Socialist Workers Convention Urges: All Out for Washington March To Win Jobs and Freedom!

NEW YORK — All-out support to the March on Wash­ derstand that the Negroes are doing them a favor in should be in Washington August 28 to back up the ington for Jobs and Freedom was voted by the delegates leading this March and that to support it is a matter Negroes on this March.” to the 20th National Convention of the Socialist Workers of bread-and-butter self interest. The March has been officially called in the name Of Party held here in July. “In addition to the vital problem of discrimination, James Farmer, national director of CORE; Martin Luther In a statement authorized by unanimous vote of the the March is intended to dramatize the problem of un­ King, head of the Southern Christian Leadership Con­ delegates, the convention presiding committee declared: employment which weighs most heavily on Negro work­ ference; John Lewis, chairman of the Student Nonviolent “Right now, the number one job of the party branches ers. A giant march by those who suffer from these evils Coordinating Committee; A. Phillip Randolph, president across the country is to mobilize all members, supporters w ill strike fear into their enemies on Capitol Hill. The of the Negro American Labor Council; Roy Wilkins, and friends to help build the August 28 March on Wash­ sponsors of the March have pointed out that the strug­ executive secretary of the NAACP; and Whitney Young, ington. The Negro people in this country have taken the gle for decent jobs for Negroes is ‘inextricably linked head of the National Urban League. lead and are making a tremendous contribution to the with the struggle for decent jobs for all Americans,’ and Special buttons to be worn by the marchers and a development of a ‘creative crisis’ in which a great blow have called for a federal ‘massive works program to booklet of instructions entitled “Organizing Manual No. can be struck against the exploitation of man by man. train and employ all Americans at decent wages and 1” are now being distributed by various sponsoring or­ “For revolutionists it is a question of simple human at meaningful and dignified labor.’ ganizations. The address of the national headquarters of justice to support this struggle by the Negroes for equal­ “Every unemployed worker, every militant unionist, the March is: March on Washington for Jobs and Free­ ity. It is also our duty to help make white workers un­ every revolutionary socialist who can possibly make it dom, 170 West 130 Street, New York 27, N. Y. THE Brooklyn Fight on Job Bias MILITANT Points Way for Rights Cause Published in the Interests of the Working People

V o l. 27 - No. 28 M onday, A u g u s t 5, 1963 P ric e 10c Indiana Jury Re-Indicts Three Young Socialists By Charles Gardner Three officers of the Indiana been in session over a week and University chapter of the Young heard some ten witnesses. Much Socialist Alliance were re-indict­ ado was made about this being ed in Bloomington July 18 on two an exceptionally “independent” counts under Indiana’s state sedi­ grand jury. tion law which provides a max­ Criticism had been levelled at imum sentence of three years im­ the way the May 1 indictment was prisonment on each count. arrived at. The jury then had met Ralph L e vitt, 25, James B ing­ only briefly and was said to be ham, 25, and Tom Morgan, 22, under undue influence from the were charged with assembling on witch-hunting prosecutor in the March 25 and May 2 for the pur­ case, Thomas A . Hoadley. Hoadley pose — as the indictments put it — had devoted his office since he “of advocating and teaching the was sworn in last January to the doctrine that the government of cause of pressuring the IU Admin­ the United States and the State of istration into withdrawing recog­ Indiana, should be overthrown by nition from the campus YSA. force, violence and any unlawful The March 25 meeting referred means, voluntarily participating to in the first indictment was a therein by their presence, aid and public talk on the IU campus by instigation.” Leroy McRae, national organiza­ The two July 18 indictments tion secretary of the Young So­ Militant photo by Jack Arnold were identical in wording to the cialist Alliance, entitled “Black single indictment handed down CHAIN-IN. Cops had a hard time at Downstate Medical Center site in Brooklyn when anti-job- Revolt in America.” McRae, who against the three on May 1. Only bias demonstrators padlocked themselves to a long chain and sat down at gate to block delivery is a Negro, had spoken on this the word “or” used in the May 1 trucks from entering. Cops had to secure a bolt cutter and then cut each individual loose. Mean­ topic at dozens of campuses on a indictment was changed to “and” nationwide speaking tour this while sit-downers sipped cool drink brought by fellow demonstrator. Cops weren’t offered any. and the May 2 count was added. spring. Hoadley distorted McRae’s The indictment came after the remarks on Negroes’ right to de­ By Leslie Evans Side. But the center of the fight Monroe County grand jury had 42 demonstrators at the Brooklyn fend themselves against racist at­ NEW YORK, Aug. 1 — A new is taking place at the Downstate site were arrested and charged tack and made these the basis for wave of militancy in the fight Medical Center building site in the with disorderly conduct for stand­ the charge of advocating violence against job discrimination on heart of Bedford-Stuyvesant, ing in the path of trucks to prev­ against the government. construction projects here has re­ Brooklyn’s Negro community. ent them from entering the proj­ In This Issue The May 2 meeting — at which sulted in the arrest of more than The demonstrations began at ect. One of those jailed was violent overthrow was again al­ 650 civil rights demonstrators this site July 11 as CORE, the Reverend Taylor who commented: legedly advocated — was, in fact, since July 11. The determination NAACP and the Urban League “Most of the prophets spent time a private meeting of the defen­ of the demonstrators is being issued a demand for the hiring in jail. This is a long tradition. The Test-Ban Pact; dants and fellow students the pur­ deepened by the callousness of of more Negroes and Puerto Ricans When a government is corrupt, as The Sino-Soviet Rift P. 3 pose of which was to discuss the the cops and instances of violence on the $25,000,000 state-financed this one is about discrimination, it first steps of the legal defense. by them. Yesterday, at the dem­ project. The rights groups were must be challenged . . .” This meeting to plan the defense onstration in Brooklyn two teen­ joined by Brooklyn’s Negro clergy, That night an overflow rally SWP Convention was held one day after the first age girls were in ju re d and re­ led by Rev. W illiam A. Jones, Rev. of 1,500 at the Bethany Baptist indictment and took place in the moved in ambulances when the Milton A. Galamison and Rev. Church heard speeches by the A report P. 6 rented basement apartment of cops shoved pickets behind bar­ Gardner C. Taylor. church leaders who had been ar­ some friends of the defendants. ricades to keep them from barring Even Mayor Wagner’s “action rested in the morning. Black Nationalism The landlord of the apartment, approaching trucks from the con­ panel” on job equality confirmed Representatives of civil rights one Harold Wilkes, told the press struction site. the justice of the demonstrators’ organizations and the ministers Force for Freedom P. 5 — according to a July 19 In d ia ­ These demonstrations are setting demands in a July 12 report that addressed a demand to President napolis Star report — that he had an important pattern for the fu­ stated that a number of unions that (Continued on Page 2) taped the May 2 meeting from up­ ture of the civil rights movement “ represent several very significant, CP Smears Muslims stairs through a ventilator. Wilkes, because they hit at the very heart highly skilled and highly paid an acquaintance of prosecutor of the Jim Crow system — the Charges "Racism" P. 5 trades . . . either have a token "Labor with a white Hoadley, was one of the witnesses denial of decent jobs to people number of non-whites or none at heard in the week-long grand jury because of the color of their skin. all.” It said these unions were skin cannot em anci­ Report from Cuba session. Demonstrations and arrests are “reputed to have resisted all at­ pate itself where labor Hoadley’s comments to the taking place throughout New tempts to integrate them.” with a black skin is New Self-Reliance P. 2 press revealed how he hoped to York: in Queens, the Bronx, Har­ The first large scale arrests branded."— Karl Marx (Continued on Page 4) lem and Manhattan’s Lower East came on Monday, July 15, when Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, August 5, 1963

..imiiiimmiiiiiiimiimniiiiiiimiiiimiiimimiiimmiimmiimmiiiimiiiiim ...... CUBA: Report by a Canadian Journalist A Miracle of Inventiveness, Baling Wire and Self-Reliance

[This spring Jack Scott, wide­ ican can come here to look for is as constant as the crude oil ly-read daily columnist of the Sun himself. shipments in mighty trans-Atlan- in Vancouver, Canada, made a I t ’s less than five years ago that tic tankers flying the hammer- second visit to Cuba and wrote Cuba was almost totally reliant on and-sickle. (They go back, now, eight articles describing what he American hardware and that well- thanks to a Cuban invention for saw there. After a lengthy Latin known Yankee “know-how.” flushing the tanks free of the last, American tour the year before, There was precious little that lingering odor of oil, laden with he had written some of the finest ran with moving parts or that con­ sugar syrups.) articles on South America and tributed to the ease or luxury of Almost everything you may do Cuba yet to appear in the North living that wasn’t imported from here, from taking a Czechoslova­ American press. His recent series State-side. The sugar went out kian aspirin to riding in an Hun­ shows that his perspicacity, can­ past the Morro Castle in one ship. garian bus to cooling off under a dor, w it and sympathy for the Cu­ The goodies from General Motors Chinese electric fan to being pre­ ban Revolution have in no way or General Electric came by in served with Soviet embalming diminished. We are reprinting the another. As in Canada today, so fluid — is a reminder of how major part of his recent series. in pre-revolutionary Cuba — a America’s policy has thrust Cuba Space lim ita tio n does not allow us scant 100 miles from the railheads into the embrace of that other to print it in full.] to Detroit, Pittsburgh and Chi­ ideology. cago — life without Uncle Sam Yet, spectacular as this may be, By Jack Scott was unthinkable. it is the way that Cuba muddles HAVANA — Funny. Somewhere What has happened, then, in through on her own, a miracle of in the back of my mind I keep these unthinkable months of inventiveness, baling wire, impro­ hearing those defiant lyrics that Cuba’s hemispheric solitary con­ visation, sticky tape, mend-and- dear Eliza sings in My Fair Lady: finem ent seems very rem iniscent make-do and growing self-reli­ Without you pulling it, the tide of the way Eliza put it: W ithout ance, that bemuses the visitor. HARD, NECESSARY WORK. Member of Cuban cooperative cuts comes in, without you twirling it, much ado we can all muddle He’s apt to consider it as more henequin which is used in manufacture of hemp. the earth can spin, without you through . . . without you! than mere rationalizing when a pushing them the clouds roll by. Let there be no mistake about it. revolution leader opines that the Cubans will be able to purchase for Czechoslovakia, where most of If THEY can do it, Ducky, so This regime could hardly survive most lasting result of America’s electric irons, electric refrigera­ the raw materials originate. The can I . . . without being the nina adorada, particular “wall” — the good one, tors, toasters, radios and television plant is operated entirely by The significant result, of course, the pampered child, of the Social­ you know, not the bad one in sets entirely made here. Cuban- Cuban technicians and pharmacists of the United States’ policy of ist countries. Berlin — will be to propel this made gas kitchen stoves are al­ and, among other products, man­ isolation, the mighty elephant’s To tour the harbor fronts of little old island toward un­ ready on the market. In almost all ufactures aureomycin, streptomy­ reprisal against the insolent, un- Havana, Matanzas, Manzanillo, dreamed-of self-sufficiency. these endeavors you’ll find the cin and penicillin. crushable gnat, is Cuba’s reliance Neuvitas, Santiago de Cuba, Cien- Looking through my crowded master touch of the old pros from Item; Baseball. It’s Cuba’s na­ on its distant friends of the Com­ fuegos and other Cuban ports is notes I find a wide assortment of the socialist countries. At San­ tional pastime (they beat the U.S. examples, some meaningful, some munist world. to be overwhelmed by the lengths tiago de las Vegas outside Havana, team 13-1 and 3-1 at the Pan- Yet the visitor here, especially that Moscow, Peking and their trivial, but all of them of interest where they’ve set up a radio as­ American games at Sao Paulo if he’s Canadian, is inclined to be subsidiaries are prepared to go to to a Canadian who, like Chicken sembly plant putting out a mi­ which helped to even the score for more fascinated by another reac­ keep Fidel Castro in business. Little, might think the sky would niature mantel set called the An­ the Bay of Pigs episode). tion, the purely local thumb to Especially in heavy industrial fall in if he was left to his own tilles, first of five models includ­ When the supply of gloves, balls, the nose which Eliza Cuba dis­ machinery, trucks, tractors, earth- devices. ing two with FM, three Polish bats, shoes and uniform s was cut Item: The pilot plants have been plays across the 90 miles of open movers, factory components and, technicians are in attendance. off, the Cubans began manufactur­ water that separate it from the with maximum security, the built, some of the first experi­ Their names: Stanislau Postolski, ing their own, have equipped mental models have been produced glorious land of freedom, the land ponderous tools for Fidel’s for­ Zygmat Margasineski, Zgibniew tens of thousands of small boys. which has declared that no Amer­ midable armed services, the flow and next year, if all goes w ell, Miezejeuski. Their newest model: Drive anywhere on a Sunday and The Carioca. No wonder this has Cuba strikes you as one vast Little been called a “surrealist” country. League training camp. Item: In his most recent state- Item: Production of nickel at ... Brooklyn Fight Against Job Bias of-the-republic message President plants in Nicaro and Moa, in the Oswaldo Dorticos, looking back on province of Oriente, where Soviet (Continued from Page 1) the highest since 500 people were picket line in Brooklyn reads: the revolution’s four years and technicians have estimated re­ Kennedy, and New York’s Gov­ jailed in the Harlem riot of August “Unions, yes! — Exclusive clubs, admitting the “precariousness” of serves for 30 to 35 years, is at an ernor Rockefeller and Mayor 1, 1943 when five people were no!” People begin marching on his statistics, conservatively esti­ all-time high. Most of it goes to Wagner demanding that all con­ killed. For the first time, the dem­ the line at 7 a.m. every morning mated the Gross National Product Russia, Czechoslovakia, China, struction in the city supported by onstrators received some union behind police barricades by the had increased by more than 30 Rumania and Hungary. public funds be halted unless at support as Local 485 of the Inter­ gates to the construction area. per cent. The inventory is one that might least 25 per cent of the jobs were national Union of Electrical, Radio Spirits are high, and an average Item: Coca-Cola. Cubans have fill all the available pages of this assigned to Negroes and Puerto and Machine Workers sent 60 tu rn o u t is about 200. Singing “ We always been among the world’s newspaper, yet for the visitor the Ricans. volunteers to join the picket line. Shall Not Be Moved” and chant­ highest per capita consumers of it. most interesting manifestation of “Blood may flow in the streets Brennan commented that the ing “Freedom Now!” and “Bren­ For two years after the bottling Cuban do-it-yourself is the vehi­ of Brooklyn,” Dr. Taylor warned. demonstrators were trying to nan Must Go!” they are ready to companies were “nationalized” the cular traffic in the streets of “ A nd if it does, the streets w ill “blackjack” the construction un­ go to jail to win their demands. genuine syrup for the pause that Havana. be cleansed. If necessary, we w ill ions, and demagogically called for One of the ministers at a rally refreshes arrived here from Ca­ A year ago when I was here die like heroes.” an investigation of “some of the last Wednesday night said, “We nada. Then the parent company in people were speculating on how The heads of the unions in­ questionable characters on the w ill give up three people for every the United States cut off the sup­ long the American-built cars and volved proved to be even less picket lines.” tru c k that goes in, and three peo­ ply, offered top jobs States-side to buses, almost all of them models sensitive to the situation than the To his everlasting shame, John ple for every truck that comes its Cuban executives. of the 1950s, could be expected to Republican and Democratic party J. O’Rourke, president of the out.” They are doing it. A ll defected except 37-year-old last. politicians. On Wednesday, July Teamsters Joint Council 16, backed They carry placards which read: Charles Rodriguez, a chemist. He Today the feeling is that they’ll 17, the Building and Construction up Brennan by ordering Teamster “ Hire Negroes and Puerto Ricans,” set out to break the formula, long go on forever, gradually being Trades Council rejected the re­ members to drive their trucks “End Exploitation by New York a closely guarded secret, made transformed by imported and commendations of Mayor Wagner’s through the picket lines and by City,” “What Good Are ‘Rights’ hundreds of tests, even sent home-made parts until very little “ action panel” on ways to open its denouncing the demonstrators as Without Jobs?” “If Black Men batches of the mixture to Czecho­ of the originals is left. People talk member unions to more Negroes “bomb throwers” and “frustrated Don’t Work, No Man Works,” slovakia for laboratory analysis. of their “United Nations” cars, an and Puerto Ricans. malcontents.” “Good Enough for War — Better Today you can’t tell the Cuban amalgam of the Detroit model with Peter J. Brennan, president of Brennan agreed to set up a Yet for Jobs” and “No jobs, No Coke from the original. It’s even their vital innards replaced by the 122-union council, represent­ screening committee with himself re n t!” in the same, familiar bottle, now parts from every corner of the ing 250,000 construction workers, at its head to rule on the qualifica­ Here is a typical scene on the manufactured here because coun­ Communist world. asserted that the unions would not tions of Negro applicants for ap­ line: A truck approaches the gate ter-revolutionaries made it a prac­ The most popular exhibit that’s accept “dictation by any outside prenticeship programs. He refused where the main line is concen­ tice to break the original bottles. been held here since the revolu­ group” on whom they should ac­ to speculate on how many open­ trated. A young white woman and Item: A $200 million four-year tion began was a show displaying cept as apprentices and journey­ ings would be made available to a little Negro girl of about 11 sit plan for the modernization and more than 1,400 automotive com­ men. Negroes as a result of the screen­ down in the driveway in front of creation of hydro-electric and ponents that have been designed The three man panel had pro­ ing plan, but indicated there would the gate. A mass of cops surround thermo-electric plants, including and manufactured here to graft posed, among other steps, that not be very many. them and lift them bodily and ten new generating plants to be on to the American cars as they ministers and teachers, instead of Brennan claimed that except for carry them to a patrol wagon. The provided by Bulgaria, is under break down or wear out. only union members, be accepted International Brotherhood of Elec­ crowd of demonstrators breaks way. Sixty-five per cent of the In any yellow-painted taxi, for as sponsors for applicants, and trical Workers Local 3, all the into a chorus of “Freedom! Free­ new kilowatts are earmarked for example, you’ll find that brake that the U.S. Department of Labor locals in the council put together dom! Freedom!” Havana, most of the rest for linings, clutch plates, pistons, or a similar agency test the qual­ took in only 200 apprentices a Before the truck can move, a Oriente’s new steel and heavy headlights, fan belts, batteries and ifications of journeymen. year. The council is made up of second pair of demonstrators take manufacturing complex now under fuel-pumps are Cuban-made ad­ The week before, the panel’s 122 locals which represent 250,000 up their positions in front of the construction. aptations, a program so successful proposals had been rejected by a workers in construction in the gate. They too are carried away Item: The latest six-months’ re­ that there is now even talk of committee of civil rights organiza­ area. Significantly, IBEW Local as the crowd cheers them. port of the Consolidated Plastics making a Cuban national car. tions on the grounds that they 3 is also the local which fought As a third couple sit down in Enterprise notes production, The fact is, of course, that were not strong enough. for and won the 25 hour week last front of the gate, the truck pulls among other items for domestic Cubans from the top to the bot­ The demonstrations began to year. As a result of that victory, off and turns away to enter the use, of tw o -a n d -a-h a lf m illio n tom, would like nothing better catch the imagination of the Negro the local’s allowance of appren­ job through another gate. vials for pharmaceutical use, 77 than a return to even token trade community, and a rally was held tices on the job was doubled from There has been a call for every million buttons, more than four relations with the United States. in Brooklyn on July 21 that turned 1,000 to 2,000, and a significant unemployed Negro in Brooklyn million combs, two-and-a-quarter Without it, they know, this is­ out 4,000 people. The follow ing number of Negro youth were to come down to support the line. m illio n toothbrushes, 881,000 pairs land w ill always suffer the penal­ day there were mass arrests at hired. So far in the present crisis, A t the rally last Wednesday night of plastic heels fo r women’s shoes, ties of being ostracized from its the Downstate project as 211 were none of the union leaders have Dr. Taylor said, “The people who 42,000 dolls. geographical buddies, however Jailed for sitting or kneeling in proposed this obvious road to a have had more because others Item: They’ve opened the first much help comes in, however in­ the path of trucks. It was estimat­ solution to the problem — the have had less are not going to give plant in Havana for the manufac­ ventive they may be. ed that close to 1,300 people took fight for the shorter work week it up. It is going to have to be ture of antibiotics, supplying most But meanwhile there’s a certain part in the demonstration. Cops at no reduction in pay. snatched from them!” The audi­ of Cuba’s domestic needs as well delicious satisfaction in muddling said they believed the arrests were One sign that is carried on the ence agreed. as an advance order of $2,000,000 through, Ducky, without you. Monday, August 5, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Three

TWO MOSCOW CONFERENCES: Castro Steers Own Course The New York Times, the most authoritative voice of Amer­ The Test-Ban Pact; The Sino-Soviet Rift ican imperialism, observed Cuba’s national holiday July 26 with By William F. Warde other nuclear explosion, any­ mean abandoning the hope or am­ a slap at Castro that was in its way a fine compliment. The head bition of becoming a nuclear of the small Caribbean nation, said the Times, “has proved to be and Joseph Hansen where” w hich could cause radio­ active fallout in the atmosphere. power. In the case of France, fo r the most formidable foreign enemy our country has faced in this Two conferences of immense Many commentators consider instance, there have been rather hemisphere since our own Revolution.” import to the world, both diplo­ this to be the main point of the broad hints in the press in the The Times, of course, has a few things mixed up. In 1776 matically and politically, have treaty. It is simply a device, as past week that the scientific the American patriots were revolutionists like Castro and his fol­ just been held in Moscow. One, French Foreign Minister Maurice knowledge to be won through con­ lowers today. And the "foreign enemy,” Great Britain, was a a meeting of representatives of Couve de Murville put it, to “cry­ ducting tests could be furnished counterrevolutionary imperialist power such as the U.S. has be­ the Soviet Union and the People’s stallize the differences” between by the nuclear powers, thus elim­ come. It would have been more accurate to say that not since Republic of China, is admitted by the nuclear haves and have-nots. inating the need fo r tests. our own Revolution has this hemisphere seen such a formidable both sides to have ended in fail­ Peking has attacked the tripar­ The Chinese would be in a much opponent of imperialism as Castro. ure. The other, a gathering of tite agreement. In a typical sting­ stronger position if they re­ On the same day that this extraordinary tribute appeared diplomats of the United States, ing statement July 22, the Chinese cognized the feelings of all in the Times, Castro spoke in Havana. What he said showed Great Britain and the USSR, is radio accused the United States of humanity about radioactive conta­ again why American imperialism considers him to be so redoubt­ hailed by the participants as a seeking to prevent China from be­ mination of the atmosphere. They able. He held up revolutionary Cuba once more as an example notable success. coming a nuclear power. could offer to join in banning for all of Latin America. What is the real meaning of “United States officials,” said tests that cause fallout if the “What has happened in Cuba could happen exactly the same these two conferences? How the broadcast, “have spoken pub­ nuclear powers would reciprocate way in many Latin-Amerlcan countries . . .. A million workers should they be assessed fro m the licly of the need to profit from the by making public the scientific and peasants look to Cuba for hope and encouragement.” Ideas, Marxist point of view? What do present Chinese-Soviet differences knowledge gained in previous he said, cannot be stopped. their outcomes mean to the work­ to realize the long-cherished Unit­ testing. Castro denied that Cuba is seeking to “export” its revolu­ ing people, particularly in the ed States dream of preventing These faults in the Chinese posi­ tion. Revolutions in other Latin-American countries must be led struggle for a world of enduring China from becoming a power tion, however, do not invalidate by revolutionists of those lands. He noted that in Venezuela peace? capable of countering nuclear the correctness of Peking’s re­ “when patriots needed money and arms they took them away The talks of the Chinese-Soviet blackmail.” cognition that the partial test ban from the soldiers and imperialists.” representatives were marked by In attempted justification of his treaty is directed principally Castro stressed in particular that Argentina, Peru, Colombia bitter exchanges both before, dur­ policy of leaving Peking in the against China. As they have noted, and Guatemala are ripe for revolution. ing and after the conference. A l­ lurch and shifting closer to Wash­ the chief aim of American im­ The independent revolutionary position indicated by Castro’s though the failure to bridge the ington, Khrushchev has accused perialism in this sphere is to ex­ speech was especially significant in view of his recent trip to the differences stopped short of a the leaders of the Chinese Com­ clude China from the “nuclear Soviet Union where heavy pressure was placed on him to take formal rupture in relations, the munist party of preaching that club.” Moscow’s side in the dispute with Peking. whole world is aware that the rift nuclear war is inevitable. Singling The Chinese are right in view­ Instead of making a deep factional commitment, as Khrusch- is irreparable. Two centers, Mos­ out ill-considered statements made ing Moscow’s participation in this chev would like, the Cubans, it is clear, are doing their best to cow and Peking, are vying for the in Peking, the Kremlin gives them imperialist game as a betrayal of maintain their own independent course and to keep up their allegiance of the workers states an invidious interpretation. socialist principles and of inter­ revolutionary zeal. In Algiers last week, Che Guevara said in an and the Communist parties For example, in its July 14 re­ national working-class solidarity. interview that the Chinese-Soviet rift “brings nothing good to throughout the world. ply to the June 14 letter of the One of the causes of the rift the revolutionary movement, but we shall not say who is right in between China and the Soviet Behind Rift Central Committee of the Com­ this conflict because we are small.” munist party of China, the Cen­ Union is undoubtedly the Krem­ He added, “We cannot attempt to be arbitrator, judge or to The rift involves much more tral Committee of the Communist lin’s policy of not helping the play any other part of this kind.” than an ideological dispute be­ party of the Soviet Union called Chinese people to acquire nuclear tween the two ruling Communist attention to the following sentence devices and of working to main­ parties. Moscow, according to Pek­ in an anthology approved by tain a Moscow-Washington mono­ masses fo r more and better con­ the key problem of our times. ing, tore up economic agreements Chinese government officials: “ On poly of nuclear striking power. sumers goods. After finding the way to tap nu­ and arbitrarily withdrew thou­ the ruins of destroyed imperial­ From the viewpoint of the social­ To Khrushchev, the over-all clear energy, how can mankind sands of technicians. Trade rela­ ism, the victorious peoples will ist interests of the Chinese peo­ price that must be paid — serv­ avoid nuclear destruction and turn tions have drastically declined. create with tremendous speed a ple, Khrushchev’s alignment with ing as a helper of imperialism in the greatest discovery since the Now the rupture affects the gov­ civilization a thousand times the State Department and the slowing down the rise of revolu­ making of fire into a means of ernmental level. higher than under the capitalist Pentagon in denying information tionary China — does not seem building a paradise on earth? The consummation of the split system, will build their really and aid to China in constructing excessive. In fact, from a narrow Kennedy, of course, offers no between Peking and Moscow bright future.” nuclear devices is a grosser act factional point of view, Khrush­ program for converting nuclear coincided with the final steps in of betrayal than Soviet alignment A Falsification chev no doubt sees the move as energy into a great natural re­ reaching a partial ban on testing with Nehru in the Chinese-Indian strengthening his position in face source available to all h u m a n of nuclear weapons which was This is presented as the “views border dispute. of Peking’s challenge to his lead­ beings. He does contend, however, signed July 25. As China and the of the Chinese leadership about Why has Khrushchev pursued a ership. that his administration has peace­ Soviet Union — two workers the creation of ‘a thousand times course so inimical to the long- It requires little probing to dis­ ful intentions. states — drifted farther apart, the higher civilization’ on the corpses range interests of the Soviet Union cover the reasons for Kennedy’s The proofs he offers of this are Soviet Union and the imperialist of hundreds of millions of people.” itself? He appears to have three agreement to the partial test ban somewhat suspect: the biggest Anglo-Saxon powers moved closer The Chinese Communist party considerations in mind: treaty. The Pentagon has no need peacetime military budget in his­ together. leaders do not hold such views. (1) He is worried about the at the moment for further tests; tory, the intensification of w a r in The partial test ban treaty is They can be correctly accused of threat of Western Germany be­ thus the State Department is free the jungles of southeast Asia and being hailed in Washington as a underestimating the consequences coming a nuclear power either to wring whatever advantage is to a military crisis over Cuba last “historic achievement,” in the of nuclear war and of making through direct assistance from the be gained from agreeing to a fall that left it up to Khrushchev words of Kennedy “a shaft of light statements that lend themselves Pentagon or through collaboration moratorium. It is to the advantage whether the world’s two mightiest cut into the darkness” and “a to distortion; but they do not with Gen. de Gaulle. It appears of of U.S. militarism to bar other powers would deliver tens of victory for mankind.” It covers advocate nuclear war and they do more immediate importance to countries from developing nuclear thousands of nuclear weapons to testing in the atmosphere, outer not consider it to be inevitable. Khrushchev to block Adenauer weapons of their own, above all each other’s cities. and his successors in their efforts space and under water. Testing The main line of difference be­ China which looms potentially as The record shows clearly enough underground, however, is per­ tween Moscow and Peking on the to win a membership card in the the world’s greatest power. Final­ that neither the Republican nor m itted. question of how to win enduring nuclear club than to maintain ly, a moratorium on nuclear tests, Democratic political custodians of How little Washington has ac­ peace does not lie here. solidarity with revolutionary which appears to make a conces­ America’s monopolistic profiteers tually conceded can be judged by The real difference in positions China. sion to Khrushchev although it is w ill hesitate in a moment of despe­ the fact that the treaty is the is that Khrushchev maintains that Cynical View only a formula presented by ration at pressing the fatal button same Eisenhower offered years nuclear war can be averted by Eisenhower and previously reject­ that will bring modem civiliza­ ago. agreements reached between Mos­ (2) The Soviet military leaders ed by Moscow, offers a splendid tion down in smoking ruins. To The “most persuasive argument” cow and Washington without in­ have no immediate need for any opening for exploring the rift be­ trust them is one way of inviting in favor of the treaty advanced volving the overthrow of impe­ further testing of nuclear weapons. tween China and the Soviet Union. suicide. by the Kennedy administration in rialism. The Chinese, on the other They have just completed an ex­ Kennedy feels himself to be in Khrushchev, in the struggle for governmental circles, according to hand, maintain that the threat of tensive series of tests the results such a strong position that he even peace, relies exclusively on d i­ the well-informed Max Frankel of nuclear war cannot be eliminated of which must now be digested. increased the pressure on Cuba plomatic agreements with Ken­ the New York Times (July 25), is so long as imperialism endures. Consequently, in the same cynical by freezing her dollar accounts nedy. This, in the final analysis, that it is “primarily symbolic, Peking is quite correct in argu­ fashion as the Pentagon, they can while Harriman was negotiating means accepting Kennedy’s peace­ that it provides only for the kind ing for this position. Its validity assume the virtuous air of “Ban in Moscow for a “relaxation of ful pretensions. It is true that of moratorium that the President has been thoroughly established the Test” advocates without giv­ tensions.” Khrushchev has of late made re­ had already proclaimed, that it in Marxist theory, and the experi­ ing up anything. Hence a mora­ As the victim and aggrieved ferences to the need for class can be undone if ever the need ence of the past half century has torium on tests that contaminate party, Peking is fully justified in struggle as the only ultimate way arises and that in the meantime, confirmed it to the hilt. the atmosphere, which is all that exposing the conspiracy against to w in enduring peace. Such re­ as an isolated accord, it may even Unfortunately the incautious, has actually been agreed upon, the interests of the Chinese people ferences, however, appear to be yield some benefits.” In brief, reckless, even absurd boasts about can be utilized for the Kremlin’s and in protesting in the most mainly a verbal adjustment to Washington may get something for being able to build a communist passing diplom atic needs. vigorous terms. The conspiracy Peking’s pressure. Nowhere is nothing. society on the radioactive ruins (3) On the chessboard of world between imperialist Washington there any evidence that these Kennedy was so fearful that the of capitalism are invaluable gifts diplomacy, Khrushchev views the and the bureaucratic caste in Mos­ propagandistic concessions have vague sentence banning nuclear to the propaganda machines of partial test ban treaty as a gambit cow to bar China’s road to pos­ been put into practice. test explosions might be misinter­ both Moscow and the imperialist worth making in hope of opening session of nuclear weapons is an Since Stalin usurped power in preted as a commitment not to West. They enable Khrushchev, up a broad possibility — an over­ extension of the State Depart­ 1924, the Kremlin has always use nuclear weapons in an event­ for instance, to play on the tho­ all understanding with American ment’s aim from the beginning to shown its readiness to suspend or ual war that in his nationwide roughly justified fears of humanity imperialism. isolate revolutionary China as a curb the class struggle against im ­ broadcast July 26 he underlined about the incalculable havoc a Any such understanding, what­ pariah among nations. perialism or its allies for the sake how little the treaty meant in this nuclear war would bring about. ever its final outcome, would China’s cause, however, w ill not of a diplomatic combination. The respect: “Nor does this treaty The line of collusion with im­ signify a relaxation of cold war lack sympathy among the op­ latest horrible example is Iraq mean an end to the threat of nu­ perialism at the expense of promo­ tensions. This would be of con­ pressed nations. These feel that where a most promising situation clear war. It w ill not reduce nu­ tion of the class struggle is much siderable value to Khrushchev as China will handle the nuclear was ruined because the Commu­ clear stockpiles; it w ill not halt more easily defended when the “proof” of the realistic nature of devices it w ill eventually construct nist party, in line with Moscow’s the production of nuclear weapons; Chinese position can be misinter­ his policy of rejecting the class more responsibly than has the preferences, followed a line of it will not restrict their use in preted as offering no realistic struggle and favoring “peaceful White House which launched the “peaceful coexistence” with the time of war.” alternative but a world of radio­ coexistence” with imperialism. A nuclear age by incinerating Hiro­ national bourgeoisie only to end A significant clause in the trea­ active ruins. detente would strengthen Khrush­ shima and Nagasaki. up as victims of a military coup ty states that “each of the par­ A further error of the Chinese chev’s political standing as a So­ * * * and a savage blood purge. ties . . . undertakes furthermore to is their rigid resistance up to now viet leader and open up the pos­ The partial test ban treaty The Chinese in their state­ refrain from causing, encouraging, to a ban on nuclear testing. sibility of a relative lowering of coupled with the bitter argument ments on the problem of peace or in any way participating in, Agreement to a ban on the testing the military budget and a conse­ between Moscow and Peking over correctly stress how wrong and the carrying out of any nuclear of nuclear weapons in the at­ quent granting of new concessions how to win enduring peace have even treacherous it is to curb the weapon test explosion, or any mosphere does not necessarily to the demands of the Soviet sharply posed for all of humanity (Continued on Page 6) Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, August 5, 1963 Castro Gives Views on Latin America the MILITANT Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN The Masses Will Bury Imperialism Managing Editor: GEORGE LAVAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY An interview granted by Cuban Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, tional liberation struggle of the by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 116 University PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone Prime Minister Fidel Castro to Latin American peoples, and cor­ CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; the Mexican journalist Victor Rico Castro Plans rectly point to the course of Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily Galan and published in the pop­ events.’ Does this mean that both, represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. ular Mexican magazine Siempre Algeria Visit and particularly the second, are last month indicates that regard­ The Cuban government an­ in full force?” Vol. 27 - No. 28 < ^ £ * > 345 M onday, A u g u s t 5, 1963 less of any diplom atic com m it­ nounced July 24 that Premier A. “ Not only does it mean that ments, Cuba continues to firmly Fidel Castro will visit Al­ they have full force, but that the advocate a revolutionary solution joint statement strengthens the geria this year in response for Latin America. revolutionary proposals contained to an invitation by Algerian Rail Labor vs. the Profit-Gougers The interview, granted shortly in the first and second declara­ Premier Ahmed Ben Bella, The current rail labor dispute has served to highlight the after Castro reported to the tions of Havana and raises the Cuban people over radio and TV according to a UPI dispatch prestige of both documents in the most burning problem confronting all sections of the American on his recent trip to the Soviet from Havana. Latin American revolutionary working class, organized and unorganized, white collar and blue, Union, was published by Siempre Meanwhile a July 24 AP movement. But just as much as young and old, white and colored. The problem can be summed early in July and the publication dispatch from Tokyo report­ this moral support of the Inter­ was reported in the July 9 issue ed that Cuba and the Peo­ national Communist Movement, it up in a single phrase — technological (structural) unemployment! of the Havana newspaper Revolu- ple’s Republic of China had is the facts that everybody can ci6n, along with the full text of see, that reaffirm the full force of The inexorable advance of automation and mechanization in signed a cultural cooperation the postwar period has thrown millions of workers onto the in­ the interview. Revolucidn gave the the principles contained in the story the lead with the headlines: agreement for 1963. Troupes, second declaration of Havana. The dustrial scrapheap. In addition, each year some three-m illion young “Socialist Aid to A ll Latin Amer­ students, exhibitions, publi­ Marxist-Leninist interpretation of workers enter a shrinking labor market, to swell the ranks of ican People in Revolution. No­ cations, films, phonograph the revolutionary development of records and reference ma­ the unemployed. Unemployment among the youth is much higher thing, but Nothing W ill Be Able Latin America contained in this to Stop the Crisis in Latin Amer­ terial w ill be exchanged. important statement of principles, than the national average and is highest among Negro and other ica From Resulting in a New So­ is being confirmed more and more minority workers. And the end is not yet! cial Revolution.” every day, by history. In a statement entitled: “Profile on Unemployment,” made According to Galan, Castro him­ entire socialist community and, “The profound revolutionary self “set the items covered.” among the countries of the social­ crisis taking place in Latin Amer­ before the House Education and Labor Committee on June 11, ist community, the unlimited soli­ ica can be seen by everybody, in­ In the first part of the inter­ darity of the economic and po­ Ewan Clague, U.S. Labor Department Commissioner of Labor view Castro warmly praised the cluding by our imperialist enemies litical power of the Soviet Union. who are trying to cure the social Statistics, put his finger on the crux of the problem. economic relations between the Cuba has been a shining example Soviet Union and Cuba, saying cancer suffered by Latin America “The rate of unemployment for adult men,” he pointed out, of this. that Cuba got fair prices for its with the ludicrous ointment of the Alliance for Progress. This crisis “has almost returned to what it was before the 1960 recession. sugar and that when the world “This can be doubted only by The rate for teenagers, on the other hand, is even higher than m arket price rose, the Soviet the fiercest reactionaries or by is insurmountable. Nothing or no those who, calling themselves rev­ one w ill be able to stop its change during the recession years of 1958 and 1961. Largely because of Union on its own initiative raised the price paid to Cuba for sugar olutionaries, lack faith in the into authentic social revolutions this, the overall rate (5.9 per cent in May 1963) has not returned by the roads that the concrete previously contracted. He said ability of our peoples to struggle to the pre-recession levels prevailing during the spring of 1960. such fairness had never character­ and free themselves from impe­ conditions of each country deter­ And this marks the third successive increase in so-called ‘pro­ ized U.S.-Cuban trade relations. rialist oppression by whatever mine. Its greater or smaller im­ sperity’ unemployment during the postwar period. That is to say,” roads the circumstances indicate pulse w ill depend on the audacity, he concluded, “since 1953 there have been three definite cycles Alliance a Failure to them — of this also, Cuba has correct vision and decision to of business activity and in each case the economy emerged from He declared that the economic been a shining example. struggle of the revolutionary forces. a recession with a higher rate of unemployment during the re- situation of Latin-American coun­ “In the Cuban-Soviet joint tries whose economies are under covery-expansion phases than during the pre-recession period.” statement, it is said: Laws of History U.S. or Western European control “ ‘The United Party of the So­ “The imperialists want to blame Employment on the railroads in the postwar period has been is going to get worse as a result of cialist Revolution and the Com­ us for this revolutionary climate. cut in half, from 1,400,000 to 700,000. In his July 22 special mes­ the creation of economic blocks in munist Party of the Soviet Union But at all events, history should sage to Congress on the railroad work-rules dispute, president Europe and trade restrictions in apply the policy of full support to be blamed and the laws that the U.S., and that the Alliance for the anti-imperialist national move­ Kennedy asserted that: “This problem is particularly but not ex­ make history; the struggle of the Progress is a complete failure. ment of liberation of the peoples clusively acute in the railroad industry. Forty percent fewer em­ exploited classes against the ex­ struggling for the total and defi­ ployes than were employed at the beginning of this decade now Castro also said his conversa­ ploiters; the ruthless exploitation nite elimination of colonialism and handle substantially the same volume of rail traffic.” tions with Soviet leaders involved by the oligarchy and the imperial­ neocolonialism in all its forms. “theoretical and practical” discus­ ists w hich creates the masses of The same phenomenon is true, w ith varying degrees, through­ Consequently, they hold the posi­ sions on the imbalance existing be­ hungry workers and peasants, who out the whole of American industry, agriculture and commerce. tions of proletarian international­ tween the industrialized and the in their just aspiration to a bet­ Fewer and fewer workers are producing an ever greater quantity ism. Thus they demonstrate fra­ underdeveloped countries and on ter life which is within their ternal solidarity with all countries of goods and services as labor productivity continues to soar. The the role of the various countries hands, w ill be in charge of bury­ and peoples who struggle against end result of “prosperity unemployment” is greater profits for the in the international division of ing the imperialist rule in Latin oppression and exploitation. They few with increasing misery for the many. labor. America. Cuba is not to blame for see it as their international duty The latter part of the interview, this. For years the rail workers have been the prime target in a to support everything new, ad­ which is of particular interest, “The duty of the parties and of vitriolic campaign against union “featherbedding.” This campaign vanced, progressive that occurs in included the following questions the revolutionary leaders is to is intended to sweep aside the last serious obstacle in the drive the world. Considering the export and answers: place themselves at the head of of Washington and W all Street to establish the hegemony of U.S. of revolution contrary to Marxism- Q. “Do you believe, Major, that these masses and lead them to Leninism, the communists at the capitalism over its rival competitors through further increasing if the revolution is carried out in victory, now that the new historic same time are resolutely against labor productivity at the expense of the American workers through another country of Latin Amer­ conditions favor more than ever any exporting of counter-revolu­ the untrammeled extension of the process of displacing men by ica, that country would — like before the struggle of the op­ Cuba — have the support of the tions and they will give every m achines. pressed.” kind of help to the peoples who socialist community?” Q. “Do you believe that there is In the course of their struggle to avoid becoming victims of A. “ O f that I have not the defend their freedom and inde­ “prosperity unemployment” the American workers are beginning danger of a third World War?” slightest doubt. The peoples who pendence.’ ” A. “The danger of war can never to learn that the capitalist government serves as an instrument Q. “Doctor Castro — the joint decide to free themselves from be discarded as long as imperial­ statement also says that ‘The de­ of the profit-gouging employers. Under pressure from the ranks the imperialist yoke anywhere in ism exists. But I consider that this clarations of Havana have great the conservative rail union leaders have opposed compulsory the world, w ill have the same as danger diminishes day to day, in historical significance for the na- arbitration by Kennedy’s stacked tri-partite boards and com­ we — the determined help of the the measure that the correlation m issions. of forces changes, and because the Interviewing “rank and file union members” in New York, Soviet Union follows a policy con­ sequential to peace. A nd the a reporter for the N ew York T im es, July 23, reports that “they . . .3 Young Socialists Re-Indicted military might with which it sup­ said the President was engaging in ‘politics,’ was ‘playing footsie ports this policy is so great, that with the bosses,’ and was ‘giving us a kick in the pants.’ ” (Continued from Page 1) his witch-hunting style to look more respectable. the imperialists know that if they “Of 29 workers who expressed an opinion,” he adds, “ 27 were use this “evidence.” “We think we should attack the socialist camp, have a novel way to successfully The July 18 indictments mark against the legislation that Mr. Kennedy suggested.” a harsh, new phase in the case. they would disappear from the prosecute a communist case, and face of the earth.” Kennedy’s labor policy has been a mixture of deception and our intent is to prove knowledge The Committee to Aid the Bloom­ threats. In pending labor disputes government intervention has and intent on the part of the de­ ington Students is redoubling its been quick and persistent — where the unions involved were in fendants that this is a part of the efforts to win support for the em­ a strong position. Where the employers appear to hold an ad­ total International Communist battled students. CABS is urging Help to Spread all persons concerned with aca­ vantage Kennedy’s “mediators” have played their role in low key. conspiracy to control the world.” demic freedom and civil liberties Revolutionary Cuba's He said he would try to prove When confronted with “recalcitrant” unions, as in the rail labor to lend their names in support of the March 25 and May 2 meetings Inspiring Message! dispute, the threat of congressional action has invariably been the defendants and to aid in pub­ part of the “communist plan of suspended over the heads of the union negotiators. licizing and financing the defense. world domination.” What a sad commentary on the political policy of the union Send your name, address and con­ Hoadley made a further com­ The Second heads. The Kennedy congress, elected with the aid and support tribution to CABS; Paulann ment which suggests why the stu­ of the labor officialdom, is brandished as a deadly threat to beat Groninger, Secretary; P.O. Box dents were re-indicted. The obvi­ 7797, Chicago, Illinois, 60680. Declaration of Havana down union resistance to capitulation to government proposals ous witch-hunt nature of the pro­ drawn in the interests of the employers. Yet the senile union secution had led many to believe “The times of that superstition 25 cents a copy bureaucrats continue to cling tenaciously to Kennedy’s coat tails the case w ould be dropped. “ I t ’s which attributed revolutions to the while he busies himself “playing footsie w ith the bosses.” like having a tiger by the tail,” ill will of a few agitators have (Ten or more copies, 20c Hoadley told the press, “you can’t If the rail union heads were serious about their opposition to long passed away. Everyone knows each; 100 or more, 15c let go no matter how much it nowadays that wherever there is each.) the Kennedy plan to have Congress scuttle their working rules hurts.” they would join in urging all their members and supporters to a revolutionary convulsion, there The “aspiring young prosecu­ must be some social want in the join the August 28 Freedom March on Washington — one day PIONEER PUBLISHERS tor” has staked his political career background, which is prevented, before the expiration of the 30 day rail truce on Aug. 29 — to let on this case and clearly intends to by outworn institutions, from satis­ 116 University Place Congress know that the welfare of their members takes preced­ push it all the way. In the new fying itself." — Friedrich Engels New York 3, N. Y. ence over the profits of the railroad tycoons. indictments he has tried to polish (1820-1895) Monday, August 5, 1963 THE MILITANT Page F iv e

The Attractive Power of Black Nationalism How Northern Negro Slum Dwellers View ‘Integration’ and ‘Separatism’

By Robert Vernon League) and others met at New in another century after the Civil star Jackie Robinson offers this The Negro struggle to break free York’s Carlyle Hotel, according War, these opulent and overgen­ insinuation: “ I t seems to be very from the bonds of the inferior­ to the July 1 National Observer, erous “friends” now propose to odd that the power structure in at a “secret breakfast” with white caste system in which Negroes are buy off the Negro struggle at journalism, television, and radio enmeshed a century following financiers. This breakfast, “ secret” LESS THAN A NICKEL PER keeps promoting the Muslims . . . “emancipation” takes on two to the Negro masses, was the NEGRO! Could it be that the Muslims are general forms. One of them, de­ “handiwork of Stephen Currier, a They are out of their minds. receiving important aid and spon­ scribed by the term “integration,” young obscure New York multi­ If they were to double the fig­ sorship from outside the race? involves efforts to gain rights, millionaire.” Others present were ure, or even multiply it by ten, Could it be that individuals or status, or acceptance in the social, less obscure: representatives of they would still be out of their groups, which believe in segrega­ economic, and political fabric of the Ford and Rockefeller Founda­ minds. Freedom from the “con­ tion find the Muslim version of the country, if possible without tions, Frederick Warburg of the straints” is not for sale. It can’t segregation-separation useful to otherwise disturbing the existing K uhn, Loeb and Co. investm ent be bought. It can’t be sold. It th e ir cause? Where do the M us­ society. The alternate form, the banking firm (30 Wall Street), can’t be given in charity. It has lims get their money? Who fi­ extreme of which is known as “ na­ and other well-heeled “friends” to be fought for and won in strug­ nances them?” tionalism,” aims at the building of of the Negro people. A cool sum gle, and struggle is one thing Ne­ Robinson does not ask w hy the an independent power base and o f $850,000 was pledged fo r the groes all over are ready and eager Black Muslims, for instance, were power machine controlled by Ne­ “central function of shoring up for. NOT invited to that “secret break­ groes, w ill not necessarily be con­ the Negro leadership.” “What Of course, this stingy handout fast” with part of the white power tained within the existing so­ could happen in the future” is the is not intended for the Negro peo­ structure, nor does he comment on ciety, and articulates an explicit question that “troubles Negro ple in the first place, but rather the motives o f this $850,000 w orth urge to break free from this so­ leaders . . . Mr. King himself is for the coffers of respectable and of “aid and sponsorship from out­ ciety altogether. apprehensive about the future conservative organizations which, side the race.” He simply casts course of the movement . . . Rev­ by being sufficiently well financed groundless suspicion on the Mus­ Integrative efforts predominate olutions have a habit of devour­ to remain at the leadership of the lims — whom he is incapable of in the South, where the struggle ing their own children.” Negro revolt, are to keep the ap­ understanding being out of touch focuses on the need to smash the plecart from being upset. as he is w ith the Negro masses in humiliating and oppressive Jim Now “Alliance” the ghettos. Crow barriers, legal and extra- C learly, this $850,000 “ alliance React W ith Hysteria legal, to jobs, the use of facilities, for progress” was launched by The White Power Structure (or Why do reactionary whites, lib­ eral whites, conservative Negro public conveyances, the voting the assembled philanthropists to ruling class, as socialists call it) booth, lunch counters, etc. These help the conservative Negro lead­ A PROTEST. Selma Sparks and the conservative layer of Ne­ leaders and even some sectors of the radical movement join in bait­ efforts aim at eradicating the ership keep the turbulent civil places wreath on doorstep of groes beholden to it react with ing and smearing the Muslims? inferior-status duplication of in­ rights movement North and South revulsion, fright, and hysteria to U.S. Mission to UN in memory Essentially because the national­ sulting “separate-but-equal” well within the “constraints” of of Negro soldiers who died for the Negro struggle to the degree the American Way, and to hold that it begins to or threatens to ism which the Muslims articulate schools, waiting rooms, toilets, a government that doesn’t pro­ water fountains, bus seats, and the line against “extremist” in­ break loose from the constraints. so effectively has a profoundly tect them. Demonstration was revolutionary and anti-capitalist the like. The stated goal of the tegrationists who threaten to Likewise, many white liberals integration-oriented struggles is to break out of the “constraints,” as organized by the Harlem Anti- start to re-evaluate their “friend­ content. This revolutionary con­ tent will give enormous impetus arrive at the state of affairs which well as against the black national­ Colonial Committee, one of the ship” for Negroes when the Ne­ to the struggle for Negro equality Negroes “enjoy” in the North. ists who have long since repudiat­ organizations expressing the gro revolt oversteps certain and, in the process, make a giant In the Northern cities, with ed white America in toto. new stage of consciousness and bounds, or carves out channels contribution toward the abolition their sprawling, overcrowded Considering the situation, the militancy of Negro rights fight­ outside the framework of the of capitalism and the building of sordid slums, integration of a few p a ltry sum o f $850,000 to buy o ff American Way. The hostility and ers. socialism in the U.S. For both more jobs and schools seems re­ the Negro people is ridiculously vituperation visited upon the reasons, the rise of Black nation­ latively meaningless to many slum stingy. After tens of millions of Black Muslims is an expression of tel slavery for two hundred years, dwellers. The very nature of the black people were kidnapped from this hysteria. alism should be welcomed by all society itself is in question. In Africa in chains, the survivors in the descendants of those slaves In the July 13 New York Am­ genuine socialists. M arch 1962, Fortune magazine the U.S. brutally worked in chat- humiliated, lynched, and exploited sterdam News, former baseball (First of a Series) shuddered: ".. . impatience is turning into bitterness. The danger is not violence but something much deeper and harder to com­ bat . . . Negroes of whatever class may come to regard their separa­ tion from American society as Communist Party Head Smears Black Muslims permanent, and so consider them­ selves permanently outside the B y Fred Halstead this revolutionary movement has ceited schemes to the primary re­ the radical wing of the movement. constraints and the allegiances of Anyone in this country or begun to tap in the black masses. quirements of the Negro masses... The W orker accuses the Mus­ American society. The Negro dis­ abroad who seriously believes that The measures in Kennedy’s civil Whatever the merits of their con­ lims of advocating a “mystique of tribution in the past, the role they trict of every large city would the Communist Party of the United rights bills represent a concession Black racial superiority” which come to constitute an American States is a revolutionary organiza­ but cannot even begin to satisfy play in the present situation only the paper says is as poisonous as those demands. brings grist to the mills of the Casbah.” tion should read the policy state­ white supremacy. This is also a ment on the Negro struggle in the Insofar as Kennedy has under­ segregationists. slander. The white racists advo­ Breakdown of Faith July 7 issue of The W orker — stood the movement and taken “Such a personality is Robert cate and carry out exploitation of This complete breakdown of voice of the Communist Party. measures to deal with it, he fears F. Williams, whose utterly irre­ Negroes by whites. They do this faith or even interest in the pro­ At the very moment when the it and his measures are designed sponsible attacks upon the per­ under both segregated and inte­ spects of “equality” in a diseased struggle is moving in a revolu­ to get the movement “out of the sonalities of Negro leaders and grated situations. The Muslims, and rotting capitalist society re­ tionary direction and threatens to streets” and under control of lead­ their allies in the thick of battles and other black separatists, ask to flects the fact that the “American upset the white power structure ers he hopes w ill be able to con­ here which appear in his broad­ be left alone, to have a separate Way of Life” has nothing worth­ carefully nurtured by president tain it before it begins to shatter casts from Cuba and in his news­ base of power, to be equal, not to while or wholesome to offer the Kennedy, The W orker strains to his administration, his party, and letters — The Crusader, m ust be exploit anyone. And, on the basis Negro masses. This rejection of dress up the Kennedy image; his power structure. roundly denounced.” of the record, if some of them white America is one of the major sides with the more conservative In this attempt, The W orker Not even the so-called liberals think Negroes are superior to factors in the rising tide of na­ civil rights leaders against the takes Kennedy’s side, and launches in the civil rights movement — whites, is that so incredible? tionalist and separatist sentiment more radical; and launches a cam­ a campaign of divisive slander including the leaders who W il­ If large numbers of Negroes in in the black “Casbahs” of the in­ paign of violent slander against against elements in the movement liams and the Muslims criticize — the United States have given up tegrated Northern cities, and one the Black Muslims, against Robert which have opposed the Kennedy would make such attacks on the hope in any real help from the of the major driving forces be­ Williams, the exiled advocate of administration from the left. radical wing of the Negro strug­ white working class, it isn’t be­ hind the expansion of the Black Afro-American self-defense and On the Black Muslims, Jack­ gle today, nor would they be so cause of Muslim propaganda, but against The Liberator, a magazine Muslims, a separatist mass move­ son’s July 7 article says: “The unstinting in their praise of Ken­ for two other basic reasons: One, sympathetic to black nationalist ment which is “outside the con­ Muslim organization in general nedy. The Communist Party now the record of the labor movement moods. straints” of white American so­ and Malcolm X in particular, are finds itself to the right of the under the “labor statesmen” who ciety if anything is. This is what the article — w rit­ ultra-reactionary forces operating liberals, mouthing Attorney Gen­ have sold out a revolutionary birth ten by James Jackson, editor of On June 19, 1963, Negro inte­ in the orbit of the Negro people’s eral Robert Kennedy’s slanders of right for a bowl of job-trust por­ The W orker and a leading spokes­ grationist leaders Rev. Martin movement with the strategic as­ ridge. And two, the long record Luther King, Roy Wilkins man for the Communist Party — signment to sow ideological con­ of betrayal of the Communist Par­ says about Kennedy’s role: (NAACP), James Farmer fusion, to dissipate the organiza­ ty which once had a large follow­ (CORE), Whitney Young (Urban Kennedy “Committed’’? tion energies of the Negro masses, ing of Negroes but which sub­ “The President has committed to promote divisionism within the ordinated the Negro struggle to himself and his administration to Negro movement, and to alienate its foreign policy considerations. securing new legislation and in­ the Negro movement from frater­ A glaring example of this was voking administrative measures to nal ties with and support of com­ during World War II when the Price Cut to 50c bring about the equality of status parably deprived or democratical­ CP said the Negro struggle had and opportunity which American ly inclined w hite masses.” to be subordinated to the war ef­ Negroes on the March Negroes demand. ‘No president The W orker fu rth e r says: “ The fort on the terms of the white has ever done this before’ noted Muslims represent the single most power structure — Jim Crow by Daniel Guerin Walter Lippmann, the columnist. reactionary and counter-revolu­ army and all. “This new commitment marks tionary force among the organiza­ The Communist Party is once One of the best books ever writ­ a reversal of form on the part of tions in Negro life today.” Jack­ again displaying that its concern ten on the nature, problems and the President and reveals that he son d ire ctly accuses Malcom X is not for the Negro, but for its prospects of the Negro struggle has properly judged the ‘temper of being “an agent of their [the own illusory hope of achieving an for equality. of the rebellion that has been set Negroes] enemies and consequent­ alliance with the “liberal” white aflame’ by the mass rising of a ly an opponent of their progress.” power structure, and particularly 192 pages, paper cover people who have unanimously re­ On Williams, the leader of the with the Democratic Party. (hard cover $1.50) solved to have their rights NOW.” NAACP branch in Monroe, N.C. In the first place it is ridiculous who was framed up by racist po­ Pioneer Publishers to expect a rich white man raised lice and forced into exile in Cuba, “The only worthwhile achieve­ 116 University Place in the United States — and an The W orker says: “ There are cer­ ments of man are those which are arrogant imperialist at that — to tain other personalities who, in socially useful.” — Alfred Adler New Y o rk 3, N. Y. “properly judge” the deep well of their egotism and ignorance, per­ (1870-1937), Father of individual resentment and pent up demands sist in counterposing their con- M alcolm X psychology. Page S ix THE MILITANT Monday, August 5, 1963

Key Points at Socialist Workers Convention: iniiiiiimiimmiiiiiimimmmiiimiiiiiiiuimiiiiiimiiHiiiimiiiiMiimiiiHiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiHmimimimiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiHiiiiimimiiiiiHiiiiiiii: Civil Rights, Socialist Unity Reunification of 4th Int’l

By Alex Harte Two minority groupings at the Hailed by SWP Gathering SWP convention opposed the re­ NEW YORK — The recent re­ unification. One grouping was led [The following is the text of the world Trotskyist movement. unification of the Fourth Interna­ by Tim Wohlforth and A. Phillips; the resolution adopted by the So­ This expression of blind factional­ tional and the great upsurge of the other by James Robertson and cialist Workers Party on the re­ ism can only lead to the develop­ the Negro people in this country Shane Mage. unification of the Fourth Interna­ ment of further political differ­ occupied the major attention of They charged that the forces tional.] ences alien to Trotskyism . We the four-day Twentieth National favoring reunification, including hope that the comrades who ad­ Convention of the Socialist Work­ The Twentieth Convention of the the leadership of the SWP, were here to these two tendencies w ill ers Party held here early in July. Socialist Workers Party greets in the process of abandoning study the documents adopted by Delegates, members and visitors with deep satisfaction the reunifi­ Marxism. The majority rejected the Reunification Congress and numbered some three hundred. cation of the major forces of the this view. Only three delegates judge them on their merits. The predominance of young peo­ Fourth International which was upheld the minority position. ple reflected the attraction of the achieved at the Reunification Con­ Many radicals and independent The discussion on the Negro SWP for the new generation of gress held in Italy in June. We socialists throughout the world question centered on the evalua­ have long shown friendly interest revolutionaries. approve the intensive efforts made tion of nationalist currents in the in the Fourth International and The number of Negro delegates by the great majority of both Negro movement. The report by its development. Some who have was the largest since shortly after Rose Karsner, pioneer American sides during the preceding year George Breitman and the resolu­ been attracted by its ideological World War II. They played a lead­ Communist and one of the foun­ and a half to heal the old wounds, tion observed that the new stage ing role in discussing the Negro ders of the Socialist Workers and to reduce still further the re­ achievements have deferred join­ was marked by the organization struggle. Among the visitors ob­ Party, addressed the closing ses­ maining differences, all of which ing its ranks because of uncer­ of the masses of the Negro people serving the convention were in­ sion of the SWP convention. She are of subordinate importance to tainty over the reasons for the under independent all-Black lead­ terested Negroes from several commented: the overriding fact of principled split and the existence of two rival ership. This was considered to be centers. We have every reason to cities. “In the more than 50 years that reunification of the forces of a highly progressive development. expect that the unification of the The crowded convention agenda I ’ve been active in the socialist Trotskyism on a w o rld scale. This A minority view on this ques­ movement w ill now remove the included reports and resolutions on movement I’ve attended many work, which was made possible tion presented by Richard Kirk basis for such doubts and hesita­ the world Trotskyist movement, conventions . . . I ’m not going to by the fact that the great major­ held that the present struggle, say this is the best convention I ’ve ity of the world Trotskyist move­ tion and w ill speed their adher­ the new stage in the Negro North and South, is decisively in­ ever attended but I w ill say it’s ment have actually held common ence and active participation in struggle, the Sino-Soviet dispute tegrationist in character and that the most fruitful, educational and political views on all major ques­ the construction of the revolu­ and the nature of the workers state many of the currents termed “na­ inspiring. tions for some time, is evidence of tionary socialist party. in China, and the domestic po­ tionalist” tend to divert the strug­ “For this we owe a big debt to the solidarity and goodwill that We also address other socialist- litical situation. gle from the revolutionary road. the Negro comrades here and to now prevails among the ranks of minded organizations, especially A resolution was adopted greet­ Six delegates voted for this view­ ing with deep satisfaction and fra­ the youth. I ’ve been in this party the tw o sides. new ones th a t have developed point. ternal approval the reunification from the beginning and used to The Convention of the Socialist under the inspiration of the of the Fourth International, which The lengthy discussion of the think I knew everyone in it. What Workers Party is especially ap­ Cuban Revolution and comparable took place in June at a congress Negro struggle was highlighted a wonderful feeling it was at this preciative of the fact that the colonial revolutions elsewhere or in Italy. (See text, this page.) The by contributions by the Negro convention to listen to delegates basic document, which received struggles like the one for Negro Socialist Workers Party, prevent­ delegates, who clearly expressed and have to ask, ‘Who is that?’ unanimous approval both at the equality in the United States. We ed by the reactionary Voorhis law the radical significance of the new It ’s the best sign that we’re grow­ conference of the majority of the look forward to an exchange of from affiliating with any inter­ nationalist stage of the movement. ing.” sectors adhering to the Interna­ views, fraternal discussion and national organization, nevertheless It was agreed that suggestions on tional Committee and at the World exploration of the possibilities of maintains close fraternal interest the way socialists should support Congress called by the Interna­ m utual assistance. Mao regime by one democratical­ in the life of the Fourth Interna­ the struggle and observations on tional Executive Committee, was ly controlled by the Chinese Voorhis Act tional. Fraternal greetings from its developing course would be in­ the statement issued by the Polit­ masses, Trotskyists should give the United Secretariat of the corporated into the final resolu­ ical Committee of the Socialist The Convention of the Socialist critical political support to his Fourth International were read to tion. With this understanding the Workers Party, “For Early Reuni­ Workers Party reaffirms the fol­ majority resolution was adopted. regime. The majority viewpoint the convention. fication of the World Trotskyist lowing resolution passed at a was adopted with seven delegates The report on the world Trot­ The report by W illiam F. Warde Movement.” The unanimous adop­ special convention on Dec. 21, voting for the minority resolution. skyist movement, presented by and the resolution on the Chinese tion of this document, which re­ 1940: The report and resolution on the Joseph Hansen, described reunifi­ question and on the Sino-Soviet affirms the programmatic founda­ domestic political situation looked “Whereas, federal legislation cation as a m ajor achievement dispute underlined the enormous tions of world Trotskyism, is forward to the 1964 elections as (the Voorhis Act, etc.) has been and a most encouraging victory accomplishments of the Chinese proof of the thoroughly principled revolution and held that, as an excellent opportunity for adopted by Congress which im­ for revolutionary socialism, com­ character of the unification and poses burdensome requirem ents on against Moscow, Peking’s present broadcasting the socialist message ing at a time when the prospects a most favorable augury for its political organizations affiliated to stand on international issues was to the American people. for growth of the enlarged Trot­ durability. international bodies, including the generally more progressive and skyist forces are the best in years. The convention brought to a formal periodic registration of should be supported on that basis Turning Point James P. Cannon, the party’s close a long, thorough, inner-party lists of individual members; and by revolutionists everywhere. national chairman, gave the con­ discussion of the disputed issues. The Convention of the Socialist “Whereas, such regulations The discussion was marked by vention a vivid participant’s ac­ At the same time the resolution Workers Party is of the opinion could be of service only to the count of the long years of persis­ explained that the lack of work­ strict observance of the party’s that the ending of the ten-year- enemies of the workers, the Fourth firmly established democratic tent work that have gone into the ers’ democracy within China and old split in the Fourth Interna­ (Special) National Convention of procedures, with all minority posi­ building of an effective interna­ the Chinese attacks on de-Stal­ tional constitutes a qualitative the Socialist Workers Party here­ tional movement. inization in the Soviet bloc were tions given full opportunity of ex­ turning point in the development by resolves; The report by Hansen noted harmful to the interests of the pression. There were regular dis­ of the world Trotskyist move­ “ (1) To formally discontinue its that two tendencies in the world Chinese workers and peasants and cussions and debates in party ment. Its effects w ill very quickly affiliation to the Fourth Interna­ Trotskyist movement oppose re­ also hampered the efforts to win branches. Discussion bulletins, be registered in terms of increased tional as of this date. unification, despite its obvious support for Peking’s more militant open to any and all viewpoints prestige and growth as the organ­ “ (2) To continue its struggle held by party members, were advantages. These are the Posadas international policies. ization, strengthened and heart­ for socialism as a completely tendency in Latin American and A minority led by Arne Swa­ published in a record number. ened by the unification, moves autonomous party. The gathering clearly registered the Healy tendency in Great Bri­ beck argued that the Chinese more intensively into the great “ (3) While complying with the the belief of the great majority tain. Both tendencies were frater­ Communist Party, under Mao Tse- openings for revolutionary social­ provisions of the aforesaid legis­ that all conflicting views had been nally urged to reconsider and tung, had broken with Stalinism ism provided through the rise in lation, we affirm our opposition fully aired in a democratic manner bring their forces into the Inter­ well before coming to power, that the colonial revolution, the proc­ to this and any similar measures and that the convention decisions national, where differences are there were no serious bureaucratic esses of de-Stalinization in the designed to disrupt the interna­ cleared the way for the member­ permitted in the tradition of deformations in the Chinese state, Soviet bloc, the shattering of the tional solidarity of the workers. ship as a whole to concentrate on democratic centralism, but the in­ and that instead of looking toward monolith of Stalinism on a world We assure our co-thinkers in heightened party-building activity. vitation was rejected. the ultimate replacement of the scale, and the beginnings of re­ other lands that nothing in this newed m ilitancy among the masses decision of compliance with arbi­ in key imperialist countries. trary discriminatory legislation The Reunification Congress alters in any way our ardent sym­ .. .Two Key Moscow Conferences succeeded in closing the major pathy with their own struggles breach that existed among the for socialism.” (Continued from Page 3) completely parallels Khrushchev’s political victory of a socialist- Trotskyists on a world scale. How­ While the Socialist Workers minded working class over the ever, a relatively small minority Party thus cannot adhere as an af­ class struggle against imperialism policy in India. rulers in the capitalist strongholds. sought to maintain the split. An filiated section to the united for the sake of passing diplomatic Yet a socialist victory in In­ The American workers face a ultra-left tendency in Latin Amer­ Fourth International, we express gains. They are right in arguing donesia could alter the entire re­ great historic responsibility. ica headed by J. Posadas has de­ our ideological solidarity with its that effective promotion of the lation of forces in southeast Asia Every partial step toward the veloped political positions and or­ socialist aims. In our opinion the struggle against nuclear war re­ to the advantage of all the work­ disarmament of capitalism is in ganizational methods so deviant Fourth International founded by quires the mobilization of the ers states, especially China, and the interests of the w orking class, from the rest of the movement Leon Trotsky w ill prove to be the working people in all their mas­ even start a chain reaction that including even such a narrow, that they refused even to respond decisive link in mankind’s strug­ sive strength in a life-and-death would sweep through India. limited measure as the partial test to an invitation to send observers gle for the world of socialism struggle against the capitalist sys­ The continued development of ban treaty. But it would be ca­ to the Reunification Congress and that is the only final guarantee tem itself. the colonial revolution is of im­ tastrophic to entertain any illu­ the preceding gatherings. Another against our planet becoming a mense importance in the struggle To w in enduring peace, the sions about the extent or effective­ ultra-left grouping, centered in radioactive graveyard. power to make war obviously fo r a w o rld of enduring peace, ness of such steps in slowing down Great Britain and headed by must be tom from the hands of since it frees more and more ter­ or halting the arms race. The dis­ Gerry Healy, at first accepted an ritory, natural resources, wealth those who stand to gain econom­ arming of imperialism can be ac­ invitation to send observers then and labor power from capitalist ically from war or its preparation, complished only by removing the decided at the last moment, with­ Castro Speaks or who are impelled toward war exploitation, thereby progressive­ capitalist class from the seats of out any explanation, to boycott ly weakening imperialism in rela­ On Unemployment out of economic necessity. power. the gatherings. tion to the workers states. The Chinese are wrong, how­ The victory of socialism is no It is with regret that the Con­ The text of the speech in which he The colonial revolution alone, ever, to lim it this struggle to the longer merely a means to a better vention of the Socialist Workers contrasts Cuba's success in coping however, cannot prove decisive in colonial areas of the world and and more abundant way of life. It Party takes note of the hostile at­ with unemployment with the inability depriving imperialism of its nu­ represents the only realistic per­ titudes toward unification of the still more wrong in not putting of the U.S. to resolve the problem. into practice what they preach clear war-making capacity. Only spective for saving humanity from world Trotskyist movement which even there. In Indonesia, for in­ the social forces located in the nuclear annihilation. The eco­ have been displayed by Posadas 24 pages 25 cents stance, where one of the largest main capitalist centers, above all nomic and social crisis facing man­ and Healy. To seek to artificially Communist parties in the world the United States, can do that. kind has become reduced to the maintain and, if possible, deepen Young Socialist Forum exists, they endorse its policy of This means that the threat of alternative: either a world of so­ the division, without political Box 471, Cooper Station supporting Sukarno and the na­ nuclear war can finally be dis­ cialism or a world of radioactive justification for such a course, New York 3, N.Y. tionalist bourgeoisie in a way that pelled or removed only by the ashes. runs counter to the interests of Monday, August 5, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Seven

Ariz. Teachers Need Aid frain from associations out of Mesabi Range Miners Harbors is a good place for a Workers Union. This is clearly a w hich even unconscious corrup­ paper mill it would not have to struggle on the part of the ILGWU Tuscon, Ariz. tion may com fort those who seek Minneapolis, Minn. look for another capitalist to staff workers for their legal and In the state of Goldwater, the world domination.” (My em­ Iron ore from the Mesabi Range bring to it but would be able to civil rights and is clearly a strug­ fright peddlers have created an phasis). has been a source of tremendous build its own. For a change the gle to bring democracy into atmosphere of hysteria. In March wealth to a comparatively few the profits would stay within Dubinsky’s union. 1961 the Arizona State Legislature We are preparing our appeal to men. This wealth was accrued the town. My proposal is, there­ passed a “ Communist Control A ct” the United States Supreme Court. Dave Sanders in his “Labor from the labor of thousands of fore, a cooperative paper mill. which contained a disclaimer This means that the teachers di­ Finds Its Place” (Contemporary miners who lived and sometimes loyalty oath. Any state employee rectly involved can expect to This would also be my solution Issues, June-July, 1963) correctly died in the pits on the Range in not signing is penalized, not by work another two years without for the remainder of the Range. comments that Dubinsky’s cam­ pay. A local committee has been Minnesota. Steel companies owned You have the iron ore, taconite paign against the Federation of loss of job, but by loss of pay! the iron from its source to the Four teachers, realizing the injury raising funds for legal expenses and pulpwood — so start develop­ Union Representatives has been finished product. U.S. Steel, espe­ this type of legislation does to our and support for those working ing them and not wait for some disgraceful. Sanders writes, “It is cially, owned the pits, the rail­ democratic ideals, did not sign without salary. People wishing to master to come again and control not for economic but for organi­ roads to transport the ore, the ore the oath and proceeded to the give a donation or conditional you. zational reasons that such leader­ boats, the blast furnaces and the courts for relief. loan may send their contributions Everett Luoma ships as that of the ILGWU and to Richard Gorby — Treasurer, finished products. the Textile Workers have fought Two years later, on May 1, 1963, 2648 N orth F a ir Oaks, Tuscon, The lifetimes of many hundreds unionization of their staffs. Du­ the state supreme court, “con­ Arizona. of thousands of men have been Super-Duper Race binsky, whose campaign of firings scious of the principle that courts Gerald Dulgov spent in service to U.S. Steel. F if­ and intimidation against the Fed­ are not concerned with the wis­ Dallas, Texas ty years ago men worked in un­ eration of Union Representatives dom of legislation,” ruled the oath I hope the Afro and Asian na­ safe conditions for as low as 25 has been so disgraceful as to constitutional. The majority de­ tions keep the gods they have Request from New Zealand cents an hour, lived in and paid bring a finding of unfair labor clared, “The state’s interest and read the history of the Chris­ Christchurch, New Zealand rent for homes owned by the practices by the NLRB, has had demands that public employees re- tian religion and reject it. Chris­ company, walked on company the chutzpah [nerve] to advance, I receive your paper through tianity meddles in politics and streets, attended company church­ as an argument against staff or­ the Australian section of the profits. On the TV “noose” here es, and shopped in company stores. ganization, that the Garment Fourth International and am most they reported that the Baptist Workers Union is not a business appreciative of it. I can assure The labor of the Range paid Church owns the building where you that there is a small but for exploration for iron ore in the local Veteran’s Administration — ‘but a mission’ — headed by a $28,000-a-year missionary.” staunch group of supporters here Canada and South America. In is. Churches should be made to in New Zealand and we follow South America, dictatorships pay taxes on their property. The labor movement is con­ helped U.S. Steel to mine ore at tinuously yapping about organiz­ your progress with interest and Young people from various “The workers struggle con­ enthusiasm. lower wages than the wages the ing the unorganized (a part of countries arrive in Dallas to live tinues, repressions continue, the miners on the Range were willing which involves organizing other I read in the May 19 Saturday with Dallas families one year and Stalinist apparatus is in deep to work for. non-profit “missionary” workers Evening Post that you have been learn about Our Way of Life. They crisis marked by a growing purge, such as teachers, doctors, nurses, “luring more of the youth of the So U.S. Steel has le ft the live with upper-class families, not and more evidence of the scope country into the Marxist-Leninist Range and told the workers it social service workers, etc.). But and revolutionary character of the in the slums. That way they get to fold” than has been the “holders won’t come back unless tax con­ know we’re the super, super- just how the labor movement in­ June 17 movement comes to light. tends to organize these workers of the true faith,” the Communist cessions are given by the state so duper race. This is the essence of the news and face the spectacle of a Party. that profits on the Range w ill be Thelma Lucio trickling out of East Germany. reputed union (ILGWU) develop­ Are you indeed?! If so, con­ comparable to those from Vene­ “Despite severe repressions and ing the legal and philosophical gratulations! zuela. So after 50 years of service 300,000 K re m lin troops, the w o rk ­ the miners are left with their re­ Dubinsky vs. FOUR arguments necessary to defeat ers refuse to be cowed . . . I wonder if you or some of your ward — poverty and deprivation. FOUR in a court battle is more “ A sitdown strike of 14,000 readers could assist me in the Are the workers happy their Philadelphia, Pa. than one can fathom. To date, workers in a synthetic rubber collection of traditional songs of master has left them? No, they’re I t seems strange to me th a t a Dubinsky has filed a petition in plant at Mersburg has been under­ the labor movement? I am at­ very unhappy. In fact the town paper like yours which has w rit­ the Court of Appeals asking for way since July 15. The demand of tempting to build a library of the of Two Harbors is collecting ten so often on c iv il rights cases, a review of the NLBR Order to the strikers is the release of those words (either in the original lan­ $100,000 fro m poverty-stricken and the democratic struggles w ith­ bargain collectively with FOUR, workers arrested after the June guage or in English translations) miners to get another master in in the labor movement, has given and a cross petition has been 17 uprising. and music of w o rkin g class songs the form of a paper m ill to come no space to the important strug­ filed by the board for enforcement “A slowdown strike of the Zeiss from all countries in order to and own the town. gle now taking place within the of its Order. optical workers has been in force disseminate and popularize them One would think that if Two International Ladies Garment Chuck Lang since July 14 . . . here in New Zealand. “ ‘We want action, not words’ ” America is particularly rich in is the reply of the workers to the such songs. The “ Wobblies,” promises of concessions by the among others, have left a valuable bureaucrats . . .. heritage to the world in this “Walter Ulbricht, secretary of media. It is rumored (even as It Was Reported in the Press the Socialist Unity (Stalinist) fa r away from the U.S. as New And Rightly So — “Labor’s it has been receiving a significant the rap for three Democratic Con­ Party . . . rejected the demand Zealand!) that some such songs for ‘unprepared’ new union elec­ exist on gramaphone records. If politicians worry about 1964 re­ number of letters from summer- gressmen from Chicago who had jobless teen-agers. Among their “borrowed” the taxpayers’ limou­ tions. As for the demand for union they do, could you provide me percussions of the railroad dispute. They fear Kennedy’s expected beefs, the paper reported, is the sine. independence from the govern­ with a list of what is available, compulsory arbitration proposal idea that college is a must. “ If it’s ment, Ulbricht characterized this that I may purchase these. Any The American Way — Bird lov­ to Congress w ill nettle union rank- a must,” wrote one, “why is it a as being in the interests of mono­ assistance you can render me w ill ers can now purchase split-level and-filers; it may be hard to whip luxury? Is this democracy? I’m poly capitalism .” — Ju ly 27, 1953. be most gratefully received. cages fo r th e ir canaries and para­ fast becoming a socialist. If you up enthusiasm for his re-election.” keets. Paul E. Piesse — The July 19 Wall Street Jour­ have to have college to earn a To Each His Own — The J u ly [If readers who can help on nal. living then it’s the government’s 24 Wall Street Journal offers this this will send their material to Sounds Right to Us — The fol­ duty to see that college is avail­ able to all and not just to the sad observation: “Paradox: While “Five killed, more than 500 in­ The Militant, 116 University Place, lowing is from the July 19 Cham­ elite and the egghead few.” many Congressmen advocate frill- jured, more than 500 arrested, New York 3, N.Y., we w ill be hap­ ber of Commerce bulletin, Wash­ less fru g a lity in government, property damages exceeding py to forward it. E d it o r .] ington Report: “Think Americans Congressmen at Work — Several there is little demand that Con­ understand capitalism? Indiana­ $5,000,000 — these were the im ­ months ago newspapers featured gress abide by the same standards. mediate results of the outburst in Killers' Creed polis youngsters found out that a story about House of Repre­ House budget cutters recently ex­ Harlem last Sunday and Monday. many do not. High school seniors sentatives clerk Ralph Roberts coriated officials of the U.S. Vancouver, B.C., Canada “It began Sunday night when a recently conducted a random sur­ using his government-owned Travel Service for shelling out I thought you might find the white policeman shot and vey among adults on the question, limousine to get to a Maryland $1,800 fo r a rug fo r the agency’s following item of interest. It’s wounded a young Negro soldier ‘What is capitalism?’ Out of 100 race track. Roberts replied by Tokyo office, but raised not a peep from an article, “I Murdered for who had objected to his maltreat­ persons queried, only six gave noting that J. Edgar Hoover goes at outlays of $37,350 fo r snazzy Money,” by Vincent Lucich, a good answers and another six ment of a Negro woman he was there all the time. Now it turns new drapes for some 50 Capitol arresting. The rumor spread that prohibition-day professional killer, showed a glimmering of under­ out, according to the Wall Street windows — a cost of roughly $700 in the February 1963 C lim ax the soldier had been killed and re­ standing of the subject. Some of Journal, that Roberts had taken per window.” sentment rose high. Groups began magazine. He wrote: the answers: Four teachers: ‘I roaming the streets, fighting with “To me any shooting contract don’t know.’ Store owner: ‘Cap­ police, breaking store windows, was morally a clear-cut business italism is only for big business.’ carrying off merchandise. With proposition. If an employer was Businessman: ‘Capitalism is mon­ the exception of 40 police injured w illin g to pay $10,000 to $15,000 ey, that is, only the wealthiest all of the casualties were Negroes. for a hit, he must have a real, people run the business.’ Average “What set these thousands of solid grievance. So the gunman worker: ‘Capitalism is big busi­ people into motion in this way? simply adopts his employer’s hate. ness and big money.’ ” The shooting of the soldier was Then it becomes easy to pull a only a chance incident; it could trigger. Boom on Boom Boxes Fades — have been precipitated by some “I claim this attitude is exactly Manufacturers of steel fallout other accidental event. The real the same as that of the millions of shelters are now peddling surplus cause must be sought in the social, gunmen in uniform, sent out to stocks for use as swimming pool economic and political conditions protect Uncle Sam’s business. cabanas, parking lot offices, etc. of the Negro people . . . There’s nothing psycho about it.” Getting Educated — The July “Rents are uncontrolled. Prices K.G. 13 Louisville Times reported that are higher, the quality of food is generally lower, and food is scarcer than in other parts of the Thought for the Week city. Negroes have the worst-pay­ ing jobs, despite the manpower "News that the U.S. Civil Service Commission has fired some shortage. The Negro people suf­ dozen members of the Black Muslims, whose allegiance is allegedly to fered the lowest standard of liv­ Islam , poses a question. When w ill sim ila r action be taken against ing in the city before the war; federal employes who are members of the White Citizens Councils and today they are even worse off.” — the Klan, who make no secret of their all-out allegiance to the Con­ Aug. 7, 1943. federacy and segregation?” — The July 23 Baltimore Afro-American. Page E ight Th e MILITANT Monday, August 5, 1963 THE CIVIL-RIGHTS BATTLEFRONT Report on Terms of Cambridge Settlement

CAMBRIDGE, Md. — Leaders here on delinquency charges after turned out a crowd of over a of the Cambridge Nonviolent Ac­ several civil rights demonstra­ thousand Negroes in front of po­ tion Committee made public July tions, w ould be released soon. lice headquarters July 13 protest­ 23 a five point agreement which In Atlanta, SNCC hailed the ing the shooting by officer The­ ended two years of anti-segrega­ agreement as a “milestone in the odore Spicher, a white policeman, tion protests here. civil rights struggle.” of Cynthia Scott, a Negro. Miss The agreement was signed by Just a week before the agree­ Scott was shot once in the back CNAC head Gloria Richardson, ment was announced, President and once in the stomach when Reginald Robinson and John John F. Kennedy had declared in she walked away from police who Lewis of the Student Nonviolent a news conference that “They [in accused her of being a prostitute. Coordinating Committee, Stanley Cambridge] have almost lost sight Her death was ruled “justifiable Branch and Phillip Savage of the of what the demonstrations are homicide” by the Wayne county NAACP and several city and state about.” prosecutor. officials. It was witnessed by At­ Mrs. Richardson then sent a The second demonstration was torney General Robert F. Ken­ telegram to Kennedy expressing in protest over the killing of Ken­ nedy. “deep shock and concern” at the neth Evans, an 18-year-old white Included in the agreement were statement. “The demands of the youth shot in the back by police provisions for integration of Dor­ Negro citizens of Cambridge,” the who said he had been driving a chester County schools, appoint­ telegram said, “ have been and w ill stolen car. The demonstration be­ ment of a bi-racial committee by remain desegregation of public gan after the youth’s funeral and city officials and CNAC leaders, and private facilities, merit em­ was organized by Kirby Brown, a employment of a Negro inter­ ployment for Negroes, and the re­ 32-year-old Negro who had him­ viewer in the Cambridge office of lease of two juveniles from a self been shot and wounded by a the State Department of Employ­ juvenile home . . . The only solu­ policeman last May, and by Evans’ Photo by Jack Arnold ment, adoption of a city charter tion to the racial crisis in Cam­ two brothers, Ronald, 20, and DEMAND FREEDOM FOR HUGO BLANCO: Demonstrators out­ amendment integrating all places bridge is the achievement of equal James, 17. Some 60 persons, mostly side Peruvian Consulate at New York’s Rockefeller Center July of public accommodation, and rights fo r the 4,000 Negroes of youth from the neighborhood — 27. Picket line was called by Young Socialist Alliance and sup­ building of low-rent public hous­ the community.” which is a mixed one — began ing “which will materially ben­ ported by independent socialists, Puerto Rican independence picketing the Vernor police sta­ efit the Negro community.” tion in the afternoon. In the eve­ fighters and others. They demanded that Peruvian peasant union Albany Synagogue Bias ning the crowd swelled to 300, leader Blanco be released from prison, given medical attention CNAC leaders agreed to halt “protests” and “demonstrations” ALBANY, Ga. — An inter­ about 25 per cent Negroes. and allowed to see defense counsel, family and friends. Picket for an indefinite period. All par­ racial group was turned away Demonstrators carried signs line closed with march to Times Square which received TV ties signing the agreement indi­ from Friday evening services at reading: “Please shoot me in the coverage. cated a “moral obligation to sup­ Temple B’nai Israel here July 19. back,” “Who do you think you port the spirit and intention” of The group consisted of Miriam are, God?” and “Killer Cops Must Dictator Diem Fears Saigon Revolt the statement. Cohen, 21, Robert Cover, 20, and Go.” Persons standing across the The agreement followed nearly Henry Lee Mathis, 19. They were street from the demonstrators be­ two years of anti-segregation dem­ met at the door by an usher who gan throwing bricks and bottles onstrations here, since CNAC was told them: “We don’t want any at police and the special police Recalls Troops from Front founded. Reginald Robinson, the demonstrations.” Miss Cohen, commando squad attacked the SNCC field secretary who first from Indianapolis, Ind., and Mr. demonstration with clubs, dispers­ By Steve Graham came to Cambridge in January of Cover, from Brookline, Mass., are ing the crowd. Sporadic street 1962 and who returned when full- white and members of the Jewish fighting continued for about two The protest movement of South violent Action, War Resisters scale demonstrations resumed in faith. Both are summer field hours more, with small groups Vietnamese Buddhists against the League and the Catholic Worker May, 1963, said he was “tired but workers for the Student Non­ forming to heckle the white- U.S.-backed tyrant, Ngo Dinh held a two-hour picket line in happy.” (CNAC is an affiliate of violent Coordinating Committee. helmeted commandos and to Diem, is beginning to have an im­ front of the residence of Vietnam’s Atlanta-based SNCC.) throw stones at patrol cars. portant impact on Diem’s and Permanent Observer to the United Mrs. Richardson said she was Six persons, including two young Kennedy’s war against peasant More Virginia Jailings Nations. pleased by the agreement since girls, were arrested, and several guerrillas. Diem’s troops recently Lisa Howard, a correspondent “this is the first time we got any­ DANVILLE, Va. — The Rev. L. others were treated for injuries. abandoned an airbase in the heart for ABC television, interviewed thing on paper.” She declared W. Chase, President of the Dan­ The next day Mayor Cavanagh of guerrilla-dominated territory. the picketers and filmed their line further: “It’s been a long haul. ville Christian Progressive Asso­ attacked the demonstration, say­ It was reported that the troops as they chanted “Tyranny No — The agreement is no victory. It’s ciation, was arrested about 4 a.m. ing that “this mob fury . . . w ill were withdrawn to help guard Diem Must Go” to the consterna­ only a firs t step, and we have a July 29 when police kicked in the not be tolerated in this city.” The the capital, where the religious tion of well-to-do neighbors, one lot to do still, but we have peace door of his home, seized him, and two officers who killed Evans — conflict threatens to break out in­ of whom was overheard to ask and calm in which to see how the took him to jail bare-foot and Paul Funk and Charles Archibald to insurrection. her doorman, “Do they have to be agreement works out.” only in a bathrobe. — had been exonerated by the Resentment against the dis­ here?” Robinson said two minors, jailed His arrest was part of the after- county prosecutor. crimination and brutality prac­ math of heightened anti-segrega­ ticed toward Buddhists by Diem’s tion activity July 28 when 80 per­ Catholic officialdom is reported sons were arrested here. spreading among Vietnamese Harlem Group Stages UN Sit-In; On the same day 24 Negroes Muslims Fired arm y men. were arrested for trying to wor­ Particularly brutal methods ship in a white church in Farm­ have been adopted against Bud­ Hits U.S. Role on South Africa ville, Prince Edward County. This By Government dhist demonstrations, which re­ is the county that closed its public NEW YORK — The Harlem sumed after a two-week truce in federal officials were on hand and schools four years ago rather than Committee for the Expulsion of tried unsuccessfully to dissuade June. Diem’s police surround dem­ desegregate. For ‘Disloyalty’ onstrating Buddhists with barbed- South Africa from the UN staged the Harlemites from sitting in. Commenting on the renewed wire barricades, move in with a two-hour sit-in at the headquar­ Heading the reception committee A new low has been reached Virginia protests, SNCC executive clubs to beat up demonstrators, ters of the U.S. delegation to the was U.S. Chief M arshall James J. by the government in its persecu­ committee member Avon Rollins including women and children, UN July 22. Led by Negro news­ P. McShane who was last in the tion of the Black Muslims. The said: “Those who are violent are load them on trucks and cart man William Worthy, they handed news as principle federal repre­ Civil Service Commission has beginning to outnumber those of out leaflets predicting that Adlai sentative at the University of Mis­ added to the pattern of police them off to jail. us of a nonviolent persuasion, and In the face of government Stevenson, U.S. ambassador to the sissippi when James Meredith en­ brutality and local and state vic­ it is evident that unless the white violence, a younger, more m ilitant UN, would argue “with eloquence tered there. McShane was but­ timization of the Muslims by an­ power structure of Virginia and group of monks has taken the and hypocrisy” against expulsion tressed in his UN assignment by nouncing that a dozen Muslims Danville begins to respond with lead of the protest movement. of the murderous racist South a panel truck parked in front with have been fired from government justice to the fair demands made They are demanding release of African regime from the interna­ half a dozen deputy marshals in jobs because of their adherence by its citizens there w ill be blood all Buddhist prisoners as well as tional body. to this religion. it. flowing in the streets.” the public naming of officials re­ After meeting with the demon­ The commission admitted it had “We are tired of the pious sponsible for the May 8 mas­ strators, Stevenson expressed dis­ no authority to fire government pronouncements of the Kennedy sacre which touched off the cur­ pleasure at being characterized as employees simply because they administration,” Rollins added, rent wave of protests. At that hypocritical. are Muslims, but based its action “and more and more people will time, government troops in the The sit-downers also protested on the Muslims demand for a begin to take things in their own city of Hue fired on Buddhists U.S. arms and dollar aid to the separate nation. The call for a hands.” demonstrating for the right to fly Portugese tyranny for use in hold­ “State of Islam” is an article of Members of SNCC have an­ their religious flag. Diem, a Cath­ ing on to its African colonies by the Muslims religious faith, but nounced the beginning of a “mas­ olic, has denied them that right. mass extermination measures. the commission saw it differently. sive drive to collect food and Buddhist leaders are using new Their charge of U.S. support for It claimed that loyalty to this as clothing” for Negroes in Danville protest tactics, in addition to Portugal was confirmed that same yet non-existent “foreign power" who have been victimized because planning further marches, hunger day w ith the opening of U.S. proved that the Muslims had of civil rights activities. The Rev. strikes and public suicides after efforts in the UN to water down “mental reservations” in taking L. G. Campbell, Executive Secre­ the model of the monk, Quang a condemnation of Portugese the oath of allegiance to the U.S. tary of the Danville Christian Pro­ Duc, who immolated himself in colonialism as demanded by Constitution. gressive Association, said the protest. They called on the public African delegates. The commission said that in­ packages should be sent to the In his hour-long meeting with vestigators asked employees who to stop work on July 30 in com­ DCPA at 226 North Union Street, the demonstrators, Stevenson ex­ were Muslims whether they would memoration of Quang Duc. Danville, Va. pressed the hope that American support “Islam” or the United NEW Y O R K — Five peace Negroes would help persuade States should a conflict arise. The groups demonstrated here July 25 A fricans to be less “ extreme.” He Protest Detroit dozen emplovees who were fired to protest suppression of Bud­ said he shared their hopes and Killer-Cops reportedly answered that they dhists, U.S. aid to the Diem re­ aspirations. Commented Worthy: would support “ Islam.” gime and the use of U.S. troops “Just Stevenson rhetoric.” The second mass protest within It was also revealed that other in the war against guerrilla rev­ The U.S. Attorney General’s of­ a week against Detroit trigger- Muslims had been dropped from olutionaries. Members of the Stu­ fice showed unusual interest in happy cops occurred July 15. The Federal employment during their dent Peace Union, General Strike the demonstration. Although it first protest had been organized first year, which is a probationary fo r Peace, Committee fo r Non­ was not announced in advance, William Worthy by militant Negro groups and period.