- THE STUDE Vol. 3, No. NT 1 Issued by the Student VOI Nonviolent Coordinating CE Committee,197 1/2 Auburn Ave., Atlanta 3, Ga.April, 1962 TALLADEGA PROTESTS I Student Group Moves After Negotiations Fail TALLADEGA, ALA. - Be­ By Bob Zellner ginning with a march of 400 students and faculty mem­ TALLADEGA, ALABAMA - bers, Talladega Collegetook The stimulus for leadership a giant step toward freeing and effective social change their city of segregation. at Talladega College is found The march followed fruit­ in the Social Action Com­ less negotiation with Talla­ mittee (SAC) a group found dega Mayor J . L. Hardwick within the framework of the TALLADEGA STUDENTS PROTEST - Talladega College on April 5. The students ask­ college's Student Govern­ s tudents s taged a protest march against segregation on ed the Mayor to present plans ment. As the movement at April 6. Joined by some teachers from the school, the stu- 1 for integration of public faci­ Talladega has grown, the dents paraded around the Talladega Courthouse bearing lities in the city, and when concept that every student signs reading "We Want Open Libraries" - We Want Equal no plan was forthcoming, the at the college is a member Opportunity." Social Action Committee Chairman Dorothy group marched in protest. of SAC has grown also, and Vails is on the right, above, being inte rviewed by a re- The march was peaceful, and the original smaller com­ porter. Photo by Zellner. Mayor Hardwick praised the mittee is thought of a plan­ students and the Talledega ning group. SNCC Con-ference Slated I community for their c alm- Dorothy Vails, a native of J ness. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, is the . l A library sit - in staged chairman of SAC. She is a For A p ri 2 7 - 2 9 later in the day found the senior, and formerly attend­ doors of the public library ed Southern University in The third Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee closed. The librarian said Baton Rouge, La., but was Conference - scheduled for Atlanta April 27 - 29 - promises that she had been alerted by expelled after anti-segrega­ to be the biggest and best yet. police five minutes before tion protests there in 1960. At two previous SNCC con- . the demonstration and told to Although the present de­ ferences _ one held in :Vas founded - and m Atl~nt~, close the door. monstrations were the first Raleigh North Carolina in m October, 1960, s1t-m Continued To Page 4 Continued To Page 4 April '1960 where SNCC leaders from all_ over the ' ' South met to discuss the future of the student pro­ "Anarchy" Charges Dropped Deputies Throw test movement. -- - --·- --~ This year's conference Against Freedom Riders will feature workshops on One Two SNCC Workers Voter Registration; Legal From Court Problems and Possibilities; Must Return To La. For Trial Direct Action and Commu­ ALBANY, GA - Sheriff's de­ nity Mobilization; Civil BA TON ROUGE, putied used force to segre­ La. - "Criminal anarchy" charges Liberties and Academic against one SNCC Field Secretary gate seating in Albany's have been dropped, but Su­ Freedom; The White two others must perior Court on Student return here to face trial on May 28. March 27. in the Protest Movement; Louisiana The deputies officials dropped charges of "attempting to over­ pulled SNCC Equal Rights throw Field in an Indus­ the government of the state" against SNCC Secretary Charles trial Society; Sherrod and the Mean­ Field Secretary Dion Dia- Ronnie Moore, head of the from the courtroom ing of Nonviolence. on his mond after he served 58 days Baton Rouge CORE group. back. Then deputies SNCC staffer pulled Robert James Mon­ in jail. SNCC Chairman Weldon Rougeau, vice­ Zellner, an sonis, who is coordinating SNCC Field Secretary, Charles McDew and SNCC chairman of the CORE group, and this year's conference, said Tom Hayden, Field Secretary still face the is under "trespassing and a free-lance that application blanks from writer from the room. anarchy charges, however. disturbing the peace" They 13 states have been received. also forced Danish The Baton Rouge Chapter charges. writer 150 students are expected Per Laursen from of the Congress of Racial McDew and Zellner were the "Ne­ for this year's gathering. gro" section Equality had been conducting arrested on February 17 in the rear of "Special emphasis is the courtroom, of anti-segregation demon- when they brought fruit and and dragged course placed on students Mrs. Hayden across strations here before the books to Diamond in jail. a row who have been involved in of seats and into arrest of Diamond on Febru- They were first held on va­ the hall. the protest movement," Zellner, Hayden, and ary 1, when he stepped on grancy char~es, but "crimi­ SNCC Chairmen McDew L aursen were in court the campus of Southern Uni- nal anarchy • charges were to said, "but we welcome any­ versity. "Anarchy" charges Continued To Page 2 one to the conference." are still pending against Continued To Page 2

[IJ Page 2 The Student Voice April, 1<;?62 The Student Voice Page 3 ·--·----·--- Continued Fro,:, Page 1 practice of nonviolence. The THE AF:rtO-AMERICAN MARCH 27, 1962 students were inspired by SN(( Field Seel. Joan and her experiences in A Sad Day For The Leader Of The Free World Albany (Joan Browning, a here, students from the col- student at Atlanta's E mory lege have active before. Last University, was one of a team year about 400 students of SNCC Freedom Riders caravanned to Anniston and whose arrest in Albany, marched three a breast in Georgia on December 10, front of the Anniston Court 1961 touched off a week of House protesting the beating anti-segregation demon­ of a Talladega student and strations.) The students the school's driver. Thestu- seemed r eady to move. LOUISIANA'S dent who w·as returning to the campus from West Pal,m Continued From Page 1 CRIMU.JAL ANARCHY Beach, Florida, was beaten by several white men after DEPUTIES CHARGES .AGAINST he tried to use the "white" waiting room at the station. answer charges of "breach 8 STUDEtJTS FOR . Mr. Lawler, the college dri- of the peace" and "obstruct­ ver, was also beaten. One ing traffic" brought against man was held for the attacks, 'RE'ADING. BOOKS 0 them on December 10, 1961, WHITE HOUSE PICKETED - Members ofCORE NAG, and 1 requesting t:he release of students jailed on "criminal and it was during his hearing . when a group of SNCC Free­ SNCC march around the White House in Washington, D. c., I anarchy" charges in Baton Rouge, Louisi~__n_a'-·----- that the march occured. The dom Riders integrated the arrested man was released Central of Georgia Railroad SNCC Starts Book Birmingham's downtown because he had a traffic tic- from Atlanta to Albany. The merchants. A voter , NAG Plans May 17 ket from another town dated group was arrested outside registration drive is also I Drive For Miles being the same day of the beating. the train station by Albany conducted. During the march, a man policemen, who also ar­ The Student Nonviolent SNCC Chairman Charles Demonstrations 1n D. C. hit one student, James Cole, rested several bystanders. Coordinating Committee has McDew said that SNCC con­ WASHINGTON, D. C. - The Nonviolent Action Group begun across the face with a chain, Their arrests touched off a a "Books For Miles ducted a similar drive for (NAG) is currently planning demonstrations for May College" 12 breaking Cole's glasses. Po- week of anti-segregation de­ drive. students in McComb, Miss­ and 17, protesting the arrests of SNCC and CORE worke~s lice took the man into cus- monstrations that saw 73 7 Birmingham, Alabama issippi, after a student boy­ in Baton Rouge and in favor of seeingthe Supreme Court s tody, but he later appeared Negroes jailed. city officials recently re­ cott of a Negro high school fused decision outlawi_ng segre- people marched from Balti­ on the street. After the courtroom to allow the school to there. inci- conduct gated schools bemg upheld. more to Washington andpic- SAC raised about $800 to dent, SNCC Chairman a fund drive to raise Anyone wishing to contri­ keted defray legal and transporta- Charles McDew asked money for the library, teach­ bute textbooks, reference The NAG has been active the Justice Department er's salaries, in a demonstration tion expenses. Assistant Attorney General and laboratory works, or other material to in nation-wide protests or­ equipment. the drive may send them to called after the Baton Rouge ganized by NAG, CORE, and During the last school year Burke Marshall to protect taurel, Miss. · Group said that Talladega students ChamberheadJ. W. Miles College students and the Atlanta SNCC office, 197 arrests. They picketed tha SNCC. boycotted the riders. Wages Boycott West told the local bus the Laurel No_p­ other local groups are cur­ the Atlanta SNCC office home of Senator Allen J. NAG also presented a peti­ station, pro------violent Movement LAUREL, MISS. - The Lau­ that ''the rently waging a "selective 197 1/2 Auburn Avenue, At­ Ellender (0-La.) on tion bearing 1100 names to testing segregation there. RISM Chamber Febru­ The boycott cost Formed rel Nonviolent Movement be­ of Commerce buying campaign", aimed at lanta. ary 29, protesting " c ruel Justice Department offi­ them about doesn't have any _a._....:a:..__ .___,._--''------=- ·--·· $300 in gan a boycott of downtown power over and inhuman treatment cials, asking for the release additional transpor- PROVIDENCE, R. L. - downtown merchants." of tation expenses. The Rhode stores after attempts at ne­ High Court Upholds Halting Negro students" in Senator of these jailed in Baton Island Student The Laurel Nonviolent I came to Talladega foI Movement gotiation with the Laurel Ellender's home state. Rouge. (RISM) was form­ Movement has distributed my first visit on Saturday, ed at a Chamber of Commerce SNCC Worker's conference at the leaflets telling Laurel Ne­ Mississippi Trail March 3. I spoke at a student University of Rhode Island, proved fruitless. On March 13, members of SNCC. NAACP groes "Don't buy segrega­ WASHINGTON, D. C. - The Supreme freedom rally, and met with February 23--24. Lester G. McKinnie, SNCC Court has upheld NAG were joined by SNCC -SCLC. CORE, NUL Over sixty tion in downtown Laurel." the Federal Court's ruling that Mississippi's the executive committee of delegates from Brown Field Secretary in Laurel, prosecution Field Secretaries Charles In Vote Dr1ve Uni-. The leaflets asks that Ne­ of a SNCC Field Secretary was SAC. On Monday, I met with versity, Pembroke Barring­ Jones, Charles Sherrod, groes stay away from the aimed solely at intimidating The Student Nonviolent the student body again and ton, Providence and Rhode ing asking for court orders William Hansen, and Regi­ COAHR Contacts 600 downtown area until "you Negroes who Coordinating Committee is taught them Freedom songs. Island Colleges, the Univer­ want to vote. forbidding intimidation of nald Robinson in a sit-in at are treated like a first class The case involved one of five civil rights groups On Tuesday, Dr. Herman sity of Rhode Island, and A Day In Vote Push John Negroes seeking to vote in the office of United States citizen." Hardy, a SNCC Field cooperating the Voter Edu­ Einsman, a Talladega facul- the Rhode Island School of Members of Atlanta's stu­ Secre- Tylertown andforprevention Attorney General Robert F. tary, now a student at cation Project of the , ,ty member of SAC, and I Design met to obtain a com­ dent movement group, the Ten- of the Hardy trial. Kennedy. During a later sit- Jackson Movement nessee State A & I Univer- Southern Regional Council. i' 'came to a SNCC meeting in prehensive background on Committee on Appeal For Boycotts Russes, in at the Justice Department. The others are the ; Atlanta. discrimination Human Rights (COAHR) are sity in Nashville. Hardy was SRE Charts in the South hit on the head with a pistol - NAG members were forcibly NAACP, CORE, SCLC, and · I I returned to Talladega for and Rhode Island, and to currently contacting 600 Downtown Area 1 removed in wheel-chairs. On the National Urban League. people a day in an attempt by the Tylertown, Miss- Emp oyment '. the weekend of March 17 with I take steps toward immediate JACKSON, Miss - The Jack­ March 17, more than 300 The organizations will Joan Browning. We hadl action within the Rhode Is­ to register new voters. issippi vote registrar, when Housing Dr:ve carry son Nonviolent Movement is he accompanied two Negroes " out independent .voter several meetings and held land community against dis­ Charles A. Black, COAHR currently registration programs, but waging a selective to register. AMHERST, MASS - The Buffalo Groups classes in the philosophy and crimination in general. Chairman, said that the stu­ buying campaign and will make information re­ dent a boy­ Although Hardy was bleed- Students for Racial Equality group conducts a door­ cott of the city's garding their drives avail­ knock program busses. ing from the gun-wound on (SRE) at Amherst College Join NSMcc · every night. The Jackson groups able to the Voter Education COAHR also his head, Tylertown sheriff have begun an ambitious civil The Student Voice and the Student Nonviolent Coordi­ members suc- recently asked Mississippi's BUFFALO, NEW YORK - Project. cessfully integrated Craft arrested him, charg- rights program which in­ Buffalo nating Committee cannot continue without your contri­ 1 77 Negro teachers to State College, the SNCC Chairman Charles lunch counters support ing him with "inciting to eludes employment, housing, University butions. A donation entitles. you to all issues published at 77 Atlanta all civil rights organizations of Buffalo, and McDew said that SNCC would stores last year, and riot" and "resisting ar- schools, and social pro­ Buffalo State College this year. Make checks payable to: The Student Non­ has currently active in the state, have try to enlarge its existing completed negotiations rest," and threatened to beat blems. The student groups initiated an area violent Coordinating Committee, 19 7 1/2 Auburn the register to vote, and to coordina­ vote drives, and would try venue, Atlanta, Georgia. which should lead to integra­ the SNCC staffer. has also moved to establish ting committee of the Nor­ "give your students 0 to conduct registration cam­ tion of several a real The Justice Department ties with the Amherst Fair thern Student downtown basis for participation Movement Co­ paigns in other hard- core movie threatres. in a filed suit after Hardy's beat- Employment Committee. ordinating democratic society." Committee. Southern areas. The Student Voice April, 1962 The students dec ided to and for Diamond $13,500. march again, and issued a statement declaring them- Roy Wilkins of the NAACP, selves "in s uppor t of the James Farmer of CORE, A., Southern student movement Philip Randolph of the Bro­ in ats attempt to eradicate therhood of Sleeping Car discrimination and segrega-, Porters, Whitney Young or tion." They planned to hold the National Urban League, a praye r meeting around the and theologian ReinholdNei­ city hall, but when they left buhr joined in sending a the campus on April 17, 250 t elegram to 40 national strong, they were met by labor, civil rights, human city policemen and firemen. relations, church and s tudent f'IO\JH)\ I I The policemen threatened gro~ps asking for protests \ \ H'\llUl rwti them with arrest, and the agamst the arrests. DbCP. L. firemen pointed their hoses I .. GIVE: fOUll r.. at them. The combination of I Add1t1onal telegrams of -- u ,r.u rc. iO ALL t I fire trucks the beatings and I protest were sent by the , 'DEGA LIBRARY SIT-IN STYMIED - Talladega College[ sit-in jailings and threatened S_outhern Conference Educa­ ' students stand before the city library after finding in closed. , arrest for taking a walk t10nal Fund. They had planned to test the public facility. At the right! through town convinced the I - ---· ·--- ··- above ,is Dr. _Herma~n Einsman_n, faculty member of the students that they were not I SAFE Plans Holida school s Social Act10n Committee. Photo by Zellner. welcome in the town, so they I Y Continued F rom Page 1 men that the college planned returne~ and initia_ted an Freedom Ride In Md. d M .no disciplinary action a- econmo1c boycott agamst the .. Stu ent Group ove~ gainst the demonstrators. entire downtown area. I PRINCESS ANNE, Md. - On April 9, however, 18 Later,, the students a- Members of the Student Ap- students and Dr. E. W. Mc- dopted a hit-and-run sit-in Continued From Page 1 peal For Equality (SAFE) Nair, chaplain of the college method. During one sit-in, "Anarchy" Charges are planning Easter Holiday and professor of religion, in which the students took Freedom Rides to Princess were arrested during sit-ins lunch counter seats, were added later· At their arraig- Anne, home of Maryland at three drug stores. Dr. refused, and left, one col- ment on March 13, they were State College. Arthur Gray, Talledegapre- lege students was attacked. charged with "being mem- Norris Sydnor, president sident, said he would sign by a member of a crowd of bers of the Student Nonvio- of SAFE, said that the holi­ bond for the demonstrators 500 people who watched the lent Coordinating Commit- day anti-segregation rides if they wished, but they chose demonstration. tee, an organization known may be the largest in the to stay in jail, where they A cross had been burned to advocate, teach, andprac- history of the nonviolent sang freedom songs. on the campus; Dr. Grayhad tice opposition to the govern- movement. 18 demonstrators were received annomous threat-. ment of the State of Louisiana SAFE has indicated that arrested on April 10, and a ening telephone calls; three by unlawful means." problems of discrimination Talladega white man was students had been fired at; "Criminal anarchy" car- should be solved within the jailed by police who charged one student was cut by white ries a sentence of ten years community. "However," him with pushing one of the teenagers riding through the at hard labor in Louisiana, SAFE President Sydnor said, demonstrators, Edward campus; bottles were thrown with little or no possibility "a nonviolent movement,· White, through a plate glass at Dorothy Vails and Joseph of release on appeal bond. such as the Freedom Rides,' window. White was also ar- Pegues; and Dr. McNairwas At one time, bail for McDew will take place soon unless rested. Dr. Gray told news- attacked in the jail. and Zellner was $7000 each, visual progress is made."

197% AUBURN AVENUE, N. E. ATLANTA 3, GEORGIA Bulk Rate U. S. Postage PAID Atlanta, Georgia Permit No. 784 Vol. 3, No. 3 Issued by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 799 1/2 Hunter St., Atlanta 14, Ga. Oct., 19;T' They lived In The Counties Churches Burned, Nightriders Attack SNCC Staff In Southwest Georgia Voter Registration Drive TERRELL AND LEE COUN- -~- ~~~'."""'"~~..... ------­ TIES, GEORGIA -- SNCC . workers from North and South spent a summer here in these rural counties liv­ ing and working with the people to increase· voter re­ gistr ation. For these young students, , the summer was one of threats, beatings, jailing-­ and inspiration. They worked on SNCC's Southwes t Georgia vote r registration project under the leadership of Charles Sherrod, a field secretary who first came to Albany in October, 1961, and was a participant in the original demonstrations which touch­ ed off the Albany Movement. One half of the Southwest Geor gia project was located in Terrell County - - called "Terrible Terrell" by local residents. This county was the scene of the first pro­ secution of voting violations - under the Civil Rights Act of 1957. There Ralph Allen, a white student from Massachusetts, was arrested for vagrancy JOINING HANDS IN PRAYER Albany citizens and SNCC voter regis tration workers stand along with Sherrod when the at smoking ruins of Mt. Olive Baptist Church in Sasser, Ga. hours after it was set on two brought a group of Ne­ fire. SNCC workers, from left to right: Jack Chatfield, Ralph Allen (fourth from left), groes to the Terrell County and Prathia Hall (extreme right). Courthouse to register. r--~~~~~~~~~--~""'T'------~--~--~------~------~--~~--- Allen and Joseph Pitts, a living like they have for the whites and police officials sit-in. young man from Albany, last hundred years." who said they would "throw For weeks the students de- were beaten . her in the swamp." She and pended on cooperation with by whites as they In Lee County, a group of 1 1 N · d went to speak to Joan Maxwell were stopped oca egroes m or er to Negroes in young women lived and work- A · th · k Dawson, Ga. about register­ numerous times by police eat. t times ey pie e d ed. They were Penny Patch, and intimidated in the midst squash and cotton to earn ing. Allen was unable to se­ a white student from Swarth- cure of their canvassing work. money for food. They paint- warrants from police more College, Kathleen Con- d h d authorities in order to pro­ Peggy Dammond reported e ouses an ran errands. secute his assailants. well, a Skidmore College threats to bomb the home in They wrote up a special student, Peggy Dammond, · f Th d On July 27, asSherrodand which she and other girls issue o e stu ent v oice now at Boston University, f d" b h other SNCC workers held a Prathia Hall, a theology stu- were living. or istri ution in t e Al- meeting at Mt. Olive Baptist dent from Philadelphia, and Miss Patch later attempt- b~~y-~erre~l-Lee com~u­ Church in Sasser, Ga., Ter­ J oan Maxwell, a student from ed to register at Albany State ' mties _m w~uch they describ- ed their plight: l'ell County Sheriff z. T. Albany, Ga. College ( a predominantly "W d th th Mathews entered with They canvassed door-to- Negro school) but was re- e O no ave e money several gun-toting, swearing door, spoke to local citizens fused because of previous to pay for gas or wear and deputies and threatened the urging them to register, took civil rights arrests. She had tear. We can see no other crowd. In a front-page story, them to the county court- been arrested in Albany Ga wa_y out than to attempt. to . . ' • raise money by washing . New York TIMES reporter house, and had weekly meet- when an interracial group cars dishes floors and Claude Sitton quoted the ings in county churches. attempted to receive ser- wind~ws cutting gras~ or Sheriff as saying, "We want Miss Patch was threaten- vice at Albany's Holiday Inn, ' ' our colored people to go on ed several times by local and once in Maryland on a Continued on page 2 •

The Student Voice October, 1962 October, 1962 The Student Voice P age 3 But local Negroes and the More Than A Documentary Southwest Georgia SNCC workers who remain­ ed at the end of the summer Continued from page 1 vowed to continue the drive despite the terror and the Freedom In The Air "An Inspiring Album," Says Chronicle any other chore around the intimidation. house. We do not have money Sherrod commented, "We for trans po rt a tio n in met in a tent on ground which FREEDOM IN THE AI R is the nam_e of a docu~ent~ry FREEDOM IN THE AIR, a SNCC documentary, with ori­ general, into anct from these has been cleared off for the album,. produc~d by the Student Nonviolent Coor?i~atmg ginal idea and field work by Guy Carawan, and produced by counties. Then there is the rebuilding of the church. We Committee, which tells the story of Albany, Geor gia m the Carawan and Alan Lomax can be obtained for a minimum problem of room and board had about fifty people from voices and songs of the participants themselves. . contribution of $3.98. ' for about twelve people as Albany. Six months ago, The San Francisco Chronicle of Sept. 23 called it an Each contribution entitles you to a subscription to THE the summer progresses. maybe less or more, you "inspiring album," and the Chronicle reviewer went on to STUDENT VOICE, which tells of our work in the South and "But then, problems are couldn't have paid these sar.= . . . the work of other s tudent and action groups. to be solved. We ask for people of Albany enough to I know of no more moving statement of the situation m we are asking you to help us not for us or for you not your prayers and a strong PRATHIA HALL (left), points to bullet holes in front come to Dawson, Sasser, or Al_bany, in all its horror and its glory, a:'ailable tod~y t~an only for today -- but fortommo'row, andfu(ure tomorr~ws, conviction to act as a screen door of Mrs. Carolyn Daniels' home, where shoot­ anywhere else in Terrell this album ~;oduced by the Student Nonviolent Coordmatmg so that all of humankind can walk free, stand upright, a1:d Christian must. We are not ing occurred in Terrell County. At right, Jack Chatfield County. Committee. live the way hu!Tlan beings CAN live. supermen. We are only young (foreground) displays bandaged arm. Sitting next to him But FREEDOM IN THE AIR is even more than a docu­ people with a determination is Chris Allen, a student from Oxford, England, who was "But something has hap­ mentary, even more than a living document to the faith and to be FREE and to be FREE also grazed by bullets. pened here in Southwest courage of the Negro citizens in Albany, Georgia. It repre­ NOW!" Georgia which has a good sents to us the means by which we will be able to continue chance of becoming the pat­ our program in the South. FREEDOM IN THE AIR In August, four Negro At the end of the month gistration drive, reported 24 Churches in the area were and in early September, bullet holes in his house. tern for our grand strategy As you have read in this special STUDENT VOIC E, we burned to the ground, includ- nightriders shot into the Jack Chatfield, a white stu­ in the South. And so we go are engaged in voter registration and direct action pro­ docu:~ntary ALBANY, GEORGIA 19:c;··· ing the Mt. Olive Church in homes of those involved in dent from Connecticut, was about our way feeling in the grams in the hard-core areas of the Deep South, where featuring ''The Eagle Stirreth Her Nest" Rev. Ben Gay 1962 Sasser. SNCC pledged aid in the voter registration drive. shot twice in the arm. Chris­ darkness for the best way, fear and terror are real, and in places like Maryland and OR!ClNA.l 1D£A & FtELP WORK - GUY CAffAWAN PROOUC£0 BY AlAN l OMAX & GUY CARAWAN rebuilding the churches, and J'ames Mays, a Lee County topher Allen, a student from always to curtailed by lack Southern Illinois, where the oppression is just as real. donated a cent which was used teacher who had been fired Oxford, England, and P rathia of funds. And the world Our field secretaries do not receive "salaries." They for meetings in place of the from his job for his parti- Hall were both grazed by the listens and looks on, wonder­ get "subsistence" funds, which range from $40 per week destroyed buildings. cipation in the voter re- bullets. ing." to $15 - - when this is available. They have picked squash, cotton, washed windows and instance of lawlessness de­ painted houses - - not only to be good citizens, but to eat. s igned to protect the segre­ We are not asking for munificent funds for lavish equip­ gated power structure and to ment: we are asking for funds to feed and clothe those Registration Efforts In Mississippi intimidate voter registration students who believe in mankind's best dreams enough to workers and potential r isk their lives every day. voters." As you have s een on these pages, our field secretaries Continue Despite Violence And Terror CBS presented a network have been beaten, jailed, threatened, stabbed, intimidated, program on the Mississippi shot at - - and some have had to flee their own offices to avoid being lynched. CLEVELAND, MISSISSIPPI­ voter registration efforts on _ Both were taken to the ership Conference, that "We Sept. 26 entitled "Mississippi The Georgia churches they met in were burned down, one A wave of terror has swept hospital, one reported in don't need no outside agita­ and the 15th Amendment." by one, so they are now meeting in a tent 'Jn the rubble Mississippi in the wake of critical condition from head tors coming in here, stirring where the buildings once stood. Moses, who aided the CBS ' Negro citizens' attempts to wounds. up the people, and confusing They will continue to work to change the South, so that "' register to vote, Moses rep o rte d that their minds so that they can't teams in tne production of the program, and other SNCC in turn the whole country may be changed. I Robert Moses, fie Id economic reprisals had be- think straight." field secretaries, were But, they need your help. } secretary for the Student gun against Negro regis- An unidentified Negro man Nonviolent Coordinating shown accompanying regis­ trants in Ru 1 e vi 11 e. Two was killed in Goodman on trants to local courthouses. Committee, reported that cleaning stores operated by Sept. IO and found in the Big Despite the attacks on vo­ DOLLARS FOR DEMOCRACY voter registration drives Negroes were closed down Black River four days later ters and registration work­ were taking place in Rule­ for alleged "building viola- in a cloth sack weighted ers, efforts to register Ne­ PLEDGE CARD FREE DOM IN THE AIR ville, Cleveland, Greenwood, tions." Seven others have down with 100 pounds of groes in the State of Miss­ NAME ______A SNCC Documentary, $4 Donation Liberty, and other strong­ lost their jobs, rock. He was never identi- issippi were not halting and holds of segregation. Ruleville is in Sunflower fied and buried in Potter's would continue. NAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ And in these places, at­ County home of Senator Field. CITY______STATE______tempts to register were be­ James O. Eastland, chair- The murder occured 45 TELEPHONE ______CITY~-~~~-~~ STATE~~--~--- ing greeted by violence. man of the Senate Judiciary miles south of Greenwood, Talladega lniunction On August 17, Samuel Committee. The county has a and near the Tallahatchee I enclose $ for album(s) of FREEDOM Block, Luvaghn Brown, and Negro voting age population River where Emmett Till's Hearing Set For Oct. 8 IN THE AIR. I understand that purchase of this album en­ Lawrence Guyot -- all field of 13, 524 (out of a total of 22, body was found in 1956. TALLADEGA, ALA., -­ titles me to a subscription to the STUDENT VOICE. secretaries for SNCC -- had 309) and has 161 Negroes re­ Hearings begin here Oct 8 to I Pledge to Contribute (Enter Amount or Circle One) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee - 799 1/ 2 Hun­ to flee over the roof of their gistered to vote. Though no evidence was determine whether a tem­ $ $1 ( ) $5 ( ) $20 ( ) $50 ( ) $100( ) ter Street, N. W., Atlanta 14, Georgia. office when a crowd of white Moses and others were found that the murder was porary injunction prohibiting permonth ( ) quarterly ( ) to the Student Non­ men, armed with guns and arrested in Indianola, part of retaliation against "illegal" demonstrations Violent Coordinating Committee to help further the ropes, surrounded the build­ Mississippi at the end of cause of freedom in the South. the registration drive, it was issued last April 28 will be­ This is a high fidelity long playing record processed with the ing. Calls were made to the August for "distributin~ felt that this contributed to come permanent. Record of payment: most advanced of electronic engineering techniques. It is playable F .B.I. but no agent appear­ handbills without a license' the atmosphere of terror A battery of seven lawyers ed. when they were publicizing with any cartridg!', monaural or sterophonic. pervading the state. Holmes will defend those named in Month Date Amount .· Two young Negro girls, a voter registration meeting County, where Goodman is the injunction, a list which both students at Jackson that evening. All were re­ located, has a Negro voting includes Robert Zellner, State College, were shot by leased on bond. age population of 64. 7% of SNCC field secretary, Carl Manufactured by nightriders in Ruleville as The Chief of Police of the total and yet only 41 Braden, field secretary for Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, 135 Auburn Ave. N.E. they sat in the home of Mr. Indianola told James For­ Negroes are registered to the Southern Conference Atlanta 3, Ga. and Mrs. Sisson, both promi­ man, SNCC executive secre­ vote. Educational Fund, the Talla­ nent in the registration tary, and James Bevel, of Forman said, after the dega College student body drive, on Sept. 10. the Southern Christian Lead- murder, "This is another and faculty, and others. , ' Jge 4 The Student Voice October, 1962 Demonstrators Tear Gassed, But Cairo Nonviolent Freedom Committee Wins Opening Of Public Facilities In City CAIRO, ILLINOIS--Police here which began last June testers and several have sprayed tear gas into a crowd after the Student Nonviolent been beaten, of 200 Negro citizens here Coordinating Committee On June 22, Mary McCol­ on Sept. 27 who were pro­ voted to make the elimin- lum, field secretary for the tes ting three successive ation of segregation in Sou- Student Nonviolent Coordi­ days of arrests of young thern Illinois a Summer Pro- nating Committee, went with ' people picketing Banks' ject, Early in the spring, a group of Negro high school Wondermarket for fair four SNCC staff members students to get service at !employment. were denied service in Mack's Barbecue, a local · About 58 demonstrators Southern Illinois enroute to restaurant. When an angry were arrested for "parad­ Chicago. ' onlooker threatened a Ne- ing without a licens e." Seven Demonstrations have oc-. gro youth, Miss McCollum, of these remained in jail curred steadily since June. tried to intervene and was after demonstrations on At least 42 students were slashed on the thigh. She r e­ Sept. 24-27. One of these, arrested throughout the ceived twelve stitches. summer, and all publicfaci­ a young white man, Jim The Cairo Nonviolent had allegedly lities opened to the entire ed therefore Peake, a paraplegic in a ' Freedom Committee test "violated pa role," were im-, public, swimming wheel chair , went on a hunger restaurants, the prisoned in s tate reforma­ strike to protest the arrests. Yet i n the past weeks of pool, a local bowling alley · water has rink. tories. This incident was the demonstrations and roller Joyce Gilkey, a 16-year the pro- latest in a civil rights battle been sprayed on For sever al weeks the old, was handcuffed and taken CNFC kept up picket lines to Geneva State Reforiy1a­ d Roller Bowl THIS SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE STUDENT VOICE at the T-Woo tory. For 24 hours her wer e ar res ted gives a brief summary of events which occurred and several whereabout were unknown. have been unable to come there. The r ink finally The other teenager, Ernest during the summer. We closed. out with a regular monthly issue s ince June because Williams, 19, was held in of lack of fundc:. In order to come out on a monthly Trials for these ar r ested Joliet Reformatory afte r he basis , we nee c' ,•ur contributions, which also entitle during the summer were took part in demonstrations you to a suh . lption t o T HE STUDENT VOICE. supposed to have taken place at Mack's Barbecue. Please send y0t c donations to SNCC, 799 1/ 2 Hunter on August 31 but were then Observers here r eported Str eet, N. W., Atlanta 14, Geor gia. continued indefinitely. to SNCC that the summer NOTE: Voter Registration efforts of the Student A week later, the roller had been one of defeats and Nonviolent Coordinating Committee were promi­ rink opened to all customers, victories. While demonstra­ nently featured in the lead article of the Sept. 7 regardless of race. tors had been tear gassed, SATURDAY EVENING POST, We urge that you ob­ In August, two N e g r o all facilities in Cairo had tain a copy. juveniles who had taken part opened their doors to every­ in demonstrations here and one regardless of race.

t8L ·oN .. ,w,ad D!6.1oa~ 'o,1uo1,1y OIYd a60,1sod ·s ·n n1B.1oe9 'tl DIUDIIY a,1o11 111"8 . M'N '188.115 .IIIURH o/l 66l -----~======------___ THE STUDENT VOICE Vol. IV, No. 1 Issued by The Student Non-violent Coodinating Committee, 6 Raymond St., N. W., Atlanta, Ga., April, 1963 The Mississippi Sw,y SNCC Staff Jailed as Greenwood Negroes Register in "First Breakthrough" in Miss. GREENWOOD, MISS.­ Jones, Charles McLauren behind his spine. Eleven voter registration and Frank Smith. Travis, a native workers from SNCC - in­ In Atlanta, the SNCC office Mississippians and former cluding Executive Secretary, protested the arrests and Freedom Rider, is recover­ James Forman - were ar­ "intimidation of prospective ing rapidly. rested here and charged with Negro voters" to the United Robert-Moses, dire-ctor of "inciting to roit" State and "re­ Department of J ustice, the SNCC drive, and Ran­ fusing to move on" after the Civil Rights Commission Greenwood police turned a the Federal Bureau of In­ dolph Blackwell, field direc­ dog loose in a group of 150 vestigation and with several tor of the Atlanta-based Negroes on their way to re­ U. S. Congressmen. Voter Education Project, gister to vote at the LeFlore SNCC worker Don Harris were also in the car but not County Courthouse. who has been working in injured. Moses said, "We Nine of the SNCC workers Southwest Georgia but who were all inches away from were sentences to four answered Forman's call for being killed." months in jail plus a $200.00 additional workers, was also But there have been other fine. They have all agreed to jailed. shootings. On March 6, Samuel Block serve their sentences, The and Willie 18-month old SNCC Peacock, two SNCC rather than appeal "illegal program in field the state has secretaries, and two young JAMES TRAVIS charges for crimes we have provoked shootings, beat­ not committed." women from Greenwood, Es­ ings, burnings and daily• sie Broome (The Greenwood SNCC Forman said from the jail harassment and Peggy of SNCC staff Marye, were shot at by white office was set on fire March that "the Student Non-violent by whites, who grasp the 25.; most Coordinating assailants in another un­ of the registration C o mm i t t e e challenge of Negr o voter figures and workers in LeFlore tagged car. Windows were records were County registration, saved, but all office equip­ are determined to stay un­ smashed, but the four were James Travis, a 20-year ment completely destroyed.} til every eligible Negro is not injured. old SNCC field secretary Moses explained the sud- Last A registered to vote I" was ugust, Block and shot by three whites in den rash of attempted mur- three ot_her field secretaries In jail are: Lafayette Sur­ an untagged car on February ders when he described the had to Jump from a second­ ney, Lawrence Guyot, Curtis 28. A bullet grazed his Hayes, James increased voter registration· story window . when a white Forman shoulder, and another hit efforts Robert Moses, Will in Greenwood as "the mob, armed with guns, ropes ie Pea­ Travis in the back of the first real breakthrough in an~ pipes, . surrounded 1 cock, Bobby Talbert, James neck, where it became t~e lodged Mississippi." Just two days bm_ldmg which housed their prior to Travis' shooting, office. _ at least 150 Negroes had On F~bruary 20, four Ne­ attempted to register in gro busmesse~ were burned Greenwood within two days, ~o the ground m Greenwood, and are continuing to try to Just one bl_ock away from tfie~ register at the rate of 20 _SNCC office. Block state~ a day. .publicly that he thought ar- lsonists had meant to destr oy Special wrath has been 'it. Three days later Block. directed against Samuel ·was arrested on a charge of Block, who is in charge of I "circulating breach of the the Greenwood office, dis- !peace," which was later tributing food and clothing !changed to "making state­ to the 20,000 Negroes cut ments calculated to breach off welfare and surplus the peace.'' · government food rolls, (Le- What differentiated this flore County off i c i a 1 s from the usual harassment announced the resumption of against SNCC staff members THIS IS THE CAR where d·eath almosttriumphed. Jimmy the county food program on was the reaction of Green­ Travis, Robert Moses, and Randolph Blackwell sat in the March 20. However, SNCC wood Negroes, whoconquer­ front s eat as bullets were pumped into the car. Travis, the field staff said that even ed generations of fear to pro­ driver, received a shoulder wound; a bullet penetrated the when the program was test. At Block's trial, back on of his neck and lodged behind his spine. Doctors said operating, it was inadequate February 25, Negroes pack­ Travis would have died instantly if the bullet had entered to take care of Negroes who his body with a little more force. ·need helo.) Continued on naire 4 ( 3 ] Page 2 The Student Voice April, 1963 April, 1963 The Student Voice Page 3 S. W. Georgia Voter Program NEWS IN BRIEF Continues Despite Legal Losses CHICAGO, ILLINOIS -­ his family. Five state in­ Clyde Kennard, subject of a vestigators followed him LEE, TERRELL AND in 33 minutes by a 12-man, SNCC petition drive, is in from Montgomery to Mobile SUMTER COUNTIES, all-white jury on J anurary 25, Billings Hospital here after where his grandmother lay GEORGIA - - Twelve Negro Sherrod and other work­ cancer surgery. Kennard dying and harassed his and whit e field secretaries, ers cabled the President was released from Parch­ family through the wake and under the direction of after Short's acquittal, say­ man Penitentiary at the re­ funeral. Charles Sherrod, leader of ing that if the Justice De­ quest of Chicago medical Zellner' s Federal petition . SNCC's Southwest Georgia partment did not protect authorities who said they had charges that George C, Wal­ voter regist ration program, voter registration workers doubts for his life if he re­ lace, now Governor of Ala­ are continuing to register in the Southwest Geor gia mained in prison. bama, instigated his arrest voters here despite harass­ counties, " our blood will be Students at Tougaloo on January 8 for vagrancy ment and loss of a s uit on your hands." They also Southern Christian College one week before he took against a county official who protested the behavior of in Jackson, who had first office, against the instruc­ chased them at gunpoint. Justice Department lawyers, spearheaded the petition tions of then-Governor John John Churchville and Don who asked the m to say campaign, had collected Patterson. Harris, two wor kers in Sum­ "colored folk" instead of names from every state in ter county, were detained for "Negroes," sit segregated, the union, The SNCC drive ********** an hour by Sumter County and would not allow one netted several thousand law enforcement officials, young Negro woman fiel d ATLANTA'S MAYOR IVAN ALLEN (center ) meets with names. KNOXVILLE, TENNES­ fingerprinted, and threaten­ secretary, P rathia Hall, to some 400 students from the Atlanta University complex SEE -- Students fo r Equal ed with arrests for " va­ wear a hat in the court­ who staged a protest march from the campuses to the ********** Treatment, a student pro­ grancy" March 18. The two room. steps of City Hall March 14. Two s tudents had be.en arrested MONTGOMERY, ALA- test group at the University said that "over 80" Negroes Despite the legal s etback the day before at the Henry Grady Hotel after refusing to BAMA -- SNCC field secre­ of Tennessee, was enjoined had made registration at­ and the intimidation, the move when they could not obtain rooms. The students opened tary Robert Zellne's trialon in late February from pick­ tempts in the county in the gr oup continues to hold voter suitcases, r emoved pillows and blankets , and went to sleep "false pretenses" ended eting a cafeteria here in previous three week period. registration m eetings in DEMONSTRATORS BEING HERDED intopolicevanafter in the lobby. here February 28 with a groups of more than two be­ In August, 1962, D. E. each county, and are taking a sit- in at Cross Keys Restaurant in downtown Nashville Mayor Allen la uded the tradition of progress in Atlanta, hung jury. Judge Eugene cause of the danger of Short, a deputy town mar­ groups down to register March 5, On left, John Lewis, chairman of the Nashville and said he was glad to hear the desires of the students, Carter declared a mistrial. passerbys receivin~ pos­ shall in Sasser, shot at and each week. Some field secre- Nonviolent Movement, All 16 sit-inners, including a 61-year Picketing resumed on March 15 in front of the Henry State attorneys have notified sible "bodily harm. • Ma­ chased three SNCC worke rs old minister, were charged with disorderly conduct, re­ Grady, which is on property owned by the State of Georgia. Zellner they will retry the rion Barry, Jr., former out of Te rrell County. A taries use a red-white-and­ s isting arrest and conspiracy to obstruct t rade and com­ Students said, in a letter presented to Mayor Allen, they case in late May, when the SNCC Chairman and now Justice Department suit was blue bus to carry them merce. Lewis had led demonst rations at the same restau­ would "use every legal and nonviolent m ethod" at their dis­ Montgomery Grand Jury will head of SET, said, "We are filed against Short, who was throughout the Negro com­ rant during the SNCC Fall Leadership Training Institute in posal to achieve integration in the city of Atlanta, and said be in session. in no way guilty of the char­ accused of violating the munities, where they dis­ Nashville, Prior to the arrests, students had staged s it­ more demonstrations were be forthcoming. ges in the injunction. In my worke rs' civil rights. Short tribute voter registration ins and protest marches at the downtown (segregated) Z e 11 n e r has s u e d in opinion Judge Dawson was was acquitted of the charge material to cit i:z;ens. branch of the YMCA. Federal Court to restrain in error in issuing it." SNCC Confab Set Support SN CC the prosecution and end The Knoxville Civic Im­ harassment of himself and provement Committee, led Easter Weekend ------, by Avon Rollins, a SNCC Freedom in the air ''Rich with Immediacy,'' . coordinating committee, led 1n Atlanta, Ga . 48 Jailed In Pine Bluff sits-in ber, has sent down several The April issue of Har­ ing," and the New York thousand tons of food to dis­ per's Magazine says of Times, in a review by Ro­ ATLANTA, GEORGIA PINE BL U F F AND President Lawrence A. possessed Negro families in FREEDOM IN THE AIR, a bert Shelton, said, "the most The Annual Spring Con­ LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS Davis for their participation the Mississippi Delta, says Harper 's SNCC - produced documen­ effective documentary ference of the Student Non­ -- SNCC field workers, in in the sit-ins. tary on Albany, Georgia, recording to grow out of the violent Coordinating Com­ Arkansas since last October, Hansen reported that over " •• •the sound of protest can integration movement ••• " mittee will be held here April have helped to integrate most 48 persons - including SNCC ********** be heard alive and quick • .. " James Forman, SNCC 12-14. At least "300 stu­ public facilities in Little staffer Ben Grinnage - were FREEDOM IN THE AIR The review says, "It executive secretary, said, dents", SNCC spokesman Rock, and are now in Pine ar rested March 25, 27 and CAMBRIDGE, MARY­ (FREEDOM IN THE AIR) is " F REEDOM IN THE AIR is said, would attend workshops Bluff wher e continuous sit­ 28 during anti-segregation LAND - - The Cambridge docur::nta~ ALBANY, GEORGIA 19;';"' a 'documentary,' which not only a r ecord -- it is the and strategy discussions on ins at Woolworth's and Wal­ demonstrations. Nonviolent Action Commit­ fea tur ing "The E.1gle Stirrelh Her Nest'' Rev, Ben Gay 1962 means there are repetitions, means by which we are able the theme, "Emancipation green's are underway. White mobs have thrown tee is continuing a drive for ORIGINAl ID£• & FIHD WOil~ - GU¥ U,iMWl>."I PIIODOCr.D SY J,,L,\N LOMA! & GlJY CA.R.\WJ; N Most Little Rock and voices are mixed in with to raise funds independently Then -- Freedom Now," lunch bricks at demonstrators and fair employment practices in the music, but its materials to support our 50 part-and Students will be housed at counters, some hotels, some participants in mass meet­ Cambridge's retail stores. are r ich with immediacy and full-time s taff members:' the Gammon Theological restaurants, and a bowling ings here. Hansen has been This group, under the danger, It is called FREE­ Forman commented, , "In Seminary here for the Easter alley desegregated th e i r attacked several times, and l eadership of SNCC coordi­ facilities on January DOM IN THE AIR and you addition to raising funds to Weekend, While there is s till 2, 1963. the windows of the car he nating committee member No incidents occured and the can get it by sending a mini­ support our staff, we con­ time, representatives are and Grinnage were using Gloria Richardson, has also , desegregation was announc­ mum cont ribution of four s ider the record an excellent urged to write to the SNCC were smashed one night dur­ been engaged in the follow­ ed publicly two weeks later, dollars to the Student Non­ way of people from other office, 6 Raymond Street, ing a mass meeting. ing: a voter r egistration and Bill Hansen, and Ben violent Coordinating Com­ areas to hear for them­ N,W., Atlanta 14, Georgia, voter education program, Grinnage, and interracial a' mittee, 6 Raymond Street, selves, in on-the-spot re­ for applications to attend the MISS. STORY TOLD drive to increase employ­ SNCC team, movedfromLit­ N,W., Atlanta 14, Georgia. cordings, what the excite­ conference, A chronological listing ment for Negroes in city, tle Rock to Pine The standards set by reality ment and dignity of the Al­ Workshops are scheduled Bluff and of 64 acts of violence arid c ourity . and . sdi.te agencies were arrested there for va­ are sometimes higher than bany Movement sounded on "Southern Influence on intimidation aimed , at . (specifically in,the Sheriff's grancy just after they arriv­ we are entitled to." like," National Politics," "The SNCC workers and Miss­ office), a selective ed. About a week later, the buying FREEDOM IN T HE AIR SNC C field secretaries Hidden Structure and Social issippi Negroes is avail­ campaign aimed at Cam­ -~ two succeeded in organizing has received excellent came to Albany, Georgia in Action," "Negro Protest: A able for 7¢ in pamphlet bridge's stores. an attempt notices from the San Fran­ October, 1961, to set up a History," "Nonviolence: the first sit-ins in the his­ form from: tory of Pine Bluff. to integrate the Eastern cisco Chronicle, which call­ voter registration program, Past and Present," "Com­ The Committee for the Shore Mental Hospital, filing "' I On February 11, fifteen ed it "an inspiring album." and were ins trumental in munity Involvement," and Disi:ribution of the Miss­ complaints against local in­ '-·, ) The Reporter Magazine said, forming the A lbany Move­ "Problems of , the Move­ Arkansas AM & N s tudents issippi Story, Box 564, dustries with Federal con­ "powerful and exhilarat- ment. ment." were suspended by college .Atlanta, Georgia. tracts and other activities.

[3v] P age 4 The Student Voice April, 1963 Proiect Underway in Dallas County ; 20 Register SELMA, ALABAMA Three field secretaries, two of whom are a newly-mar­ ried couple, are completing four weeks here since they came to begin a voter r egis­ tration project, Bernard and Golia Lafay­ ette andFrankHollowayhave set up bi-weekly voter regis­ tration classes in Selma, and have taken trips to outlying districts in Dallas and Wil­ cox Counties, Th~ three_are teaching registration pro­ cedures to those who wish to register, and are instruc­ ting those already registered so that they will be able to teach others, Frank Holloway describ­ ed, in a field report, one of the communities they h ad found ip Wilcox County, call­ ed Gee's Bend: "This area, up until about 13 years ago, was the most backward ar ea in Alabama and probably the United States, The Negroes CROWDED, ISN' T IT ? In a j ail meant for 140 women, 208 Negro and white demonstra­ ii) Gee' s Bend were living in tors line up after 413 students were arrested in late February for stand-in demonstra­ the most primitive style, tions and picketing at a segregated movie theatre in Baltimor e . Students, primar ily from They knew nothing of running Morgan State College, but a lso from Goucher College and Johns Hopkins , demonstrated water, gas o r electricity or at the Northwood theatre under the leadership of the Baltimor e Civic Inter est Group, a automation in any form, They branch of the Ma ryland CIG, The theatre integrated voluntarily on March 6, and Negro were not allowed to come out students and members of the community saw films there the next day. On March 12, the . of Gee's Bend, Maryland State L egislature passed a state-wide public accommodations law. The cam­ " They were born, they paign against the Northwood Theatre caused one of the highest numbers of arrests in one lived and they died in Gee's spot s ince the s it-in movement began F ebruary 1, 1960 in Greensboro, North Carolina. Bend. Because of this they had to intermarr y among It still is a very backward thems elves,,. During this place, V ery f ew of the Ne- SNCC Staff s·its-·1n MISS. time the Negroes did not groes come out, Most of the Continued from page 1 live in houses but they act­ children do not attend school, ually H d J lived in little primi­ because they have to work in al owar . ed the courtroom tive to hear huts. The Federal t_he J j,eld~..,_Tue,r e.is...s.tilLl his-_ _ -Block refuse to accept Government - became- aware a marrying within their own A TL ANT A GEORGIA suspended sentenc of this situation e if he and built a family, Most of the people Staff membe;s of the Student agreed to stop his work, few houses, barns, etc . kn?w very littl~ about what;s Nonviolent Coordinating About 200 Negroes stood out­ • , • The situation in Gee's gorng on outs ide of Gee s C ommittee have a ttempted Bend today isn't much better. side, unable to get in, And Bend." several times to obtain ser- then they began to go down ------'------vice at a Howard Johnson's to register, restaurant here, but have been r efuse d. Field reports on the scene The attempts came after indicate that Negro share­ an initial try of staff mem­ cropping families are ba r e­ bers en route to Nashville ly existing, for the SNCC Leader s hip Training Institute Thanks­ Food drives conducted by s1uJoJ11a8 'sete8uv SO'J giving, F riends of SNCC in Chic ago, e•oN enuaAv oqap1 Qg9t1 All Howard Johnsons' the Southern Confer ence restaurants in the state of Educational Fund and CORE J9US0cI dltllt{d in Louisville, students t8L "ON .J!WJ.ld Georgia are segregated, in Ann Arbor, Detroit, D!6Joa9 'o,1uo1,1y despite a s tatement by the Los Angeles, firm's president that all and several other cities will QI Yd r e staurants a nd hotels would continue until cotton-picking a6D,150d "S ·n have to integrate in Atlanta begins again for the thou­ ::J,ID}J 111"8 -e1'.8.roa!) 'vl 'ElU'EllV if businessmen wis he d to sands of seasonal share­ •M. 'N "lS puowA'll'H 9 hold a World's Fair here, croppers,