THE An interview with SNCC MILITANT Secretary Phil Hutchings Published in the interests of the Working People -see page 8- Vol. 32-No. 40 Friday, October 4, 1968 price 15c Our 40th anniversary• in the fight for socialism Plans are mapped for an expans1on• drive

By George Novack This autumn marks the 40th anniversary of our paper, which is published, as the masthead proclaims, "in the interests of the working people," and which is dedicated to the goal of a socialist America. The founding and subsequent history of The Militant is inseparably linked with a key historic chapter in the fight to build a mass revolu­ tionary socialist party in the U.S. and in the world. Forty years ago, on Oct. 27, 1928, James P. Cannon, Martin Ahern and Max Shachtman were declared expelled from the Communist Party for their opposition to Stalinism and for their continuing adherence to revolutionary Marxism and workers' democracy as defended by the international Communist Left Opposition initiated by Leon Trotsky. Nineteen days after their expulsion, these three men launched The Militant. We propose to celebrate this occasion by initiating plans for an im­ proved, expanded paper and by a financial drive to make such an improved paper possible. A national campaign is being undertaken under the auspices of The Militant 40th Anniversary Fund Committee to raise $40,000from readers and supporters of the paper- $1,000 for every year of The Militant. The campaign will extend for 11 weeks from Oct. 1 to Dec. 15. We are appealing for contributions to this fund from all of those (Continued on page 6)

Mexican students battle cops. See story page 3 Fort Dix protest rally SWP fi?hts against move . to bar 1t from N.Y. ballot t0 back 2 an tl war GIs NEW YOR~':_~~·. '::~~:~ly Illegal move w•L~:::~·~~ .. on vaciou• pcetoxt•. mled to deprive the Socialist Workers Party of against candidates of the Peace and Free- NEW YORK, Sept. 26-A demonstra­ ing of Sept. 8, as Kos stood outside the its electoral rights, the New York secre- dom Party, the Freedom and Peace Party tion to support the right of free speech mess hall, a sergeant asked him for the tary of state, John P. Lomenzo, has ruled and a pro-McCarthy group called the Co a- for Gis and in defense of Sp/4 Allen Myers copy of Vietnam GI he was holding. Kos the SWP presidential ticket off the New lition of Independent Candidates. These and Pfc. Walter Kos has been set for handed him the antiwar newspaper. York machine ballot. The SWP's challenge rulings are also being challenged in court. Saturday, Oct. 5, at Ft. Dix, New Jersey. This was construed as a violation of the to this arbitrary ruling is slated to be George Wallace and the presidential ticket The demonstration is sponsored by the totally unconstitutional order he had re­ heard by the state supreme court on Fri- of the Socialist Labor Party were certified New York and Philadelphia Student Mobi­ ceived a few days before- a blatant frame­ day, Sept. 27. on the New York ballot. lization Committees as part of nationwide up. Since Sept. 12, Kos has been con­ The pretext used by Lomenzo to re­ drive to defend the rights of Gis to oppose fined to company area pending court­ ject the Socialist Workers Party's ballot the war. martial. No formal charges have been bid was the fact that the SWP nominating Myers and Kos face courts-martial next made against him. petition lists 10 presidential electors week for distributing antiwar material on Both Myers and Kos are members of instead of a full slate of 43. In contra­ their bases, a blatant violation of their the Young Socialist Alliance and were diction to his own ruling, Lomenzo ac­ constitutional rights. Their records of per­ when they were drafted. They have made knowledged in his letter of notification formance as soldiers have not been chal­ no secret of their opposition to the war. that the SWP had complied with the re­ lenged. They have simply attempted to exercise quirements of the election law. Fred Halstead, Socialist Workers Party th€ir First Amendment right to distribute There is absolutely nothing in New York presidential candidate, stated today that political material. election law requiring that independent he will attend the trial of Allen Myers Allen Myers' "crime" was passing out an parties seeking ballot status name a full at Ft. Dix, which is set for Tuesday, Oct. 1. antiwar leaflet at a base theater during slate of 43 presidential electors. The SWP "Allen is a supporter of my campaign," his off-duty hours. On Aug. 19 he was has filed for ballot status with a partial Halstead declared. "I also intend to dis­ arrested for helping to distribute a leaflet elector slate in New York in five previous tribute campaign leaflets to other soldiers put out by the Philadelphia Student Mobi­ presidential election years and never once on the base while I am there." lizatibn Committee entitled "Support Our was challenged on that account. Thomas Walter Kos is stationed at Ft. Bragg, Men in Vietnam- Not Those Who Send Wall ace, director of the election and law North Carolina. He was initially told that Them There. Bring the Gis Home Now." bureau, and his assistant assured the SWP his court-martial would occur Sept. 28. Myers' and Kos' cases are being support­ campaign committee by phone on two In a last minute decision, the brass in­ ed by the newly formed G I Civil Liberties separate occasions in late June and early formed him that they had postponed the Defense Committee, Box 355, Old Chelsea July that a partial slate would be perfectly trial date to sometime in the following Station, N.Y., N.Y. 10011. The committee acceptable again this year. week and that they were completely re­ is helping to publicize the facts of the cases Hoping that the SWP would accept his vamping their case against him. and to raise money for legal defense. illegal ruling without protest, Lomenzo This is typical of the army's attempt Michael Kennedy of the National Emer­ magnanimously offered to print the names to intimidate antiwar G Is. On Aug. 20, gency Civil Liberties Committee is the of the SWP presidential and vice-presi­ Kos received a written order not to dis­ attorney for Allen Myers' defense. Kos' dential candidates and presidential electors tribute any publications not authorized attorney is Rowland Watts of the Workers on a ''ballot slip" which would supposedly Fred Halstead and Paul Boutelle. by the military officials. Then on the morn- Defense League. be available in voting booths for casting page 2 THE MILITANT Friday, October 4, 1968

THE MILITANT Law, order and Chicago cops Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: BEVERLY SCOTT Also, with respect to the French Published weekly by The Militant PublU.hing Ass'n., 873 Broadway, New York, Mayor Daley says - N.Y. 10003. Phone 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. events and the Russian invasion Subscription: domestic, $4 a year; foreign, $5.50. By first class mail: domestic of Czechoslovakia, The Militant and Canada $10.50; all other countries, $15.00. Air printed matter: domestic Detroit, Mich. has combined reporting with ex­ letters and Canada, $15.00; Latin America, $24.00; Europe, $28.00; Mrica, Australia, Heard on the Huntley-Brinkley plaining. Straight factual report­ Asia (including USSR), $33.00. Write for sealed air postage rates. Signed articles Report at 6:30 p.m., Sept. 9: ing, without taking sides and with­ by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are Mayor Daley was being inter­ expressed in editorials. out theoretical explanation, is from our rogated by the press about the characteristic of the bourgeois Vol. 32-No. 40 ~126 Friday, October 4, 1968 role of the cops in Chicago. He press, from the Austin American was somewhat flustered and frus­ Statesman to the Daily World readers trated. In defending the cops he (complete with racing form!). let slip with the following state- Charles Cairns, Chairman, ment: Texas University Committee This column is an open forum Mexican students declare: "The policeman isn't there to to End the War in Vietnam. for all viewpoints on subjects of create disorder. The policeman general interest to our readers. is there to preserve disorder." Please keep your letters brief. Where Truer words were never spoken. Uptight Alice brews necessary they will be abridged. 'We will not be intimidated' H. A. Writers' initials will be used, names bilge for Barron's being withheld unless authorization The following statement of the National Strike Committee BPP and PFP- is given for use. of Mexican students appeared on September 21 in the New York, N.Y. newspaper El Dia as a paid advertisement· coalition or alliance? Herewith copy of a letter I have Students and, aside from copies sent to Barron's National Busi­ of L'Enrage (which Miss Widener Brooklyn, N.Y. ness and Financial Weekly- since would hardly call '1iterature") To the People and Students of Mexico. I am writing to comment on I doubt very much if they will contained informational material The occupation of the university by the Army has been your article in the Sept. 20 Militant print it. on the Gaullist repression as well a very serious political error of the Mexican Government, entitled "The Panther-Peace & as posters and photographs ofthe As the translator of L'Enrage, who ordered the action. Immediately the negative character Freedom alliance." Firstly, the May-June events in France­ that "vile publication in un­ of this measure has fallen upon these authorities who have BPP and PFP do not have an which were being sold by the Com­ alliance, but a coalition. printable four letter words" men­ mittee to raise funds for the defense shown themselves incapable of understanding the historical tioned by Alice Widener in her of the jailed students. Miss Helena significance of our movement and that it cannot be sup­ I am going to quote several passages from a pamphlet put article, "The Detonators: A Report Hermes, national secretary of this pressed. out by Eldridge Cleaver, the on the Fourth Conference of So­ Committee, was in charge. This attack upon the autonomy of the university and minister of information for the cialist Scholars" (Barron's, Sept. But to come to the most unkind­ upon all of the students and the people of Mexico re­ BPP, which will answer your ques­ 16 ), I should like to point out est cut of all: "... much of the presents a real subversion of the constitution-and this tions and erase your doubts. that your readers are being sub­ translation from French into jected to one (four-letter word) of attack has received immediately a democratic and energetic "The focal point of the coalition English was done over the trans­ a lot of inaccurate reporting. reply. is now, and has always been, the Atlantic telephone... " Honestly, To deal with only one para­ Alice, I have never in my life The students again have won the right to be in the streets. case of Huey P. Newton, Minister of Defense, Creator, and Leader graph of Miss Widener's lengthy called Paris from New York. We The students are very far from being intimidated by the and hysterical "report": socialist types don't have that kind illegal presence of the Army in their educational centers of the Black Panther Party. Al­ though the coalition has been nar­ The mysterious Frenchwoman of budget. I and I alone am res­ and by the brutal oppression of which they have been row and limited, tentative and with the gift of prophecy ("the ponsible for the translation of that the victims. In the face of the presence of the Army the viewed with mutual suspicion, it troubles in France will begin "vile publication." students have doubled their combativity, created new and has in fact unleashed political again this month") who, accord­ If one short paragraph of Miss higher forms of combat as well as raising their level of forces with explosive local impact ing to your author, "was in charge Widener's voluminous "report" is political consciousness. The National Strike Committee and national implications." of a literature table" was actually so full of misleading statements, I shudder at the impossible job of does not consist of isolated individuals, and thus it is "The coalition between our two in charge of nothing at all. The fraternal parties is based upon young lady in question is an ac­ trying to correct the whole. Per­ able to understand the blindness of the bourgeoisie in power quaintance of mine who was haps some conferee with a great and all of those around them. Rather the Committee consists Carmichael's dictum of specific coalitions for specific purpos­ spending the last few days of her deal of patience will undertake of representatives with special and direct power which it es ... " U.S. summer vacation in New this Herculean task. But I think receives from the base of the students, whose initiative is 'We believe that cooperation be­ York and who accompanied me your readers should know that from the very first sentence, about the main driving force of the movement. Therefore, even tween revolutionary forces in the to the Conference. The '1iterature "militant young radicals ... in the case that the repression eliminates the present Na­ mother country and their counter­ table" referred to was not a book tional Strike Committee, out of the base of the student part in the black colony is abso­ exhibit, as the opening sentence guarding locked meeting room doors," a ridiculously false im­ mass there will always emerge the most adequate direction, lutely and unequivocally desi­ of the paragraph would lead one pression has been given them. rable and necessary. We believe to believe; it was set up by the determined by the circumstances that may occur, in order Committee to Defend the French Ruth Porter to obtain all of the demands expressed in our petition. that it is suicidal and nonsensical In the face of an ever more reactionary and discredited for such potential allies to remain public power, there will be a continuous, ever more de­ aloof and isolated from each other any longer." termined and popular struggle. "As our major political ob­ Meet Socialists in Your Area jective, the Black Panther Party is calling for a Black Plebiscite, (II you are interested in the ideas of 3737 Woodward Ave., Detroit48201.(313) a United Nations-supervised pleb­ socialism, you can meet socialists in your TE 1-6135. iscite to be held throughout the city at the following addresses.) East Lansing: YSA, Mike Maniskalco, 614 black colony, in which only black Michigan, Apt. 2. 351-0970. colonial subjects will be allowed CALIFORNIA: Atascadero: YSA, Bill Blau, MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, to participate. The plebiscite is P.O. Box 1061, Atascadero. YSA and Labor Bookstore, 704 Hennepin for the purpose of determining Berkeley-Oakland: Socialist Workers Ave., Hall 240, Mpls. 55403. (612) the will of black people as to Party (SWP) and Young Socialist Alliance FE 2-7781. their national destiny ... " (YSA). 2519A Telegraph Ave., Berkeley MISSOURI: St. Louis: Phone EV 9-2895, "The argument of those who 94704. (415) 849-1032. ask for Dick Clarke. oppose black national indepen­ Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, I 702 East NEW JERSEY: Newark: Newark Labor dence would be that blacks do Fourth St., L.A. 90033. (213) AN 9-4953. Forum, Box 361, Newark07101. not need it because they are citi­ Sacramento: Sacramento State College NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, Carol French, zens of white America. Our argu­ YSA, John Montgomery, West Bridge, •192. 194 Jay Street, Albany 112 10. ment would be simply to point 1025 University Ave., Sacramento, Calif. New York City: Militant Labor Forum, out the facts, the reality of the 95825. 873 Broadway (near 18th St.), N.Y. 10003. black man's status in white Amer­ San Diego: San Diego Labor Forum, (212) 982-6051. ica. Here our coalition with the P.O. Box2221, San Diego92112. OHIO: Cleveland: Eugene V. Debs Hall, Peace and Freedom Party will San Francisco: Militant Labor Forum and 2nd floorwest,9801 Euclid Ave., Cleveland become functional because the Pioneer Books, 2338MarketSt., S. F. 94114. 44106. (216) 791-1669. members of the Peace and Free­ (415) 552-1266. Kent: YSA, Roy S. lnglee, 123 Water St. dom Party whom we will have Santa Rosa: Yaung Socialist Alliance, N., Kent 44240. 673-7032. strategically helped to elect could Yellow Springs: Antioch YSA, Michae I argue for our position within the Stefan Bosworth, 808 Spencer. 0. Schreiber, Antioch Union, Yellow Springs Senate and House of Representa­ GEORGIA: YSA, P. Box 6262, Atlanta, 45387. 767-5511. tives, the state legislature and the Ga. 30308. i404) 873-1368. ILLINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, Bill Moffet, 406 OREGON: Portland: c/o Tonie Porter, 5203 city councils." S. W. Pomona, Portland, 972 19. T.U. S. Washington. Champaign-Urbana: YSA, P. 0. Box2099, PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP and 'Immensely helpful' Station A, Champaign, Ill. 61820. YSA, 686 N. Broad St., Philo. 19130. (215) Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 302 CE 6-6998. Austin, Tex. S. Canal St., Rm. 204, Chicago 60606. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, Charles Cairns, 1803 I would like to say a few words (312) 939-5044. Enfield Ave., Austin. about the paper. It has been im­ INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, Russel Block, Houston: YSA, David Shroyer, 1116 mensly helpful in our planning 207 East 2nd St., Bloomington 47401.339- Columbus St., Houston 78703. (713) JA 9- of antiwar activities, as well as 4640. 2236. in providing a general theoretical Evansville: YSA, Ronald Hicks, 1619 UTAH: Salt Lake City: Shem Richards, 957 orientation in the morass called Franklin St., Evansville. E. First Ave., Salt Lake 84103. (80 1) 355- the American left. With respect Indianapolis: Holstead-Boutelle Cam­ 3537. to the Huey Newton case, for paign, P. 0. Box 654, Indianapolis, Indiana, WASHINGTON, D.C.: YSA, 3 Thomas Cir­ example, many left papers have 46206. cle, N. W., 2nd floor, Washington, D. C., reported the facts, along with MARYlAND: Baltimore: YSA, Toby Rice, 20005. (202) 332-4635. heartfelt appeals;onlyThe Militant, 2402 Calvert St., Baltimore. WASHINGTON: Seattle: SWP and YSA, STUDENTS FACE TANKS. Army tanks roll into crowd however, has underscored the po­ MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: Militant Labor 5257 University Way N. E., Seattle 98105 of thousands of students in front of National Palace in litical necessity of supporting the Forum, 295 Huntington Ave., Rm. 307. (206) 523-2555. Mexico City Aug. 27. Black Panthers and the concept (617) 876-5930. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, 202 Marion of independent political action. MICHIGAN: Detroit: Eugene V. Debs Hall, St. (608) 256-0857. Friday, October 4, 1968 THE MILITANT page3 Mexican students clash with cops

SEPT.25- On the eve of the Olympic Games, scheduled to open Oct. 12 in Mexi­ co City, civil strife in the nation's capital has flared into street fighting in a number of neighborhoods. A Sept. 23 police attack on a demonstra­ tion near the National Polytechnic Institute led to an all-night battle between cops and students. At least three, and possibly 15, people were killed, and dozens, in­ cluding cops, were injured. Henry Giniger, writing in the Sept. 25 New York Times described this as "the bloodiest encounter since the wave of student agitation first swept over this capital two months ago." According to Giniger's report, the stu­ dents, most of whom were of high-school age, defended themselves against police gunfire with firearms. The battle raged for 12 hours and only ended after army detachments had been called to reinforce the police. The cause of the current flareup was a decision by the Diaz Ordaz government to use all the military force necessary to put an end to the student movement that has been building up since the end of July around the central slogan, "Free Mexi­ co's Political Prisoners!" BAYONETS READY. Mexican troops line up student demonstrators during July actions. The government hopes by massive po­ lice action to repress the movement so But about 120,000 students from the The leaflet was discussed at gener­ the city to organize protest meetings. They quickly and so thoroughly as to defini­ university level on down assembled at the al assemblies of teachers, students, and painted dozens of buses with slogans de­ tively eliminate its potential threat to the Museum of Anthropology. They staged a parents at the university. It was then voted fending their demands and denouncing success of the Olympic Games as a lu­ "silent" march down the Paseo de Ia Re­ on. The outcome was overwhelmingly in the Diaz Ordaz regime. They intensified crative commercial venture for Mexican forma to the Zocalo. There they were favor of continuing the movement for the their appeals to the workers and to the business and a boost for tourism. greeted by a crowd estimated at 125,000. six demands. peasants in the federal district. Up to now, however, the police violence The demonstration was completely orderly Following this round of psychological The strife widened the following day. has served only to broaden the protest and no violence occurred. warfare, Diaz Ordaz opened the next phase In one area students battled police for seven movement, to give it fresh dynamism, and Three speakers at the Zocalo rally urged of counterinsurgency. On Sept. 18, thou­ hours before troops were called in. The thus to intensify the crisis. the huge throng to continue the movement. sands of troops, trucks, and armored cars student replied with stones and bottles, The latest turn began Sept. 13 when the This was the same day that President moved onto the campus of the University of sometimes filled with gasoline, to the tear­ students staged another march to publicize Gustavo Diaz Ordaz inaugurated seven Mexico. gas grenades used by the police. the six demands they have been fighting sites of the 1968 Olympic Games. Two days The invasion was in flagrant violation In an exchange of gunfire in one district, for since the end of July. The demands later when he appeared at a balcony of the of the Mexican constitution which guaran­ a policeman was killed. are: 1) The freeing of all political prisoners. National Palace facing the Zocalo as part tees campus autonomy. Rector Javier Bar­ The populace sided with the students 2) Repeal of the law designating "social of the ritual celebrating Mexico's Indepen­ ros Sierra at once denounced the military in scenes reminiscent of the night of the dissolution" as a crime. 3) Removal of the dence Day, he was booed by the crowd. occupation as uncalled for and as an "ex­ barricades last May in Paris. Pursued by main heads of the police in the federal Javier Barros Sierra, the rector of the cessive act of force." With the judiciousness police, students took refuge in apartments district. 4) Dissolution of the granaderos National University, had appealed to the proper to his office, however, he also de­ in the neighborhood. From the windows, as a repressive police. 5) The payment students to end the strike they had been nounced the striking students for using uni­ tenants shouted imprecations at the police of indemnities to the families of persons conducting since the end of July and return versity buildings for "political purposes." and hurled missiles. killed in the July 26 repression and in to their classes by Sept. 17. The govern­ Sweeping arrests were made on the cam­ A firebomb splattered a plate-glass win­ other assaults mounted by the police. 6) ment sought to strengthen the rector's pus, hundreds of students and teachers dow of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Fixing the responsibility of the public offi­ appeal through leafleting via helicopters. being compelled to lie down and be frisked Rocks finished almost all the rest. cials involved in the repression. The leaflet said that the majority of the before being hauled off to jails already over­ On Sept. 22 tension built up to a fresh The government had attempted to convert students wanted to go back to their classes. crowded with political prisoners. high, as students staged a rally at the the Sept. 13 march into a fizzle by dropping Furthermore, they could resume their school near the ministry. Parents and child­ The militant assault on the campus pre­ millions of leaflets over the city from planes movement, if they wanted to- but after the ren joined in. cipitated a major political crisis in Mexico. and helicopters warning parents to keep Olympic Games. Besides that, they ought Police continued to make mass arrests their children from participating in the to be grateful to the Mexican people for The first effect of the occupation was to on an indiscriminate scale throughout parade because the army intended to keep their great sacrifices, since they "are paying revitalize the student movement and to give the city. Being young and near the scene order. for the greater part of your education." it a still more militant temper. of a battle was considered sufficient cause On the following day, student groups for arrest on suspicion . sought three times to retake the campus, Strikes in solidarity with the Mexico • only to be defeated by the soldiers. City students were reported at schools in 5,000 1n Boston: At the N a tiona! Polytechnic Institute, the Monterrey, Cuernavaca, Chihuahua, Villa students made preparations to resist what Hermosa, Culican and Merida. The they were sure would be the next step­ government was said to have begun to the military occupation of their campus. put up road blocks to stop carloads of By Sept. 20, the press admitted that more students on their way to make appeals 'Dump the Hump' than 1,000 arrests had been made. Special for solidarity. riot police were battling students in many Meanwhile the government obstinately By Barbara Chis audible over the angry shouts of the crowd, areas and a number of injuries were re­ went ahead with the preparations for the BOSTON- Thousands of antiwar dem­ but occasionally a phrase got through, ported. Olympic Games. Athletic teams, sports offi­ onstrators turned out to oppose Vice Presi­ which was then answered by the audience. The National Strike Committee, a broad cials and newsmen were received with pomp dent Humphrey here Sept. 18. A platform When he admonished demonstrators for body organized by the students, said that and ceremony. At the Olympic Stadium had been erected by Humphrey campaign not allowing freedom of speech, they yelled the struggle would continue and that it doves of peace were released in a dress workers the morning of the candidate's back, "Chicago, Chicago," and 'bypocrite." was sending student groups throughout rehearsal for the opening ceremony. appearance on the corner of Summer and As cries of "End the war" continued to Washington streets, right in the heart of drown out the Vice President, he addressed downtown Boston. himself again to the demonstrators. "No According to a Humphrey staff member one here has a monopoly on peace," he the location was meant to "trap the shop­ said, "Your actions here are going to WEEKLY CALENDAR pers at Filene's and Jordan's into be­ disgust the American people and injure coming a captive audience." the cause of peace." At that point the huge As the noon hour approached when crowd shouted in unison, 'We are the BOSTON NEW YORK Humphrey was scheduled to appear, thou­ American people!" over and over again. FRANCE IN REVOLT. Speaker: John Barzman, young WHAT THE GIS REALLY THINK ABOUT THE WAR: sands of people began moving into the Many people in the audience carried socialist just returned from France. Fri., Oct.4, 8:15 p.m. A firsthand report from Vietnam. Speaker: Barry blocked-off intersection. Official police and anti-Humphrey signs. One noteworthy ex­ 295 Huntington Ave., Rm. 307 (one block from Mass. Sheppard, editor, The Militant; just returned from world press estimates of the total crowd were ample asked, 'Why Fire the Ventriloquist Ave.) Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. political tour. Fri., Oct. 4, 8:30 p.m. 873 Broadway, 10,000. Humphrey assessed it as the larg­ and Hire the Dummy?" • near 18th St. Contrib. Sl. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum . est campaign crowd he'd drawn yet. What The Boston Globe summed up after­ CHICAGO he didn't mention was that more than half wards, "A man who cannot be given safe CZECHOSLOVAKIA-CAN SOCIALISM BE DEMO­ of the audience were demonstrators. conduct in Boston by a Kennedy is in CRATIC? Speaker: Kim Allen. Fri., Oct. 4, 8:00 p.m. FALL FILM FESTIVAL. Sat., Oct. 5, first of a series Continual chanting drowned out most trouble too deep to be contemplated." 302 S. Canal. Ausp. Militant labor Forum. of four film showings. STRIKE- Eisenstein's rarely shown of Ted Kennedy's introduction and • first film; the story of pre-Russian Revolution strike Humphrey's speech. The press took parti­ CLEVELAND-A picket line of about LOS ANGELES and its brutal suppression. THE RAILROADER- Buster cular note of the fact that the angry dem­ 500, mostly high-school students, booed THE EUROPEAN STUDENT MOVEMENT- EAST AND Keaton's zany odyssey across Canada on a railroad onstrators were no more responsive to Ken­ and jeered Hubert Humphrey as he arrived WEST. Speaker: Gisela Mandel, founding member of handcar. 7:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. 873 Broadway, nedy than they were to Humphrey. The at the Cleveland-Sheraton Hotel here Sept. the German SDS; correspondent at the barricades 2nd floor south, near 18th St. Contrib. Sl.25; season Boston Globe commented that "Sen. Ken­ 22 to speak at a private luncheon. Chant­ during the French student uprising. Thurs. Oct. 3, 8:00 ticket (4 programs) $4. Ausp. Young Socialists lor Hal­ nedy introduced the Vice President with ing slogans such as "Dump the Hump," p.m. Militant labor Hall, 1702 East Fourth St. Ausp. stead and Boutelle. the remark: 'You are among friends,' but "Support our men in Vietnam, bring them Militant labor Forum. (Forum this week Thurs. Oct. the response of the crowd left some doubt." home now" and "Peace now,"the line march­ 3, not Fri.) • As Kennedy began his introduction of ed for over an hour waiting for Hum­ • PHILADELPHIA Humphrey the chants were "shame, shame" phrey. MINNEAPOLIS THE CUBAN REVOLUTION TODAY. Speaker: Pearl and "sell-out." But before he was finished, The demonstration was organized by FIRST HAND REPORT ON MAY EVENTS IN FRANCE. Chertov, SWP candidate lor U.S. Senate, just returned the~· changed to "the~''re both the same, the Cleveland Area Peace Action Council, Speaker: Diana Johnstone, recently returned from Paris. from several weeks in Cuba. Fri., Oct. 4, 8:30 p.m. they're both the same!" a city-wide antiwar coalition; and the Cleve­ Sat., Oct. 5, 8:30 p.m. 704 Hennepin, Hall240. Ausp. 686 N. Broad St. Donation S1; Students, 75 cents. Very little of Humphrey's speech was land Student Mobilization Committee. Twin Cities Socialist Forum. Ausp. Militant labor Forum. Page 4 THE MILITANT Friday, October 4, 1968 nization for all tendencies which rest on the basis of socialism and are against the reproduction of private property." He pointed out that the Czech "reintro­ duction of the right of minorities to orga­ nize themselves is a Leninist tradition. [Leninism] means that all those who are convinced of the ideas of revolutionary socialism, instead of acting in a dispersed, disorganized, discontinuous way, should Ernest Mandel: act in an organized and coherent way with the fullest possible democracy and the nec­ essary coherence and centralization which makes their action efficient. More than that it does not mean." A typical question, and the final one, was asked by SDS leader Steve Halliwell. the necessity Among other things, Halliwell criticized Mandel's use of Marxist "categories," argu­ ing for more emphasis on the immediate "process" of individual experience. "People cannot think without categories," Mandel explained. "The big problem is whether you see only a process, or whether for unity of you understand that in order to have ac­ tual changes, you must have more than gradual changes. You must have a jump ... "The main tendency [of bourgeois thought] is to say 'concepts, abstractions­ not interesting,· to emphasize the 'living theory and action processes, day -to- day struggles.' Revolu­ tion is the opposite of the belief in process. It is the understanding that processes must be interrupted by big jumps." The most decisive question, Mandel said in conclusion, is whether "it is possible to change capitalist society piecemeal, by in­ dividual, small-group action, by commu­ nity actions, or whether you will only be able to change society if you bring to bear sufficient power to break the hold of the capitalist class over the means of produc­ tion, and to break the capitalist state ma­ ERNEST MANDEL. A pause in the heated debate at NYU chine." meeting of international student conference.

By Dick Roberts clared, "Outside of such an organization, by the British Revolutionary Socialist Stu­ NEW YORK, Sept. 22-''We must say as a revolutionary party, you cannot achieve dent Federation and Vietnam Solidarity a general rule," Ernest Mandel declared any permanent unity of action with the Campaign, and by the Student Mobiliza­ "I would call upon you to par­ last night, "that there are no good theoreti­ industrial working class in the broadest tion Committee in the U. S. ticipate in a big worldwide move­ cians if they are not capable of participa­ sense of the word, and I remain convinced This call for international solidarity was ment . . . a week of solidarity ting in action, and that there are no good that without the action of the working class enthusiastically applauded as had been activists if they are not capable of assimi­ you will not be able to overthrow bour­ many of Mandel's points during the lecture. with the Vietnamese revolu­ lating and producing and strengthening geois society, to really construct a socialist The discussion which followed covered a tion ... in which hundreds of and building theory." society." wide variety of questions, many of them thousands of students, of young This central theme dominated a fast­ Mandel insisted that American revolu­ far afield from the basic subject. workers and young revolution­ moving lecture and over two hours of dis­ tionists pay the utmost attention to ''linking Mandel was asked whether he favored a aries, will fight together at the cussion by the noted Belgian Marxist econ­ up with young workers. One of the results Leninist party, and if so, why. Answering omist. Mandel was making a special ap­ of the technological revolution is that it in the affirmative, Mandel pointed out that same moment on a worldwide pearance at the International Assembly of does not prepare the young workers in Lenin's revolutionary conceptions have scale . . . a common worldwide Revolutionary Student Movements, spon­ time for the roles that even in bourgeois nothing in common with the Stalinist model action for a concrete goal which sored in New York this weekbytheColum­ terms they must be prepared for." of the Soviet party and state. the Vietnamese comrades tell us bia University Students for a Democratic Leninism does not mean "the struggle Society. for a one-party system; it does not mean themselves is the most important The main foreign invited speaker at the you want a new form of social organiza­ today: Show that in the U. S. hun­ Socialist Scholars Conference in Rutgers tion where power rests with the party; it dreds of thousands of people are University two weeks ago, Mandel is pres­ ''Any idea of reintroducing with­ means power rests in the mass of the pro­ for the immediate withdrawal of ently making a lecture tour of U. S. and ducers organized in workers' councils; it American troops from Vietnam!" Canadian campuses. in the revolutionary movement, does not mean the absence of workers' de­ "I was struck during the Socialist Schol­ within the socialistmovement, this mocracy; it does not mean the absence of ars Conference and in various other gather­ basic division of labor between free press, of free speech and of free orga- ings in the U.S.," Mandel told the assem­ manual labor and intellectual lab­ bly audience of over 500, ''by the systematic way in which this counterposing is done­ or, between the infantry which you have this kind of 'dialogueofthedeaf,' does the dirty job and the elite in which one part of the audience will say which does the thinking, is pro­ European revolutionaries attend it is only necessary to start action, imme­ foundly unsocialist and goes diate action, anything else is bad. "The other part will say, no you can't against one of the main, if not the start action, before you act you must know main, goals of the socialist move­ Columbia student conference what to do, so don't act, sit down, study, ment, which is precisely to achieve write books [he was interrupted by ap­ the withering away of the division By Paula Reimers groups often gave waytorandomandaim­ plause] and where the obvious answer, the of labor between manual and intel­ NEW YORK, Sept. 23-Students from less talk. answer that is always given through his­ eight European and North American coun­ Many of the invited foreign students came torical experience ... is that you cannot lectual labor." tries held discussions on the international away with the feeling that organizers ofthe do one without the other." student movement at Columbia and New conference were not on as advanced a po­ Mandel emphasized that this was the cen­ York universities this week. The "Interna­ litical level as they had expected. Spokes­ tral lesson that European student move­ tional Assembly of Revolutionary Student men for the German SDS [Socialist Student ments had learned in the course of the last Movements" was sponsored by the Colum­ Federation] and the outlawed French JCR six months to a year. Beginningwithmuch The Belgian Trotskyist ended his talk by bia Students for a Democratic Society. [Revolutionary Communist Youth] found stressing the importance of international­ the same kind of debate, and limiting them­ Participants came from Italy, Germany, themselves at one point attempting to teach ism and making concrete proposals to selves purely to university reform, the France, Britain, Mexico and Canada as students how to organize a demonstration. "greet the courage and audacity of the French, German and Italian movements well as this country. The high point of the A resolution to support French students Mexican students who have in a few days had "spilled over into more general social conference was the appearance of Ernest victimized by de Gaulle's regime never got and political problems." time fundamentally changed the political to a vote. situation in that country and torn away Man del, the Belgian Marxist economist, at They are beginning "to make a theoreti­ a packed meeting Sept. 21. In spite of the chaos, much of the discus­ cal analysis of the nature of imperialism. the mask of false democracy with which sion focused on the key question ofthetype the Mexican government was ready to ac­ Mandel's talk on the necessityoftheunity This brought the more conscious students of program and organization needed by the of theory and action in revolutionary strug­ to the problem where Marxists start: the cept millions· of visitors to the Olym~Ic revolutionary movement. It reflected a Games ... gle has stimulated considerable thought analysis of the world capitalist system." growing interest among student radicals in and debate on the Columbia campus. A second major lesson is also being "We must think about our comrades in Marxist theories and organizational con­ learned according to Mandel, the necessity Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia who have The international conference offered an cepts. of building a revolutionary party. He gave led great struggles this year, who have opportunity for representatives of different Over 500 students took part Sept. 19 in two reasons: the lesser, but nonetheless shown that their fight for socialist democ­ student movements to "analyze the progress a heated debate on "spontaneity" and "or­ important, is that students are only on racy is a fight which is absolutely parallel which their separate movements are mak­ ganization" in the French May events. A campus for a limited period of time. to our struggle against capitalism and im­ ing and how their strengths might be member of the banned JCR defended the A revolutionary organization that com­ perialism in the West, a fight with the same joined toward the goal of international Trotskyist concept of the need for building bines students and nonstudents is necessary goal, and we will not let either Stalinist or revolution," the sponsors of the meeting a disciplined combat vanguard of students to preserve revolutionary continuity. Man­ imperialist reaction misrepresent this fight declared. and worker.s to lead a conscious and del pointed out how a number of formerly as one which somehow is pro-imperialist But with few exceptions, the lack of plan­ planned struggle against capitalist rule. militant members of the German SDS [So­ or pro- bourgeois- which it is to no extent ning and political clarity in the discussions Two French anarchists propounded the cialist Student Federation] had become in­ whatsoever." resulted in losing much of the opportunity. antiorganizational, antidiscipline, anti­ active once they graduated from college Finally, Mandel called for American sup­ The conference proceeded in a chaotic and leadership, antiprogrammatic ideas cur­ and were absorbed in ''liberal, reformist, port to the Oct. 21-27 international days of haphazard fashion. Rooms werenotsched­ rent at the outset of May but, following the intellectual milieus." protest against the Vietnam war, proposed uled in advance and publicity was poor. massive upsurge of workers, now held by More important, however, Mandel de- by various Japanese antiwar movements, Plenary sessions and small discussion only a small minority of French students. Friday, October 4, 1968 THE MiliTANT page 5 French students plan fall actions

By Fred Halstead is to avoid a showdown, all-out fight at Fred Halstead, Socialist Workers Party this stage, but to mobilize the students in candidate for President, and Barry Shep­ continuing struggle and deepen the orga­ pard, editor of The Militant, have just re­ nization and the connections with the work­ turned to the United States from a world ing class. political tour. The j(J/lowing account of the Now as the students trickle back from current stage of the French student moue­ vacations they are not very much in touch, men/ was written hy Fred Halstead while and no complicated organization of mass­ he was in Paris. ive action is really possible. But they are hit right off with the examinations question PARIS, Sept. 11 -There are some ob­ and must react. The Action Committee of vious superficial changes here since the the medical school met shortly before ex­ May revolt. For one thing the cobblestone aminations began this week. They first de­ streets in the Latin Quarter have been cided to boycott the exams, but this worked paved with asphalt, and in the same area only partially the first day. the grates around the tree trunks have The cops swarmed outside the school, been removed, because cobblestones and discouraging pickets, and it was difficult grates were used on the barricades. Typi­ to get the word around. If a boycott is not cal of the police mind: Remove a few ma­ pretty complete, of course, it can mean the LONDON MEETING. Fred Halstead addressed public meeting in London's terial accouterments and maybe the revo­ elimination from school of those who don't Caxton Hall Sept. 18. Meetingwassponsoredbythe International Marxist group. lution will go away. take the tests. So, another tactic appeared­ But it hasn't. The first thing I noticed to show the examinations to be the farce discussed and the concept of the "red uni­ The students recognize that the university was young people on the streets selling they really are. That is, to take the exam­ versity" was discussed and adopted after is still a place where academic subjects copies of Action, a paper of the student inations, but with open books, sharing an­ being outlined by student leaders who had must be learned, and they encourage that revolt. The headline said: "General [mean­ swers, and passing out copies of answers­ been members of the now outlawed Revo­ and have no intention of interfering with ing de Gaulle 1 Here We Are!" obtained from sympathetic professors- in lutionary Communist Youth (JCR) during it. But the facilities of the university, and Vacations are just coming to an end, the hallways and on the streets. the May events. considerable class time, must be available and a few of the faculties (departments) The authorities have packed the exami­ When I heard the "red university" dis­ for direct revolutionary political activity, of the University of Paris are beginning nation halls and the schools generally with cussed, it struck me as remarkably similar for political discussion and training and to open up. The Sorbonne, which is the all sorts of plainclothesmen. Inasmuch as to some of the ideas of student strike lead­ organization, not only of and by students, faculty of letters, doesn't start until October. the regular police have not been too re­ ers I met in .Japan last month. but of and by workers, both manual and The first test of whether the revolutionary liable for this sort of thing since May, a In brief, the idea is as follows. The stu­ intellectual. temper is still present is now going on. It lot of these cops are special secret police or dent revolutionaries recognize the distorted Political freedom in the university is not began over two issues- the examinations specially hired thugs recruited hastily from and reactionary role that the university is to be confined to a kind ofdebating-society and the right of students to "trade-union the seamier side of Paris life. forced to play under the present system. affair, but must be real, active participa­ and political rights." On both the authori­ These "ushers" and "disguised ones" were They aspire to a true university of knowl­ tion in the political and trade-union life of ties have had a hard time, and the students completely thrown by the open book tactic. edge, training and culture for the mass of the country and in the process of creating have begun to break through. They didn't know just how the examina­ the people. But they also recognize that a a revolution in the entire society. The uni­ As each faculty opens, the first thing it tions were to be conducted anyway, and socialist university is impossible in a capi­ versity must be a revolutionary training does is to hold the examinations which while they arbitrarily roughed up a few talist society. The university, then, must center and a center of agitation. were cancelled at the end of the last term students, all they accomplished was to cre­ become a training ground for revolution This concept is now taking hold among because of the May revolution. But these ate a national scandal. After only a few to change the society. the French students. examinations were one of the things the days of examinations at a few faculties the students were fighting to get rid of. They newspapers are now running stories poking are old fashioned memorization tests, and fun at the new "students"with 'bulging mus­ they are used to keep the student popula­ cles" and a much more intimate knowledge Halstead speaks about Gls tion down by arbitrarily barring from of judo than of academic matters. school a certain percentage through the de­ Since May-June the authorities have also vice of lopping off the bottom section of the taken great pains to remove the many pos­ mathematical curve of the test scores. The ters and slogans of the revolution which at German SDS meeting students have been demanding an end to covered the walls of Paris, particularly in this and they say that students should be the Latin Quarter. And they succeeded. passed or failed on their "dossier" or record When I arrived last week hardly a slogan By Barry Sheppard cow Stalinists who were members of SDS. of work throughout the school year. remained. But around the examination FRANKFURT, West Germany, Sept. At the Moscow-dominated youth festival .Just how this confrontation unfolds is fight the posters have begun to appear 15- Fred Halstead, Socialist Workers Par­ held in Sofia this summer, SDS decided to revealing of certain key aspects of the en­ again. ty candidate for President, addressed the initiate a demonstration against the Viet­ nam war at the U.S. embassy. The Bul­ tire situation in the country. One lesson Carrying out this activity and putting national conference of the German Socialist that a lot of students have pretty well ab­ up the posters is no simple task because Student Federation (SDS) yesterday. The garian cops massed to "protect" the em­ bassy, and attacked the SDS demonstra­ sorbed is that the students can't make the there is still police repression and harass­ SDS conference is being held at Goethe revolution alone. The general approach­ ment. Sometimes salesmen of Action or University here this weekend. tion. They were aided in this suppression widely accepted among student militants- poster pasters are arrested on the spot and Halstead explained to the conference that of the antiwar demonstration by pro-Mos­ interrogated for hours. Police can hold any­ the central purpose of our world trip was cow delegates to the festival, including five one incommunicado, without even notify­ to go to Saigon to talk to the U. S. soldiers members of the German SDS itself. ing relatives, for 10 days. there about the Socialist Workers antiwar The Frankfurt conference, after a long So it was quite a thrill to see just last campaign. He pointed to the importance discussion, voted to expell the five from the night freshly pasted posters all over the of spreading revolutionary and antiwar organization. This action led to a discus­ Latin Quarter advertising a mass meeting ideas within the U.S. Army, and called sion of what kind of organization SDS is at the Mutualite. The poster had a picture upon the German socialist students to aid or should be. This discussion reached no of an "usher" with a big club standing over in this effort nmong the U.S. troops sta­ conclusion. The Stalinists, arguing in their a row of students writing at their desks, tioned in Germany. defense, said that since the SDS has no dis­ their legs in balls and chains. The poster Strong applause greeted Halstead's ap­ cipline, they could not be held accountable bore the names of the Action Committees peal to the students to help promote anti­ for their actions in Sofia. at the faculties of medicine, economics and war sentiment within the U.S. Army rather Some delegates objected to the manner science, law, the Sorbonne and Nanterre. than simply urging individual soldiers to in which the five were expelled, feeling that The issue of political freedom on cam­ desert, indicating a shift in opinion among the underlying political differences with the pus- which is really more essential than many of the German students, who have Stalinists should have been discussed and that of the examinations- began to come to been engaged in the desertion campaign. a political struggle mounted against Stalin­ the fore around a meeting called for Sept. The socialist students also discussed work ism. Such discussion tended to be sub­ 8 by the Action Committee of the faculty within the West German Army, where op­ merged in simply discussing the five. of law to discuss the radio and television position is developing among soldiers who industry. To this meeting were invited a do not want to be used against strikers and number of radio and TV personalities and demonstrators under West German~''s new Revolt in France journalists who have been fired by the police-state "Emergency Laws." ORTF (the government radio and TV sys­ Yesterday, a group of U.S. soldiers came tem) for sympathizing with the May revo­ to Goethe University seeking to make con­ May-June 1968 lution. tact with German students, whom, they The dean of the law faculty announced hoped, would agree to meet Gis stationed that the hall was not available for this in Frankfurt and talk to them a bout the 168 pages, with photographs meeting because "outside speakers" had Vietnam war and other political problems. Compiled from been invited. The promises for political free­ We happened to meet these Gis and were dom were thus revealed to be farcical. The able to put them in touch with the German Intercontinental Press students explained that precisely what they students. They also told us of a rock and meant by "trade-union and political rights" roll concert to be held in Frankfurt last and is the right to use the university as part of night, which would attract manyG!s. They The Militant the political and trade-union life of the suggested that we leaflet the G Is there, and country, to actually participate in political so I accompanied them to the concert. movements and processes through the uni­ They helped pass out 500 of Fred Hal­ $1.95 versity, and to invite trade unionists and stead's "Letter to American Gls," a pam­ workers there for discussions, common ac­ phlet that explains Halstead's antiwar po­ New York State residents, odd 2% tax; Photo by Barry Sheppard tion and so on. sition. The "Letter" was well received by New York City, 5%. When the time for the meeting came, the the Gls, and we told them they could meet Order from IN LATIN QUARTER. Postershows police occupied the hall; the meeting had to Fred that night. After the concert, a group MERIT PUBLISHERS student with head in guillotine andre­ be held in an open square nearby, where came over to Goethe Universit~· to discuss 873 Broadway some 600 students attended. There, tactics with Halstead. leasing blade labeled "examina­ New York, N.Y. 10003 tions." for dealing with the police and plainclothes­ Of major concern at the SDS conference men's occupation of the universities were itself was the case of a group of pro-Mos- page 6 THE MILITANT Friday, October 4, 1968

Semi-Monthly Organ of the Opposition Group in the Workers (Communist) Party of America. The .. It i• ~that every .-.her of lhe Party ~.lhiiiY Clil•y =.=t:..~::r•tbeoba:v:;.t_nt~ ~of~~..:,! N. Y.C. high-school group MfLiTAN~T backs community control

voL. L No.1. By Roland Lagares 4) We demand students have a greater NEW YORK- The High School Coa­ voice in the school administration. Russian Opposition! lition held a press conference outside the 5) We demand that the board of edu­ For the office of the board of education here on cation hire more black and Puerto Rican Agai1lst Opportu1lism a11d Bureaucracy i11 the /Yorkers Commu11ist Party of America I Sept. 19 to express their solidarity with teachers. A STATEMENT TO AMERICAN COMMUNISTS BY jAMES p, CANNO!'-l', MARTIN ABERN AND MAX SHACHTMAN. 1 the C mental .;:• 1rrcctcn.:ss of the do.:ument. 1t merely the Ocean Hill-Brownsville governing 6) We demand that every student be 1. Inthevi_ewuithenc..:essityofconcent~~ng :~r~~~~=ll~&um:; ddmun~tratesthc political in!ltahility nf these the full attcntton of the_ Party O? the eleo..tton P.ny loJ' the view• ..prneed lD our IIIII~~~~~ ~~ :d, h:Soviet Union and the Comintem. and cannot be 1) We support the demand that a high since many ·of the documents-in our op1nton ~ af diAd:~before lhe~e wiD coratUaue to solved separately from them. The left wing of the that the coalition is an interracial orga­ some ~tf lhe most important political docu.rnents of ~~:,~~~the~·?' The Milicmt uatil Amcri.:an Po~.rty, taking shape in the principle school be built in Harlem instead of the our tim·e- ha,·c been suppresse~.l nf fiv.: }Cars of Antiwar pickets ranges from 17 to 24; and 14 to 18 is already taken agam~t us (nur removal. fn.nn. all 6. Sc stand on the main line of the docUJ~cnt .o.tmg·~)l,Thha~ ..~ ,:'u.,gl••!l~l\:.Jc~~.f~~~~~khyys~:~~~l:t~2~ for positions on October 16) anJ the plam J~dtca· entitkJ "The Right D.-nger in the Amerl..:J-11 a ... , e...... I the average age in the Coalition." On tions shown 111 the pwent he;~nng of the mten· }';uty" (excepting- ccrt;tin erroneous fornmlattons Party Jemoo:ril.cy and .lf.::.unst bun·au::rat·~.n ;ts t 1e tion to take further orr,am:attonal measures ~~!in7~~~iil.~7s~)".0;!~e!:~:!~ 1 ;~u~~cr~~~~ ~:~{J •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .. •••••••••••••••.,•••••• .. • greet Dean Rusk some points the Black Panthers' program ...... Connress of the CominH•nt by the Jdcgat1011 of the ()pposttion, in the drafting: of which we a..:tiw· M. Spector Expelled is similar to that of the High School Coa­ ]y parttcipatcd. As set forth in th1s Jo..:umcnt.' w..: lition. An unidentified member of the Coa­ Trotsky and Radek helicvc that the present leadership of the Party, In Canada • mechanically impo~cd upon the P.trty t;y t~c: E. C. lition shouted out from the crowd, "If C. I. ag:ain~t the will .of the. membcrshtp, ts a .:on• 1n Philadelphia Seriously Ill Maurice Spector, mcmhcr of the Executive CIJlnmittee scillUSly dewloping CJ!!."ht wmg. whose cour~ ~nd oi the Communl..t Intcrnatiuni!l bas just heen ~uspended we don't get community control we're gon­ al"tions arc all in th.: direction of unJermuunp;, loom the Communist Party of Canada for hi• rcfu.W to the po~it 10 n of th..: Pdrty 1n t_he class struggle. Its ~ndor•c the c1pul•1on uf Cannon, Ahern and Shachtman By Joel Aber na strike matches." a.:tiYitics since the prcscnta.tton of nur doc\ln~cnt Jrnm the CumrnunN Party uf AioerKa and f.,, hi• state• ment dcfendJn:: lu~· pu-ittUJI and suppurtmg unr demand on ''Th.: R1ght Danger in "the A_mcrican Party to PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 25- Tonight fur the pubhca~oon ul the iUf'pre,~cd dSlol.ll Opposition. ~" sta~ement, a scath:ng arraign• futcJ t111~ ;·sumatc. Th.: 1rrespons1hk .ld\el~tun~m. ment ul the hureau.:rattc n::g1mc, v.1l1 be pri:Jtcd m the Dean Rusk was greeted at the Belleview­ School Coalition, 602 Columbus Ave., the factional degeneration\ :~nd hurcitu~r?.ltc ~·or• natnumberufTheMi\itant. ruption nf the Low~tonc group lc.1Jcrsh1~ arc an Stratford Hotel by perhaps the noisiest and ttc 11 874-4595; or183 Lenox Ave., 865-1052. organic part of itS" fumlamcntal npportumst .:har• mc'!:~'corN~rl~rA~~s;r~~~ ~;t a~~~~e t~~~~:~~~st ~~~: rade Spector w11l he reall~cd when it;, _pointed out that most enthusiastic antiwar demonstration a.:tc! he was unanimuu.•ly elected to the Exe<:uto~e Comm1ttee of 7. The l.1.test dc.:1~1"11 nf 1hc ~.:.:ret.tr!.tt ,,f the the Cummtull~t lntcrnatoonal at the Sinh Wurld Congress yet to be assembled in Philadelphia. E. C. C. I. which undertakes to dismtss a wh?le on the nonunat1un of the C...nadMn de\eg;~b.oll. He hu been the Ch~irnoan of the Canadian Party for •l~ny yeara sene~ of principle quc>otmn~ raised _in our indtct· and the ,.d,tur olthc P~1ty organ•, th( Can!tt!'"'' ~urker On only one week's notice, nearly 1,000 1nent of th.: P.trty lct worker~ hy c~o.pul•JUn, winch the 1c.J.l c'n,tksccncc w1lh them in orclcr to d1rc.:t thcu l'~lty burelu.:rats ha,·e learned fro1n Signtan and Lewis, ;1ttJck d!!amst rhos.: who remain t~ue ~o t~•at pl.ll• wol! f.c revealed m the nc"' number of The Militant. Boutelle was the youngestgroupofantiwar stead and Boutelle Campaign Commit­ f~,rm and develop its lo~Jcal .-nd mcvJtil.blle .mtcr· The cxpu!Sloll of the editors uf The Militant is dc,llt With nat10nal 1mpliations, in no \"l.'dY alters the tunW.· onanothcrpageofthlst:ssue. activists ever to demonstrate here. tee filed 669 signatures or registered The militant mood, youthfulness and voters; only 300 are required. Election newness to such activity of those present laws require that each signer sign a led veteran antiwar fighters to predict a statement, witnessed by a notary, that • really mammoth showing for the Oct. 21- he did not vote in the primary elections. An historic ISSUe 27 week of solidarity with the Gis.

In celebration of the fortieth anniversary of The Militant, a special facsimile issue of Volume I, Number 1 has been issued. Copies, on durable paper, are available at $1 each. ... Militant's 40th anniversary drive History comes alive as you read this first issue which announces (Continued from page 1) formation of a left Opposition to combat developing Stalinist oppor­ readers who value the work our paper has done and is doing in truth­ tunism within the Communist Party and Third International. fully reporting the facts about, and helping to organize, the revolutionary With that act, a handful of revolutionary fighters declared their de­ struggles of our times. termination to preserve the principles of revolutionary Marxism and The Militant has just increased its regular size to 12 pages in order to oppose Stalinist effor.ts to divert the international class struggle. to give more effective coverage to the current election campaign, the By keeping alive the principles of authentic Marxism during those campus revolts, the black liberation movement, the labor movement difficu It years, those revolutionary fighters helped lay the basis for and the rising international struggles. today's growing international revolutionary movement. The sturdier financial base provided by the projected $40,000 fund Their founding program is outlined in Vol. I, Number 1 of The Mili­ will enable the editors to make greater improvements in its photographic, art and field coverage and to augment the paper's staff for the next tant. It's fascinating reading and very relevant for today. planned phase of expansion of its size and circulation. Send your dollar for a copy to: This special 16-page issue offers a glimpse of what can be done with a larger format. The added four-page supplement reproduces four of the more memorable earlier front pages from The Militant with dramatic headlines that were forged in the fire of history-making events. Even THE MILITANT though reduced by half from the large format of our pretabloid days, 873 Broadway we think they offer enough to indicate the character of these events and New York, N.Y. 10003 how our paper related to them. In a coming issue we plan another supplement of this kind, featuring four pages highlighting contributions we have made to such developments as the black-liberation struggle, the movement against the Vietnam war and defense of the Cuban Revolution. In addition, subsequent issues during the next two months will carry articles by veteran socialists associated with The Militant recalling ex­ periences that should illuminate many of today's issues. Also there will be reprints of major articles by the exiled revolutionary, Leon Trotsky, which The Militant alone made available to the English­ speaking world during his lifetime. Other features will include stories, photographs and cartoons which record stirring episodes of the past only dimly known to the present generation of radicals. As a memento of the anniversary, a full-size facsimile edition of the first issue of The Militant is now being published and will be available at $1 a copy. (For details see ad this page.) Militant supporters throughout the country are planning to hold 40th anniversary banquets around Nov. 15 as a fitting climax to the 11- week fund drive in their localities. Watch for the announcement in your city. This is the largest single fund goal that friends of The Militant have ever set for themselves. No smaller sum would measure up to the im­ portance of the event. It is indispensable to keep the paper moving ahead as the clearest and most uncompromising journalistic voice of socialism and black liberation in this country. We are confident the full $40,000 can be secured by Dec. 15. With your help it will be raised. Be one of the first boosters of the fund. Use the coupon on this page for doing so. Friday, October 4, 1968 THE MILITANT page 7 Halstead blasts witch-hun-t Ohio socialists •1n of Chicago demonstrators act1ve• campa1gn• NEW YORK, Sept. 26- Fred Halstead criticized the HUAC "investigation." sharply attacked today the House Un­ "Some of them were weeping crocodile By Jean Simon American Activities Committee decision to tears at the time of the brutal attack. Now CLEVELAND- The Socialist Workers subpoena five organizers of last month's that the government has gone into action Party of Ohio is conducting a vigorous demonstrations at the Democratic Party na­ to witch-hunt Mayor Daley's victims, they campaign to reach the thousands of Ohio­ tional convention and stage a typical sit back in silence. It shows you that in ans who want an alternative to the capi­ HUAC witch-hunt. reality the Chicago attacks were not a de­ talist war parties and their police-state pol­ parture from Democratic Party policies." "It is a case of making the victim into icies for dealing with social problems. a criminal and the criminal into a victim," HUAC issued subpoenas to David Del­ For the first time since the Socialist Work­ linger, Tom Hayden, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry the Socialist Workers Party presidential ers Party began running presidential can­ candidate declared. Rubin and Rennie Davis. didates in 1948, write-in votes will be They will be called to testify in Washing­ counted this year. Ohioans will be able to "Those who were beaten up by Chicago ton beginning Oct. 3. Legal counsel is express their opposition to the war, the police on Johnson and Humphrey's orders being provided by theN ational Emergency racism, the police brutality, the antilabor are blamed. The real criminals, the ruling Civil Liberties Committee, National Law­ and antidemocratic policies of the capi­ capitalist politicians, serve as judge and yers Guild and the Law Center for Con­ talist parties by writing in the names of jury." Halstead pointed out that not one stitutional Rights. A number of groups plan the Socialist Workers Party candidates: prominent Democrat or Republican has demonstrations against the witch-hunt. Fred Halstead for President, Paul Boutelle for Vice President, Eric J. Reinthaler for U.S. Senate, and David G. Wulp for Congress from the Film on Halstead speech available 22nd district. In addition to speaking engagements by Wulp and Reinthaler, active campaigning By Brian Shannon points out that it is the antiwar movement by Young Socialists for Halstead and On April 27, 1968, Fred Halstead was that supports the Gis, not capitalist politi­ Boutelle is reaching out to all sections of one of the main speakers at the antiwar cians in Congress who say "support our the state. rally of 30,000 in San Francisco. His G Is by sending more of them to die over Highlight of the fall campaign will be speech was well received. He was inter­ there." the visit of presidential candidate Fred DaveWulp rupted several times by applause and was Also appearing briefly in the film are Halstead Oct. 11-13. He will speak at a Party in the Cleveland Area Peace Action given a standing ovation at the end. Sub­ Muhammad Ali, Bobby Seale of the Cali­ campaign rally and dinner Friday night, Council, which has played a leading role sequently printed, the speech has been one fornia Black Panther Party, Paul Jacobs Oct. 11, at Debs Hall, 9801 Euclid Ave., in antiwar activities in Northern Ohio. He of the most successful Socialist Workers of the Peace and Freedom Party, and and a state conference of Young Socialists is also a member of the University Circle Party campaign items. Rear Admiral Arnold True, Ret. for Halstead and Boutelle at Case Western Teach-in Committee at Case Western Re­ Now a 15-minute, 16mm sound movie, The film's general content, Halstead's Reserve University the next day. serve University, where he is employed as "Fred Halstead in San Francisco- April presentation, and its convenient length all The Ohio candidates on the SWP ticket, a computer programmer. 27, 1968," has been produced. Combined go to make this film a big addition to the who announced their nomination last De­ Formerly active in the Young Socialist in an effective presentation are the voice Socialist Workers campaign. It can be cember, have both been active campaigners Alliance, Wulp is now Cleveland organizer of actress Vanessa Redgrave (who sent a shown at house parties, fund-raising par­ for the socialist alternative before, during for the Socialist Workers Party. taped message from England), shots of ties, on local TV, before community groups, and after presidential elections. Recently Wulp and Reinthaler issued the march through San Francisco, and antiwar committees, etc. Since nearly all Eric Reinthaler, the Socialist Workers statements demanding withdrawal of white the rally at the Civic Center plaza. It fea­ colleges and universities have 16mm facil­ Party candidate for U.S. Senate, is a na­ police and National Guardsmen from the tures the Socialist Workers presidential ities and projectors easily available for no tive Ohioan. For a number of years he black community during the Glenville dis­ candidate talking to a massive audience more than a nominal fee, it will be especial­ was active in the steelworkers' and electri­ turbances and condemning the violation of of young, militant antiwar demonstra­ ly useful for student supporters of the cal workers' unions and has served as a the right of self-determination by the Soviet tors- presenting the revolutionary social­ Halstead-Boutelle ticket. shop steward, executive-board member, invasion of Czechoslovakia. ist view on how to build the antiwar move­ The movie can be rented from the Social­ and editor of trade-union publications. ment and on its relationship to the Gis. ist Workers National Campaign Commit­ Born in Salem, Ohio, Jan. 7, 1924, he Halstead insists that the antiwar move­ tee, 873 Broadway, N.Y., N.Y. 10003, attended Bethany College in West Virginia 'Socialist' Party gives ment must "stay in the streets ... and keep for $5.00 plus postage for a 3-day period. and Western Reserve University in Cleve­ building that pressure" in order to stop the To purchase a copy of the film send land. He was a combat infantryman in the war, "not by trusting some other liberal $25.50 to Jim Kendrick, 2338 Market St., 8th Division in World War II and holds a backhanded support Democratic or Republican politician." He San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Purple Heart for wounds received in action in Europe. Reinthaler was one of the first political to Hustling Hubert prisoners under the Taft-Hartley slave-la­ bor act during the McCarthy witch-hunt NEW YORK- The nearly moribund So­ period. The section of the law under which cialist Party is in effect supporting Hubert he was convicted was repealed and sub­ Humphrey for the Presidency this year. sequent convictions of other trade unionists While the party's national committee in a were reversed by the courts. recent meeting here refrained from "offi­ He has been an activist in the civil-rights cially endorsing" Humphrey because of movement since his high-school days in "his continued defense of the horrible war 1938, participating in both the NAACP in Vietnam" and because ''he falls short and CORE. In the 1950s he was active of what the times require," they stated in the Cleveland Council on World Affairs. that there is no realistic alternative to his He is On the technical staff of the school of candidacy. medicine of Case Western Reserve Univer­ "Humphrey's victory is preferable to any sity and is a member of the University other realistic possibility, and no strategy Circle Teach-in Committee. of protest voting will seriously forward Eric Reinthaler joined the Socialist Work­ the progressive political trends," the NC ers Party in 1963, has served as Cleveland resolution stated. organizer, and is a frequent contributor to The decision to support Humphrey is The Militant. another step in the steady political dege­ David G. Wulp, the Socialist Workers neration of the party of Eugene V. Debs. Party candidate for Congress, 22nd district, The SP has not nominated its own presi­ was born in Kingston, N.Y., in 1939, and dential candidate since 1956, when Darl­ graduated with honors in 1961 from Carle­ ington Hoopes was its standard bearer. ton College, in Minnesota, where he ma­ Since then, it has consistently supported jored in psychology. the Democratic presidential nominees. In It was at Carleton that Wulp began his 1964 Norman Thomas, the party's best­ political activity. From the Woolworth dem­ known spokesman, stumped the country onstrations in 1960, to support of the de­ for Lyndon Johnson. Now, commenting mand for black control of the black com­ on its support of Humphrey, the party's munities, Wulp has been a consistent par­ chairman, well-known poverty-expert Mi­ tisan of the most progressive, militant chael Harrington, stated, 'While we did tendencies in the Afro-American freedom not endorse President Johnson in 1964, we struggle. were more enthusiastic about him than His support of the colonial revolutions we are about Mr. Humphrey." also goes back to his college days, with According to the Sept. 16 New York Times, Harrington said that whether or activities in defense of the Cuban revolu­ not SP leaders will actively campaign for tion and membership in the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. Humphrey "would probably depend on He has represented the Socialist Workers whether he changed his stance on Viet­ nam and domestic issues in the remain­ ing days before the presidential election." For free copies of SWP cam­ It is small wonder that a "socialist" party paign literature or additional in­ that was "enthusiastic" about Johnson, and formation, write: would eagerly give public support to Humphrey in exchange for a few phony John McCann, Campaign Di­ last-minute campaign promises, is in a rector, Socialist Workers Party state of drastic decline. In a period of of Ohio, 9801 Euclid Ave., Cleve­ deepening radicalization, the Socialist land, Ohio 44106. Party as an organization has played vir­ or call: tually no role. Nevertheless, Michael Har­ rington was able to tell reporters with a (216) 791-1669 or932-6313 straight face that the SP now has "under 10, 000" members. page 8 THE MILITANT Friday, October 4, 1968

INTERVIEW WITH PHIL HUTCHINGS OF SNCC: 'For a mass black revoluti

By Derrick Morrison workers, or other little things which have a ning of the kind of political party we're to deal with exploitation and racism? The following interview with Phil Hut­ lot to do with their lives. talking about. They are beginning to set A: We have always maintained that black chings, national program secretary of the So we're saying from the very outset up what are some of the necessary types of people in this country have two problems. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commit­ that the primary focus of this black revo­ organization, especially around the ques­ One is the question of color. Black people tee (SNCC), was obtained in New York lutionary party has got to be beyond elec­ tion of self-defense. This is what the black in America have been oppressed because in the second week of September. toral politics, that electoral politics plays community has to be able to understand of the color of their skins. This results a very small role in this mass party. It's before they can move to form a genuine from something called racism, which is a Morrison: SNCC has called for the our idea that politics is not who you vote revolutionary political party. We don't psychological manifestation of some formation of a mass black revolutionary for in this election or that election, but think the Black Panthers are the last stage. disease that has been brought to this coun­ politics is a collection of the forces which try by white Europeans and people prin­ party. Would you outline your perspective Q: What role will united fronts, such as determine how you live your life. cipally of the West. These people have on this? the one in Wt>~hington, D. C., the Black One of the things that we in SNCC have never been able to relate honestly and in Hutchings: Our idea in calling for a mass Congress in Los Angeles, and united fronts found in organizing black people over the a humane way to people of color, whether black revolutionary political party is that that exist elsewhere, play in the building of past eight years is that people never fight you aretalkingaboutblack, yellow, brown, we think black people need some kind of a black party? unless it is necessary. They have to be forced or whatever. mechanism to fit into what will be a very A: It is our position that if the united to fight, feeling that there is something in But at the same time that black people long struggle for liberation in this country. fronts are organized in a correct political it for them and that they can win. Having have been discriminated against because It is important that blackpeoplehavesome way that they can be the forerunners of the an organization that has the kind of philo­ of their color, they have also been dis­ kind of instrument which has 1) an ideol­ black political party. We think that a black sophy that can bind people together for criminated against by capitalism because ogy, 2) some type of methodology, 3) an political party in order to have a mass a long struggle is one of the ways that the of their economic weakness. Capitalism analysis of who is the enemy and what has base has got to have elements from the people will be able to bear any kind of is basically a system which is beyond to be done to overthrow this enemy, and entire black community. repression that the white power structure color and will discriminate against every­ 4) a membership that is built usihg day to United fronts contain people who re­ can put upon them. one, white people as well as black people. day struggles which begin to bring people present different interests within the black to see an alternative to what exists now. Q: .How does the Black Panther Party community, different economic strata, and It is very much in the interest of black We think it is very important that people fit into SNCC's view of the development at the< 'Same time these fronts form a kind people in this country to realize that they see what change can do for them. People of a black party? of communications network among differ­ have to fight two struggles. The first is fear change, especially when they cannot A: We think the development of the Black ent organizations. This enables them to on the question of color, of cultural in­ understand what the change will be, even Panther Party of California is one of the work among each other and to defend tegrity-which is the first part of the ques­ though they may need it very badly. One strongest developments in the movementto each other against repression. The united tion of black power that addresses itself of the things that a political party does is date. The philosophy of Defense Minister front, if nothing more, is simply an um­ to being black. At the same time, they have that it gives people something to do in the Huey P. Newton of picking up the gun and brella to bring the black community to­ to fight against the power system in this here and now while at the same time pre­ beginning to organize in a very aggressive gether against the hostile white outside country, which is tied into the economic senting a picture of what the future can be. manner against the white power structure world. system. The political party that we envision does around basic needs-such as the 10-point We think that as the repression begins to If you are talking about really going not fit into the conception of mainstream program of the Black Panther Party-is intensify in the black community, there will for power, and not simply some kind of cultural fadism, you have to talk about political parties in that it does not run in a definite intensification of the struggle for be more and more attacks against black overturning the capitalistic power system. elections -or, at best, it displays a very black liberation. liberation fighers and black liberation or­ cavalier attitude toward elections. It is our At present we see the Black Panther Party ganizations. What will happen is that the It is our position in SNCC that capitalism position that the majority of things having in the many communities where it is begin­ attacks will not be directed simply at these is simply an "updation" of feudalism, and to do with power and that deal with people's ning to organize as serving to be a kind of organizations, but, invariably, at every­ that feudalism, with its concern for property like capitalism, is only an "updation" of lives are never up for electoral vote. very necessary militia, in an educational thing black. And as these attacks begin, something called slavery, andthattherefore For instance, it is never possible to vote sense, that begins to raise issues, that begins the united fronts will become, not so much black people are by and large slaves. for who runs General Motors, or who runs to talk about the whole philosophy of middle-class bourgeois fronts, but they will Black power in its truly revolutionary sense AT&T, or on how the whole economic violence and begins to show in manyways become more revolutionary and more poli­ can never mean black capitalism because portion of the country is run. People on the what the real ills of the present society are tical in their ideology. And from the best very lower level never have a chance to vote and how black people as a group will never elements of the united fronts you will have the two are inherently contradictory. on who is in the police force, or how to get fit into the mainstream of American political the nucleus for the formation of a black Q: Is it possible to develop black control rid of the merchants who are oppressing life. political party. of the black community under this system? them, or to vote on their welfare case We see the Black Panthers as the begin- Q: What analysis is SNCC developing A: The white power structure has learn­ ed the lesson of Africa, where you give people visible political control, but you do not give them real control in terms of BOOK REVIEW: the economy. The same thing is true here. There can be no such thing as a black power mayor or a black power leader within the present American system, it simply cannot be done. There will be black administrators, and people who will Polish student rebels be projecting so-called blackness, but at the same time they will be serving the demands REVOLUTIONARY MARXIST STU­ opment of socialist democracy," beginning orated in connection with an analysis of of the American political system, whether DENTS IN POLAND SPEAK 0 UT (1964- with the reestablishment of democratic cen­ the existing postcapitalist societies that, they realize that or not. 1968). Edited by George Lavan Weiss­ tralism in the Communist Party and ul­ while very penetrating, is defective in some So we say that as long as you have a man. Merit Publishers, 1968. 96pp. $1.25. timately-"in a more distant future"-es­ important respects. country like the United States, which has tablishing the right to form a legal oppo­ an industrial and technological develop­ Kuron and Modzelewski regard the bu­ The body of this pamphlet consists of a sition in the parliament. reaucracy as a ruling class that, like other ment which spans the whole world, in other new English translation of Jacek Kuron's Deutscher's letter is a powerful appeal ruling classes, once played a progressive words, as long as there is international and Karol Modzelewski's "Open Letter to for support of the persecuted Polish oppo­ historical role. During the initial phase monopoly capitalism headquartered in the Communist Party Members," one of the sitionists. He contrasts brilliantly their dig­ of industrialization of a backward country, United States of America, it is impossible most important Marxist theoretical and nity and integrity to the servility of the in their view, it made possible an immense to talk about black control of the black programmatic statements to appear in the time-servers staffing the highest positions expansion of productive forces. However, community in this country. workers states since the silencing of the in the Polish state and party. after this initial phase is completed, the Q: What kind of struggle will be needed Russian Left Opposition in the late 1920s. Kuron and Modzelewski state their cen­ to bring about black control of the black To it are appended Antoni Zambrowski's tral thesis simply: "The economic and bureaucracy becomes a brake on the further unfolding of productive forces. Kuron and community? brief "Reply to the Party Control Commis­ social crisis cannot be overcome within Modzelewski see the roots of the general A: We think that black control of the sion" and Isaac Deutscher's "Protest Letter the limits of the bureaucratic system. Rev­ black community is a very good· slogan to Gomulka." olution is inevitable." To assure the vic­ crisis of the ''bureaucratic system" in this . contradiction. to get people into action, and we think that Kuron, Modzelewski and Zambrowski tory of the antibureaucratic forces and to it is a very good, radical demand to make are three of many young, oppositional provide guidelines for the subsequent social In an introductory essay on the "Open in the true sense of getting to the root of Communists in Poland whose brave ad­ reconstruction, they propose following a Letter," Pierre Frank, a leader of the Fourth the problem. It's important to fight for vocacy of their views has brought upon genuinely revolutionary program. International, critically assesses these that demand because it is intensely logical, them the wrath of the governing bureau­ Their proposed program can be sum­ views. He stresses that "history has never very rational, and very democratic. The crats. Kuron and Modzelewski were im­ marized under three general points. First, provided an example of a ruling class problem is that this country is neither prisoned from 1965 to 1967, and Zam­ they call for the establishment of workers' becoming a brake or an obstacle to the logical, rational, nor democratic. In the browski was fired from his teaching po­ democracy, in which all power-political, development of the productive forces within fight to get black control of the black sition at the University of Warsaw in 1966. economic and military-is lodged in work­ a few years. What is involved is a social community you will bring out all of the All three are reported to have been ar­ ers' councils. Secondly, they call for the layer brought to power under exceptional ills of the system in regard to black people. rested during this year's Polish student internationalization of the revolution; they circumstances and exercising because of Therefore, you must begin to fight not demonstrations. recognize that the antibureaucratic struggle this an economic and political dictatorship in one black.community, such as acounty, The most interesting feature of Zam­ in Poland and the other "bureaucratic states" that has no historicallegitimacy and whose or a city, or an area-but you have to browski's letter is his reference to the ex­ is an integral part of the worldwide so­ temporary 'utility' is very questionable." begin to move on a nationwide scale to istence of "opposition groups" within the cialist revolution. Finally, they recognize In spite of this, Frank concludes that "the begin to control the whole country. As Polish CP, and his forthright defense of the necessity of building a revolutionary difference between them [Kuron and Mod­ America becomes more technological and their right to present their ideas within party to carry the working-class struggle zelewski] and the Trotskyist movement is the whole economic system becomes more the party. His own position is one of through to the end. terminological rather than political in immense, it also becomes more interde­ reform; he calls for the "controlled devel- This revolutionary program is elab- nature." pendent. So it is impossible to have an Friday, October 4, 1968 THE MILITANT page 9 onary party'

enclave of freedom or of liberation in one tical system. But it is only in the attempt to part of the country, unless you begin to find that out that black people will begin to talk seriously about taking on the whole develop revolutionary consciousness in power structure of the country. Newark or any place else. The lies which hold this country together People do not become instant militants. can be smashed by the revolutionary con­ It is a process that unfolds through action, sciousness that can be organized around the hard work, and an analysis that is gained whole question of black control of the by failure to do what seems to be some­ black community. thing very simple, something that should Q: There is another question which is very easily happen in a so-called demo­ related to this, and that is, are there other cratic country. Once we see those so-called potentially revolutionary forces in this simple things cannot happen, the pathway country besides blacks? to revolutionary activity becomes possible. A: It is our position that revolution has Q: Could you comment on the various very little to do with the color of a person's defense cases of SNCC militants, especially skin. We feel that revolution has a lot to do Cleveland Sellers' case and Rap Brown's with environment, with the position that case? Also, what can people do to support people or groups of people are forced into, these cases? given the system or country that they live A: Well, SNCC is getting just as much in. repression as ever. At present we have over In this country black people are the most 40 people who are in jail in the state of prone to be revolutionaries, but there are Texas. While Governor Connally was try­ people outside of black people who are ing to fight for the unit rule at the Demo­ thrown into a very revolutionary posture. cratic Party convention, the people in Texas I think of the developing revolutionary were putting 40 SNCC people in jail. Basic­ consciousness among Mexican-Americans, ally, those 40 people come from four in places like Los Angeles and the South­ cities - Dallas, Houston, Austin, and Kil­ west under groups like the Brown Berets, leen. and people such as Reis Tijerina and Corky Lee Otis Johnson, a SNCC organizer Gonzales. from Houston, received a 30-year sentence I think of the developing awareness for supposed or alleged possession of mari­ among Puerto Ricans, like in Chicago juana. In Dallas, Ernest Stephens was where they have a Latin American defense given a 20-year sentence for supposedly organization, and in East Harlem where throwing a rock through somebody's win­ Phil Hutchings the Gut Theater has begun to do very dow and for"malicious destruction of pro­ political and very radical things. There is perty." All of these are trumped-up charges and not simply around the question of I was put into jail and then the city work­ a great deal of revolutionary conscious­ in an attempt to keep SNCC people from defending H. Rap Brown but around the house for five days on a so-called charge ness, or potential, that can be developed organizing in the state and to smash the political program that SNCC is trying to of trying to incite a riot. in all of these communities. whole organization. institute. Because there are so many cases in­ We have the question of what is the role In the case of H. Rap Brown, he is very Cleve Sellers is momentarily out of jail. volving SNCC people we have set up a of white people. SNCC maintains that we concerned about his trial, which comes up He was given bond on the charge concern­ SNCC Defense Fund. And that address is are not fighting against white skins but in Cambridge, Md., this year, probably ing draft evasion. But he still has to face 360 Nelson St. SW, Atlanta, Georgia, cfo against white supremacy, and that there sometime in October. He feels that with charges and the possibility of a 70-year of the SNCC National Office. People can is a role for radical whites. We have said, Maryland's Governor Spiro Agnew on sentence for his activities in Orangeburg, write there and send contributions in care since 1966 and even before that, that whites the ticket with Richard Nixon, the Repub­ South Carolina, stemming from events of the deputy chairman. of SNCC, Bob should begin to organize in the white licans will try to get a conviction in his around the Orangeburg Massacre, which Smith. community, to begin to split the white case. This would enable the Republicans was perpetrated by the white police power We feel it is important to link all of these community so that when the eventual con­ to go around and say that while Hubert structure in South Carolina. cases together and to begin to see these frontation comes, it will not be a question Humphrey simply talks about '1aw and Various other SNCC people, such as cases for what they really are, as not of simply white versus black, but a ques­ order," Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew Willie Ricks, Bob Moore in Baltimore, simply a question of a legal defense, but a tion of power. can "take care of the agitators." and Bob Smith in Atlanta, also face the part and parcel of the white power struc­ We think that because of the unique role And so it will be necessary for SNCC, possibility of jailings because of their poli­ ture's attempt to use the judicial system of black people in this country, they will various black militants, and concerned tical activity. I am up on a charge of as a way to harass, to limit political always be in the vanguard of the revo­ white radicals around the country to mount unlawful assembly in St. Louis, Missouri­ activity, and to crack down on dissent lutionary struggle. But that does not nec­ a huge campaign to defend the brother, resulting from a trip I just made there. in this country. essarily mean that they have to be the only group that is revolutionary. Q: Could you comment on the United Brothers campaign in Newark where they are running two people for city council? Nisqually Indians stage protest fish-in A: The campaign andthewholeprogram is not necessarily a revolutionary program. It is a program around the whole concept, By Christina Burks This series of events is the latest in a once again, of black control of black com­ SEATTLE, Wash.- A week-long fish-in long history of attempts by Washington munities, or self-determination of Newark was conducted here by the Nisqually State Indians to maintain their established by 1970. The campaign of the two can­ Indian Tribe in defiance of the State of human and treaty rights in the face of didates, Ted Pinckney and Donald Tucker Washington and the U.S. Supreme Court. continued harassment and encroachment for city council, is an attempt to get some The government is illegally attempting to by the State of Washington and the U.S. type of black solidarity within a city which deny the Nisqually Indians rights granted government. has had a very tough time in getting black them under the 1854 Treaty of Medicine Over the past five years the state has solidarity. This is in spite of the fact that Creek. stolen and sold over $500,000 worth of black people in Newark are at least 57 Nets were set at four "usual and accus­ fishing gear belonging to the Nisqually percent of the population, and perhaps tomed" places in the Nisqually River and other tribes. A number of Indians even more. What is happening is that the around Frank's Landing, with a 24-hour have been jailed and fined for the ex­ campaign of the two candidates is an guard to prevent theft of the gear by ercise of their constitutionally guaranteed attempt to begin to bring to the surface state fisheries wardens. These guards were treaty rights, on which the economic sur­ the problems of Newark, New Jersey. manned by supporters of the Indians from vival of their families depends. It is very important I think to add that a number of groups in the Puget Sound State agents have invaded the reservation the two candidates were nominated at a area including the Young Socialist Alliance, and have destroyed gear and beaten In­ black convention in Newark. The black Black Panther Party, Peace and Free­ dian fishermen, including old women and convention developed a whole opposition dom Party, Students for a Democratic children. platform for what should be done in New­ Society and the Socialist Workers Party. At the Sept. 5 rally there were 80 dem­ ark. It was the first time in the history of The week of protest has also included onstrators, about 60 onlookers and a large Newark that black people have come to­ a rally on the State Capitol steps Sept. 5 contingent of newsmen. A number of Indian gether as a very large group to decide how and several attempts to fish at Capitol speakers decried the condition of Indians that city should operate. If we say that white Lake in Olympia. A number of Indians in Washington State; speakers from non­ power has messed up Newark, what will and their supporters were arrested in the Indian groups pledged their support. black power do? How do we begin to plan Olympia fish-ins, including Suzette Bridges, Suzette Bridges declared, "Let Mr. Daniel on the level of housing, in the field of Robert Stern, John Vigil, Dan Hauser, J. Evans [Washington governor] know education, in the field of welfare, in city Lawrence Seide and Floyd Turner. that we are going to keep right on fishing finance and tax finance, and how do we While there has been no action by the no matter what he does ... Nobody's begin to move to get real power and real department of fisheries at the Frank's Land­ going to kill my people without every­ control in Newark? ing fish-in, it has been under the surveil­ body knowing about it." Debbie Leonard, NETS READY. Nisqually Indians As I said before, it is the position of lance of state fisheries wardens and the Socialist Workers candidate for U.S. Senate defy government ban on their tradi­ SNCC that this basically cannot be done nets have been frequently buzzed by a was among the non-Indian speakers tional fishing rights in Washington within the workings of the American poli- state helicopter. emphasizing their support. State. page 10 THE MILITANT Friday, October 4, 1968 Teamsters propose New York painters strike N.Y. family subsidy wins significant concessions Something new has been added to union By Bernie Stanton demands. On Sept. 23, Barry Feinstein, The first strike in almost a quarter of president of Teamsters Local 237, an­ The National a century of the Painters Union of New nounced that one of the demands for 3,500 York City has ended with a decisive vic­ New York City Housing Authority em­ tory for the union. After five and a half ployees was a government-financed $5-a­ weeks on the picket line, the rank and file week per child allowance. Picketline by a two-to-one majority, voted to ratify Feinstein based the new demand on words a new contract. right out of the horses' mouths- Mayor on duty in the past few months. They are The major issues in the strike were wages Lindsay, who as vice-chairman of the Na­ talking strike with a capital S. and working conditions which had de­ tional Advisory Commission on Civil Dis­ The Uniformed Sanitationmen's Asso­ teriorated to the point where the painters orders supported such family subsidies; ciation is also asking substantial wage were far below the rest of the building­ Social Service Commissioner Jack R. Gold­ increases "based on a formula which takes trades unions, including the laborers. On berg; and Mitchell I. Ginsberg, Human into consideration injury hazards, the stren­ the question of wages the new settlement Resources Administrator, who has ''long uous nature of the work and the 26 per­ provides for a package increase of $1.40 advocated wage subsidies based on need cent productivity increase over the past an hour over a three-year period, averag­ rather than market place values." year." ing about 4 7 cents per hour each year. Sixty-two other nations, including, to * * * This contrasts with the 14 cents an hour name but a few, England, Sweden, Canada, The United Steelworkers' bureaucracy the union had won in the previous six France and West Germany, do grant such moves with speed and dispatch when faced years. family supplemental payments. with any challenge- from its own mem­ On working conditions, the union won * * * bership. some important concessions. Perhaps most "Fun City"-which isn't fun for most of On Sept. 1 7 Donald C. Rarick, a local important of all was the right to select its inhabitants- faces three major union union president who had announced his its own shop stewards without being sub­ contract expirations on Sept. 30. As this candidacy in the forthcoming union elec­ ject to approval of the employers. In the is being written, on Sept. 25, round-the­ tion, died suddenly of a heart attack. past the boss had the right of veto power clock negotiations are going on between I. W. Abel probably read that obituary over a steward he didn't like. This meant the New York authorities and city police, with relief. But almost simultaneously Emil that the steward had to be the boss's man firemen and sanitation workers. E. Narick, assistant general counsel for in order to stay on the job. Under the The Policemen's Benevolent Association the union, announced that he was entering new settlement the boss no longer has this has pledged not to strike. All it wants, in the lists against Abel. veto power. addition to higher pay and better working Five days later the USW national office What may prove of even greater signi­ conditions, is that city hall "take off the announced that N arick had been demoted ficance in the long run is the fact that for handcuffs" it alleges the cops have been from his post to a "desk job" in the con­ the first time in the building-trades unions shackled with and allow the police to "en­ tract department. a grievance committee is being set up which puts in question the right of the boss to force law and order." This is a racist de­ Incidentally, at the recent USW conven­ Photo by Shannon mand to give cops a go-ahead to crack tion, Abel and Co. defeated a resolution hire and fire freely. A man can now pro­ ON THE LINE. Painters manned down on the legitimate rights of black which would have relaxed the present very test if he is unjustly fired and have a picketline during five-and-a-half week people. strict requirement for national office can­ hearing. In this respect the Painters Union strike. The Uniformed Firefighters, now sup­ didacy. And this in spite of recent court is ahead of other building-trades unions. A number of other concessions were won ported by their officers' association, are rulings voiding elections in both the N a­ around which the men could rally. Despite including some fringe benefits. The union asking for more money, shorter work tu~ns, tiona! Maritime Union and the Hotel and the lack of proper preparation and organi­ calculates that a total package of $59-a­ better pensions and more adequate support Restaurant Employes Union after mem­ zation for the strike, the membership show­ week increase was won over a three-year for their survivors. Five firemen have died bership challenges. ed such solidarity in action that the bosses period. cracked and signed on terms that repre­ * * * This victory was noteworthy because of The Int'l Brotherhood of Electrical Work­ sented a big step forward for the union. the militancy that was developed and the ers have won their 158-day strike against The main task confronting the union in solidarity displayed by the men through­ Students in Phila. the Illinois Bell Telephone Co. (a strike the next period is enforcing the new agree­ out the strike. It was even more remarkable which rather discommoded the Democratic ment. This means militant stewards to because the union was functioning under police the jobs and a union administration convention). a new leadership; the deadweight to back them up. It means developing The installers won a $27.50 wage in­ march to protest of the old, corrupt leadership had only a program to educate the membership and crease over three years, as well as im­ recently been removed after a bureaucra­ give them a perspective for the future. proved fringe benefits. tic dictatorship lasting two decades. More­ And, finally, it means the building of a * * * over, the new leadership, while personally left-wing leadership to carry the struggle FBI harassment According to the Sept. 14 issue of Busi­ honest, did not provide a clear-cut program through. ness Week, the presidents of both the In­ PHILADELPHIA, Sept.25-Arallyand ternational Assn. of Machinists and the march of 400 students today demanded United Mine Workers have "placed their an end to FBI harassment of the antiwar organizations in the forefront of the labor movement and the student newspaper at militants ... and are preparing for hard The Great Society the University of Pennsylvania. The action settlements" in coming negotiations. was spurred by the invasion of the offices P. L. Roy Seimiller, lAM president, told of the Daily Pennsylvanian by FBI his convention that during the past four ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS-Faced a study done recently by two politic<:>.! agents demanding the name of the person years the union has had more strikes, paid with a threatened march on the president­ scientists."-News item in the New York who placed a "We Won't Go" ad in the out more benefits, and won more bargain­ ial palace, the Peruvian government Post. paper last year. The editors refused to ing gains than in any previous four-year decreed that titles should be issued to the give this information to the FBI and were period. He said "militancy has paid off slum plots occupied by squatters who ring TRAINED BY CIA?- One gang of Cu­ backed by the more than 2,400 students with resurgent union growth" and went on the city of Lima. Reporting on this, Juan ban counterrevolutionaries in Miami who signed petitions circulated by Students to pledge more of the same in the future. de Onis of the New York Times said bombed the headquarters of another and for a Democratic Society. The Resistance, In Denver, W. A "Tony" Boyle told the some people see these slum encampments issued a press release so announcing. They Young Socialists for Halstead and Boutelle. UMW convention that hard times for the as "social sores" to be eradicated. But, he were apparently unaware that the target and the Penn Vietnam Week Committee. coal industry were over, that there is in­ added, a growing number of "urban group had been evicted from the bombed These organizations, together with the Coa­ creasing organization and that prospects specialists" now see them as a "practical building some weeks previously. lition of Democratic and Independent for a substantial settlement in current bar­ and financially sound response to the Voters, sponsored today's demonstration. gaining are good. need for low-cost housing... " Why not FOR THE UNDERGROUNJJ( -"So­ The speakers at the rally demanded that It will be most interesting to see what just have them dig caves? That's an even viets to build Prague subway."- Headline the FBI and police agents not be allowed comes. better deal. in the Daily World. on campus. - Marvel Scholl IT FIGURES-Robert Ehrler, accused OBVIOUSLY-Desertions from the Sai­ ------clip and mail ------of slaying a 12-year-old girl in Florida, gon army passed the 50,000 mark during gave himself up to police in Phoenix, Ari­ the first six months of this year, as com­ zona. Arizona authorities said he was pared to 40,000 in the same period last heavily armed with guns, tear gas and year. Pentagon specialists said this in no hand grenades he had obtained as a mem­ way suggested a drop in morale. Special to New Readers ber of the Green Berets in Vietnam and of two different Florida police forces. THE WAY WE LIVED THEN -Mrs. Etienne Boegner of Old Westbury, L. I., YOU CAN HEAR A CHECK DROP­ If you would like to get better acquainted with THE MILITANT, you recalled for a society reporter what it was A midtown Manhattan restaurant will fea­ may obtain a special, introductory four-month subscription for $]. (If like in the old days: 'We had seven houses ture serve-yourself-in-silence breakfasts. (Palm Beach, Tallahassee, Cape Cod, Vir­ you're already sold on the paper, you can help out by sending a reg­ Juice, coffee and rolls. $3. ginia, Old Westbury, New York, and a ular one-year subscription for $4.) salmon fishing camp in Canada), and HIS THING-Mainbocher, a fashion everything was perfectly organized. There designer whose items never go below were two chauffeurs, 14 servants, a secre­ $1,000, refuses to discuss price on the 0 Enclosed is $1 for a 4 month introductory subscription. tary, handyman, and I don't know how assumption that any woman who appre­ 0 Enclosed is $4 for a 1 year regular subscription. many gardeners. Everysummerwe'djump ciates his designs can afford them. "I must on a boat to England with three cars, a do what I believe," he says. "It's my res­ chauffeur, maids, governesses and a valet. ponsibility." NAME It was the way everyone lived in those days, if they were lucky." NO CONTEST- There was no need STREET for computers to tally the vote in Little SEXLESS CENTER? -"LOS ANGE­ Rock and Glyndon townships, Minnesota, CITY .• . STATE . ZIP LES- Childhood sexual conflicts might during recent state primaries. In both town­ be related to the development of extremist ships not a single person bothered to cast right- and-left-wing political behavior, a ballot. Send to: The Militant, 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003 according to the tentative conclusions of -Harry Ring Friday, October 4, 1968 THE MILITANT page 11 Cuba Today (IV): Escalante and foreign policy

By Harry Ring This is the last of four articles on Cuba today. The author spent three months in Cuba at the beginning of this year.

Ultra left and Stalinist opponents of Cuba in various countries have joined in assail­ ing the Escalante prosecution as a new "Moscow Trial." This charge that Escalante and his associates are victims of a political frame-up similar to the monstrous show trials staged by Stalin in the 1930s is a bit ironical when voiced by such organs as l' Humanite. This is the organ ofthe French Communist Party, which is notorious for its consistent, unblushing refusal to recon­ sider its shameful defense of Stalin's crimes. There is no objective basis for lumping together the Moscow Trials and the Escalante case. In the Moscow Trials, for­ cibly extracted "confessions" were used to frame-up revolutionary Marxists who had played a central role in the October Revo­ lution. These revolutionaries were painted as counterrevolutionary "agents of fas­ cism." In the Escalante case it was charged that a group of Stalinist reformists, with a long public record of the worst kind of bureau­ cratism and blind support to the Kremlin, had acted in a manner completely consis­ tent with their whole political past. They had asked that economic pressure be ex­ erted to compel Cuba to abandon its rev­ Photo by Harry Ring olutionary line and bow down to the Mos­ "THE LORD." Section of stained glass ceiling, a Ia Michelangelo, at Third World exhibit in Havana last Ja~uar:y. cow hierarchy. Exhibit was indicbnentofroleofimperialismincolonial world and powerful appeal for revolutionary struggle agamst It. There is, however, an aspect of the Es­ calante prosecution which, in my opinion, political factions. The error is compounded If members of a revolutionary party are And the crime is particularly odious in does warrant criticism- a legitimate criti­ when it is suggested that factional activity in serious political disagreement with the that they were trying to blackjack Cuba cism consistent with full support to the within the Communist Party is not only majority view on one or another issue, yet into abandoning one ofthe most significant Cuban Revolution, a criticism that would the subject for action by the party, but is are denied the right to promote their view and positive aspects of its policies- its evoke little sympathy from the editors of also the basis for criminal prosecution by within the party in a regulated way, they commitment to the support of revolution­ l' Humanite. the state. will inevitably find other means of doing ary struggle against U. S. imperialism. The resolution concerning Escalante's A revolutionary party has the full right so. Just as ideas cannot be successfully The Cuban leadership, in my opinion, "microfaction" adopted by the central com­ to defend itself against a formation which suppressed in society at large, so they can­ made a serious mistake in endorsing- even mittee of the Cuban party and elaborated is not seeking to win the party to its ideas not be within the ruling party either. For very critically-the Kremlin invasion of in Raul Castro's report and in the presen­ but is acting as a tool of an outside force that reason alone, it is far better to estab­ Czechoslovakia. But the fact remains that tation of the prosecutor contained three dedicated to thwarting the party's revolu­ lish regularized norms to assure the sys­ up to this point, Cuba has made a big con­ general points as the basis for the trial. tionary objectives. tematic, organized presentation of minority tribution to the world liberation struggle The first was seeking Soviet-bloc inter­ But among revolutionary adherents to a views. by its persistent opposition to the counter­ vention to force a change in Cuban policy. revolutionary party, the right to dissent This enables the entire membership ofthe revolutionary policies of the pro-Moscow The second was that state and party docu­ and to try to change the party's political party to consider differing views in an CPs. ments, which Escalante had no right to position on any and all questions must be open, honest way and then arrive at adem­ have, were transmitted to him by members Anti-Stalinism assured if the democratic aspect of the ocratic decision for or against. It's more of his group. The third charge was that of Leninist concept of democratic centralism educational, more beneficial to the party, "proselytizing and furthering ofideological In the struggle for a revolutionary policy is to have any substance. and, in the long run, far less costly than divergences ..." in Latin America, Cuba has dealt devas­ And the right ofthose with minority views any futile attempt to proscribe dissident It was charged that the Escalante group tating blows to Stalinist reformism and to form factions within the party to pro­ ideas or their expression. And it is the free opportunism. It has aided greatly in deep­ had conducted itself as a faction, that it mote their particular views is one that was had reproduced and circulated literature interchange of ideas that is the only long­ ening the revolutionary understanding of guaranteed in the era of Lenin. range assurance of maintaining a correct, the movements in Guatemala, Peru, Co­ from the USSR and elsewhere that contra­ Throughout the history of the Bolshevik dicted and opposed various Cuban posi­ revolutionary policy. lombia, Brazil, Venezuela and other coun­ party, from its inception, through the per­ Again, this does not mean that a party tries. tions, and that members of the group had iod of the struggle for power and after, utilized various educational discussions to or state does not have the right to protect In the process of learning from each this right was assured and was used by a itself against the counterrevolutionary, gen­ other and from the Cubans, these move­ advance their views. whole variety of factions. Incorrect action uinely conspiratorial efforts of a grouping ments are acquiring a deepened under­ True, during the moments of extreme like Escalante's. In my opinion the Cuban leadership was standing of the nature of Stalinism. They peril for the revolution, at the end of the I think the Escalante trial was justified wrong to include these points as a basis are learning the crucial lesson that the exhausting civil-war period, the right to in that it served sharp notice on the Krem­ failure of their own CPs to support armed for criminal prosecution. Regardless of in­ form factions within the party was tempo­ tent, it can only be construed as making lin that interference in Cuba's internal af­ struggle is not a localized aberation but rarily suspended. And Lenin made it abso­ fairs will not go unchallenged. I also think, the concrete expression of a continentally the promotion of ideas a criminal offense. lutely clear that this was a strictly tempo­ however, that the issue would have been and, indeed, worldwide counterrevolution­ This is a concept that is totally alien to the rary measure dictated by theextremegrav­ principles of socialist democracy. more clearly defined and its international ary policy of the parties committed to ap­ ity of the situation. impact greater, with most doubts removed, plying the Kremlin's treacherous, class­ The Cuban party and state certainly have Stalinist dogma the right to protect themselves from the if the issue of promoting dissident views collaborationist policy of "peaceful co­ It was only when Stalin came to power had not been brought into the prosecution. existence." counterrevolutionary efforts of the Mos­ and began the process of destroying the cow bureaucracy as implemented through Politically consistent These experiences, in turn, are helping socialist democracy established under It is perfectly plain that Escalante and to deepen the revolutionary consciousness such a formation as the Escalante group­ Lenin and Trotsky that factions were de­ his cohorts were guilty of the actual crim­ of the Cuban people. Che Guevara is a ing. And to declare that such a grouping clared permanently abolished. A standing inal charge. The charges, as I have indi­ genuine hero in Cuba. His picture is to be would not be permitted to function within ban on factions within a party is a Stalin­ the Cuban Communist Party would be an cated, are consistent with the public political seen everywhere on the island. And along ist dogma-not a Leninist norm. record of the group. No one has seriously with it, most frequently, his declaration, entirely justifiable stand, particularly in the The right of those with differing views to argued that their admissions of guilt were "... make two, three, many Vietnams!" context of Cuba's acutely difficult situation. form factions is not only consistent with forcibly extracted fabrications. Nor is the slogan repeated as mere rhet­ But it is a violation of Leninist norms democracy. It is also, politically, an emi­ oric. There is genuine popular support to proscribe minority views and legitimate nently practical concept. Moreover, a whole number of East Ger­ man, Czech and Soviet figures were specif­ among the people for the Cuban regime's ically named in Raul Castro's report. All revolutionary policy for Latin America, of them are outside Cuba. To my knowl­ and there is a deep, passionate sense of edge, none of them has denied the charges, solidarity with the Vietnamese revolution. 3 KEY SPEECHES BY FIDEL CASTRO nor have the governments involved. An example: At the height of the milk But, some might argue, is it really a shortage in Cuba last March a rumor criminal offense for people in one noncap­ Fidel Castro denounces Bureaucracy and Sectarianism .SO cents swept Havana that longshoremen had re­ italist country to seek support for their fused to load milk for Vietnam. A friend ( 1962 speech against Escalante) views in other noncapitalist countries? commented that what was interesting about If that were all that was involved, the this particular rumor was that each per­ answer, clearly, would be, no. It might, at son that passed it on expressed shock. A few days later Fidel dispelled the rumor The Revolution Must Be a School of Unfettered Thought .20 cents one point or another, even be a necessity and a duty. in a speech. He said no such incident oc­ (1962 attack on falsification of history) But the incriminated individuals were curred, that in fact Vietnam had never re­ not simply seeking ideological support for quested milk from Cuba. their particular views. They sought- and However, he added, if Vietnam should Those Who Are Not Revolutionary Fighters Cannot Be Called apparently not without success as indicated request it, Cuba, despite its own needs, Communists .SO cents by Moscow's refusal to sell Cuba needed would send that milk. oil-to have the Kremlin use its economic From everything I saw during my three ( 1967 polemic against leaders of Venezuelan Communist Party) power to bring the Cubans to their knees­ months in Cuba, I am convinced that such to compel them by crude economic force an action would have the full support of NY State residents please add 2% tax; New York City 5% to abandon their policies. This is certainly a big majority of the Cuban people. a crime, on national-democratic grounds To me that is one of the most inspiring MERIT PUBLISHERS 873 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10003 as well as from the viewpoint of revolution­ aspects of the Cuban Revolution. ary socialist principles. (End of a series) page 12 THE MILITANT Friday, October 4, 1968 Anti-Humphrey protest N.Y. school shutdown 5,000 protest planned NEW YORK, Sept. 26-Nearly 5,000 The rally had been sponsored by the angry people, overwhelmingly black and city's Council Against Poverty and the Puerto Rican, jammed Manhattan Center New Coalition, an opposition group within for N.Y., Oct. 9 last night for a meeting protesting the the UFT that has opposed the strike and United Federation of Teachers' strike, now supported the demand for black and Puerto in its third week. The teachers' strike, while Rican community control. Virtually every painted by UFT president Albert Shanker local community group in the city took part as an action in defense of "due process" in the rally, including the Black Panther and against "mob rule" in the schools, is Party- which was cheered by the crowd. in reality an attack on the right of the black More than 30 speakers denounced the and Puerto Rican communities to control racist character of the UFT strike action. their .own schools. Shanker refers to black Especially warmly received were Rhody and Puerto Rican parents as a "mob." McCoy; the Rev. C. Herbert Oliver, chair The morning of the rally the city board man of the Ocean Hill- Brownsville gov­ of education had ordered the local govern­ erning board; Luis Fuentes, a principal of ing board of the Ocean Hill-Brownsville one of the Brooklyn schools; Herman school district in Brooklyn, a predomi­ Ferguson, victim of a racist frame-up in nantly black district, to accept the return Queens last year on a phony charge of of 110 teachers who had been transferred plotting to assassinate "civil rights leaders"; out of the area by the local board because and Milton Galamison, a black spokes­ of their reported opposition to community man who was recently appointed to the city control of the schools. These teachers have board of education. become a symbolic issue in the dispute. Galamison said he would "not be used The crowd at Manhattan Center gave a by Shanker to sell-out black people." ALBERT SHANKER. New York standing ovation to Rhody McCoy, the A speaker for the teachers opposing the teachers' union head has led UFT black administrator of the embattled strike, Jeff Mackler of the New Coalition, into reactionary strike against black Brooklyn district, when he declared, "Shan­ declared, "The UFT claim that it is fight­ and Puerto Rican communities. ker wants to humiliate the black commu­ ing for due process is fraudulent. More nity, he wants us to crawl. But we will than 2,800 teachers were 'excessed' last never crawl! We will not be humiliated!" .June, not rehired, and the UFT never said a word. The UFT spent $500,000 oppos­ ing all proposals for decentralization of the schools. It is clear that the real issue Boutelle opens nationwide is black and Puerto Rican control of the NEW YORK-A massiveturnoutofanti­ schools." war demonstrators is expected to greet Mackler urged that no trust be placed in Hubert Humphrey when he comes here any city or state officials to protect the Oct. 9. He will be the principal speaker at tour in Pacific Northwest rights of black people. It would be a mis­ a Liberal Party dinner that evening at the take, he said, to call for the use of the Americana Hotel at 7th Ave. and 52nd St. strike-breaking Taylor law against the The Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade By David Herman campus press and on local TV and radio UFT as had been suggested by members Committee is organizing to mobilize its PORTLAND, Ore., Sept. 25-Although stations. In addition, Boutelle was a guest of the Council Against Poverty, as it would constituent organizations and their sup­ state universities here are not yet in ses­ on the most popular radio "talk show" in set the precedent for the government step­ porters for the demonstration. sion, Socialist Workers Party vice-presiden­ Portland. ping in to smash strikes and also the ac­ The New York Student Mobilization tial nominee Paul Boutelle spoke to almost During the tour, SWP campaigners en­ tions of the black community. Committee to End the War in Vietnam 1, 000 people at four campuses in the Port­ rolled 20 Portlanders as endorsers of the The meeting strongly supported the de­ announced an extensive campaign of leaf­ land area during his three-day tour that socialist campaign. mand for the immediate opening of all city leting and other publicity on the city's ended yesterday. schools and cheered descriptions by ad­ campuses to assure a maximum student Boutelle's first appearance was in the VANCOUVER, British Columbia- Paul ministrators and students of the smooth turnout for the action. Albina ghetto district. The meeting was Boutelle, vice-presidential candidate of the functioning of schools in ghetto areas, Humphrey has already been effectively chaired by Tom Wilson, a prominent black Socialist Workers Party, completed a suc­ where the strike has had little effect. New hit by the antiwar demonstrators who political figure here who is currently a cessful three-day tour here Sept. 21. Boutelle programs are being introduced in these greeted him in Boston, Cleveland and presidential elector of the pro-McCarthy addressed meetings of 600 students at schools to adapt them to the needs of the elsewhere. The turnout in New York is ex­ Fourth Party, and it received extensive Simon Fraser University and 400 students community, such as bilingual classes in pected to be the largest yet. coverage in Portland's major newspaper, at the University of British Columbia. Spanish-speaking areas. The Student Mobilization Committee at the Oregonian. Friday evening, Boutelle spoke to more A high consciousness of unity and pur­ its national conference in Chicago Labor More than 200 students heard Boutelle than 100 people at the Vanguard Forum. pose gave an exuberant air to the stand­ Day weekend decided it would organize at Pacific University. Pacific U's Black The audience included members of the ing-room-only meeting. Telegrams of sup­ actions against Humphrey, Nixon and Student Union sponsored his visit there, Native Alliance for Red Power, an orga­ port were read to the applause of the audi­ Wallace in the various cities where they and the meeting was chaired by the Union's nization of Canadian Indians. (The Al­ ence. These included a message from a appeared. A similar decision was made by president, Howard Storey. liance's Newsletter may be obtained for field representative of the Washington, D.C., the National Mobilization Committee to Boutelle next addressed more than 300 $1 for 6 issues from N alive Alliance for Federation of Teachers. Luis Fuentes re­ End the War in Vietnam and by the New students, including some 60 high-school Red Power, Box 6152, Vancouver 8, B. C., ceived a standing ovation when he read a York Parade Committee. students, at Oregon State University in the Canada.) moving quote from Malcolm X. In anticipation that some of the appear­ Portland suburb of Corvallis. The meeting ances here of the three candidates will come was sponsored by the Student and Faculty on little or no notice, the Parade Committee Committee to End the War in Vietnam, has asked antiwar activists to check regu­ with Floyd McFarlen, professor of eco­ larly b:v phoning the committee's Dial-A­ nomics and chairman of the Student and Demonstration service. The number is 924- Faculty Committee, presiding. Threats by brass spur Gls 6315. At Reed College, 150 people came to hear the socialist candidate, and at the University of Portland, a Roman Catholic Berkeley students school, Boutelle spoke to more than 200 to build S.F. peace march students. In addition to the story in the Oregonian, demand Cleaver the tour received extensive coverage in the By George Johnson Monterc~·. Hamilton Air Force Base, and SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 25-Gls are other West Coast bases are planning to responding to threats by the brass to join the march. crack down on the Oct. 12 Gl and Vet's Servicemen on their wa~· to Vietnam have lecture series March for Peace b~- helping to build the stopped in to take leaflets and stickers march. Each weekly organizational meet­ with them. Several have said they would BERKELEY, Sept. 24- Over 2,000 Uni­ ing at Sacred Heart Catholic Church here organize groups of (;ls in Vietnam (and versity of California students at a packed sees more servicemen than the last. other militar~· bases overseas) to support meeting here tonight unanimously voted to The Gis were attracted by leaflets and the march. demand that Eldridge Cleaver be allowed other publicity which used a message from This weekend Tusk Furce and The Ally, to teach a full series of classes this fall. The General Estes, chief of the Military Air­ GI antiwar newspapers, will publish edi­ meeting was called in response to a Sept. lift Command, to Ceneral McConnell, -Air tions carr~·ing major articles on the Oct. 12 20 decision by the university's board of Force chief of staff, asking that McConnell march. Both papers will be distributed regents limiting Cleaver to one class. "quash" the march. around the country b~- the Student Mobi­ The issue, which raises the same basic The servicemen also said thL'Y came to lization Committee and other antiwar questions as the 1964 Free Speech Move­ help build the action because of threats gToups in connection with publicity for ment, arose when the university invited b~- the brass to transfer three of the G I the Oct. 21-27 da~·s of protest. Eldridge Cleaver to give a 1 0-lecture series organizers of the march. Transfers to Utah Endorsements and financial support con­ in a sociology course on "Dehumanization had been ordered for Michael Locks and tinue to arrive. Robert McAffee Brown, and Regeneration in the American Social .John Bright, but the Air Force backed Stanford theologian, has agreed to speak Order." down after march organizers and lawyers at the rally after the march, along with The state senate passed a resolution took legal steps. Lieut. Hugh Smith, Gen. Hugh Hester, Ret., and former Green sponsored by the Birchites to censure the another organizer of the march, is under Beret sergeant Donald Duncan. The Bay university. Reagan demanded that the uni­ orders for Taiwan. Area Labor Assembly for Peace and Labor versity regents terminate Cleaver's appoint­ One of the Gis at last week's meeting· Leadership Assembly for Peace have en­ ment before classes start. The regents re­ said, "If the brass is all that worried, we dorsed the march. sponded with the Sept. 20 decision limiting must be on to a good thing." Sc' far, Gls Michael Locks, one of the G I organizers Cleaver to one appearance. from the Presidio of San Francisco, Fort of the march, is flying to Washington this The meeting tonight was called by the IN BERKELEY. Paul Boutelle speaks Ord, Knoll Naval Hospital, Travis Air week to seek congressional support of Associated Student Body, the university's on Telegraph Ave. last July 4. Force Base, Treasure Island, Presidio of G Is' right to free speech. student government.