was issued while he Wijeweera is one of forty-one lead­ The armed resistance by rebel youth The League also called for repeal was in the middle of an address to the ers of the Janatha Vimukti Peramuna in April 1971 came in response to a of the Criminal Justice Commissions tribunal. World Outlook W0/4

Thirteen da~s in a concentration camP-- An American teacher testifies on torture in Chile [In his November 27 column, Jack cigarettes, one of them Kools, a brand against his mother, who had just been I haven't eaten. I haven't slept. Give Anderson printed extracts from a not available even in the black mar­ cleared and freed after 13 months of me some water!" They answered him sworn affidavit by Amy Conger, an ket in Chile. imprisonment. (In the actual moment firmly "No. Later. We'll only give you American art teacher tortured for thir­ They threatened me with rape2 and when they went to arrest the two, the water if you write a confession that teen days by the Chilean junta. We the DINA (Direccion de Inteligencia daughter had gone to the Women's we like." It seems that they have found are reprinting below the full text of Nacional: a military group specialized Prison to finally accompany her this to be an effective technique for Conger's affidavit, which was inserted in brute physical torture, particularly mother home. Upon arriving and be­ extracting confessions; however, it in the December 4 Congressional Rec­ electric shock, the rack, choking or ing told about their "visitors" by the seems that they are almost always drowning in excrement and pento­ ord by Senator Edward Kennedy.] neighbors, they beat it.) Juan also largely false. thal). They "let me" fall down the stairs As I witnessed all of this I remem­ invented a story about a doctor, a while I was blindfolded. They tortured bered that only a week before Gen­ I lived in Chile from April 19, 1972, neighbor, whom consequently they ar­ people at my side while I was blind­ eral Augusto Pinochet Ugarte had re­ until October 28, 1974. I was con­ rested. The MD was still jailed during traced by the University of Chile to folded. I heard horrible, prolonged peated his declarations about torture screams in the night. I stood for hours my last week there. They couldn't fmd in Chile: that in the first few days teach History of Art in the Depart­ the weapons that he was supposed ment of Fine Arts and Architecture and hours against a wall. They gave after the coup possibly there had been me two cups of water each day to to have but they came across three in Santiago. 1 I taught in the Univer­ a few, isolated, accidental cases of bottles of tranquillizers and assumed sity for more than a year before the drink, 900 calories of food, a perfect torture, but now, it positively did not that he had a clandestine clinic. They coup of September 11, 1973, and for starvation diet. I underwent it for only exist. And he promised adamantly to 13 days. Others have been there for questioned me about the doctor twice. exactly 13 months afterwards. The court-martial anyone involved in tor­ History of Art and Art Education De­ ture. partment was purged after the coup I was extremely fortunate. For th.em, and 64 of the 72 professors were dis­ I was a foreigner, a woman' and a missed. I was one of the 8 that re­ blon'd. I was offered two possibilities: mained. signing a "confession" and being ex­ From October 11th to October 24th pelled from the country or being sent I was imprisoned in the Academia to the DINA and afterwards to a mili­ de Guerra, a concentration camp run tary court where I would receive a by the Air Force for political pris­ sentence of about 30 years. The offi­ oners, for people who had already cers knew perfectly well that my only been condemned and others who were transgression was to have known peo­ suspected of having at some time par­ ple whom they considered to be un­ ticipated in subversive activities. The desirable. For a Chilean this could latter were considered guilty until they have been \\;'Orth a sentence of sev­ could prove their innocence. Every­ eral years, or decades, but it is tick­ one was incommunicado, in isolation. lish with a foreigner since it is com­ I was aware of about 60 prisoners but monly known that in March 1973, I knew there were more in other parts 44% of the country voted for the left, of the building. and consequently, today 44% of the I was brutally arrested October 11th country is undesirable. about 7 p.m. by four men in street clothes with subm achine guns. I was On the 13th day I "confessed." I tightly handcuffed, repeatedly threat­ remember that the "confession" said ened and literally thrown in a car. I something about extremist friends, a was never shown either identification press for subversive literature and be­ or a detention order, contrary to the ing a "fronf' for someone. The U. S. declarations which General Pinochet Pinochet (in helmet) with accomplices. Leaders of rightist coup have organized sys­ Consul arrived at the same time. He had made to the Chilean and inter­ tematic torture as a means of terrorizing Chilean population. had been notified the day (30 hours) national press. One of the men tried before that I was being held by the to pull off my sweater but it was im­ Air Force. On October 12th, the day more than 8 months. They left Juan standing up against possible because I was handcuffed; after my arrest, my teaching assistant The bathroom had running water the wall for entire days without food needless to say I felt conspicuous pass­ had gone to my house, had been ar­ for only about 15 minutes a day to ing through the city bare-breasted. and water, handcuffed, blindfolded. rested, humiliated, witnessed the wan­ They blindfolded me and drove me serve the needs of about 60 prisoners. Finally one day he fainted. They ton and sadistic mass destruction of to an unknown place. Although I The unflushable toilets were teeming grabbed him by his handcuffs, my apartment and had been threat­ asked several times, they would never with flies (it is Spring in Santiago) dragged him along the floor, stood ened with possible death, sure torture let me speak to the U. S. Consul. Later and brimming with great quantities him up and leaned him against the and imprisonment if he told anyone they categorically denied that I had of blood and excrement. The three wall. Since he had not regained con­ what he had seen. He told friends. asked. While I was blindfolded, they stalls were calf high with newspaper sciousness, he fell again. So they re­ He refused to call the U. S. Consulate repeatedly interrogated and harasse

Continued from page l in February. "They will fan out across e Right to free medical care the country, speaking at high schools e Right to secure retirement and campuses and distributing cam­ e Right to know the truth about eco­ paign literature. We'll speak to thou­ nomic and political policies that affect sands about the socialist alternative our lives for 1976," Bailey said. e Right of oppressed national mi­ norities to control their own affairs Working-class independence e Right of workers to decide eco­ 'Working people need their own in­ nomic and political policy dependent organizations to fight for The candidates plan to involve their needs," said Camejo. He pointed unionists, Blacks, women, and others to history to illustrate his point. who are fighting for social change "The colonists who fought against in a discussion on the proposed Bill British rule and the abolitionists who of Rights for working people. fought against slavery learned they "This is an initial draft," explained could have no faith in colonial gov­ Reid. "We will be soliciting sugges­ ernors or slave-owner parties. They tions and reactions from others who formed their own organizations, in­ are fighting against racism, sexism, cluding continental congresses, Black and exploitation in this society." conventions, and political parties. "This lesson holds good for today. Militant/Pat Hayes Support to busing Working people must break with the News conference announcing Socialist Workers presidential campaign. Participants Reid said a major theme of the cam­ Democratic and Rep..1blican parties, (left to right) are Douglas Jenness, Nan Bailey, Peter Camejo, Willie Mae Reid, and paign will be her party's support to which were established to defend the Barbara Mutnick. the struggle for Black liberation. profits of big business. "Peter Camejo and I were among "We urge all working people who the thousands who went to Boston on are fed up with the Democratic and Re­ a study of election requirements in some new rights. We're going to de­ Dec. 14 to protest the racist drive publican parties to support our cam­ all 50 states. 'We are confident that mand that the CIA and FBI be abol­ against busing," she said. 'We will paign as an alternative to their cor­ the SWP will have ballot status in ished, and we're going to demand that continue to help focus national at­ rupt rule. more states than we did in 1972," he all the secret files be opened." tention on the crisis facing Black peo­ 'Working people need a mass par­ said. The party was on the ballot in Robert Harper, a leader of the Har­ ple there. ty of their own. The labor officials 23 states in the last presidential elec­ vard-Radcliffe African and· Afro­ "We call for a massive nationwide support the self-defeating policy of re­ tion. He also said that the SWP is American Student Association, spoke mobilization to protest this racist of­ lying on the two capitalist parties. We looking into legal challenges to un­ at the rally to urge support for the fensive. We demand that federal troops support the building of an indepen­ constitutional and restrictive election National Student Conference Against be sent to Boston to enforce the fed­ dent labor party based on the trade laws. Racism, which will be held in Boston eral court order and keep the buses unions. He announced that Ed Heisler, Lin­ Feb. 14-16. Harper is a coordinator rolling. Our party stands 100 percent 'We also think Blacks and Chicanos d a Jenness, Fred Halstead, and An­ of the student committee that orga­ behind the struggles of Blacks, wom­ would benefit from having mass par­ drew Pulley will serve as cochairper­ nized the Dec. 13 National Teach-In en, and other especially oppressed peo­ ties of their own. Such parties could sons of the national campaign com­ Against Racism and helped organize ple," said Reid. point the way for the working class mittee. the Dec. 14 freedom march in Boston. Nan Bailey, speaking for the Young as a whole." Heisler, the party's candidate for The student conference will discuss the Socialist Alliance, said, "Tens of thou­ U.S. Senate from Illinois in 1974, next steps in an ongoing campaign sands of young people are fed up with is a railroad worker and a member to defend the rights of Black students the present system and its two par­ War threat of the United Transportation Union. to desegregated schools in Boston. ties- the Democrats and Republi­ Camejo highlighted the increasing Linda Jenness and Fred Halstead were cans. We are fed up with the lies, cor­ threat of war. "Even the question of the SWP presidential candidates in Messages of support ruption, and oppression created by whether the world will continue to 1972 and 1968, respectively, and An­ Peace and civil rights figures sent this system. exist is posed by this insane system," drew Pulley was the party's 1972 vice­ messages to the rally supporting the "We are fed up with a society that he said. presidential candidate. SWP's right to run for office without puts profits ahead of human needs. He called the recent arms agreement Camejo, Heisler, and Linda Jenness governmeut harassment. We want a society that we can be­ with the Soviet Union a hoax. "This will begin nationwide tours in Feb­ . Longtime southern civil rights fight­ lieve in and commit ourselves to. We so-called peace agreement says that ruary. Reid will concentrate her cam­ er Carl Braden said in his letter, want a socialist society. That's what both sides should only be able to kill paigning in the Chicago area, leading "... I certainly support the right of Camejo and Reid are campaigning each other six or seven times over! up to the mayoral election in April. Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid for and that's why we support them." It is a hypocritical double-talking deal to run for the highest political offices Bailey is a national leader of the in which Washington and the bureau­ 1,000 attend rally in the country, although I may not YSA, which voted at its national con­ crats in Moscow join hands in lying On Dec. 29, a spirited campaign vote for them. I think that Peter was vention to support the Camejo-Reid to the people of the world. rally took place at the Jefferson Hotel. among the first people to come to our ticket. "The SWP candidates support "There will be no peace in this world One thousand people heard speeches defense when Anne [Braden] and I the YSA, and we expect that in win­ until the cause of imperialist wars by Camejo and Reid, and by Linda were charged with sedition the first ning support for them, we will win comes to an end- until the system Jenness, Ed Heisler, Nan Bailey, and time." many people to the YSA," said Bailey. that bases itself on the competition Robert Harper. (See pages 14-15 for Messages were also read from Ruth She announced that the YSA will put for markets is abolished." speeches of Camejo, Reid, and Jen­ Gage-Colby, of the Women's Interna­ 15 campaign teams on the road in dif­ Douglas Jenness announced that the ness.) Barbara .Mutnick chaired the tional League for Peace and Freedom; ferent parts of the country, starting campaign committee is carrying out rally. Bill Clayton, Milwaukee YSA Georgina Hoggard, community school organizer, entertained the crowd with board member in New York City's songs he wrote while in prison. District 1; attorney Vincent Hallinan; Heisler denounced government at­ and Professor Noam Chomsky, of the tacks on civil liberties: Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology. "The CIA compiled files on 10,000 Linda Jenness appealed to the au­ antiwar activists, and organized illegal dience to contribute funds to enable the wiretaps and break-ins of radical or­ campaign to print hundreds of thou­ ganizations. sands of copies of the Bill of Rights "FBI agents are monitoring the YSA for working people. The responsefrom convention and this rally to supposed­ the predominantly young crowd was ly uncover illegal plots to make a beyond anyone's expectations. $21,- revolution- as if a revolution can be 000 was collected, the vast majority plotted and carried out behind the of which came in contributions of $25 backs and without the participation or less. of the people! Both Camejo and Reid were greeted "No, we're not the ones who are with standing ovations at the end of plotting. The Democrats and Repub­ their speeches. licans plot and conspire every day Reid expressed the spirit of the sup­ against you, me, and the masses of porters of the SWP campaign when she people around the world. If the rulers said, "Our campaign will be auda­ are looking for a conspiracy, we'll cious because we have a big job to give them the address of the conspira­ do. Like the revolutionaries in the tors- 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. first American revolution and the Civ­ "In our presidential campaign we're il War, we will be challenging a cor­ going to expose the real conspirators. rupt social system and fighting for Militant/Mary Ja Hendrickson We're going to fight to defend and ex­ revolutionary change. And we are Willie Mae Reid at Dec. 14 March for Freedom in Boston. tend our democratic rights and win confident we can win."

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 13 SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN 'The rulers fear us because we are The following are excerpts from three speeches given at the rally launching the 1976 Socialist Workers Party presidential campaign. The rally, held in St. Louis, was attended by 1,000 people. Peter Camejo is running for president; Wlllie Mae Reid for vic~president. Linda Jenness, who ran for president on the SWP ticket in 1972, is na­ tional cochairperson of the 1976 campaign com­ mittee. Jenness After the first American revolution, the masses of people in the colonies, who had just won their independence from the tyranny of the British king, demanded that certain amendments be made to the Constitution. They were afraid that the new government would do the same thing the king and his colonial ad­ ministrators had done. The king, remember, thought he had the prerogativ~ to trample on the rights of the colonists. You know, when the revolu­ tionaries and rebels would get together to discuss their goals and aspirations, the king would spy Enthusiastic crowd of 1,000 at rally to launch Socialist Workers 1976 presidential campaign on them! The revolutionaries would have conventions, and a lot of people would come and listen to Sam the land of death, repression, and the pursuit of violently attacking Blacks at will, government of­ Adams, Marcy Otis Warren, and others. They profits. ficials could not be moved to intervene on behalf would have literature tables where they would To protect ourselves from this tyranny, not only of the Black community. Then around the massive sell copies of Torn Paine's pamphlets. And do do we need to defend the old Bill of Rights, but demonstration, Dec. 14, the fires of concern began you know what that king would do? He would we must add a new Bill of Rights for working to be lit in the chambers of our national legislature, have his informers masquerade as part of the people. Our first piece of campaign literature is a and they defeated the antibusing Holt amendment. convention. They would sit and take notes and draft of what such a Bill of Rights would look This method of mass action is the very same then report back to the king what went on. like. method it has taken to win all of the gains we have Well, the people got so mad at that king, that We propose the following rights: the right to a ever made. they made a revolution- and all the king's spies job; the right to an adequate income; the right to In periods of economic tightening, the govern­ couldn't stop it! free education and free medical care; the right to ment makes attacks on all nonwhite people. Mexi­ After the revolution, they demanded that the a secure retirement. can workers are allowed to come across the border Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution. In­ We propose: the right to know the truth about in large numbers when the big farmers need lots cluded in the Bill of Rights were freedom of speech, economic and political policies that affect our lives; of cheap labor for harvesting. But when economic press, assembly, and religion. The right to bear the right of oppressed national minorities to con­ hard times come, the undocumented worker be­ arms and protection from unreasonable searches trol their own affairs; and the right of the Ameri­ comes the "illegal alien." We are told that they and seizures. can working class to decide economic and political undermine the American Way of Life. These elementary freedoms have had to be fought policy. The plight of the migrant worker here is living for and defended every inch of the way against In preparing for the first American revolution, proof of the lie of what is known as the capitalist witch-hunters, racists, and the United States gov­ the revolutionists distributed millions of leaflets work ethic. These people work longer hours each ernment and pamphlets explaining the justice of their cause day than any other workers in this country and and their confidence in their triumph. And in pr~ make pennies. 200 years of capitalism paring for the socialist revolution, we are going to Agribusiness makes billions off their labor. But' If capitalism ever had a chance to prove that it do exactly the same. what do they get in return? They are victims of could fulfill the promise it held out 200 years ago, the insecticides used on the crops they harvest. of liberty and equality for all, and a decent stan­ They're herded together in cramped, overcrowded, unclean living quarters. There are no schools or dard of living for everyone, it was right here in this country. The capitalists had. everything at medical care or retirement benefits for migrants. They can't even get their own union recognized their disposal: a country with rich farmlands, vast by the growers. Then, when it suits the interests of supplies of coal and iron, green forests, and rivers Reid The Democrats and Republicans preach to us the employers, they are hounded out of the country. for power and navigation criss-crossing the coun­ working people about God and country. They tell The Statue of Liberty was placed off the shore try. It was able to import millions of workers us that we must be loyal, proud, and committed of New York City many years ago to welcome for the necessary labor power. to our present "superior" way of life. people from around the world. Then she said, Two hundred years, and what have the capi­ Well, I don't think the American people are going "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled talists done? They have turned this land of prom­ to be· overly enthusiastic about the bicentennial masses, yearning to breathe free." Now the poor ise into a monster, hated around the world. We celebration of "American superiority." Their faith woman is out there screaming, "Go away, go back can't breathe the air or drink the water without in the government and big business is at an all­ to where you came from. We can't even take care getting sick. We can't find jobs. time low. Patriotic hogwash will be hard to sell. of our own." These new tyrants have transformed the land The American people are instead concerned of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, into about living in an economic crisis. We're con­ AHacks on workers cerned about rising unemployment and about the When the economy tightens, the gains made by highest cost of living we've had in 27 years. all sectors of the working class come under attack. For hundreds of thousands of Americans, this The affirmative-action programs won through the Christmas was a time of layoffs instead of bonuses. struggle of women, Blacks, and other minorities These are the kinds of issues on our minds. These are under attack. are the problems Americans want solutions to; Even when the majority of Americans wants to solutions that Ford and Congress have not and redefine the role of women in this society, the gov­ will not provide. ernment is blocking us. Access to abortions is being The solutions they propose are one part gov­ blocked in many states. The Equal Rights Amend­ ernment assistance and 99 parts cutbacks and re­ ment still sits in the state legislatures. pression. They say: if we're eating meat, we should Racist attacks extend to workers in other coun­ stop; if we're eating twice a day, we should eat tries as well. Witness the ant~-Arab hysteria over every other day; if we're not eating at all, swallow Mideast oil prices. Witness the organized demon­ twice as fast. This activates the salivary glands so strations against products made by workers in that the stomach thinks it's being filled. other countries. By shamelessly championing the 'buy American" campaign, the labor bureaucrats Lessons of Boston avoid finding real solutions to the problems of People are getting a real lesson on the role of working people. They play right into the hands racism in this society with the situation in Boston of the capitalists, who always seek to pit workers and the attacks on undocumented workers. Here here against workers abroad. we are 20 years after the 1954 Supreme Court The Socialist Workers Party 1976 campaign will decision against segregated education, and a fed­ be speaking for the vast majority of people in this eral court order to implement desegregation in country. Our campaign platform is based on real LINDA JENNESS: 'We need a new Bill of Rights for Boston is met with the most reactionary response. solutions to the problems of working people. working people.' Even when the racists openly took to the streets, We will be voicing the demands of Blacks, Chi-

14 the opposite of all they stand for' canos, Puerto Ricans, Asians, and Native Ameri­ of work. Twenty-five million live in outright pov­ cans for the right to self-determination. Our pro­ erty. Farmers are being paid not to produce when gram calls for an end to the national borders that there is hunger in the world. There are deliberately create the so-called aliens. We say workers across created shortages of energy and food. We see rising the border have a right to a job in this country racism against Blacks and against Arabs, and with full pay and benefits. discrimination against women. We demand that racism be answered by using Who is making these decisions? Who is deciding all the force that's necessary. Federal troops must to cut production, to raise prices, and create be sent to Boston to enforce the federal law; to keep scarcities? those buses rolling and to turn back, demoralize, We are told that we live in a country where the and dissipate the racist mobs there. American people make the decisions. If this is true, Our campaign will be speaking for the needs we are an odd people. We could have better hous­ of women as we continue to organize and fight ing, and a shorter workweek, and better educa­ for equal rights. Our campaign will be helping to tion. But no-we choose to cut our pay; we choose build the Coalition of Labor Union Women and to suddenly quit work by the hundreds of thou­ other organized women's groups in cities across sands. This is what you would have to deduce the country. if you listen to what we are taught in school and As a candidate, I'll be speaking for all working told by the politicians. people in demanding an end to unemployment and We are ruled by an aristocracy- an aristocracy inflation through massive public works programs, that is decided by birth. We did not elect the Rocke­ a shorter workweek with no reduction in pay, and fellers, DuPonts, Morgans, Carnegies, and others cost-of-living clauses to protect the income of all who are running our live.s. But they are the ones working people. who are making the decisions. They are the ones who are raising prices and firing workers. And 'Tyranny of the majority' they do this because their system functions for one The U.S. representative to the United Nations, simple end- profits. John Scali, recently lashed out at the colonial coun­ After we get through a year's work and produce tries for voting to oust South Africa from the UN all the wealth, they shoplift $100-billion. It is called and inviting Yasir Arafat to speak there. Scali profit. Then they take out another $100-billion for said that people who supported these things were the war machine, which helps no one. You can't exercising a "tyranny of the majority." drive tanks to work. You can't eat bullets. Militant/Mark Satinoft The United States has been the bulwark of racism PETER CAMEJO: 'We say not one more penny to the and reaction on a worldwide scale. But each year Human righ.ts, not property rights rich as long as one worker is being fired.' this country becomes more and more isolated. As socialists we would change this. We say: There is more opposition to its policies here and Not one penny to the rich as long as one work­ that the Republicans might engage in illegal ac­ abroad. er is being fired from his or her job, as long as tivities. But the FBI, after due consideration, has Our 1976 campaign will be speaking for that one person in this country or the world is going decided that they will not investigate this political international majority that has no interest in main­ hungry. party. taining this racist status quo. We will fight with all We consider the right to a job, a living wage, Instead, they pick on our political party- the those who have the audacity to challenge the bil­ decent medical care, education, retirement, and Socialist Workers Party. This is after they have lionaires who dominate this country and try to our civil and political rights- the rights that take tried for 34 years to come up with something we dominate the world. first place. And when they come into conflict with do that is illegal, and produced nothing. They Our campaign will be audacious because we the rights of profit or private property, human be­ even tried having agents do it themselves! have a big job to do. Like the revolutionists in the ings must be put first. first American revolution and the Civil War we When the first centennial approached, the ques­ What do they fear? will be challenging a corrupt social system and tion that plagued this society was that chattel slav­ What is it that they fear? The threat is not our f~.ghting for revolutionary change. We are confident ery existed. The whole society divided around numbers. It is certainly not our wealth. The threat that we will win. this question. People had to choose sides. is the ideals we stand for. They instinctively feel As we approach the second centennial, the funda­ this will lead to their destruction. They sense that mental problem facing this society is the conflict we are incorruptible, that our entire movement is between private property and profits on the one not in it for personal benefit. hand, and human needs on the other. Just as They sense that we are the opposite of every­ there was a class conflict, under slavery, between thing they stand for; that we are a movement slaves and slave owners, today there is a class that is against all the corruption, dishonesty, and conflict between property owners and wage slaves. And people have to choose which side they are degeneration that is a way of life for them. on. We are a movement that rejects the idea that one person should live in a mansion while another Now, what do the Democrats and Republicans lives in a slum. We are a movement that says that offer us? all people in this world are equal, and we can The Democrats propose "wage and price con­ live as one enormous humankind without wars trols." That's code language for a wage cut. Re­ or conflicts. And we say that this is not utopian. member what happened during the "price freeze"? This is what the great majority of humanity is Prices rose while wages were held down. striving for- but it is running into a roadblock. The Republicans, on the other hand, say we need ·That roadblock is the handful of wealthy indi­ to 'Cut b ack." You· see we are in a crisis. The viduals who believe that they are superior to you crisis is that we're getting less. How do we over­ and me. Who believe they have the right by birth come it? According to Ford, we should tighten to rule over us. Who feel no sympathy in their our belts and get even less! hearts as millions of people starve. Who in cold­ One hundred years from now the psychiatrists blooded calculation planned the genocide of the will study this carefully. How could it be that Vietnamese people because they dared to stand up the leader of the nation could go before the peo­ against them. ple and tell them: "Because you have less we'll The candidates of the Democratic and Republi­ solve this by giving you even less." can parties will all represent this class. The SWP So you have a choice in 1976. If you want campaign will be its opposite. inflation, you can vote Democratic; if you want We intend to fight in this campaign on all fronts. unemployment, you can vote Republican. And you Militant/Mary Ja Hendrickson We will fight for the most immediate demands of can split your ticket if you want stagflation. WILLIE MAE REID: 'Our campaign will be audacious working people, the oppressed nationalities, and because we have a big job to do.' women. FBI harassment We'll fight for the escalator clause. We'll fight for It is interesting to examine the arguments the busing. We are already in the middle of a move­ FBI gives for being here to spy ori us tonight. ment to build a mass response in this country They say that possibly our party is preparing to for the right of Black students to an equal edu­ Camejo do something illegal, so they must be very alert cation. The United States is the richest country in the and investigate. We will f~ght for the Equal Rights Amendment world. The technology we have created means Now we would like to point to some circumstan­ and equality on the job for women. We'll fight for that we can produce more wealth with less labor tial evidence regarding a particular political party. the right of Chicanos, in the fields, to their own and that we should be able to have higher pay This party's recent principal leader is now in Cal­ union, and against deportations. and fewer hours of work each year. This added ifornia, instead of Washington, D.C., because of But our campaign is more than this. Our cam­ wealth should also mean better education, recrea­ criminal activity. The second in command was paign is a tool for building a mass movement tion, and a general improvement in the quality taking cash under the table. And most of the staff and building the revolutionary party of the third of life. they had running the White House is now in prison American revolution. Our campaign is one more But what is the reality in capitalist America? or possibly on its way. step toward ending the epoch of barbarism and We see spiraling prices and millions of people out This could be considered prima fll(:ie evidence opening the era of socialism and civilization.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 15 SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN Support the socialist Camejo: 'on front line of struggle' presidential Socialist Workers presidential candi­ date Peter Camejo has spent much of his life on the front line of struggles ticket to advance the rights and well-being The following materials are available of working people. from the Socialist Workers 1976 Na­ Unlike the Democrats and Repub­ tional Campaign Committee at licans running for president, Camejo 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. is an activist in struggles against 10014. racist oppression and was a leader of the massive movement against the - "SWP Proposal for a Bill of Rights Vietnam war. for Working People": 3 cents each; Camejo, 35, has been a member of 2 cents each for 1,000 or more. the Socialist Workers Party since - Camejo photo button and Reid 1959. Active in the student movement photo button: 35 cents each; 20 cents of the early 1960s, he joined in the each for 50 or more; 15 cents each picketing and boycott of Woolworth for 300 or more. stores for their segregationist policies -'Vote Socialist Workers Party" but­ in the South. Camejo also became ton: 30 cents each; 20 cents each for a leading defender of the Cuban revo­ 50 or more; 15 cents each for 300 lution, demanding an end to United or more. States attempts to crush it militarily. -"Camejo for President" poster and Camejo became the national secre­ Militant/Bob Horn "Reid for Vice-President" poster: tary of the Young Socialist Alliance Camejo confronts Edward Kennedy, his opponent in the 1970 Massachusetts senate 20 cents each; 10 cents each for 100 in 1962, and in the mid-1960s he was race. Boston Globe reported Camejo got bigger response from students. or more. a leader of the student and antiwar movements in Berkeley, Calif. Enclosed is $ __for: ( ) Bill of Denounced by California Governor Camejo was arrested and tortured on In 1970 Camejo was a candidate for Rights booklets, ( ) Camejo buttons, Ronald Reagan as "involvea in every false charges in Mexico City. When U.S. Senate in Massachusetts, and one ) Reid buttons, ( ) Vote SWP large-scale demonstration," Camejo Peter Camejo went to Mexico to try of his opponents was Senator Edward buttons, ( ) Camejo posters, ran for a seat on the University of to get his brother legal aid, he was Kennedy. The pro-Kennedy Boston ( ) Reid posters. (Make check pay­ California student senate. He won the taken into custody by the Mexican Globe admitted, "The young man Ca­ able to Socialist Workers 1976 Na­ election with the highest vote total of police and deported back to the United mejo draws a big response from stu­ tional Campaign Committee.) all those elected. The very same day, States. dents at greater Boston campuses who he was suspended by the university In subsequent years, Camejo made hear him, more than Senator Edward Help support the socialist campaign. for speaking at an antiwar rally of. a number of trips to Latin America Kennedy on the same campus fo- Enclosed is my contribution of $ __ 10,000 held in defiance of a ban on and has helped to aid the victims of rum .... " to support the Camejo-Reid ticket. mass protests. Three thousand stu­ repressive regimes there. Although there are 10 to 15 million dents occupied university buildings to After leaving Berkeley in 1968, he U.S. citizens of Latin American de­ Name ______protest Camejo's suspension. spent three months in Cuba as a guest scent, Camejo is the first to be a can­ In the student struggles during the of the Cuban government. Camejo didate for president of the United Address ______next two years, Camejo became then continued his socialist and anti­ States. He was born in New York known as the central leader of the war activities in Boston and New City of Venezuelan parents and is City _____ State _____Zip __ student movement at Berkeley and as York. fluent in Spanish. He has worked at one of its most outstanding speakers. In 1969 Camejo spoke to 100,000 unskilled jobs and as a computer op­ Phone ______He was arrested several times for people at the Oct. 15 antiwar mora­ erator. Camejo lives in New York his leading role in antiwar demon­ torium in Boston. In a book on the City. Occupation/School/Organization __ strations and struggles for the right moratorium demonstration, March­ He is the author of: "How to Make to protest, including once on a con­ ing Nowhere, Ken Hurwitz points out a Revolution in the U.S."; "Liberal­ spiracy charge. Camejo was never that Camejo was better received than ism, Ultraleftism or Mass Action"; Business address------convicted on any of the charges, and Senator George McGovern, who spoke 'Why Guevara's Guerrilla Strategy he was found innocent of the con­ from the same platform that day. For Has No Future"; and several pam­ Clip and mail to: Socialist Workers spiracy charge after a jury trial. Camejo, Hurwitz said, "the crowd ap­ phlets on Chile and other Latin Ameri­ 1976 National Campaign Committee, In 1967, Camejo's brother Daniel plauded until their arms were weary." can countries. 14 Charles Lane, New· York, N.Y. 10014.

A copy of our report is filed with the Fed­ eral Election Commission and is available for purchase from the Federal Election Reid: fighter for Black civil rights Commission, Washington, D.C. Willie Mae Reid has worked all her had been organized around tenants' In 1971 Reid began her involve­ life. She has firsthand experience with grievances. In 1969, shaken by the ment in socialist activities, and in the problems facing Blacks and other police murder of Black Panther Fred 1974 she ran for public office on the ·working people in this country. Hampton, whom she had known, Reid Socialist Workers Party ticket. The Reid, 35, is a resident of Chicago, left l)Chool and returned to work. She Chicago Sun- Times described her as Ill. She has worked there as a gar­ continued to devote all her spare time a ''fiery black candidate for U.S. rep­ ment worker, an office worker, and to TOC. resentative from the South Side's 1st a computer programmer. Before com­ In 1970, Together One Community Congressional District." ing to Chicago, she worked in her joined with other West Side groups Reid's experience in struggles to bet­ hometown of Memphis, Tenn., as a to fight for the construction of low­ ter the conditions in Chicago's Black kitchen worker. As a child, she spent and moderate-income housing. This community convinced her that Black three months a year picking cotton struggle for decent housing, in which people must organize their political in the rural South. Reid played an active role, pitted power independent of the Democratic Reid spent her entire youth in the Blacks on the West Side against Ri~h­ and Republican parties if change is officially segregated "Jim Crow" South. ard Daley's Democratic Party machine to occur. In 1958, when the civil rights move­ and against the bureaucratic and cor­ ment came to Memphis, she joined the rupt local, state, and federal housing In the fall of 1974, her convictions "ride-ins" and bus boycott, which agencies. led her to challenge the entire Daley ended the segregated seating for Black machine by announcing her candi­ people on city buses. In the early 1970s, Willie Mae Reid dacy for mayor of Chicago as a can­ After moving to Chicago and work­ continued to build struggles in the didate of the Socialist Workers Party. ing for several years, Reid became a Black community, including African Reid's supporters collected more than student at Loop Junior College, joined Liberation Day activities in support 65,000 signatures to qualify her for the Afro-American society there, and of the fight of the Portuguese colonies the ballot. If the fight to have these took part in a struggle to get Black for independence. She was also active signatures certified is successful, Reid studies courses included in the cur­ in support of the September 1973 dem­ will be the first third-party challenger riculum. During this time she was in­ onstration for ''Jobs and Economic to Daley ever to win a place on the fluenced by the ideas of Malcolm X, Justice" organized by Operation PUSH ballot. whose speeches she listened to on and a number of trade unions. After visiting Boston during the radio and TV. A supporter of women's liberation, struggle to desegregate schools there, Beginning in 1968, Reid devoted she helped to organize the Women's Reid played an active role in org a­ much of her time to working with a Abortion Action Coalition, a Chicago mzmg Chicago support for the West Side Chicago community group, group favoring women's right to Dec. 14, 1974, Freedom March on Together One Community ( TOC), that abortion. Boston against school segregation.

16 Detente vs. world revolution Vladivostok pact no brake on arms race First of a series . · · .. · . The editorial concludes: "The Ford- By CAROLINE LUND Brezhnev meeting gave ample proof At the U. S.-Soviet summit meeting in that detente can become irreversible Vladivostok last November, Kremlin and, with it, guarantee security and leader Leonid Brezhnev turned to Pres­ peace for all." ident Gerald Ford and said that if a Everlasting peace isn't the only strategic arms agreement is finally benefit to be derived from detente, ac­ achieved, "you and I will be thanked cording to the Daily World. The "eco­ by all the peoples of the world." nomic benefits" of the detente for the He continued, "I think we have done American people "would be of special a good job in this respect, here in value in the present critical times" for Vladivostok." U.S. capitalism, say the Stalinists. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger This concept is elaborated in a spe­ called the Vladivostok arms agree­ cial article on de" .1te in the Dec. 28 ment "a breakthrough." Ford claimed, Daily World, where Conrad Komo­ 'We have averted an arms race of un­ rowski says that U. S.-Soviet trade believable cost." "will be very important at any time, but particularly in time of economic But since then it has become abun­ crisis, in providing additional job op­ dantly clear that the "peoples of the · world" have nothing at all for which portunities." to be thankful in the Vladivostok arms "There are examples," he says, "of Nuclear ceiling Auth, Philadelphia Inquirer entire one-industry or one-plant towns accord. It is merely one more in the series of so-called "arms limitation" being rescued by Soviet contracts." accords that have accompanied each Is detente really the antidote for the of the Washington-Moscow detente ex­ ing for partisan advantage and opened breakthrough towards stable world crises of inflation, unemployment, and travaganzas since 1972-accords that up criticism of the pact. peace." depression that have plagued capital­ have done nothing to lessen the nu­ The barrage of criticism apparently The Daily World approvingly ist countries for decades? clear peril. jogged Kissinger's memory, and he quoted White House press secretary Is it possible to achieve a "coop­ Rather, the past three years of de­ explained Dec. 22 that actually the Ron Nessen as saying, "It is one of erative relationship" that is "irrevers­ tente have seen the continued growth of Vladivostok accord provided that re­ the most significant agreements since ible" between the imperialist United the U.S. military machine, the spread ductions in the arms ceilings could World War II." Equal credibility is States and the Soviet Union, a work­ of nuclear weapons to other countries, be negotiated prior to the expiration given to Kissinger's statement that "the ers state? and a doubling of U.S. arms sales of the pact in 1985. This provision back of this thing [the arms race] Is it possible for Brezhnev and Ford abroad in the past year alone. And is contained, Kissinger said, in a still­ is broken." to "guarantee security and peace for the world has moved closer to nuclear secret "aide-memoire," a diplomatic Covering up the admitted fact that all" with the world sitting atop a gar­ showdown in the Middle East. term for the written account of what the U.S. military budget will rise de­ gantuan stockpile of nuclear bombs? U.S. war secretary James Schles­ was agreed to. spite the pact, the Daily World baldly This unreal world concocted by the inger, a super-"hawk," hailed the Vladi­ However, as the New York Times asserts: Stalinists is contradictory both to the vostok arms agreement, explaining pointed out editorially Dec. 26, "the "If anyone is likely to gain more fundamental teachings of Marxism that it would mean not a reduction of 'reductions' that are being held out than others from the agreement, it is and to the test of history. Lenin de­ arms, but an "upward adjustment" of for the future are not cutbacks from the average U.S. taxpayer, from scribed the epoch of imperialism, the the military budget. Under the agree­ existing nuclear arms levels but mere­ whose paycheck have come the hun­ highest stage of capitalism, as an ment, the United States will build more ly reductions in the extremely high dreds of billions of dollars to finance epoch of wars, revolutions, counter­ missile submarines, new strategic ceilings set by the Vladivostok accord." the Pentagon's arms programs." revolutlons, and colonial uprisings. bombers, and larger intercontinental How did the Stalinists get them­ This has been the reality up through ballistic missiles. Double-speak selves into the position of hailing a the present day, from the slaughter Newsweek concluded that in the The official double-speak surround­ .pact that gives the green light to the of two world wars to the Korean war, Vladivostok accord, Ford and Brezh­ ing the arms pact was too much to arms race and then having to make the Vietnam war, and the rightist coup nev "had not agreed to stop the arms take, even for the capitalist newspa­ the fantastic claim that this will lower in Chile. race," but "had simply chalked in the pers. Commenting on the diplomacy the arms budget? Marxism and Leninism contend that boundaries within which both super­ of lies p"resided over by Kissinger, It stems from their attitude toward the only way out of the barbarism powers could comfortably sprint to­ New York Times columnist Anthony the detente-the he-all and end-all of produced by the contradictions of the ward ever more sophisticated, devas­ Lewis noted: "The man who pro­ Stalinist policy. An editorial in the capitalist system is the struggle for tating- and expensive- nuclear wea­ nounced the Vladivostok agreement Nov. 26 Daily World explained: world socialist revolution- not for the pons." a great 'breakthrough' is the same 'While the limitation of strategic nu­ impossible goal of an "irreversible co­ The agreement allows each country man who told us just before the 1972 clear weapons was the major issue operative relationship" with the cap­ to have 1,200 missiles with multiple election that peace was 'at hand' in decided at Vladivostok, views ex­ italist rulers. nuclear warheads. According to for­ Vietnam. . . . Two years later there pressed on other urgent matters re­ In future articles we will examine mer U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert is no peace, and he insists that the flected the detente principle of strength­ the origins of the Stalinist policy of McNamara, 400 nuclear warheads United States continue to support the ening and making ·irreversible the detente and look at how it has led are enough to destroy three-fourths of war in Vietnam and Cambodia." peaceful cooper~tive relationship of to terrible defeats for the working Soviet industry and annihilate 74 mil­ It should be remembered that an the USA and USSR." masses of the world. lion Soviet citizens. The U.S. already arms accord was also the most highly has more than 12 times that many publicized aspect of Nixon's original warheads deployed on its BOO MIRV summit in Moscow in May of 1972. missiles- in addition to 900 more The real meaning of that accord for single-warhead missiles and hundreds world peace could be judged from of strategic nuclear bombers and short­ the fact that it was signed at the height range missiles. of the U.S. war against Vietnam. Only five weeks before Nixon arrived in Moscow to "talk peace," U.S. bombers 'Strangelovian levels' were dropping on Hanoi in one day The Vladivostok accord, said News­ three-quarters of the destructive power week, thus creates "a distinct possibility of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima -if not a certainty- that both coun­ in 1945. tries would make a major increase The Vladivostok accord has just as in their total nuclear warheads, there­ little meaning for real peace in the by keeping the balance of terror be­ world. While Ford was signing it, ad­ tween the two superpowers at Strange­ ministration officials were publicly lovian levels." threatening U.S. armed intervention The pact will mean no reduction in to seize Mideast oil fields. the inflationary military budget-just the opposite. Pentagon spending will Ford's defenders increase in coming years to keep up In this context of exposure of the with the "ceilings" indicated in the pact. hypocrisy of the Vladivostok arms The Pentagon has projected a 25 per­ pact, Ford and Kissinger do, how­ cent increase in the military budget ever, have some staunch defenders: (currently at $84-billion) over the next the Stalinist bureaucrats in the Krem­ two or three years. lin and their slavish followers in the The Vladivostok pact was so clear­ U.S., the Communist Party. ly an arms race accord rather than Echoing Kissinger, the Daily World, an arms limitation accord that Demo­ newspaper of the American Stalinists, May 1972 Moscow summit. Nixon and Brezhnev pretended to talk 'peace' while U.S. cratic Party politicians saw an open- hailed the pact on Nov. 26 as "a proceeded with terror bombing and blockade of North Vietnam.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 17 OCAW girds for possible strike Union exposes oil trust profiteering & lies By FRANK LOVELL each year of a three-year contract, The Oil, Chemical and Atomic Work­ 5.65 5.65 longer vacations, improved health­ ers International Union (OCAW) got 5,45 5.45 care insurance, on-the-job health and ready for the opening days of 1975 Average Straight-Time ,.. safety regulations, and an adequate "'w Hau;ly Wages < differently than in previous years, and ~ 5,25 5.25 m retirement plan. Real Average Straight- ::u in the process it set a good example ca: ,.. The central economic demand is for >- 5,05 - Time Houri 5,05 a for the rest of the union movement in .J m an unlimited cost-of-living escalator. this year of economic crisis. ~ 4.85 4,85 ""-4 The union is demanding bimonthly OCAW contracts with major oil com" 0 ::u ""age adjustments equivalent to the ::z:: 4.65 4,65 ~ panies, covering 60,000 workers, ex­ w a percentage increase in the Consumer :IE :z: pired Jan. 7. The union prepared by j: 4.45 4.45 -4 Price Index. holding a series of regional con­ . -4. The complete package, according to .... i ferences last year, alerting the mem­ ::z:: 4.25 4,25 m Grospiron, "would cost the industry bership to the long-range antiunion 2 :z: only about 0.8 of one cent for each 4.05 4.05 0 and antisocial policies of the oil mo­ •ca: c gallon of gasoline sold." Moreover, the .... ::u nopoly, exposing the price-gouging "'w 3• 85 3,85 ,... union emphasizes that all the de­ practices of this industry, and appeal­ C) -< mands could be met by the companies ::u ing for support from the working poor i:! 3.65 3,65 ,. out of their bloated profits without w -4 and others hurt by rising fuel prices. > 3,45 3,45 m raising prices whatsoever. Full-page advertisements by OCAW • "" Grospiron warned, however, that in several daily newspapers on 1-'66 1-'72 1-'73 1-'74 1-'75 the industry gave no indication of Dec. 16 told the story of wages, prices, accepting OCAW's terms. "I caution and profits in the oil industry. Oil, Chemical and Atomic Union News all our pil industry members to Headlined, "The Oil Companies and OCAW chart shows purchasing power oil workers have lost because of inflation since tighten their belts and get set for a 1966. Union deri10nds unlimited cost-of-living escalator clause to keep wages abreast Inflation: They can't rob us blind if long strike. n we open our eyes," these ads promised of price increases. Grospiron told union delegates that "to open up one of the most secretive vast reserves of gasoline, heating oil, industries in America to public scru­ foreign crude, but we're also paying than $22 per hour. Their raise was and other petroleum products are tiny. We're going to tell you why oil a lot more for industry profits. The almost four times our total wages. " stored in this country, on Caribbean prices are so high. How the oil in­ oil companies would like [us] to be­ • On taxes. "Despite their huge prof­ islands, and other offshore installa­ dustry causes the inflation that robs lieve they need all the money they're its, the seven largest oil companies tions. our paychecks. And ... what we can making-$17 billion in 1974 alone­ have been paying federal taxes at a "If we hav~ to strike the oil indus­ do about it n That's a big order. to find more oil. But we know dif­ rate of about five cents on the dol­ try on Jan. 7, the oil companies will The OCAW statement contained ferent n lar.... n manipulate those reserves in an effort none of the anti-Arab demagogy the • On investments. ". . . oil com­ e On wages. "In 1966, our average to beat us," Grospiron said. "The com­ employers are using to explain away panies are using tremendous amounts wage was $3.45 an hour. Today, we panies probably will contrive a few inflation. It had plenty of hard facts: of money to buy up other com­ get .$3.27 an hour in 1966 dollars. n spot shortages to worry the public • On profits. "Oil industry profits panies. . . . Oil companies control • On productivity. "Our productivity and perhaps to jack up prices. n are up 146% since 1972, 360% since most of America's natural gas, 50% has increased 71% in the past fif­ OCAW prides itself as a leader in 1961. We may be paying more for of its nuclear fuels, seven of the fif­ teen years. But all the benefits of our the fight for job safety and environ­ teen largest coal companies, most of inqeased productivity are going to mental protection and works closely the oil shale leases and most of the the industry. They should be going with others in this field. At a union geothermal energy leases. to lower prices and fairer wages. n conference last November, Nancy "They're also investing heavily in • What to do. "The money we pay Buder, staff member of the national chemicals and other petroleum deriv­ for oil shouldn't go for anything ex­ Sierra Club, a leading environmental­ atives. . . . They're even investing in cept finding, refining and delivering ist group, told the delegates, "our aims companies that have nothing to do oil are nearly identical and support of with oil. One company spent a sum "The industry can and should lower each other can gain more for both just about equal to its entire 1973 its prices.... of us. n profits to buy a department store "If the oil companies paid their fair The support that OCAW has won chain. share in taxes, it would help balance through its exposure of some of the "Other companies are putting their the federal budget and would help profit secrets of the oil companies, its money into real estate, entertainment, ease inflation. championing of a clean, safe environ­ commodities and other areas that will 'We can't let the oil industry get ment, and its demands that point to­ never give the public one drop of away with blaming workers and con­ ward union control of oil production, oil. n sumers for our nation's ills. When we has put the union in a strong bargain­ • On political corruption. "... the recognize what's really behind our in­ ing position. oil industry spent huge sums on il­ flation and energy problems, we can The demands advanced by OCAW legal campaign contributions in 1972, begin to do something about them." in these negotiations, if supported by to influence government supervision What OCAW intends to do was fore­ the rest of the union movement, could of their activities. n cast in a series of district council meet­ lead to a real solution to the energy 'We can't let the oil industry get away • On executive salaries. "We found ings at the end of last year. OCAW crisis: the opening of the oil trust's with blaming workers and consumers for that oii executives got average salary President A. F. Grospiron listed the de­ books and the nationalization of all our nation's ills;' say oil workers in ap­ raises of more than 21% last year. mands of the union, including a energy resources under workers con­ peal for support in case of strike. They got an average increase of more $1.50-an-hour increase in wages for trol. Mich. board fires 200 teachers to break strike By PAULA REIMERS stop scabs from entering the school. tional president of CL UW, and Mabel tiations during the year, so the teach­ CRESTWOOD, Mich., Jan. 7 -A strike Pickets were also posted at six other Holleran, cochairperson of Wayne ers struck again in September 1974 by some 200 teachers in this Detroit Crestwood district schools. County CL UW, joined the picket line. for five weeks, but again were forced suburb has escalated into a life-and­ The picket line attracted teachers A key test of labor solidarity with back by the courts.. death battle for the survival of their from at least 20 Michigan Education the strike will come Jan. 8. The C EA Following the example of the neigh­ union, the Crestwood Education As­ Association (MEA) locals. is part of a coordinated bargaining boring Garden City teachers, the CEA sociation (CEA). In addition, pickets came from sev­ agreement with 16 other MEA locals struck again Dec. 2 in defiance of the In late December the Crestwood eral locals of the Michigan Federation in Wayne County. Nearly all16 have court injunction. school board fired every one of the of Teachers (MFT), including the 11,- announced they will walk out Jan. 8 strikers and hired a completely new 000-member Detroit Federation of to protest the mass firings and to de­ A defeat in Crestwood would be a teaching staff of scabs. Teachers. The East Detroit Federa­ mand that the school board negotiate severe blow to all teachers' organi­ Now the board has broken .off ne­ tion of Teachers, hit with arrests and in good faith. zations and would embolden attacks gotiations with the C EA on the jailings during its strike last fall, sent Among those- pledged to strike is on all public employee unions. The grounds that the union does not repre­ 20 to 30 teachers to the Crestwood the Garden City Education Associa­ MEA has underscored this with its sent the current teachers-that is, the picket line. tion, even though the GCEA itself con­ two central slogans on picket signs: scabs. cluded a bitterly fought strike just last "Support teachers' right to bargain" This same tactic of mass firings was At a Jan. 6 news conference, Tom month. and "Today Crestwood - tomorrow used last year by school boards in Turner, president of the Metropolitan The issue in Crestwood is no longer us." Hortonville, Wis., and Timberlane, Detroit AFL-CIO Council, pledged salary or cost-of-living allowance, Crestwood teachers deserve the N.H., to break strikes and destroy "full support to the striking Crestwood which led to the original walkout, but wholehearted support of the entire the local affiliates of the National Edu­ teachers." Also present were leaders of the very existence of the union. union movement. If the Jan. 8 walk­ cation Association. both the MEA and MFT. Crestwood teachers have been with­ out proves insufficient to force the More than 200 teachers and sup­ The Wayne County Coalition of out a contract for more than a year. board to fire the scabs and negotiate porters were on hand to picket Crest­ Labor Union Women (CL UW) has They struck in September 1973 and with the CEA, the sympathy strike wood High School Jan. 6. Fifteen announced its backing for the teach­ were forced back by a court injunc­ should be extended to other MEA and pickets were arrested for trying to ers, and on Jan. 3 Olga Madar, na- tion. No progress was made in nego- MFT locals.

'18 Profits before gatients How the nursing-home racket works By MARVEL SCHOLL One of the fastest-growing, most profitable sections of the medical industry is the nursing-home racket. I say "racket" advisedly. Since Medicare. and Medicaid funds became available in 1966, the number of private, profit-motivated nursing homes has nearly doubled. Today, there are about 23,000 nursing homes in the country, 90 percent of which are run for profit Many are owned by doctors, still more by such chains as National Health Enterprises, Inc. There are also many smaller chains owning 10 or fewer homes. These smaller chains are often gobbled up by the larger ones. The remaining 10 percent of nursing homes are operated by religious or· fraternal organiza­ tions such as the Masons or the Elks. These non­ profits provide better care but they all have long waiting lists- and old people seeking entry do not have the life span left to wait. Susan Jacoby wrote an in-depth article for the March 31, 1974, New York Times Magazine in which she painted a chilling picture of the condi­ tions found in 50 nursing homes she visited in the East, Midwest, and South. To obtain material for her article, Jacoby found it necessary to hide the fact that she was a journal­ Old people, who deserve best health care available, get little or no care in most private nursing homes ist. She shopped as a "consumer" looking for a suitable home in which to place her aged mother. spotty, and even when violations are found, fines who accept positions as administrators or head are small, so the same violations continue. nurses in these homes. The lack of sufficient well­ Too many questions The Department of Health, Education and Wel­ trained aides, the scrimpy nursing-care budgets, Even as a consumer, Jacoby found that if she fare, which administers the program, is like all the lack of clean linen, the refusal of most homes asked too many questions she got a hostile re­ other governmental departments in charge of so­ to diaper incontinent patients with the resultant sponse, such as when she inquired about the ra­ cial programs- understaffed, hence unable to en­ filth and infected bedsores- all of these conditions tio between patient load and staff, the number of force its own regulations, and now, stymied by new are impossible for a good nurse to stand. times a doctor saw each patient, or what kind of standards that replace former specific rules and There are a few privately owned nursing homes physical therapy was offered. regulations. that do surpass minimum standards. One of them She was told by the administrator of the Peter is the American Nursing Home on Manhattan's Cooper Nursing Home in Manhattan: Lower East Side. Moses Unger, the owner, told 'When you ask a whole lot of questions- ques­ Standards lowered Jacoby, "This is very hard physical work, and tions from some so-called consumer checklist- it In January 1974, the old specific regulations few people want to do it because our society doesn't just gets people's backs up." were replaced by new, more general requirements, like to think about, or look at, old age.... You And well such questions might "get people's backs which actually downgrade the standards. The new can't provide decent care if you make a profit up"- if they are nursing-home administrators. regulations will save the government some money, by paying low salaries." · When profit, not the welfare of patients, is the make higher profits for the industry, ~nd result Contrast that attitude toward patients and staff motive, then everything goes by the boards. The in poorer care for the patients. ~· with one expressed by a Georgia legislator fighting staffs are inadequate and poorly trained. The food Those industry profits will continue to swell as ·against larger M~dicaid payments to nonprofit is .insufficient and poor in quality. the number of old people increases. There are now homes in Atlanta. He coined the phrase ''malicious There may be a "physical therapy room," but more than 20 million Americans over 65. More indigence" to describe old people who cannot pay in at least one case, the room was being used as than a third of these are 75 or over and are the their own medical bills. a morgue for dead patients until the funeral parlor most frequent patients in nursing homes. The in­ picked them up. dustry and the government estimate that by the Entertainment to pass the long days in these year 2000, at least two million of the elderly will 'Untrained dogs' homes is either nonexistent or limited to TV rooms be institutionalized. A nursing-home administrator expressed similar where ambulatory patients can fight with one What constitutes good nursing care? An equitable contempt for patients, calling them "untrained another over which channel to watch. ratio between patients and nurses and aides; daily dogs." J~coby insisted (as should everyone who con­ nursing care of at least several hours per patient; Another example of this contempt was the testi­ templates putting an aged relative in a private adequate diets; physical therapy to rebuild mus­ mony of Don Barry, president of the American home) on seeing not only the brightly decorated cles lost through strokes or lack of use; entertain­ Nursing Home Association, before a Senate sub­ lobbies and second floors, but in going over the ment programs designed to keep patients interested committee headed by Frank Moss (D- Utah). Bar­ entire building. She found patients lying in dark in life and living; regular visits from qualified ry told the subcommittee that Medicaid patients are rooms, many of them in their own body wastes doctors; tender, loving care to replace the con­ "individuals [who] have had a life-style character­ (one home charged $11 a month extra for linen), tempt now generally shown aged patients by both ized by a pattern of social and economic failure." and old people sitting in chilly corridors, staring staff and administration. But it is ever-rising medical costs, not individual off into space. These are but a few of the necessities that old, ''failure," that forces millions of older people to Theoretically, all homes supported by govern­ sick people need at the end of their lives. And this rely on Medicaid, including middle-class and even ment money through either Medicare or Medicaid is what they do not gel comparatively wealthy people. must meet certain standards. But inspection is There is a rapid turnover in registered nurses The burden of health care falls most heavily on working people. They face an awful choice when aging parents suffer strokes, heart attacks, long­ term illnesses, or just plain senility. The old peo­ Top Democrats linked to scandal ple's pensions, if they have any, pay only a frac­ As the investigations into the nursing-home Why isn't this crook in jail? He has many tion of the monthly nursing-home costs. In some racket widen, the industry is being referred to friends- in high places. His insurance agency, states Medicaid takes up most of the slack. In more and more as "the syndicate." One of the for example, is owned by Brooklyn Democratic others it pays as little as 30 percent. What then kingpins of this syndicate is Bernard Bergman boss Meade Esposito and Democrat Stanley is the answer to this ever-mounting problem? of New York City, whose share of the nursing­ Steingut, expected to be the next speaker of the home empire is estimated at $200-million. New York State Assembly. Both have been sub­ Socialized medicine In addition to overcharging for inadequate poenaed by the Senate Special Committee on the There is only one answer, and that is to pro­ care, the New York Daily .News discovered that Aging, which is investigating Bergman's empire. vide free, quality health care for all through so­ Bergman realizes a heavy profit from sales and cialized medicine. The old people who today are the resales of his nursing homes- to himself, nat­ Another behind-the-scenes pal of Bergman­ victims of the profit-mad medical industry are the urally, " ... Bergman has sold and leased back one who probably won't be subpoenaed- is very people who built this country- and they de­ the Park Crescent [one of his homes] and re­ Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller. When Berg­ serve the best there is to make their last years purchased it 10 times since 1966," the News man tried to get permission to acquire two new meaningful. But that is not what they are getting. reports, "increasing its value from an original nursing homes to increase his Medicaid revenue, Nor will they, so long as profit is put before purchase price of $593,500 to its present mort­ Rockefeller, and his successor as governor, Mal­ humanity. Good health is the right of everyone­ gaged value of $8 million." colm Wilson, both intervened to put in a good good health in producing years, the best kind of Another of Bergman's tricks is to bill Medi­ word for Bergman. care when illness strikes or when the years become caid for nonexistent patients. His Towers Nurs­ According to the New York Times, "A spokes­ too many for the fragile frames in which they ing Home, for example, was caught in 1970 man for Governor Wilson said the calls were . are housed. charging Medicaid for a patient who had been routine courtesies that would be granted any But that right will only be realized when all dead for 265 days. citizen .... " profit is taken out of medical care and care is put back in.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 19 In Review The CIA: secret arm of capitalist rule The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence by Victor sands of Vietnamese. This program was directed Marchetti and John Marks. Alfred A. Knopf. DELETED by William Colby, the man who now heads the ) Henry Kissinger made that New York, 1974. 398 pp. $8.95. CIA. statement not in public, but at a secret White House meeting on In 1964, the CIA sent its private fleet of bombers The American people have responded with disgust June 27, 1970. The country he was referring to was Clllle. to the Congo, piloted by veterans of the Bay of and outrage upon learning of yet more CIA at­ In his capacity as Assistant to the President for National Security Pigs invasion, to help crush the Congolese rebels, tacks on democratic rights. Once again the spot­ Affairs, Kissinger was chairman of a meeting of the so-called 40 light of public opinion has been turned on this Committee, an interdepartmental panel responsible for overseeing _ the CIA's high-risk covert-action operations. The 40 Committee's Domestic spying secret-police agency, whose activities are notorious The first bits of information about CIA spy­ throughout the world. members are thj.: Director of Central Intelligence, the Under Sec­ retary of State for Political Affairs, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, ing within the U.S. came out in 1967, when Ram­ In a recent series of articles in the New York and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (At the time of the parts magazine published an expose of CIA in­ Times, reporter Seymour Hersh revealed a mas­ Chilean meeting, Attorney General John Mitchell was also- a mem­ filtration of the National Student Association sive CIA campaign of illegal spying against U.S. ber.) lt,is this small group of bureaucrats and politicians-in clo-se (NSA). The agency had been funding the NSA dissenters, dating back at least 20 years. The consultation with the President and the governmental departments since 1952. surveillance campaign reached a peak in the late the men represent-that directs America's secret foreign policy. The CIA made use of NSA representatives who 1960s and early 1970s. (For story on CIA do­ On that Saturday in June 1970, the main topic before the 40 traveled abroad, but it also sought to influence mestic spying, see page 24). Committee· was: ( DELETED NSA policy in this country, particularly as stu­ These latest revelations follow by barely two dents began organizing against the Vietnam war. ) The Chilean eledioa was scheduled f~ months the expose of the CIA's role in overthrow­ Michael Wood, a former NSA fund raiser, de­ ing the Allende regime in Chile, and the com­ the foUowlag September, aad Allende, a declared Marxist, was oae of the priaeipal Clllldidlltes. Although Alleade had pledged to maill· scribed to Ramparts the role of CIA agents at plicity of top government officials such as Secre­ one NSA congress in 1965: "Vietnam was debated tary of State Henry Kissinger in that bloody coup. tala the democratic system H he was elected, the U.S. ambassador to Chile ( very bitterly for nine hours. The agents were very With each new scandal involving the CIA, the anxious, first of all, that no absolute position be American people have gotten a sharper picture DELETED taken, and concerned that no perm anent cessation of the real purpose of this secret arm of U.S. of bombing position be taken." capitalist rule-to sabotage and destroy struggles The C lA also infiltrated the U.S. trade-union of working people all over the globe. Most of the American companies with large investments in Chile movement, with the cooperation of labor bureau­ were also fearful of a possible Allende triumph, and at least two crats like George Meany. The AFL-CIO set up a Origins of CIA of those companies, the International Telephone and Telegraph CIA front, the American Institute for Free La­ The CIA grew out of the needs of U.S. impe­ bor Development, which to this day works to sabo­ A page from Marchetti's book, showing sections deleted rialism after World War II. The United States tage union militants around the world. by CIA. Government also tried to censor passages had emerged from the war as the most power­ Some of Meany's staunchest student supporters in bold, but lost fight in courts. ful country in the world. However, workers states got funds too, such as the International Union had been established throughout eastern Europe, of Socialist Youth, a right-wing social-democratic and there were already rumblings of national lib­ dent, and a high-level, secret policy board reviews organization to which the Young People's Social­ eration in the colonial world. all proposals for action. Today, that board goes ist League belongs. But liberal trade-union lead­ "The real impetus" for creating the CIA, explained by the name of the "40 Committee," which is headed ers were not left out either. According to Mar­ chetti's book, UAW officials Victor and Walter the Dec. 26, 1974, New York Times, "came from by Kissinger. Reuther also received C lA money to promote "de­ the decision of President Truman in 1946 that "... the C lA is not an independent agency in the United States must shoulder new responsi­ the broad sense of the term," Marchetti explains, mocracy" abroad. bility as a major world power and should coun­ "nor is it a governmental agency out of control. Thus it is hardly surprising that the CIA played a prominent part in the stepped-up spying on ter what was seen to be a menacing expansion­ Despite occasional dreams of grandeur on the · U.S. dissenters in the late 19 60s. The C lA' s at­ ist challenge by the Soviet Union." part of some of its clandestine operators, the CIA tacks against antiwar, Black, and socialist activ­ The capitalist rulers, concerned with protecting does not on. its own choose to overthrow dis­ ists are perfectly in keeping with its 30-year his­ tasteful governments or determine which dictatorial tory of subversion. regimes to support.... The CIA act[s] primarily when called upon by the Executive." Whenever one of the CIA's exploits is exposed, Violations of charter? Books Some Democratic and Republican politicians are however, the rulers of this country are quick to complaining that the C lA' s domestic spying is a cover up. In a passage the CIA tried to delete their investment opportunities and control of mar­ from his book, Marchetti describes the cover-up "violation" of its charter- as if whatever the CIA kets abroad, wanted to contain the advance of does overseas is legitimate! But the CIA has never of an abortive 1958 coup against the Sukarno socialism and roll back the workers states wherever violated its real charter, which is to suppress all regime in Indonesia: possible. To do this, they had to expand the un­ struggles against exploitation, whether they be in "Contrary to denials by President Eisenhower dercover "anti-Communist" operations that had the U.S., Chile, Vietnam, or Iran. and Secretary of State Dulles, the CIA gave direct existed before, so the CIA was set up. assistance to rebel groups located on the island This secret agency is one more example of how According to the CIA's formal charter, contained ruthlessly the capitalist class defends its interests of Sumatra. Agency B-26s even carried out bomb­ in the 1947 National Security Act, the agency is against the will of the majority. Violence, intimi­ ing missions in support of the insurgents. supposed to "evaluate intelligence'' outside the U.S. "On May 18, 1958, the Indonesians shot down dation, and lies are the only ways this class can The charter is only a cover, however, for the ac­ one of these B-26s and captured the pilot, an maintain its power. tual activities of the CIA-which range from fi­ The American people have the right to learn the American named Allen Pope. Although U. S. gov­ nancing ultraright groups, to organizing coups full truth about the CIA operations and the at­ ernment officials claimed Pope was a 'soldier of and assassinating political dissidents. tacks on democratic rights by other government fortune,' he was in fact an employee of a CIA­ This is explained in the book The CIA and outfits. Now is the time to press for opening all owned proprietary company, Civil Air Transport." the Cult of Intelligence, by former CIA official the files in Washington and to demand that the Victor Marchetti and John Marks. The CIA's "ba­ CIA, FBI, and other secret-police bodies be abol­ sic mission," writes Marchetti, "was that of clan­ Kennedy cover-up ished completely. -CINDY JAQUITH destine operations, particularly covert action- the In 1961, after the failure of the CIA-led Bay of secret intervention in the internal affairs of other Pigs invasion, Democratic President John Kennedy nations." launched another cover-up of the agency. He even Marchetti's book -which the CIA succeeded in appointed a "blue-ribbon" panel to "investigate'' partially censoring-describes country after coun­ whether U.S. intelligence operations had "gotten try where the CIA worked actively to subvert or out of hand." destroy movements for social change. In the late The investigation was a fraud, designed to con­ 1940s and 1950s, for example, C lA agents tried vince the American people that what the CIA did unsuccessfully to launch counterrevolutionary in Cuba would never happen again. Marchetti guerrilla groups in Albania, the Ukraine, and points this out in his book, noting that the "in­ China. In western Europe, the CIA set up dummy vestigation" didn't make a dent in the CIA's ac­ corporations, radio stations, and newspapers, and tivities: "CIA never shut down its two anti-Castro infiltrated student. and trade-union groups. operations bases located in southern Florida, and agency-sponsored raids against Cuba by exile Organized coups groups continued into the mid-1960s.... " In 1953, after consultation with President Dwight Meanwhile, Kennedy was also deploying CIA Eisenhower, the CIA organized the overthrow of agents in Laos, where the U.S. was conducting the Mossadegh government in Iran, which had a secret war against national liberation forces. nationalized British oil holdings. Kennedy wanted the war to be carried out by the The next year, the CIA carried out the over­ CIA to keep it hidden from the American people. throw of the Arbenz regime in Guatemala. Under the Johnson administration, the CIA con­ Marchetti emphasizes in his book that top U.S. tinued its campaign of violence, torture, and coun­ officials have always directed the CIA's work. The terrevolution. It ran the notorious "Operation Phoe­ CIA sent Cuban exiles to Congo in 1964 to help crush agency's activities are closely followed by the presi- nix" program in Vietnam, which assassinated thou- rebels. 20 f!!ight of the elderlY.. 'They just want us to crawl away and die' By MIGUEL PENDAS $200. receives income from several other LOS ANGELES- When the tenants of Like Clouser, most residents are properties. This is nowhere near the the Golden State Mobile Lodge re­ working people who saved up enough amount that taxes have gone up. "It's ceived notices that their rent was going money to buy a modest mobile home gouging," said one tenant. "There's no to be raised by $20 a month as of and expected to be able to retire on other word for it." Dec. 1, many felt that it was the last Social Security. But the way inflation Improvements? There haven't been straw. is going, their way of life is in jeo­ any, residents say. In fact facilities are All the tenants here are elderly re­ pardy. being cut back. 'When I moved in tired people living on low, fixed in­ Ruby Clouser has worked all her here," Clouser said, ''they advertised a comes. Many are disabled. With the life, mostly at factory jobs, the most year-round heated pool." The pool is cost of food and social services sky- recent one being at a nearby aero­ still there, but it is rarely heated. And , rocketing, some just don't know where space plant. Her lungs, skin, and the recreation and laundry facilities they are going to find the money to heart have been severely damaged as are available less and less of the time. pay the increased rent. a result of breathing dangerous fumes Clouser and other residents have Many of the tenants have com­ on the job. There was no union there, written dozens of letters to local, state, plained, and more than 30 signed a she said, and therefore no retirement and federal officials in an effort to get petition of protest. There are 53 units benefits. So now she is forced to sub­ some action on the rent hike, but to in the park, and about two-thirds are sist on meager disability checks. no avail. occupied by widows living alone. The tenants aren't getting any bar­ Clouser showed me letters she had Ruby Clouser is one of the leaders gain for their money, either. Each written to the administration of Cali­ of the effort to beat back the rent plot is barely big enough for the trail­ fornia Governor Ronald Reagan and hike. She told The Militant that her er to fit. And the tenants have to do to Senator Alan Cranston (D-Calif.). rent has gone from $50 to $90 since all the upkeep on the park, including "Some of the answers would be real­ May 1973. With the electricity bill the sweeping the streets! ly hilarious if the situation wasn't so landlord adds on, her latest rent bill The landlord tried to justify the rent tragic," she says. The state govern­ came to $103. This is what most pay raise by claiming that taxes had gone ment wrote back saying it was a fed­ at the park, give or take a few dollars. up and that improvements had been eral matter, and Cranston wrote back Yet most live on Social Security or made. Everyone knows this is phony. saying it was a state matter. Economic crisis is turning 'golden years' disability payments averaging $250 The $20-a-month hike means an extra They have tried calling government into misery for many older people on a month. For some it is less than $12,620 a year for the landlord, who Continued on page 22 fixed incomes.

California Chicanos fight 'illegal alien' scare By MIGUEL PENDAS San Fernando Police Chief David commerce was forced to tone down the LOS ANGELES- Chicanos in the Ross claims to have statistics proving racist language of the original pro­ suburb of San Fernando are combat­ that increases in the rates of crime posal. ing a campaign against "illegal aliens" and unemployment in the area are A statement by the Raza Unida Par­ being whipped up by local business­ due to an influx of undocumented ty exposed the sham of the author­ men in collusion with city officials and workers. ities' attempt to cover their tracks: "We the Immigration and Naturalization La Raza Unida Party, the Mexi­ are not in the least satisfied with Mr. Service (INS). can-American Political Association, Ackerman's response," it reads. "Nor In a recent mailing sent to all in­ the Chicano Coalition, CASA, the do we accept the city council's posi­ dustrial firms in the San Fernando Community Improvement Council, tion that it is incapable of any role area, the local chamber of commerce and other groups have denounced the in the matter. . . . The chief of po­ urged the use of a questionnaire to drive and held protests at the cham­ lice is an employee of the city coun­ "weed out" undocumented workers. ber of commerce and the police sta­ cil, and ·he has participated in the The mailing proposed that business tion. plan. Furthermore, members of the firms use a job application form in Chicanos also mobilized to attend a council are also members of the cham­ which the applicants must indicate San Fernando city council meeting ber of commerce. whether or not they were born in this to demand that the city government country. IT they were not, then they take steps to squelch the unconstitu­ "We believe that the San Fernando must go to the INS to have their tional drive. plan is part of a national program immigration status confirmed before "It's a discriminatory employment of racist motivations designed to whip they can complete their job applica­ form given to dark-skinned persons up hatred and mass hysteria in order tion. simply on the basis of their being sus­ to [distract attention] from the real pected 'illegal aliens,'" said Eugene The Oct. 27 Los Angeles Times re­ Pickets at San Fernando Chamber of causes of economic and political de­ vealed that the questionnaire proposal Commerce protest employment question­ Hernandez, a Raza Unida Party lead­ terioration in both the United States was the product of meetings that had naire designed to 'weed out' undocu­ er and spokesperson for the Chicano and Mexico. been taking place between the chamber mented workers. groups opposing the drive. "We de­ "It is not coincidental that on Oct. 30 of commerce, San Fernando police, mand that the chamber of commerce U.S. Attorney General William Saxbe and INS officials since August. be repudiated by the city council." asked for $50-million to deal with San Fernando Mayor Philip John­ a 'severe national crisis,' namely the Chamber of commerce head Bruce claims that 50 percent of the work­ son refused to deal with the Chicanos' 'illegal alien.' Saxbe's justification for Ackerman said that local businessmen ers in the northeast San Fernando demands, saying that the city coun­ the exportation of one million people, pushed for the "weeding-out" cam­ Valley are "illegals." About half of cil has no jurisdiction in the affair. mainly Mexicans, is essentially the paign because immigration raids were the 16,000 residents of San Fernan­ The Chicano protests received such same as that coming from the chief disrupting their businesses. Ackerman -do itself are Chicanos. wide publicity that the chamber of of police and the chamber's proposal."

Mich. SWP wins round in disclosure battle By TIM CRAINE Party. Reosti pointed to evidence that tain tapes that have been played in the indicated that he could "understand DETROIT- The Michigan Socialist the SWP and its campaign supporters last week or so show a problem we why the Socialist Workers Party is Workers campaign committee has won have been subjected to harassment by can understand." Alluding to the po­ apprehensive." the first round in legal proceedings to the FBI and other government agen­ litical mood of the country, he said, "I think the allegations of the SWP halt the application of state campaign cies. "We cannot return to World War II are correct," he added, "not simply be­ disclosure requirements. The reply to Reosti's motion by and put everyone we disagree with on cause of the allegations but because Circuit Court Judge Peter Spivak Charles ~ackney, assistant attorney lists." of the climate that exists in the United has granted a request for a temporary general for the state of Michigan, in­ However, the state's "legitimate in­ States." restraining order preventing the state dicated the extent to which the gov­ terest," Hackney asserted, is to see of Michigan from forcing the commit­ ernment finds itself on the defensive that no illegal campaign contributions Spivak, however, supported Hack­ tee to turn over names and addresses in this case. "I am not here to defend have been made. He opposed the re­ ney's insistence that someone repre­ of campaign contributors. the FBI," Hackney stated. He agreed quest for the temporary restraining or­ senting the attorney general be al­ Attorney Ron Reosti, representing that the civil liberties of the SWP are der on the grounds that the legal pro­ lowed to examine the campaign com­ the Michigan Civil Liberties Union at stake, asserting that "harassment ceedings may prolong the case beyond mittee's list of contributors for possible (which is sponsoring the suit) request­ of a political party is absolutely un­ the time when violations of the elec­ violations of the election law. The ex­ ed that Spivak enjoin the state from conscionable." tion law can be prosecuted, because of amination will be done in the presence enforcing the campaign disclosure law Referring to the Watergate cover­ the statute of limitations. of attorneys for the SWP, but no copy as applied to the Socialist Workers up trial, Hackney admitted that "cer- In making his ruling, Judge Spivak of the list may be made.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 21 The high place occupied by women pared by secret talks between repre­ fore Black majority rule, the settlers in the earliest societies was discovered sentatives of the Zambian and South and their imperialist backers would be by the founders of anthropology, only African governments. Mohr reported able to reinforce their position and Calendar to be repudiated and ridiculed by la­ that the Zambian government favors make an attempt to break the accords. ter academics. As far as the estab­ such a deal in order to expand eco­ As the Monitor pointed out, "Two or ATLANTA HOW WE CAN WIN THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMEND­ lished anthropological circles were nomic and financial relations with three times in the past, British of­ MENT. Speakers: Sandra Flowers, National Black Fem­ concerned, Reed explained, "Everyone South Africa and Rhodesia. ficials . . . have felt they had such a inist Organization; Martha Gaines, National Organi­ knew that women were the biological­ The talks -were kept secret until the settlement nailed down only to have zation lor Women; Mary Jo Vogel, coordinator, Geor­ ly handicapped sex, and that's why, beginning of December, when it be­ the Rhodesian leader slide away from gians far the Equal Rights Amendment. Fri., Jan. 17, came known that ZAPU leader it." 8 p.m. 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third Floor. Donation: from time immemorial, they came un­ S1. Ausp: Militant Bookstore Forum. For more informa­ der the domination of the superior Joshua Nkomo and ZANU leader tion call (404) 523-0610. male sex." Reverend Ndabaningi Sithole had This is just one of the cherished been freed to participa"te in them. BROOKLYN myths and prejudices Reed debunks It was also announced that ZANU, IMPERIALISM & THE WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS-A in her critical reexamination of an­ ZAPU, and Frolizi. had agreed MARXIST EXPLANATION. A weekend seminar, Jon. 17- ...elderly 18. Speaker: Dick Roberts, staff writer, The Militant. thropology. Spanning a million years to merge with the African National Continued from page 2 J Fri., Jan. 17, 8 p.m.: The present crisis compared to of prehistory from cannibalism to cul­ Council (ANC). The merged group agencies that are supposed to help those which led to World Wars I & II. Sat., Jan. 18, ture, she discloses the hidden history is to be led by the ANC 's president, out with these things, but the 'flak­ 12 noon: How finance capital leads to depression and of women and the real social- not Bishop Abel Muzorewa. war; 2 p.m.: lunch; 3 p.m.: The myth of Keynesianism catchers," as Clouser calls them, just and other attempts to reform capitalism. 136 Lawrence biological- reasons for the rise of the At first it seemed that the negotia­ give them a runaround. St. (near A&S). Donation: $3.50 lor entire series and patriarchal family system. tions would break down when Smith There has been some talk of with­ lunch, S1 per session. Ausp: Socialist Workers Party The stubborn resistance of the an­ refused to accept the possibility of holding rent in protest, but most ten­ and Young Socialist Alliance. For more information thropological establishment to an evo­ Black majority rule. In a radio broad­ ants are fearful that they will be coli (212) 596-3849. lutionary- that is, a genuinely scien­ cast Dec. 15, Smith said that thoughts evicted. DETROIT tific- study of these questions is not of Black majority rule "have never One tenant, Mildred Craig, has been UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE AUTO LAYOFFS. Speak­ hard to explain. entered my mind and I don't think threatened with eviction if she does not ers: Jordan Simms, president, United Auto Workers If biological inferiority is not the they ever will." get her trailer painted to suit the land­ Local 961; John Anderson, past president, UAW Lo· root cause of women's oppression, Immediately following Smith's out­ it col 7; Don Bechler, member, UAW local 174. Fri., lord. "I can't even afford to wash Jan. 17, 8 p.m. 3737 Woodward. Donation: Sl. Ausp: then virtually all the justifications and burst and its rejection by Zimbabwean down," she told The Militant. Craig Militant Forum. For more information call (313) rationalizations for that oppression go leaders, South Africa's Prime Minister suffers from arthritis and cannot paint 831-6135. out the window. IT women were notal­ Vorster circulated another plan, which it herself. ways the "second sex," they need not he and Zambia's President Kaunda Craig is angry about the economic NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN always be so. had approved. This plan would grant SUPERSPY ATTACKS ON DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS: AN crisis in general. "In a country as ANSWER TO THE FBI & CIA. Speakers: Catherine Thus, far from being an obscure immediate suffrage to all those with great as the United States, to think Perkus, Political Rights Defense Fund, Steven WaHen­ academic exercise, a scientific exam­ one year of high school and would that we have starvation and groveling maker, Young Socialist Alliance. Fri., Jan. 17, 8 p.m. ination of women's history provides grant suffrage for all in five years. to get a bite of food and a roof over 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor (near 4th St.). Donation: inspiration and theoretical ammuni­ Meanwhile, many difficulties stand S1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call our heads. It is criminal. There's only (212) 982-6051. tion for today's insurgent movement in the way of implementation of the one word for it." for the liberation of women. initial settlement. According to the Another resident, asked what she ST. LOUIS Conversely, Reed explained, it was Christian Science Monitor, only 20 thought of President Ford's anti-infla­ THE URBAN CRISIS: ST. LOUIS & THE SOCIALIST AL­ the rise of the women's movement in political prisoners were released per tion program, answered: "I think it TERNATIVE. Speaker: Barbara Bowman, Socialist Work­ the 1960s- provoking an upsurge of ers Party candidate lor presidenl, board of alder­ day after the accords. The Monitor stinks. Ford wants to cut welfare and men. Fri., Jan. 17, 8 p.m. 4660 Maryland Ave., Suite study, discussion, and debate over reported that the racists were holding everything down. 17. Donation: S1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more women's history- that made publica­ back on prisoner release until a com­ "Something's got to be done," she inlormalion call (314) 367-2520. tion of Woman's Evolution-a realiza­ plete guerrilla cease-fire had taken added. Some people in the park, she ble project. place. TWIN CITIES observed, are 80 to 85 years old. EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF DOWNFALL OF THE IT the enthusiastic reaction of the Mohr reports that the Zimbabwean "They can't just pick up and go. GREEK DICTATORSHIP. Speaker: Eleltherios Papageor­ thousand young socialists at this con­ "nationalists agreed on an informal They've worked all their lives for what giou, Minnesota Greek-American Solidarity. Fri., vention is any indication, Woman's cease-fire now, and that a formal they've got." Jan. 17, 8 p.m. 25 University Ave., S.E., Mpls. Dona­ Evolution will soon be right in the cease-fire would obtain when a firm She was skeptical about the govern­ lion: Sl. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information center of those discussions and de­ call (61 2) 332-7781 . date for new constitutional talks was ment's explanations for its economic bates. set." As yet, however, Smith has not priorities. "You can't tell me it costs Woman's Evolution will soon be set a date for the conference. more to ship food to hungry people available in the bookstores listed on The strategy of the white-settler re­ than to send napalm to Vietnam." page 22, or can be ordered directly gimes in southern Africa is to hold "It isn't just us," added another wid­ from Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, back the liberation struggle in Zim­ ow. She said that the economic squeeze ... top seller New York, N.Y. 10014. babwe as long as possible. The direc­ is affecting elderly people and others Continued from page 5 tion the current accords take is to everywhere. come about and men win the power guarantee some form of white rule for She'd like to get back to work to along with patriarchal class society?" ... Rhodesia as long as possible, in a situation in earn some extra money, but illness These are the questions that Reed, Continued from page 8 which both South Africa and Rhodesia prevents it. She is afraid that she will after 23 years of research, answers in against Mr. Vorster's country to be see no way to hold on against the be forced to sell the trailer and move Woman's Evolution. "I knew," she carried out from bases in black Afri­ threat of economic strangulation by in with relatives. "I just don't know said, "that I was catapulted right ca." the African states and political revolt what to do." smack into the middle of the biggest According to Mohr, the negotiations by the Zimbabwean masses. As Ruby Clouser put it, "I guess and bitterest dispute in anthropology: between the Smith regime and the Zim­ Under a proposal like the Vorster­ they just want us to crawl away and the issue of the matriarchy." babwean liberation groups were pre- Kaunda plan for a five-year delay be- die." Socialist Directory Arizona: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Steve Shliveck, P. 0. Sl., N. E., Third Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. SWP and Eost Lonsing: YSA, Second Floor Offices, Union Bldg. OREGON: Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stark, Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. 85281. YSA, P. 0. Box 846, Atlanla, Ga. 30301. Tel: (404) Michigan State University, East lansing, Mich. 48823. Filth Floor, Portland, Ore. 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. Tucson: YSA, c/o Tim Clennon, S. U. P. 0. Box 20965, 523-0610. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, Labar PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Cal­ Tucson, Ariz. 85720. HAWAII: Honolulu: YSA, c/o David Hough, 629 Ban­ Bookstore, 25 University Ave. S. E., Mpls., Minn. 55414. lege, Edinboro, Po. 16412. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, nister St. t4, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819. Tel: (612) 332-7781. Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 1 004 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 MISSOUR~ St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, Filberl St. (one block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. (415) 548-0354. S. Wabash, Filth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP­ 4660 Maryland, Suite 2, St. louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. los Angeles, Central-East: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ (312) 939-0737, YSA- (312) 427-0280, Pathfinder (314) 367-2520. PiHsburgh: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Press, 3400 Filth store, 710 S. Westlake Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Books- (312) 939-0756. NEW JERSEY: New Brunswick: YSA, c/o Richard Ave., Pitlsburgh, Po. 15213. Tel: (412) 682-5019. Tel: (213)483-1512. Urbana: YSA, Room 284 lllini Union, Urbana, Ill. Ariza, 515 S. First Ave., Highland Park, N.J. 08904. Stole College: YSA, 333 logan Ave. *401, State Col­ Los Angeles, West Side: SWP and YSA, 230 Broacl­ 61801. Tel: (201) 828-4710. lege, Po. 16801. way, Santa Monica, Calif. 90401. Tel: (213)394-9050. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer livingston, TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, P. 0. Box 67, Station Los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. 317 State St., Albany, N.Y. 12210. B, Nashville, Tenn. 37235. Tel: (615) 383-2583. lake Ave., las Angeles, Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) 483- Indianapolis: YSA, c/o Dave Ellis, 1309 E. Vermont, Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 1 36 lawrence St. (at Wil­ TEXAS: Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, -357. Indianapolis, Ind. 46202. loughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. 3311 Montrose, Houston, Texas 77006. Tel: (713) 526- Sacramento: YSA, c/o Marlene Metcalf, P.O. Box KANSAS: Lowrance: YSA, c/o Christopher Starr, Buffalo: YSA, P. 0. Box 604, Buffalo, N.Y. 14240. 1082. 2061, Sacramenta, Calif. 95810. 3020 Iowa St., Apt. C-14, lawrence, Kans. 66044. Tel: New York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broad­ San Antonio: YSA, c/o Andy Gonzalez, 2203 W. San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 (913) 864-4738 or 842-8658. way (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Houston, San Antonio, Texas 78207. El Cajon Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) KENTUCKY: louisville: YSA, Box 8026, louisville, Tel: (212) 982-4966. UTAH: Logan: YSA, P. 0. Box 1233, Utah State Uni­ 280-1292. Ky. 40208. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookslore. versity, logan, Ulah 84321. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, 709 W. Monument St., 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. WASHINGTON, D. C.: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, Mililani Books, 1519 Mission St., San Francisco, Calif. Ballimore, Md. 21201. Tel: (301) 383-8128. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Books­ 1345 E St. N.W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. 20004. 94103. Tel: SWP-(415) 431-8918; YSA-(415) 863- (212) 982-5940. Tel: SWP- (202) 783-2391; YSA- (202) 783-2363. 2285; Militant Books- (415)864-9174. _ MASSACHUSETTS: Baston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Ossining: YSA, c/o Scott Cooper, 1 27-1 S. Highland Snn Jose: YSA, c/o John Hummer, 96 S. 17th Sl., labor Forum, 655 Allantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, Ave., Ossining, N.Y. 10562. Tel: (914)-8565. WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA and Young Social­ Sar: Jose, Calif. 95112. Tel: (408)286-0615. Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, YSA-(617) Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, ist Books, Rm. 213, Viking Union, Western Washington Santa Barbara: YSA, P. 0. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speakers' Bureau (IASB) 2726 Broadway (1 04th St.), New York, N.Y. 10025. State College, Bellingham, Wash. 98225. Tel: (206) Barbara, Calif. 93107. and Regional Committee- (617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Tel: (212) 663-3000. 676-3460. COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Mililani Book­ Books-(617) 338-8560. NORTH CAROLINA: Greenville: YSA, P. 0. Box 1693, Pullman: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, Wash­ store, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: SWP Worcester: YSA, Box 229 Greendale Station, Wor­ Greenville, N.C. 27834. ington State University, Pullman, Wash. 99163. - (303) 623-2825, YSA- (303) 266-9431. cester, Mass. 01606. OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mills, P. 0. Box Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5623 Greeley: YSA, c/o Barbara Jaeger, 712 15th Ave. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103 Mich. 32084, Cincinnali, Ohio 45232. Tel: (513) 242-9043. University Way N. E., Seallle, Wash. 98105. Tel: (206) Courl, Greeley, Colo. 80631. Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., 522-7800. FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Meriwether Shep­ 481 04. Tel: (31 3) 663-87 66. Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Tel: SWP- (216) 391-5553. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, 108 N. Breese Terr., herd, 811 W. Pensacola St., Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. Petroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 YSA- (216) 391 03278. Madison, Wis. 53705. Tel: i'l04) 575-5810. Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TE1- Columbus: YSA, c/o Margaret Van Epp, 670 Cuya­ Milwaukee: YSA,< UW-Milwaukee Union Box 139, Rm. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookslore, 68 Peachlree 6135. hoga Cl., Columbus, Ohio 43210. Tel: (614) 268-7860. E-382, Milwaukee, Wis. 53201. Tel: (414) 963-5551.

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Self-Determination in the Mideast A debate from the pages of EvelY-n Reed The Militant and Daily World Dave Frankel vs. Tom Foley WOMAN'S Only 60 cents from Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. EVOLUTION

Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ From Matriarchal Clan wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per Classified column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad RACISM AND BUSING IN BOSTON. An is enclosed). Payment must be included in-depth analysis from RADICAL AMERI­ with ads. The Militant is published each To Patriarchal Family CA with a history of the Black struggle week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: against segregation and of the political Friday, one week preceding publication, RECOMMENDED BY KATE MillETT economy of white racism. Send your for classified and display ads; Wednes­ "How importanl it is to women today that the myth of eternal day noon, two days preceding publica­ check for $1 to P.O. Box82, Cambridge, tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) Mass. 02140. and preordained patriarchy be exploded. And at last we have 243-6392. a good solid real woman anthropologist to do it. I look forward to a landmark book."- Kate Millett

Beginning at the dawn of humankind, over a million y.ears Read the ago, Woman's Evolution reveals the contributions women made to lift humanity from its savage beginnings to civili­ zation. Evelyn Reed analyzes the heart of prehistorical so­ Young ciety-the matriarchy-which played the central role in ad­ vancing human social relationships, eradicating cannibalism, Socialist developing language, domesticating animals, producing regu­ lar food supplies, carving a stable home and community out of the wild, and laying the basis for culture. Join the Only after a million years of social evolution did the father emerge as a social figure and the patriarchal family Young develop, eventually to overthrow the matriarchy and sub­ jugate women. This book is the only major defense of the materialist, Socialist evolutionary school of anthropology published in the last Alliance half-century. Well-documented and popularly written, this study is the work of an uncompromising feminist and socialist The Young Socialist Alliance is out to transform this society from top to boHom. uncovering the roots of human civilization. We are fighting for a socialist world, where human needs will come before Evelyn Reed is also the author of Problems of Women's private profit. Liberation, which has been published in eight languages and adopted as the text in more than 250 women's studies classes. __ I would like more information about the YSA. __ I want to join the YSA. 512 pp., $15.00, paper $4.95 __ Enclosed is $1 for 6 months of the Young Socialist newspaper. Name=------Address::------Available from the bookstores listed in the Socialist Directory on the facing City, state, ziflJ & phone:: ______page or by mail from Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West Street, New York, YSA, P.O. Box 471 Cooper Sta., N.Y., N.Y. 10003 N.Y. 10014. Write for a complete catalog.

THE MILITANT/JANUARY 17, 1975 23 THE MILITANT ne ans new cover-u By CINDY JAQUITH on protesters during the 1968 strike at "It's not exactly like putting the fox Columbia· University and on Black in charge of the chicken coop, but students at Cornell University during it comes close," was the comment of a 1969 struggle there. one government official when he One of the most damaging revela­ learned of President Ford's "blue rib­ tions is the link between the CIA and bon" panel to investigate the CIA the Huston spy plan. One intelligence. The remark reflects the public anger official told Hersh "that the require­ that is greeting Ford's appointment of ment to maintain files on American a commission headed by Vice-Presi­ citizens emanated, in part, from the dent Nelson Rockefeller to look into so-called Huston plan." domestic spying by the C lA This plan was the 1970 proposal In a Dec. 22, 1974, article in the by former White House aide Tom New York 1Ymes, reporter Seymour Huston to step up attacks on U.S. Hersh revealed that the CIA has been rt\dicals. Nixon claimed the plan nev­ conducting a massive surveillance er went into effect, but several intel­ campaign against U.S. antiwar, ligence officials told Hersh that the Black, and radical activists. CIA operations "obviously got a push The CIA spying was reported to at that time." have intensified at the height of the Victor Marchetti corroborated this radicalization in the late 1960s and in an interview in the January Pent­ early 1970s. At one point, Hersh said, house. Marchetti spoke of Richard the agency had files on 10,000 dis­ Helms, ambassador to Iran, who was senters. director of the C lA at the height of its Confronted by a public that is out­ illegal activities. raged at learning of still more secret The panel also includes arch-CIA could soon engulf the Ford admini­ "Helms was very cooperative with CIA activities, Ford has appointed a booster Ronald Reagan; John Con­ stration as well. the White House Plumbers, with the panel to 'investigate" the charges. A nor, chairman of the board of Allied According to Hersh, CIA burglaries, Huston domestic-espionage plan, and more appropriate gallery of cover­ Chemical; AFL-CIO Secretary-Treas­ mail tampering, electronic surveil­ with breaking into embassies and up artists could hardly be assembled. urer Lane Kirkland, who along with lance, and use of informants against other things that he thought were le­ Heading the panel is Nelson Rocke­ George Meany has collaborated with U.S. dissidents date back at least 20 gitimate functions of the CIA and that feller, who is already sitting on the· the CIA for years; and former Uni­ years. he thought J. Edgar Hoover was President's Foreign Intelligence Ad­ versity of Virginia president Edgar "Every one of these acts was bla­ going too slow on," said Marchetti. visory Board, the group that has been Shannon. tantly illegal," one source told Hersh. (For a review of Marchetti's book, supposedly watching the CIA all Even the appointee being played up Both Democratic and Republican The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence, along. Moreover, the vice-president is as the "liberal"- Erwin Griswold- is presidents were actively involved in see page 20 ). directly linked to Secretary of State an enemy of democratic rights. While supervising CIA operations. In an in­ Rockefeller, as chairman of the new Kissinger, who as head of the "40 serving as solicitor general for the terview in the French weekly Le Point, commission on the CIA, has an­ Committee" regularly receives reports Justice Department, Griswold defended former CIA official Victor Marchetti nounced that in his view ·the commis­ of covert C lA activities. the Army when it was taken to court said: "I saw very well how the agency, sion's task is to "restore public con­ Several other panel members have for illegal spying in 1972. pushed by the White House and es­ fidence without damaging a very im­ previous ties to the CIA, such as "Having the C.I.A. investigated by pecially Lyndon Johnson, began to portant organ of national security." C. Douglas Dillon, the cold warrior such a group is like having the Mafia mount its operations in the United In other words, Rockefeller wants who was acting secretary of state in audited by its own accountants," wrote States, even spying on such organi­ to give the impression of 'investi­ 1960 when the Soviet Union shot New York 1Ymes columnist Tom zations as the civil rights movement." gating" without actually bringing to down the CIA's U-2 plane. Dillon au- Wicker. One of Johnson's targets was Black light any of the still-secret conspiracies . thorized the famous lie that the U-2 Indeed, as one White House aide entertainer Eartha Kitt, who enraged the CIA has carried out, at home and was just out on "weather reconnais­ frankly admitted to the Christian Sci­ him in 1968 by publicly attacking abroad, in the name of national se­ sance." ence Monitor, the "blue ribbon" panel the Vietnam war at a White House curity. General Lyman Lemnitzer was also is "directed at avoiding anything close luncheon. Johnson demanded a CIA But the negative reaction to the named by Ford. He presided over the to a Watergate." investigation of Kitt and received a whitewash panel is a sign that- as secret meetings of the Joint Chiefs of The White House has plenty to wor­ detailed report on the entertainer. Ford's predecessor learned only too Staff in 1961, where plans for the ry about, for the revelations have thus A former undercover CIA agent in well- in today's political atmosphere, C lA 's Bay of Pigs inv asian were dis­ far linked the secret spying on dis­ New York revealed to Hersh that he plots to cover up government crimes cussed. senters· to at least four presidents, and was part of an agency team that spied have a tendency to unravel.

CIA linked to Cuban exile terror raids Throughout the 1960s and early the CIA. three armed arson attacks, totally de­ in the case revealed that the Cubans 1970s, counterrevolutionary Cuban An article in the Jan. 4 New York stroying the Haymarket, a radical had been approached prior to the ter­ groups have carried out a series of 1Ymes disclosed that this gusano wing meeting place; gutting the headquar­ rorist attacks by. a man claiming to terrorist attacks in the United States of the CIA operated from 1960 to at ters of the Socialist Workers Party; be with the CIA against supporters of the Cuban revo­ least 1970, ·employing 150 people. and burning the Ashgrove, a coffee­ In its suit against illegal government lution, antiwar activists, and socialists. The Cuban exiles carried out CIA op­ house. assaults, the SWP cites the CIA in­ Frequently the Cuban exiles-known erations in Miami, New York, San volvement in the Los Angeles raid as gusanos (worms)-have openly Juan, and Los Angeles, and even had­ In the attack on the SWP, four so­ and names the CIA as a defendant boastetl of their responsibility for their own private aircraft to shuttle cialist campaign workers were forced bombings, physical attacks, and agents across the U. S. and to Latin to lie face down on the floor while The suit is being supported by the threats against leftist groups, yet they America. "It was like a small secret a dozen masked gunmen set the build­ Political Rights Defense Fund. Cather­ are rarely prosecuted for their crimes. army," one Cuban told the 1Ymes. ing on fU'e. The four were lucky to ine Perkus, PRDF spokesperson, said, Now the revelations about CIA spy­ This information confirms the sus­ escape alive. "We will press for the release of all the ing in this country have uncovered a picion of CIA involvement in one of Three gusanos were eventually secret C lA files on the SWP and the direct link between the gusano thugs the most serious waves of gusano vio­ brought to trial for these attacks and disclosure of all the illegal activities and the government, through a secret lence, during the spring of 1970 in given light sentences. But it was only carried out by Cuban exiles in the Cuban exile counterintelligence unit in Los Angeles. Cuban exiles carried out after Watergate that the prosecution pay of the CIA"