NOVEMBER 8, 1974 25 CENTS VOLUME 38/NUMBER... 42

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Gov't covers ug crisis san • ' recesSion ens· See pages 3-5

·20,000 demand: Fi Puerto

.· ...... // / . . Proindependence rally at New York's Madison Square Gar- Rico • den. See pages 11, 12.

YSA suit demands halt to FBI spy plan/a Strategy for Black liberation strugglel1s Japan: 2 million say no to Ford visit/24 THIS WEEK'S In Brief MILITANT WOUNDED KNEE DEFENSE TO MEET WITH JU~ trade-union affairs; Carlos Arango, education director; 4 Auto workers speak out TICE DEPARTMENT: Mark Lane, a defense attorney · Enrique Flores, publicity director; Pepe Medina, liaison against massive layoffs in the Wounded Knee trial, told The Militant that he and with other organizations; and Antonio Rodriguez, legal 5 Unemployment: product some of the trial jurors will go to the U. S. attorney gen­ director. of profit system eral's office Nov. 12 to demand that the charges be Several of the new board members are leaders of the 6 YSA sues to stop FBI dropped against the remaining defendants. National Committee to Free Los Tres. Lane said that also present at the meeting and sup­ One of the new officers, Jacobo Rodriguez, told The spying porting dismissal will be representatives of the American Militant that CASA will continue to struggle against de­ 8 Colo. referendum to Civil Liberties Union, the American Lutheran Church, portations. A greater emphasis will be placed on seeking curb nuclear blasts the United Church of Christ, and the American Friends to involve Chicanos, mexicanos, and other Latinos in their 9 Dist. 1 militants back Service Committee. The chiefs of the Iroquois Confederacy places of work. And there is an effort under way to bring about a greater organizational cohesion among the Sojourner in New York State will also attend, Lane said. Eleven jurors and alternates signed a letter in Septem­ various CASA chapters around the country. Raza Unida wins union 10 ber urging that Attorney General William Saxbe meet support with them so that they could present their arguments U.S. PROTESTS SUPPORT IRISH FREEDOM FIGHT: 11 20,000 demand: Free for dismissal. Charges against American Indian Move­ Protests against internment and intolerable conditions in Puerto Rico! ment leaders Russell Means and Dennis Banks were dis­ British prison camps recently stirred massive protests across Ireland in sympathy with the prisoners. Protesters 15 Labor support boosts missed Sept. 16 because of government misconduct during also mobilized in New York City calling for an immediate Macmillan strike the trial. About 100 cases still remain, including some 70 per­ end to internment. 16 Strategy for Black sons charged during the Wounded Knee seizure and others One hundred people from the Irish Northern Aid Com­ struggle charged in related cases arising from arrests in Custer, mittee demonstrated Oct. 17 at British Airways, as did 17 S. F. labor mobilizqtion S.D.; Sioux Falls, S.D.; and Scotts Bluff, Nebr. 50 from the Joint Action Committee for Irish Political needed to stop 'Prop L' Supporters of the Wounded Knee defendants and those Prisoners two days la.ter. In another action against British repression in Ireland, 18 How miners strike broke in the other cases are urged to send telegrams demanding that the charges be dropped to U.S. Attorney General 80 people picketed the St. Paul Civic Center Oct. 14 to World War II wage William Saxbe. Copies should be sent to Jurors and Others protest the appearance of the Royal Welsh Guards. The freeze for Reconciliation, Commodore Hotel, 79 Western Ave., action, which demanded "British troops out of Ireland," 20 Boston: a history of St. Paul, Minn. 55102. was called by Irish Northern Aid and was also endorsed by the American Indian Movement, Socialist Workers segregation CINCINNATI BLACK ACTIVIST CONVICTED: James Party, Young Socialist Alliance, and the Selby-Dale­ 23 Kissinger-Brezhnev Hardy, a Black activist in Cincinnati who had been Powderhorn Freedom Brigade. plot counterrevolution charged with sending a threatening letter to Police Chief 24 Millions protest Ford Carl Goodin, was found guilty of the trumped-up charge ACLU SUES SOLEDAD: The American Civil Liberties visit in Japan and sentenced to 3 to 10 years in jail. Union Foundation has filed a lawsuit against Raymond The decision was handed down by Judge William Mat­ Procunier, director of the California Department of Cor­ 28 Vote to abolish Boston thews. Hardy had waived his right to trial by jury. rections, and W. T. Stone, superintendent of Soledad pris­ school committee! Acting as cocounsel in his own defense, Hardy showed on, for censoring a prisoner publication, On the Line. during his cross-examination of witnesses that the police The bimonthly publication is put out by the ACL U 2 In Brief and courts had conspired to frame him. and the Greater Watts Justice Center. It is sent free to 12 In Our Opinion Among those pledging their continued support to California prisoners who request it. It carries articles Hardy's defense effort was Charles Mitts, the Socialist about the state of the law concerning prison conditions Letters Workers Party candidate for Congress in Ohio's 1st C. D. and rights of prisoners. Articles and poetry about prison 13 National Picket Line life written by and for prisoners are also included. It By Any Means Neces­ was one such article that caused Soledad officials to for­ ITT HIDES CRIME BEHIND ART: Two hundred stu­ sary bid the 50 subscribers there to receive the spring 1974 dents opposed to the Chile~n junta picketed an ITT-spon­ edition. 14 The Great Society sored art show being held at Emory University in Atlanta. Women in Revolt The opening night of the show, Oct. 26, attracted many The article, "Soledad Inmate Hits Lock-down," was well-heeled Atlanta politicians and businessmen, who written by an anonymous Soledad prisoner. It dealt with The American Way of the conditions in the prison during a recent lockdown. Life dined inside while protesters demonstrated outside. Mem­ bers of the Atlanta Latin America Solidarity Group and Several state prisons were under tight security for several the Emory Lawyers Guild organized the picket line. months as an outgrowth of unrest in the prisons. Prisoners WORLD OUTLOOK were kept in their cells without rights or recreation. The 1 Operation 'Tar Baby': LAWTON, GARDNER DEFENSE WINS IMPORTANT last line read, "Power to those who seize it!" It was this sentence that the prison officials claim violated U.S. support to S. Africa VICTORY: Authorities in Riverside, Calif., have been forced to drop the frame-up charges against Zurebu Gard­ Penal Code Section 2600 in that it tended to "in- 2 How workers defeated cite violence." ner, one of two Black activists charged with the murder -NORMAN OLIVER Spinola coup of two white cops. Charges are still being pressed against 3 India: revolt of un­ Gary Lawton. touchables The charges against Gardner were dropped on the eve 4 World News Notes of an unprecedented third trial. The prosecution's case is so flimsy and full of contradictions that the first two YOUR FIRST' trials ended in hung juries. Meanwhile, Lawton's trial was postponed for the ISSUE? THE MILITANT eleventh time this year. VOLUME 38/NUMBER 42 NOVEMBER 8, 1974 BORAX WORKERS END STRIKE: Militant correspon­ CLOSING NEWS DATE- OCT. 30, 1974 dent George Johnson reports that workers at the Borax SUBSCRIBE Company mine and plant in Boron, Calif., voted 332 Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS to 86 on Oct. 24 to return to work after a four-month Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN TO THE Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING strike. The strikers, members of International Longshore­ men's and Warehousemen's Union Local 30, were forced Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., to accept the company's offer of a three-year contract, MILITAIT 14 Charles Lone, New York. N.Y. 10014. Telephone: with wage increases of 11.7, 7, and 7 percent in the three Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) Layoffs. Skyrocketing prices. Phony shortages. The Militant years. 929-34B6. Southwest Bureau: 710 S. Westlake Ave., tells the truth about what is behind the economic crisis Scabs are to have what Gene Pope, Local 30 secretary­ Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Telephone: (213) 483-2798. and how the labor movement can fight back. It provides Correspondence concerning subscriptions or chonges treasurer, described as "superseniority." They are to re­ weekly coverage of strikes, protests against job discrimina­ of oddress should be addressed to The Militant Business tain their current jobs, while strikers who had previously tion, and other struggles by working people. Subscrib-e Office, 14 Charles lane, New Yorlc, N.Y. 10014. held them are to be returned to a labor pool for reclas­ Second-doss postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ today. scriptions: .domestic, $7.50 a year; foreign, $11.00. sification. By first-class mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, The company can discipline workers for in-plant conduct $32; all other countries, >53. By airmail: domestic, without arbitration. It even has the right, under the new IntrOductory otlar-81/2 months Canada, and Mexico, $42. By air printed matter: Cen­ contract, to discipline workers for what they do off the ( ) $I for two months of The Militant. tral America and Caribbean, $40; Mediterranean Af­ job. ( ) $2 for two months of The Militant and three months rica, Europe, and South America, $52; USSR, Asia, Pacific, and Africa, $62. Write far foreign sealed air However, the workers did manage through the four­ of the International Socialist Review. postage rates. month strike to keep a union shop. ( ) $7.50 for one year of The Militant. For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then ( ) New ( ) Renewal posted from London directly to Britain, Ireland, and CASA SELECTS NEW BOARD OF DIRECTORS: The Continental Europe: L1 for eight issues, L2.50 for six Los Angeles-based antideportation organization CASA re­ ADDRESSNAME------______months, L5 for one year. Send banker's draft or in­ cently selected a new board of directors. The new officers ternational postal order (payable to Pathfinder Press) CITY ______STATE ------Zl P ------to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, London, SE1 BLL, are: Javier Rodriguez, president; Steve Hollopeter, vice­ England. Inquire for air rates from London at the president; Jacobo Rodriguez, general secretary; Rafael 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. I 0014. same address. Sanchez, treasurer; Bert Corona, director of labor and Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 Workers face massive layoffs as worldwide recession deepens By DICK ROBERTS On Oct. 29, 1929, 45 years ago, the bottom fell out of the New York stock exchange, ushering in a depression in the United States that spread throughout the capitalist world. Today, for the first time since the 1930s, the capitalist world is once again threatened by international de­ pression. In the United States a reces­ sion is deepening-it could easily be­ come the worst recession in the post­ war period- and around the world the economies of other leading cap­ italist nations are turning toward a slump. Business Week magazine spelled out the "global list of casualties" Oct. 26: "In country after country, the litany is the same: slumping sales, produc­ tion cutbacks, employee layoffs, liq­ uidity squeezes, and bankruptcies. Jobless lines in Detroit are growing longer. Democrats and Republicans offer no solutions for the more than five mil- Broadly speaking, the most dev­ lion unemployed. · astated industries are construction, autos, textiles, and consumer elec­ tronics. But the rot is spreading to news, but the "list continues swelling According to the Time article, Iran's to stress the real causes of the capital­ such strong components as chemicals, day by day," according to Business oil revenues could rise to $23-billion ist economic crisis. steel, and even capital equipment mak­ Week. in 1974. But the Rockefeller-owned In the first place is the inescapable ers, as demand begins to soften." Exxon alone had sales and assets capitalist business cycle with its pe­ The cumulative effect of a deep reces­ Blacks hit hardest of more than $25-billion last year riodic tendency toward overproduc­ sion in the United States and simul­ Black unemployment is increasing and they will be much higher by the tion. end of 1974. taneous downturns in the other ad­ at the "traditional" rate of nearly twice Recessions are fundamentally The attempt to picture Middle East vanced capitalist countries would be that of white workers. The U. S. La­ caused when more goods have been regimes as though they could dictate a world economic crisis on the scale bor Department reported Oct 28 that produced than can be profitably sold. policy to world imperialism is com­ of the 1930s. in the third quarter of 1974 the white Then production must be slowed and pletely false. Workers around the globe are al­ unemployment rate increased from 4. 7 workers must be fired. As the purchas­ As the Time article itself reveals, ready feeling the effects. Business Week to 5.0 percent, while the unemploy­ ing power of consumers declines, the a considerable portion of Iran's oil notes: ment rate for Blacks jumped from economic crisis deepens. revenues inust be invested outside that "e Fiat and Lancia, the Italian auto 9.0 to 9.5 percent. The unemploy­ It is precisely the accumulation of companies, are cutting production and ment rate for Black teen-agers was country, especially in the U. S. and huge inventories in auto and other in­ putting 71,000 workers on reduced almost two-and-a-half times that for Western Europe, because there are not dustries that underlies the layoffs go­ hours. The fallout among Turin auto white: 33.0 percent as compared to profitable markets in Iran, where ing into effect now. parts makers is likely to be fierce. 14.1 percent. most of the population still lives under The fact that interest rates have be­ "e Philips of Eindhoven, the Dutch As conditions for working people conditions of precapitalist poverty. gun to decline in the past two weeks electronics giant, is so worried about worsen the capitalists will seize every indicates that overproduction is be­ mounting inventories that it is firing opportunity to lay the blame some­ Just 'hired gun' ginning to be felt in the capital-goods or reducing the working hours of 6,- where other than where it belongs, The Iranian military forces have industries as well. Corporations are 000 employees around the world. namely, on the fundamental contra­ been stocked by U. S. and other for­ reducing their schedules for the con­ "e Nippon Kokan, a major Jap­ dictions of capitalism itself. eign war-goods manufacturers. There struction of new plants and equipment, anese steel producer, will cut produc­ Most ominous is their attempt to are several thousand U. S. technical which they finance through massive tion by 10% beginning next blame the world crisis on higher oil advisers living in Iran who play key borrowing. This lessens the demand month.... prices. The Nov. 4 Time magazine roles on economic and political levels. for credit, and interest rates decline. "e British Caledonian Airways, went to press with a front-cover illus­ Time admits that in the Pentagon the Boardroom Reports, a business in­ Britain's biggest privately owned air­ tration of the Shah of Iran and the Shah is considered merely a 'hired formation service for executives, notes line, last week sacked 14.5% of its title: "The Emperor of Oil." This when gun," whose job is to police imperialist in its Oct. 30 issue that orders for 5, 700 workers, suspended North At­ the real "emperor of oil" is a nominee interests in the Persian Gulf region. capital equipment are down to "about lantic service, and said it will dispose for vice-president of the United States! Such a regime is entirely subordi­ 60% of what they were a few months nate to the major imperialist powers. of six of its 19 short-haul jets. n ago." But this does not mean that these These figures indicate that the re­ powers are willing to give the Shah cession will deepen. With industrial U.S. conditions worst and other governments of oil­ production off for the third quarter But unemployment is rising most producing nations a free hand to set in a row it is more than likely that rapidly in the United States. Business world prices. the present recession will be the worst Week anticipates an unemployment On the contrary, they oppose any in the postwar period. level in 1975 of more than 8 per­ redistribution of wealth at all in favor The University of Michigan says cent. This would make the pres.ent of underdeveloped countries away in its current survey of purchasing recession the worst of the seven that from the imperialist centers. At the attitudes that consumer sentiment 'has have occurred since the end of World same time that U.S. rulers are com­ reached a substantially lower level War II. plaining about the "oil cartel" of the than during the previous periods of Central to the U. S. economy is the oil-producing nations, U.S. food ex­ recession in the past 25 years." auto industry, which is hard hit. (See porters are driving prices to record That is largely because this reces­ story on page 4.) highs, resulting in drastic famines in sion is being accompanied by uncon­ Layoffs are also spreading in other Africa and South Asia. trolled inflation. The consumer-price industries throughout the economy. In There is a real danger that the impe­ rise in September brought consumer 51 urban areas, largely in the North­ rialists will seize the opportunity­ prices 12.1 percent higher than in Sep­ east, Midwest, Puerto Rico, and on the primed with chauvinist propaganda tember 1973, the biggest year-to-year Pacific Coast, unemployment is al­ such as the Time article-to step in increase since 194 7. ready above 6 percent. In January and impose more direct controls on 1969, at the peak of the long boom oil prices, including military interven­ Inflation of the 1960s, there were only six such tion if they find it necessary and think On the economic level, it is the world areas. they could get away with it. inflation that most clearly differen­ Burlington Industries recently closed In order to bring out the truth about tiates the economic crisis of today five North Carolina textile mills, the world oil prices it is necessary from the depression of the 1930s, when idling 1,500 workers. General Electric to open the books of the real interna­ governments were not following infla­ furloughed 450 of 5,000 workers at tional petroleum cartel- the five U.S. tionary policies and prices actually its TV-receiver plant in Portsmouth, and two British-Dutch oil firms that dropped sharply. Va., after furloughing 14,000 ap­ refine and sell most world oil. Since World War II the capitalist pliance workers for a week in Louis­ Oil prices could be brought down governments have pursued policies of ville, Ky., where 2,300 workers were immediately by eliminating the profits deficit spending that tended to cushion fired permanently. of these trusts. They should be nation­ recessions, at the cost of permanent In small one-company towns, the alized and put under workers control and worsening inflation. But now it layoff of several hundred workers can Depression of 1930s. With all major cap­ for the benefit of the oppressed popula­ is doubtful that continued world in­ send the community into crisis. Such italist economies in slump, it could hap­ tions of the world. flation can prevent the economic crisis layoffs do not make the national pen again. At the same time it is important Continued on next page

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 3 Auto workers speak out against layoffs By RICHARD ORAWEIC Doug Fraser, the United Auto Work­ DETROIT- News of impending ers (UAW) vice-president in charge of massive layoffs in the auto industry the union's Chrysler department, has has sent a shock wave through the made no proposal to deal with the city. coming layoffs, other than to ask Within a three-day period General Chrysler to spread them out more Motors (GM), Ford, and Chrysler all evenly around the country. The auto announced layoffs that will throw workers themselves have other ideas. more than 10,000 auto workers on­ The Militant talked with a number to the streets by the end of the year. of workers at the Jefferson Avenue This is in addition to more than 50,- plant to assess the impact of the threat­ 000 auto workers already on indefi­ ened layoffs. One white worker in his nite layoff. late twenties with two years on the Thousands of white-collar workers job proposed that the available work will also be laid off in the coming be spread around. months, according to company "I think they should give the people spokesmen. as much work as they can," he said, Citing plummeting sales and declin­ "and cut back on hours but still let ing profit margins, GM detailed plans everybody work." to lay off more than 6,000 workers He felt it would be difficult for him at its Willow Run, Mich.; Leeds, Mo.; to find another job, since he lost an Tarrytown, N.Y.; and Van Nuys, Ca­ ear in an accident in the plant. He Auto workers arrive in Washington for mass rally against unemployment in 1959. lif., plants. This will raise to 36,000 was critical of President Ford's eco­ UAW still has formal position for shorter workweek, but has not mobilized ranks to the number of GM workers on indefi­ nomic program, saying, "When you win this demand. nite layoff. go out to buy food it's really expen­ Ford plans to lay off almost 1,000 sive. And they're not doing anything workers indefinitely and thousands for the working man. It's all for the visors work on the line," as a way to Workers at the Jefferson Avenue more for periods of one to three weeks. people who got the money. They do spread the available work around. plant pointed out that SUB funds were Ford already has more than 5,000 what they want to do." Calvert called Ford's economic pro­ limited, and that more massive layoffs workers on indefinite layoff. A 29-year-old Black worker didn't gram and Chrysler's layoffs "twins." would probably deplete the funds The biggest shock, however, came think he would have much trouble He didn't like Ford's proposal to wear quickly, leaving the workers high and when Chrysler announced it was con­ getting a job with Chrysler elsewhere, 'WIN" buttons, heat less, eat less, and dry. sidering closing its 67-year-old Jeffer­ since he has 10 years seniority. But, drive less. "I can't lower the heat to Although individual workers raised son Avenue assembly plant in Detroit, he predicted, "anyone with seniority 65," he said, 'because my heat doesn't the idea of spreading the available which employs more than 5,000 work­ below 1968 will have a lot of trouble." come up to 65!" work around, the UAW officialdom ers. Company statements that these He thinks the layoffs are part of has been silent on this question. workers would be absorbed by other Ford's economic plan and predicted Almost all the workers interviewed The union has a plank in its pro­ Chrysler plants have been met with that it would hurt the Black commu­ were p~ssimistic about other job pos­ gram demanding 30 hours work for ridicule by workers and union spokes­ nity most, since "most of the younger sibilities. Some were worried about 40 hours pay, but this demand has men, who point out that Chrysler is workers are Black." getting the UAW's "Supplemental Un­ not been pushed in contract talks for laying off in other plants as welL Cal Calvert is Black and 34 years employment Benefits"(SUB). Workers many years. Chrysler is Detroit's largest employ­ old; he has seven years' seniority. He with a year or more seniority are eli­ As the new round of layoffs spreads er. The impact of these and other agreed with others that it would take gible to get a SUB that- together with throughout the industry, it is likely layoffs on the area's economy will be seven or more years' seniority to be their unemployment check-would that many auto workers will insist disastrous. The official unemployment absorbed by Chrysler elsewhere. He bring them up to 95 percent of their that this demand be taken down off the rate in Michigan is already more than suggested the company should "stop weekly base pay, figUred on a shelf and turned into a fighting slogan 9 percent. overtime and stop letting the super- straight-time basis. for jobs for all. .. .behind the deepening worldwide recession Continued from preceding page deed, we are now learning how costly ey and credit expansion. Since the as well- must be passed by Con­ from deepening. The fact is beginning it really is, as inflation endangers the 1930's we have viewed the growth gress. The economic policies of the to sink into the heads of capitalist very existence of our economic sys­ of money and credit as the answer Nixon and Ford administrations re­ economists that at a certain point tem and political values." to recession." ceived overwhelming endorsell).ent in prices are so high that workers simply In the course of reconsidering their both the Senate and the House of cannot afford to buy more goods. economic policies, such "experts" are Representatives, both controlled by This, coupled with 'increasing job­ admitting that the fundamental cause Lessons for workers Democrats. Working people can learn much lessness, makes the economic crisis of inflation is government policy With unemployment at more than from arguments like these, buried in all the worse. aimed at expanding the money sup­ five million already and a real pos­ the financial pages of the capitalists' This fact was expressed by Chase ply. Says Birnbaum: sibility of it reaching twice that num­ newspapers. Manhattan Bank Vice-president Eu­ "There is, however, a more funda­ ber in 1975, these politicians have pro­ Birnbaum discloses in so many gene Birnbaum in the Oct 27 New mental dimension of the underlying posed no adequate, or even halfway words that recessions are inevitable York Times. "It is simply false," said sickness [than higher oil prices]. The serious programs for providing jobs. under capitalism. Birnbaum, ,o believe that the exces­ oil problem has masked this more He also admits that inflation is the sive expansion of credit is an inex­ deeply rooted source of disturbance. To protect iobs pensive way to avert recession. In- "I refer to the last 40 years of mon- only remedy that capitalist govern­ All of this pinpoints what must be ments have come up with for reces­ the central strategy of workers in fight­ sion. And today the inflationary road ing to protect their jobs and wages. is not working; recession is deepening They must expose the real causes of on a world scale despite rising infla­ the crisis in the capitalist system and tion. seek routes independent of the capital­ .Tighten whose belt? Birnbaum speaks from a level of ist parties and government to resolve The Democrats and Republicans blame SOCIALIST PROGRAM TO FIGHT INFLA­ sophistication not shared by most this crisis. workers for inflation and demand that TION. Published by Socialist Workers Democratic and Republican politicians. There is a difference of immense we sacrifice. For further reading on the 197 4 National Campaign Committee. While world economic crisis threat­ social importance between the U.S. socialist analysis and alternative so­ 25 cents. ens and inflation is increasingly chew­ today and in the early 1930s. Work­ lutions ... ing up incomes, the capitalist politi­ ers in basic industry are now orga­ ISSUES FACING THE LABOR MOVE­ cians speak as though they have no nized into unions. MENT IN THE 1970s. Edited by Paul idea what lies behind economic de­ Trade unions can and should take Davidson. 60 cents. velopments. The Ford administration the lead in struggling for jobs for goes so far as to pretend that the re­ everybody, through a shorter work­ CONSTRUCTION WORKERS UNDER cession doesn't exist week with no reduction in pay, mass­ ATTACK: HOW TO FIGHT BACK AND The White House officially described ive public works programs, and REBUILD THE UNIONS by Not Wein­ the third quarter of slowdown in in­ union-scale wages for the unemployed; stein, Fronk lovell, Carol Lipman. 35 dustrial production as a "sideways and in struggling for wages and bene­ cents. waffle"- pure jargon to conceal the fits that are protected against infla­ real facts of deepening unemployment tion by built-in escalator clauses that INTRODUCTION TO MARXIST ECO­ at the time of elections. automatically raise wages as prices NOMIC THEORY by Ernest Mandel. 80 Yet, whatever they know or do not go up. pp., paper $1.25. know about the functioning of the Struggles around these and other economy, every government measure demands that rise from the needs -whether it is budget trimming in of the working class, led by the unions, Order from: order to increase the recessionary would result in a far different outcome Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New trends, or a budget increase to fur­ than followed the stock market crash York, N.Y. 10014. ther the inflation, all taxation policy, 45 years ago. They could lead to a and every measure of wage control socialist America. 4 Unemployment: product of ·profit system By FRANK LOVELL luctant to reduce prices of petroleum spite of the recent 'tight money" policy · Unemployment is s~aring all over the products." of the Federal Reserve Board. capitalist world. More than five mil­ Another news dispatch, this one in The economists try to attribute this lion workers in this country cannot the New York Times, announces that strange phenomenon to the "energy find jobs. Britain, Italy, and Germany 'fifty thousand tons of surplus beef are crisis,~ the "world food shortage," and each has about·700;000 out of work sitting in refrigerated warehouses in other "natural causes." The truth is and is heading for the one million West Germany." that the Keynesian trade off only mark. Unemployment in France has It also reports that a German worked-to a limited extent-so long passed 500,000, the highest figUre freighter wandered from one port to as the world capitalist economy as a since World War II. another last summer seeking permis­ whole was expanding. This post­ From the point of view of society's sion to unload 600 tons of Chinese World War II expansion was based needs, this tremendous waste of hu­ pork. It fmally docked at Hamburg, on rebuilding the economies of shat­ man productive capability - not to but the pork had to be sent to a buyer tered Europe and Japan, and it came speak of the misery inflicted upon the in Austria who will sell it to Chinese to an end in the 1960s. unemployed and their families-is ob­ restaurants. Meanwhile, in a super­ Leon Trotsky, who was not bound viously irrationaL Why, then, does it market in Bonn, beef is $5.50 a pound - by the limitations of the bourgeois persist and even worsen? and pork is $3.60. economists and had no need to justify The immediate cause of a sudden Such overproduction results when the workings of the capitalist econom­ rise in unemployment is overproduc­ there are more commodities produced ic system, foresaw that capitalist pro­ tion. When a factory produces more than there are buyers to purchase duction and distribution could give than can be sold, inventories of goods them. This doesn't mean there isn't rise at the same time to mass unem­ accumulate, and the boss responds by great want It means that those mil­ ployment and rapidly rising prices. cutting production and laying off lions who desperately need what is In the Transitional Program, writ­ workers. This is seen most dramatical­ offered for sale cannot afford to buy. Killing calves to keep meat prices up, ten 36 years ago, when there was ly today in the auto industry. They must go without, while ware­ while millions starve, symbolizes ir­ mass unemployment, Trotsky ob­ rationality of capitalist system. Despite all the talk about short~ houses overflow and production is served that government borrowing ages-which is offered by charlatans cut combined with massive arms spend­ like Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz This cruel paradox is characteristic struggling for higher wages and bet­ ing in preparation for World War II as an excuse for rising prices- a glut of the cyclical crises of the capitalist ter conditions. was driving up the prices of all con­ of commodities on the U.S. and world economy, which have occurred regu­ Conversely, when all or nearly all sumer commodities. markets is beginning to develop. larly and inevitably ever since capi­ of the workers can find jobs, their He wrote that these "two basic eco­ After all the ballyhoo about oil talism itself arose. leverage in the class struggle is great­ nomic afflictions, in which is sum­ shortages, for example, the Oct 15 There is another, longer-term cause ly increased. They are then able to marized the increasing absurdity of Wall Street Journal reports "a global of unemployment This is the constant secure a greater portion of the wealth the capitalist system, that is, unem­ glut of oil in storage.... Even oil striving of each capitalist, under pres­ they produce, and at a certain point ployment and high prices, demand tankers are dawdling on the high seas sure from competitive rivals, to lower the profits of the factory owners will generalized slogans and methods of as a sort of floating storage." costs of production by increasing the be threatened. struggle." The Journal adds that "despite the productivity of labor. This in turn As soon as this happens, the cap­ "Against a bounding rise in storage glut, some companies are re- means taking advantage of the most italists respond by cutting production prices . . . , " Trotsky wrote, "one can advanced technology- automation. and redoubling their efforts to replace fight only under the slogan of a slid­ In its continual drive to replace work­ workers with machines. The result is ing scale of wages. This means that ers with machines, capitalism continu­ to increase unemployment again until collective agreements should assure an ally replenishes the ranks of the un­ the "reserve army" is large enough to automatic rise in wages in relation employed, the "reserve army of labor." keep the workers' wage demands to to the increase in price of consumer These two causes of unemploy­ the minimum. .goods.... ment- overproduction and automa­ The conventional wisdom of "Against unemployment, 'structural' tion-can reinforce each other. When Keynesian economists dictates that as well as 'conjunctural,' the time is the economy picks up after a down­ government policies- expanding or ripe to advance, along with the slo­ turn, an industry is not likely to rehire tightening up the money supply, run­ gan of public works, the slogan of all those who were thrown out of ning a budget surplus or deficit-can a sliding scale of working hours." work, because of the increased produc­ "trade off" inflation and unem­ This means a shorter '\\'Orkweek with tivity made possible by new machine­ ployment no reduction in pay, .to divide all the ry installed during the previous They use what is called the "Phil­ work on hand among all the workers. boom. lips curve," which records the relation Neither the problem of inflation nor between unemployment and inflation. unemployment can be solved by the What the apologists for the profit The two are supposed to move in employers. The economic crisis is the system never admit is that unemploy­ inverse relation: as unemployment result of their blind, anarchic scram­ ment is absolutely necessary to the rises, inflation will slow down; too ble for profits. functioning of the capitalist economy. high unemployment can be averted But the workers, who are the vic­ Capitalism cannot permit full employ­ through inflationary policies. tims of this irrational system, demand ment, and that is why its bought-off But the economy is more complex useful production for the satisfaction pseudoscientists talk about 4 or 5 per­ and society is more volatile than the of human needs. Beginning with strug­ cent unemployment as "full employ­ economists know or can account for. gles against today's inflation and un­ ment" They are puzzling over new facts that employment, they can take over and U.S. News & World Report graph. Peri­ The threat of being thrown into the do not conform to their schema. Both reorganize the economy to provide odic recessions are permane.nt feature ranks of the unemployed is needed inflation and unemployment are an abundance of the world's goods of capitalist economy. to dampen workers' militancy in climbing, and this is happening in for all.

Zionists stage armed attack on PLO office By SAM MANUEL the PLO in the past three years. ~ . ·them," she declared. "The aim of these Three men armed with guns and a In an attack on the PLO office in attacks, whether in the Mideast or New lead pipe forced their way into the of­ 1970, PLO director Sadat Hasaan York, is to thwart the just struggle of fice of the Palestine Liberation Orga­ was beaten and required 63 stitches the Palestinian people to regain their nization (PLO) in New York Oct. 29 in his head. "We have received lots of homeland. and beat up PLO staff member Ha­ telephone threats," said Ebeid. "The "In contrast to my Democratic and san Rahman, the only person in the message we received just hours before Republican opponents, who call for office at the time. The assailants fired this attack said that a death would more arms to Israel, I am fighting for at least two times as they ran out of take place in the office." an end to U. S. support to the Israeli the office, but Rahman was not hit Last May Zionist thugs attacked Dr. regime. My cam_paign stands unequiv­ A group called the Jewish Armed Mohammad Mehdi of the Action Com­ ocally on the side of the Palestinian Resistance took credit for the attack, mittee on Arab-American Relations people in their struggle to regain their and one of the thugs wore the insignia and fractured his spine. homeland and for creation of a demo­ of the right-wing terrorist Jewish De­ Rebecca Finch, Socialist Workers cratic, secular Palestine. fense League. The office was ran­ Party candidate for U.S. Senate from "I challenge Ramsey Clark and Ja­ sacked, with phones ripped out and New York, issued a statement con­ cob Javits, both of whom have been files dumped. demning the assault on the PLO office. beating the war drums for Zionist "This is not the first time it has hap­ "This attack parallels the policies of Israel, to join me in condemning this pened," said PLO representative Ibra­ the colonial-settler state of Israel, PLO representative re­ assault and in demanding an imme­ him Ebeid. Interviewed at the wrecked which sees all Arabs as enemies and ceives medical treatment after terrorist diate investigation leading to the ar­ office, he cited four terrorist attacks on conducts terror campaigns against attack. rest of the perpetrators."

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 5 Cites freedom of SP-eech and assembl~ Young Socialist Alliance sues to stop FBI By CONNIE PIPER cloud of suspicion is cast over our NEW YORK- The Young Socialist completely legal convention proceed­ Alliance filed a motion in federal court ings and other political activities. here Oct. 29 asking for a preliminary "In reality, the YSA is an entirely injunction to stop FBI surveillance lawful organization of young people of the upcoming national convention who are socialist in our political con­ of the YSA, scheduled to begin on Dec. victions and who actively participate 28 in St. Louis. in the struggles of students, Blacks, The socialists claim that FBI sur­ women, working people and all those veillance violates their First Amend­ who are oppressed and exploited. The ment rights of free speech and associa­ events of the past decade have shown tion. that the real lawbreakers can be found The YSA recently learned of the in the White House and Congress, planned surveillance from an em­ not in the FBI 'subversive' flies." ployee of the Jefferson Hotel in St. Louis, where the convention will take Welch vowed that "the YSA won't place. be intimidated. We're redoubling our The hotel employee, Jacqui Craig, efforts to build a large and success­ signed an affidavit saying that an FBI ful convention. Hundreds of young agent told her "the F.B.I. would be people will attend to map out a whole on the premises during the conven­ campaign against government harass­ tion." She was told the FBI intended ment." to "keep an eye on the convention in Welch announced that the Socialist case anything should break out." Workers Party 1976 presidential cam­ The FBI agent wanted to know from paign will be launched at a rally dur­ the hotel how many and which rooms ing the YSA convention. She added were reserved by the YSA that the YSA would begin its drive At a news conference in their law at the convention to win support for office the day of the filing, constitu­ the 1976 SWP presidential ticket. Delegates at last year's YSA convention Militant/Mark SatinoH tional attorneys Leonard Boudin and The SWP rally is taking place in Herbert Jordan explained that the mo­ the Jefferson Hotel as well, and there­ tion for the injunction requests emer­ fore would also be a target for the The socialists' brief notes that the presence of the state police, appears gency relief as part of a broader civil FBI surveillance. The rally will be FBI spying will deter many young to be a natural result flowing from suit. the first public event of the 1976 SWP people from even attending the con­ the conduct of the police officers in The suit, filed on behalf of the So­ campaign, and it is an advertised vention. Others, it says, "will be re­ their relations with the striking em­ cialist Workers Party and the YSA in highlight of the YSA convention. luctant to speak out in discussions, be­ ployees and the employer." July 1973, seeks a permanent in­ Peter Camejo, a cochairman of the cause by stating their names and The socialists' motion for an in­ junction against such Watergate-style Socialist Workers 1974 National Cam­ drawing attention to themselves, they junction includes the following evi­ harassment as wiretapping, burglary, paign Committee who is currently on would become sitting ducks for gov­ dence of "adverse effects" from FBI ernment name-takers and photograph­ spying: ers." • Copies of detailed Civil Service Commission reports on six govern~ Strike meeting precedent ment employees who were fired or One of the precedents cited in the threatened with dismissal from their YSA and SWP brief is a 1948 case of jobs because of their attendance at a trade union local in Indiana. The YSA conventions and SWP election local, which was conducting a strike, campaign rallies. The commission asked for an injunction to stop state gets its information from the FBI. police officers from attending union e A statement from YSA member meetings and taking notes. Elijah Green in Atlanta, who says he The court ruled that the cops' pres­ did not attend the 1972 YSA conven­ ence violated the unionists' right to tion because he was afraid that if the freedom of speech and assembly. The FBI reported his attendance he would ruling said: "It is true that the police of­ lose his Ford Foundation scholarship. ficers have not actively prevented the Without that financial aid he could not plaintiffs from conducting their meet­ remain in school. ings as they desire or from speaking • A report by YSA member Jeff if they wished. But the evidence is Feather in Cleveland, who says that that their presence and their taking of on his current convention-building notes have had the same effect as tour of Ohio campuses he has met if there were active interference." several students whose only reason The ruling continued: "It is indi­ for not attending the. convention is 'The YSA is a completely legal organization,' said YSA leaders. 'We participate in cated that this has come about because their fear of FBI spying. One was a struggles of all the oppressed.' of the belief that the state police have student government officer who thinks taken a role as partisans in the labor that FBI observance of him at the con­ dispute between the Union and the vention would jeopardize his chances Smith Manufacturing Company. This of becoming a lawyer. mail tampering, and infiltration. De­ a national speaking tour, told The feeling of restraint, frustration, and in­ Another was a foreign student, who fendants include President Ford, for­ Militant that "the government is trying terference within the minds of the feared the FBI would relay informa­ mer president Nixon, the FBI, CIA, to 'Watergate' our campaign even be­ Union members, engendered by the tion about his attendance to the secret and other agencies and officials. fore it's been publicly announced." The government has until Nov. 5 "One of the best ways to answer the to answer the motion for a prelimi­ FBI's brazen attack on our rights nary injunction. Attorneys for the so­ is to come to St. Louis. Help us de­ Come to the YSA convention cialists have requested a public court fend our right to campaign," he urged. The Young Socialist Alliance will The gathering is open to all hearing Nov. 8. Boudin told reporters the FBI spy hold its fourteenth National Con­ young people interested in socialist Boudin told reporters that "the iS:­ plans were an attempt by the gov­ vention Dec. 28-Jan. 1 at the Jef­ ideas. If you would like more infor­ sue is very elementary: Does the gov­ ernment "to prevent a political party ferson Hotel in St. Louis. The con­ mation, mail in the coupon below. ernment have the right to attend and from functioning." vention, the highest body of the or­ interfere in an open political con­ He argued that the surveillance vio­ ganization, will chart the YSA's vention? We say no. One wonders lates the YSA's and SWP's rights to course of activity for the year ·------what the government could possibly ahead. Clip and mail to: YSA, P. 0. Box say in its answer to our motion." free speech and assembly because it is "an official inquisition into the par­ Reports, panels, and workshops 471 Cooper Station, New York, "We're counting on obtaining relief," will take up the Black liberation N.Y. 10003 Boudin said. "The precedents on our ticipants and discussions at a peace­ struggle, the women's liberation side are very substantial." able assembly of supporters of a mi­ nority political party and its electoral movement, the Puerto Rican move­ ( ) Send me more information VSA' s response candidates." ment, the United Farm Workers about the YSA convention. boycott, campus struggles, the fight ( ) I want to attend the conven­ YSA national organization secre­ Jordan explained that the basis for for democratic rights, questions of tion. tary Delpfine Welch outlined the so­ the motion for an injunction is "our international revolutionary strate­ ) I want to join the YSA. cialists' response to the threatened FBI proof that the threat of surveillance gy, and many other topics. spying. has an inhibiting effect on conven­ A ·highlight of the convention will Name------"By conducting surveillance of our tion attendance and that similar moni­ Address ______be a rally launching the 1976 So­ convention," she said, "the FBI hopes toring at past conventions has resulted cialist Workers Party presidential City·___ state __Zip ---- to stigmatize the YSA, closing ears in adverse effects on people who at­ election campaign. Phone------and minds to our socialist ideas. A tended."

6 Unionists back political rights fight The 1974 New York State AFL-CIO Robert Allen, managing editor of PI a ns convention, meeting last month in Black Scholar and a member of the spy Kiamesha Lake, N.Y., passed a reso- PRDF's advisory board, also attended police in his own country, which is a lution condemning FBI harassment the benefit and urged everyone present dictatorship known for its torture of political organizations. to unite in support of PRDF activities. chambers. The resolution cites such occurrences "I am very impressed with the. wide Syd Stapleton, national secretary of as the Lori Paton case, in which "a amount of support the PRDF suit has the Political Rights Defense Fund, 16-year-old New Jersey' high school won," he said. "The government ha- which is publicizing the SWP and YSA student wrote to the Socialist Workers rasses all protest groups and individ- suit, told reporters that "the impact Party for information about their cam- uals, and it makes sense to unite in of FBI surveillance is to give the im­ paign to use in a school term paper, struggle to preserve and even expand pression that there is something il­ and was subsequently harassed by our democratic rights. . . . This or- legitimate or criminal about being as­ the FBI who discovered her name by ganization is getting this concept for- sociated with groups like the YSA. H monitoring all mail received at the ward very successfully, and I will con- it is possible to secure court disap­ party headquarters.... " tinue to do what I can to support proval of this kind of spying, it will It conclu'des by affirming that the this work." defeat the whole. thrust of the FBI's New York AFL-CIO is "unalterably To help secure more trade-union efforts." opposed to any harassment or inter- support for the SWP and YSA suit, Boudin remarked that "this is a rna- ference of citizens exercizing their right the PRDF has issued a new piece of jor case ... it has been recognized to explore different political ideas and literature entitled "Labor's stake in the by lawyers, judges, by political par­ organizations." fight for political rights." ties who are opposed to the SWP, and The AFL-CIO delegates declared Mililont/Harry Ring The le~flet, which quotes from the by individuals as very important for that "as trade unionists we particu- Walter Johnson, secretary-treasurer of New York AFL-CIO resolution, points all minority political parties." larly value the right of freedom of as- Retail Clerks Local ll 00, has joined with out that "labor unions, Black activ- He pointed out that the suit has al­ sociation without which no union or other labor leaders in backing socialist ists, socialists and others who chal- ready forced the government to pro­ political organization is free to func- suit. lenge administration policies are duce documents and damaging ad­ tion.... " among the victims of the worst gov- missions that show the illegality of the The resolution was submitted by Lo- ernment harassment" It urges union government's harassment of the SWP cal 1930 of the American Federation locals and officials to endorse the and YSA. of State, County and Municipal Em- the many FBI "counterintelligence pro- PRDF in order to "help to defend the One of the government's admissions ployees (AFSCME). Local 1930 had grams" aimed at the Black, antiwar, political rights of all." is that it initiated an FBI "Counter- previously voted to endorse the Po- and radical movements. intelligence Program - SWP Disrup­ litical Rights Defense Fund (PRDF), Speaking at the Oakland PRDF tion Program" in 1961. This "COIN­ a civil liberties organization that is benefit, Walter Johnson, executive sec------TELPRO" was one of a series of dis- building support for the suit by the retary-treasurer of Retail Clerks Lo­ Clip and mail to: Political Rights De­ ruption plans aimed against Black Socialist Workers Party and Young cal 1100, said, "Everyone should have fense Fund, Box 649 Cooper Station, activists, radicals, socialists, and Socialist Alliance against government the right to run for office and express New York, N.Y. 10003. Phone: (212) others. surveillance and disruption. their ideas without government inter- 691-3270. On the same date, in Oakland, Calif., ference." Johnson's local won an 1m- Openly proclaimed prominent Bay Area union officials portant victory last May after an ( ) Enclosed is $---to help cov- The socialists' request for an injunc­ Art Carter and Walter Johnson were eight-and-a-half-month strike against er expenses. tion notes, 'We cannot yet prove a among those who expressed their sup- two Sears department stores. ( ) Please send me more information. direct link between the present moni- port for the SWP suit at a PRDF fund- Art Carter, secretary-treasurer of the ( ) Please send me copies of raising benefit. Contra Costa County Labor Council, the labor leaflet ($1.50 per 100 copies) The suit, filed by attorney Leonard related the SWP suit to the fight to de- ( ) Enclosed is $ for --~ Boudin, has already forced the gov- fend the basic rights of the labor copies of A Challenge to the Water­ ernment to admit the FBI has wire- movement. gate Crimes ($1 each, or 75 cents tapped the SWP since 1945, conducted "It is important to recognize the ah- for five or more). a "mail cover" of correspondence ad- solute necessity of supporting all legal dressed to the SWP national office in efforts to preserve political expression Name------New York, and maintained an "SWP ... and to view these struggles as Address------Disruption Program." linked to our own ability to picket City______;::,tate _Zip _ Disruption of the SWP was one of and strike,"he said. Phone------Calif. socialist appeals frame-up By MORRIS STARSKY grounds for appealing the conviction. tion gained information through the LOS ANGELES- An appeal against For one thing, in the course of the informer or wiretaps, then all records the frame-up perjury conviction of trial it was discovered that the FBI of the surveillance and all the infor­ Salm Kalis was filed Oct. 15 by at­ had a paid informer in the defense mation gained through it must be torney Peter Young. Kalis, who was camp. But after the informer was dis­ turned over to Salm Kolis or the case the Socialist Workers Party candidate covered, the judge not only refused against her dismissed. for San Diego city council, was con­ to allow the jury to hear about the Contributions to help with the heavy victed last December after a three-day surveillance, but imposed a sweeping costs of the appeal should be sent DELPFINE WELCH: 'We won't be intimi­ trial for allegedly giving a false ad­ gag order on Kalis and her attorney, to the Committee to Defend Salm dated.' dress in her nominating papers. prohibiting them from discussing it Kalis, P. 0. Box 5313, San Diego, The San Diego city government has with the press. Calif. 92105. a long-standing reputation for its con­ The appeal brief points out that taring and the 'SWP-Disruption Pro­ servative, antilabor policies. The pro­ during the examination of the prose­ gram.' However, an intent to inhibit secution of the 23-year-old socialist cution 's chief witness, the prosecutor is suggested by the fact that the mon­ candidate-who was handcuffed and deliberately asked questions to elicit itoring plans are not secret, but were hauled off to jail only a few days be­ inadmissible and highly prejudicial openly proclaimed to the hotel sales fore the elections-was another at­ answers from the witness concerning department without any request to tempt to intimidate political dissidents Kalis's socialist views. keep it confidential. This type of in the city. As the brief states, "These prosecu­ blatant, overt surveillance reflects the No Democratic or Republican poli­ tion questions represent a flagrant, Bureau's [FBI's] strategy of intimidat­ ticians have ever been subjected to deliberate and successful effort to put ing political dissidents by cultivating similar prosecution, despite serious ir­ before the jury testimony which the fear that 'there is an FBI agent regularities discovered in their nomi­ was ... utterly irrelevant and highly behind every mailbox.'" nating affidavits by an enterprising inflammatory.... " Such appeals to Welch called the YSA and SWP suit reporter and admitted by the San antisocialist prejudice, the brief main­ "part of the YSA's overall drive to Diego city attorney. tains, violated Kolis 's constitutional fight against government interference The judge sentenced Kalis to five right to a fair trial. in radical political activity and part days in jail, a $500 fine, and proba­ The brief also argues that the case of our overall campaign to change tion for three years. He denied a mo­ this society from top to bottom." should be sent back to the trial court She said that eight national lead­ tion for a stay of execution and bail for a hearing because the judge sum­ ers of the YSA would soon begin cam­ pending Kalis's appeal. These were marily denied Kalis's motion for dis­ pus speaking tours to urge young finally granted by an appellate court, closure of information gained by the people to attend the convention and but not before Kalis had already prosecution from wiretapping of the to protest the FBI spying. served a day in jail. SWP campaign headquarters and "Local YSA chapters will be appeal­ The unfair nature of the trial pro­ from the FBI informer. ing to student governments and or­ vided attorney Young with ample If it can be shown that the prosecu- SALM KOLIS: Denounces unfair trial ganizations and to campus news­ papers to support the rights of the YSA to hold its convention free from FBI harassment," Welch concluded.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 7 ·- .. ".,.. ------~· SWP urges 'yes' vote Colo. referendum to curb nuclear blasts By RICH FEIGENBERG Although these experiments have so ilar controls over "strip mining of DENVER- Trapped in the dense rock far failed to product useful results, coal, coal gasification, certain types under the soil of western Colorado is the AEC has included $56.2-million of oil shale development and any an estimated 300 trillion cubic feet in its next five-year budget to create other type of resource development of natural gas, an estimated 30 per- five or six new wells with three to with environmental impact" cent of the total reserves in the United five nuclear blasts per well. The memo asserted that 'ballot box States. legislation on technical, complex mat­ Since the big oil companies have In the longer run, the AEC pro­ ters such as this actually constitutes been on a campaign to drive up the poses to "stimulate" 1,190 new wells a threat to representative government" price of fossil fuels, the development by 1990 by exploding 4, 760 atom Responding to this memo, Nora of these gas reserves has become a bombs in Colorado, Utah, and Wyo­ Danielson declared, "These giant cor­ big project ming. This will be the equivalent of porations have inadvertantly revealed 23,800 Hiroshima bombs! their utter contempt for working peo­ The taxpayers are footing the bill The nuclear blasts would produce ple and for democracy. They think for getting under way what will be­ vast amounts of deadly radioactive we aren't competent to decide on 'com­ come a highly profitable operation. poisons, including carbon 14, kryp­ plex' questions like whether the state The Atomic Energy Commission ton 85, strontium 90, cesium 137, should be honeycombed with nuclear (AEC) has spent $82-million since and tritium. explosions. . 1967 in three experiments aimed at In addition, the blast effects of ex­ "The same view is echoed by the using underground nuclear explosions plosions on the scale planned by the Democratic and Republican politi­ to produce the natural gas. AEC pose a serious threat The shock cians. Pat Schroeder, the prominent wave from the second AEC experi­ Energy profiteers propose to set off liberal Democratic congresswoman ment damaged foundations, irriga­ equivalent of 23,800 Hiroshima bombs from Colorado, is not supporting tion lines, mines, and an industrial under Colorado. .Amendment 10," Danielson said. plant "A spokesperson in Schroeder's of­ The plans of the "atomaniacs" have A recent poll in the Denver Post fice told me that Schroeder 'sympa­ prompted widespread opposition. A showed 53 percent in favor of Amend­ thizes with Amendment 10, but she coalition of environmental groups, ment 10, only 19 percent opposed, thinks that it is unconstitutional.'" People for Rational Energy Sources, and 28 percent undecided. "I believe that it is precisely work­ conducted a seven-month petition cam­ Now it has been revealed that a ing people who are the most compe­ paign to put' an amendment to the consortium of the state's biggest steel, tent and have the most right to make state constitution on the Nov. 5 bal­ energy, and mining interests- those these decisions," Danielson asserted. lot who stand to profit from the AEC 's "Our lives are at stake. The AEC Amendment 10, if passed, would re­ rampage in the Rockies-has put to­ and the energy monopolies cannot be quire the approval of a majority of gether a secret slush fund aimed at de­ trusted to safeguard our health and Colorado voters before any nuclear feating Amendment 10. environment, because their only con­ devices could be detonated in the state. A secret memo circulated by the cern is to rake in the highest possible Nora Danielson, Socialist Workers Colorado Association of Commerce profit. PM'ty candidate for governor of Colo­ and Industry called for spending $25,- "In order for these resources to be rado, is campaigning for a "yes"vote 000-$30,000 in the two weeks before developed and energy provided on on Amendment 10. "This measure the election for. a media campaign the basis of human need rather than would give the working people of against Amendment 10. the profits of the rich," she concluded, Colorado some say over these ex­ The memo, which was leaked to the "the SWP calls for the entire energy NORA DANIELSON: 'Working people tremely dangerous and costly nuclear press, warned that letting people vote industry to be nationalized and run have right to decide these questions.' blasts," she says. on nuclear blasting might lead to sim- under the control of the workers." Socialist hits cover-up of Kent State killings By MELISSA SINGLER responsible for ordering the Guard With two weeks of campaigning still tion of Teachers. Many of those CLEVELAND- A banquet here Oct onto the campus," Brown said. "Gil­ ahead, she reported, 100,000 SWP present bought copies of The Militant 19 in support of the Ohio Socialist ligan was governor after Rhodes and platforms have been distributed and and asserted they would never have Workers Party ticket climaxed a fall helped keep the murders under a tight 1,150 people have signed cards en­ voted to endorse Gilligan, the Demo­ of active campaigning that has taken lid. To now be given a choice of one dorsing the SWP slate. crat, if they had known his true stand the candidates to all corners of the or the other in the election is to be The candidates and other campaign on labor in Ohio. state. given no choice at all." spokespeople have addressed meetings Bernie Senter, SWP congressional The featured speaker was Nancy Also speaking was Maceo Dixon, all over the state, including Cincinnati, candidate and a member of the meat­ Brown, SWP candidate for governor. cochairman of the Socialist Workers Columbus, Bowling Green, Toledo, cutters union, was introduced and dis­ Brown spoke on the recent opening 1974 National Campaign Committee, Akron, and Cleveland. The fact that tributed literature at a meeting of the of the trial of eight National Guards­ who spoke on the racist antibusing the SWP won statewide ballot status Meatcutters Active Political Club. men charged in the killing of four stu­ drive in Boston and the need for na­ for the first time in Ohio has been a Herman Kirsch, SWP candidate for dents at Kent State in May 1970. tional protests against it In response significant boost to campaigning. lieutenant governor, distributed cam­ Brown pointed to the role of her to a fund appeal by Dixon, the 85 During the tour by the Young So­ paign platforms and sold Militants opponents, Democratic incumbent campaign supporters present pledged cialists for Nancy Brown team, 25 to steelworkers going into their local John Gilligan and Republican James $3,600 to the Ohio campaign. people decided to join the Young So­ union meeting. Kirsch found many Rhodes, in the Kent State massacre Mary Zins, coordinator of the cialist Alliance. steelworkers were interested in the so­ and the persistent efforts to cover up Young Socialists for Nancy Brown, The socialist candidates have made cialist answer to inflation. the truth about the killings. told the banquet audience about the a special effort to reach trade When Gilligan appeared at the Cleve­ "Rhodes was governor of Ohio at impressive scope of the 1974 Ohio unionists. On Oct. 8, Brown spoke to land Federation of Labor, SWP candi­ the time of the massacre and was socialist campaign. a meeting of the Cincinnati Federa- Continued on page 26

By GARY JOHNSON Ford, but issued a citation and re­ would not bother the socialist cam­ SEATTLE- On Oct. 26 the Seattle leased him. paigners unless someone complained. Seattle police broke up a socialist campaign Ford and other SWP candidates During the entire afternoon that Ford street rally in the downtown area and have been holding these rallies for was in jail, the cops made no men­ arrested Jeff Ford, Socialist Workers five weeks. During the second week's tion of a complaint candidate Party candidate for King County rally they were told by a cop that The Socialist Workers Party is try­ prosecutor. a "citizen's complaint" had been lodged ing to win public support for its can­ Three cops approached Ford as he and that if they were to continue the didates' right to free speech. Ford .has was speaking at the first of three rally they would need a "street use demanded that his Democratic and fights for scheduled rallies. He was told that he permit." Republican opponents, Chris Bayley would have to stop becau'se he needed For the next five days campaign and Ed Heavy, join in defending a permit to use sound equipment. workers were given a bureaucratic democratic rights. free They left after issuing a warning, but runaround by the police department returned a few minutes later when as they tried to obtain a permit. So far Heavy's office has not re­ Ford continued speaking. Finally reaching Assistant Chief of sponded. Bayley, the incumbent coun­ speech Police Bud Banderwyer, they were told ty prosecutor, claims that as a can­ The cops put Ford up against the that the law does require a permit, didate he can't comment because the car, frisked and handcuffed him, con­ but- Catch 22- it. was no longer arrest is a "legal" matter. fiscated the sound equipment, and police policy to issue permits to politi­ Ford said he would be back on the carted him off to jail. After an hour cal groups. streets Nov. 2 to assert his right to of indecision, the cops did not book Banderwyer stated that his men speak.

8 'She-is with useverx daX: Dist. 1 militants back Sojourner campaign By CRAIG GANNON providing help to the parents of P. S. Katherine Sojourner described the NEW YORK- "My name is Lillian 34 and the entire district," Rodriguez most recent developments in District 1 Mojica. Every day we come to work continued. "Not only am I grate­ and linked these to the racist mob vio­ at Socialist Workers '74. My brother ful, but I think the parents are grate­ lence against desegregation in Boston. and sister and me come at 10 on Sat­ ful and they recognize the work you The U.S. government, she explained, urday. On other days we come at have done. refuses to provide the money needed three or four because we go to school. "To illustrate this I would like to for decent schools and is determined All I can say is we love Socialist tell you a conversation I had the other to prevent the oppressed minority Workers '74." day with one of the parents, a mother. communities from gaining control A sixth grader at Public School 63 over their schools. taped this note to the Socialist Work­ She said, 'Katherine invited me to some classes they are having at the "The same people being hit by at~ ers Party storefront campaign office tacks against their children," Sojour­ in Manhattan's Lower East Side. storefront on socialism. I told my husband and he said that is commu­ ner said, "are also being driven into Lillian is one of a number of young nism, the policeman is going to get the unemployment lines, forced to pay students who are helping distribute you. But I am going anyway. She higher rents and food prices, forced SWP campaign literature and put up is a person who is with us every day, to live in unheated firetraps, forced posters throughout their community. and they are going to teach us some­ to do without child care. In short, A button that reads, "Community thing. I don't think there is anything they are being forced to pay the price Control of Schools in District 1-Vote wrong with going and seeing what of a system called capitalism." Socialist Workers- Katherine Sojour­ they are teaching.'" Sojourner detailed the role of the ner for Congress 18th C.D.," is be­ The third speaker was Georgina Democratic and Republican politi­ ing worn by people throughout the Hoggard, one of the four parent­ cians, who refuse to stand up for the district at picket lines and boycott chosen members of the community District 1 parents or the Boston Black meetings. school board. She said, "I think this community. She concluded: The storefront office, while serving Militant/Mike Baumann is a special place. The people are "I hope you will get involved in as the distribution center for thou­ Katherine Sojourner has won respect for honest and sincere and what we see the Socialist Workers Party campaign. sands of pieces of bilingual campaign her active role in community struggle. in District 1 is these people support­ Unlike the Democrats and Republi­ liberature, has also become a gath­ ing us on an everyday basis. That cans, there are no slum landlords in ering place for activists in the Puerto our campaign committee. There are fired in August by the racist majority is the only way I judge people- when Rican, Black, and Chinese commu­ no jail wardens. There are no mil­ of the community school board], and I see them on an everyday basis strug­ nity's struggle for control of the lionaire corporation presidents. There suddenly this has been taken away gling with us." schools in District 1. are no George Wall aces and no Lester from us. Our basic rights have been Hoggard continued, "Many times I Maddoxes." The Socialist Workers campaign taken away. feel very low and depressed, I don't The SWP's members and support­ committee and the Young Socialist Al­ "They thought if they got rid of think there is any hope, and I turn ers, she said, are the men and women liance have also organized classes on Mr. Fuentes, his staff andappointees, around and see people like Katherine, who are fighting against all forms of socialism every Saturday afternoon we would have no one to follow. But and our spirits come up again. I hope oppression and exploitation. "These after the day's campaigning. we are not going away and we will this continues in District 1." fighters know that there is one party The growing support for Sojour­ not be quiet either. We are pro-Fuen­ Greetings were sent to the banquet ner's candidacy was reflected at an tes because he is proparent," Gon­ from Luis Fuentes. Support for the that sees the essential importance of Oct 19 campaign banquet. A crowd zales said. campaign was also expressed by strik­ uncompromising support to the mass struggles of the oppressed- and that of 215 people attended, including 40 The next speaker was Jose Luis ing workers from the Macmillan pub­ is the Socialist Workers Party." District 1 parents, bilingual teachers Rodriguez, the parent-chosen principal lishing house. and paraprofessionals, and parent­ of P. S. 34, who had been fired just the supported school board members and day before as part of the school candidates. board's purge of procommunity ad­ Keynote speakers were Katherine ministrators and staff. The reading Sojourner and SWP gubernatorial scores at P.S. 34 had gone up for candidate Derrick Morrison, who gave the first time in years while Rodri­ a firsthand account of the school de­ guez was principal. segregation struggle in Boston. "I consider myself a target," Rodri­ Three leaders of the community guez said, "not because of personal struggle in District 1 also addressed positions I have taken to the UFT the gathering. The first was Miriam [United Federation of Teachers, Gonzales, co-president of the P. S. 188 whose leadership has spearheaded the Parents Association and president of attacks against the community] or the the Presidents Council of the Par­ school board, but because I represent ents Associations. the right of parents to select the best "Why has a school district so small person to run their school. For that caused the biggest headache?" she reason I accept the support of the asked. "Well, parents have had a parents, not for me as a person, but chance to see what community control for their right to choose. Militant/Jeannie Reynolds was like under Luis Fuentes [the par­ "We feel that as a party, you [the Georgina Hoggard addresses District protest. She and other activists attended SWP ent-supported school superintendent, SWP] have been very instrumental in campaign banquet.

Ore. socialist candidates confront opponents By ERIC BERMAN cialist election campaign in recent Ore­ station in Portland. By Nov. 5 they daily, reported that Mace challenged PORTLAND, Ore.- Sixty-eight people gon history. will have appeared either alone or in the views of Democrat Les Aucoin attended the Socialist Workers Party Fred Halstead, SWP candidate for debates on more than four hours of · md Republican Diarmiud O'Scann­ campaign banquet here Oct. 19, a president in 1968, was the featured air time. lain by pointing out that "the real highlight of the most successful so- speaker. ' Every broadcast has prompted a economic culprit is not the paltry mil­ Halstead told the enthusiastic crowd series of calls to the campaign head­ lions spent on health, education and that "the people who own and control quarters with requests for more in­ welfare. Rather it is the $84 billion this country are in trouble. They can formation, especially on how to write military budget the government spends no longer convince the masses of in the socialist candid,ates on the bal­ to prop up dictators and to police working people to sacrifice in order lot. the worllf" to keep up the profits of big business. Seigle and Studer, along with Robin They can no longer convince us that Mace, SWP congressional candidate, The socialist candidates have also we must send American troops to die and Caroline Fowlkes, candidate for spoken at W high schools, Portland wherever U. S. corporations are state labor commissioner, will appear Community College-Sylvania, Lewis threatened." with their opponents on KPTV, Chan­ and Clark College, Reed College, Uni­ In response to an appeal for funds nel 12, on Nov. 3 at 8:30 p.m. versity of Oregon at Eugene, and Ore­ from John Studer and Stacey Seigle, Mace and Seigle confronted their gon State University at Corvallis. SWP candidates for U. S. Senate and Democratic and Republican opponents The student body presidents of Port­ for governor, campaign supporters in public debates at Portland State land State University, Lewis and contributed $1,237 to finance the final University last month. The debates Clark, and PCC-Sylvania have en­ two weeks of intensive campaigning. were sponsored by Choice 74, a non­ dorsed the SWP slate. Two people decided to join the Young partisan campus group. An election night celebration will be Socialist Alliance after the banquet. The congressional candidates debate held Nov. 5 at the campaign head­ John Studer, SWP candidate for U.S. The SWP candidates have been in­ focused on inflation. The Oct. 9 Ore­ quarters in Portland, 208 S. W. Stark, Senate from Oregon. terviewed on every major television gon Journal, Portland's afternoon Room 50 1, beginning at 8 p. m.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 9 Union support is step forward SWP's for Texas Raza Unida Party disclosure By HARRY RING challenge SAN ANTONIO, Tex.- La Raza Unida Party (RUP) has broken some new ground in the Texas elections this heard in fall. Built initially in Crystal City, a small, largely Chicano town in south­ central Texas, the independent Chica­ Calif. court no party developed its main base of support in the towns and rural areas By MATILDE ZIMMERMANN nearby. San Antonio was perhaps the LOS ANGELES- The Socialist Work­ only large city with an active R UP. ers Party's challenge to the Califor­ With the 1972 Raza Unida guber­ nia campaign finance disclosure law natorial campaign by Ramsey Mufiiz, was heard in superior court here the party began to gain adherents Oct. 24. elsewhere in the state. In the present Judge Campbell Lucas rejected gov­ election, in addition to the second bid ernment motions to dismiss, but re­ for governor by Mufiiz and local cam­ fused to issue the preliminary injunc­ paigns in south Texas, the party is tion against enforcement of the law running effective campaigns for the sought by the Socialist Workers cam­ statt;,. legislature in four urban areas­ paign committee. The SWP is chal­ Houston, Austin, San Antonio, and lenging the constitutionality of the law requiring disclosure of its campaign Corpus Christi. Mi """'" NIAI<.~n Blacks.tock contributors. In Houston the R UP is running Raza Unida Party candidates Armando Gutierrez (left) from Austin and Daniel Meza Attorney Mark Rosenbaum of the Maria Jimenez for state representative from San Antonio. in the 87th district. According to re­ American Civil Liberties Union ports, her campaign represents the (ACLU), representing the Socialist Raza Unida as a way to give us most extensive effort by the party in III against Hernandez, and Pefia won Workers campaign, announced plans that city to date. 35 percent of the vote. Meza was cam­ more leverage." to appeal the court's denial of the Today he believes that the main In the Corpus Christi-Robstown paign manager in that election, and he preliminary injunction. area, the RUP is running Dr. Jorge began mapping strategy for the next responsibility of the RUP is to edu­ A last-minute development was the Trevifio for the legislature. Trevifio R UP bid soon after. cate the Chicano people and others intervention of Common Cause, the is a mathematician and engineer and Meza has solicited support from var­ as to the basic reasons for their con­ so-called citizens' lobby, which de­ a professor at Del Mar College. An ious unions for his campaign. The ditions, "why we are powerless, what livered a lengthy legal brief on be­ early activist in La Raza Unida, his labor record of his opponent has fa­ the nature of the system, the society, half of the government less than 24 academic credentials have added cilitated this. The Farah Company is." hours before the hearing. weight to his campaign, and he is ex­ has two plants in San Antonio. During The party has a short-range goal Attorney Rosenbaum protested this pected to win a good vote. the Farah strike, unionists charge, and a long-range one, he continued. extraordinary procedure, but the two The campaign of Daniel Meza here Hernandez refused their request to "And there's a risk, a definite risk, attorneys Common Cause had flown in San Antonio is particularly interest­ publicly support the Farah workers. in the short-range," he added. in from Washington, D.C., were nev­ ing. District 57-J, covering San An­ It is also charged that Hernandez, The short-range goal, he explained, ertheless permitted to take part in the tonio's main barrio, is currently rep- who is an attorney, has represented is to win certain concessions, force hearing. companies against unions. It is even certain changes, make the rulers They gave the impression at this alleged that he made scabs available realize "they can no longer take us hearing of being on a national cru­ in a strike here. for granted." sade against the SWP's request for Like most labor bodies, the unions The long-range goal, he said, is to exemption from disclosure require­ here have generally supported Demo­ promote an awareness of the nature ments. Attorney Kenneth Guido made crats, and even though a number of of the system under which we live and a point of insisting on Common unions are predominantly Chicano, to develop an analysis of that system Cause's right to cross-examine anyone the R UP previously did not get much that will enable the movement to ef­ who had submitted an affidavit on union backing. fectively act against it. FBI harassment or surveillance. In Meza's campaign a good begin­ The risk comes, he continued, in Arguing to have the case dismissed, ning is being made. working for the short-range goals. Deputy Secretary of State Daniel Low­ The San Antonio district of the "There's a real risk that in forcing enstein stated: "Even assuming the Amalgamated Clothing Workers, the powers that be to make some worst results in the world, assuming which organized Farah, has endorsed changes, we can lose sight of the need that harassment does result and that Meza' s campaign. The union has for basic change. People will begin to persons are discouraged from contrib­ 1,300 members, mainly Chicanos. say, 'Look, the system is reacting.'" uting to this campaign, even then the Meza has also been endorsed by the Gutierrez feels the campaign offers law would remain constitutional, be­ Amalgamated Meat Cutters local, an opportunity to move ahead in the cause of the overriding state and pub­ which has 800 members. Franklin immediate sense and, at the same time, lic interest in disclosure." Garcia, an organizer for the Meat Cut­ to carry out basic education. Lowenstein tried to suggest that the Militant/Don Sorsa ters, is actively supporting Meza' s His principal opponent is a Mexi­ SWP's request for exemption was Raza Unida candidates and supporters campaign. (Meza's father is a mem­ based on some vague concept of "un­ were active in Austin protest against can-American Democrat. Going door­ ber of the local.) popularity." police terror. to-door in the Chicano barrio of East Several locals of the International Austin, Gutierrez said, he is some­ Continued on page 26_ Union of Electrical, Radio and Ma­ times asked why he is running against chine Workers are supporting Meza, resented in the state legislature by Joe another Chicano. as are the Service Employees' Inter­ Hernandez, a Mexican-American Dem­ "I'm not," he responds, "He is run­ national Union and the Retail Clerks. ocrat who, in a two-year term, has ning against me." widely discredited himself in the dis­ If he does beat the odds and win "I can say that," Gutierrez explained, trict and among San Antonio union­ the first R UP seat in the state house "because I was in the race first. But ists as well. of representatives, I asked, how would that's not really important. From Meza is Hernandez's sole opponent. he feel about being a minority of one there I get into a structural analysis. The R UP candidate opened his cam­ in the legislature? I tell them, we're past the stage of paign a year ago and has been ring· "That's no problem," he responded. saying that the way we're going to ing doorbells in the district ever since. "I'm used to being in a minority." solve our problems is to get a Mexi­ He is getting a good response in the In Austin, Dr. Armando Gutierrez, can-American in. We've had them in district and- in a new development­ R UP candidate for state representa­ for years, yet nothing has happened. has won the endorsement of a number tive, is confident that he will make Why?" of trade unions. ~ a good showing and, equally impor­ Gutierrez said he is convinced that It is generally agreed that Meza, tant, that the campaign is establish­ social and political awareness is de­ a 27-year-old educational counselor ing La Raza Unida Party in Austin. veloping, "my own, too." He said that at San Antonio Junior College, will A professor of government at the this is true both among the community get a big vote. At least one writer in University of Texas, Gutierrez, 26, people who are supporting his cam­ the San Antonio daily press estimated is a relative newcomer to the RUP. paign and the University of Texas that an upset victory by the RUP He told The Militant that he had been students who are campaigning for nominee is not precluded. active in the Chi~ano movement ear­ him. At Meza's campaign headquarters lier, but got with the RUP in 1972 One indication that this is so came I talked with the candidate, with his when he supported Mufiiz for gover­ a few weeks ago in response to the wife and campaign coordinator, nor. police killing of a Chicano in East Choco Meza, and with Jose Luis Ro­ His understanding of the party at Austin. Gutierrez and others organized driguez, county chairman of the RUP that time was much more elementary a protest march. The Chicano popu­ and publisher of the Chicano Times. than today, he said. "I recognized that lation of the Austin area is about They all feel Meza has a chance of the Democrats and Republicans didn't 15,000. Nearly 1,000 people joined SWP gubernatorial candidate Olga winning. represent the interest of the Chicanos," the barrio march demanding a halt Rodriguez said disclosure law would In 1972 the R UP ran Albert Pefia he said, ''but I pretty much saw La to police terror. mean victimization of her supporters.

10 Largest inde~hdence action in U.S. --- . 20,000 demand: Free Puerto Rico now! By SAM MANUEL NEW YORK- The largest action ever held in the United States in support of Puerto Rican. independence took place here Oct. 27 when 20,000 peo­ ple filled Madison Square Garden for a four-hour rally. The majority of participants were young Puerto Ricans who came from many cities through­ out the U. S. and Puerto Rico. Each paid $3 for admission. Spirits were high during the entire rally with cheers, foot stomping, and applause interrupting many of the speakers and entertainers. As the rally began, chants of "Viva Puerto Rico! Que Viva!" resounded throughout the auditorium. There were huge banners saying "Free Puerto Rico Now!" "Viva Puerto Rico Libre!" and "Independen­ cia Ya, Socialismo Ahora!" ( Indepen­ dence Now, Socialism Now). The rally was called last May by the here, representatives of all nationali­ take-when we discovered Columbus." scanty coverage to the massive rally. Puerto Rican Solidarity Day Commit­ ties and corners of America and the His appeal for solidarity with the Instead, banner headlines, long ar­ tee and cosponsored by scores of or­ world- gathered here today in this Wounded Knee defendants again ticles, and considerable radio and tel­ ganizations and individuals. The na­ great manifestation of support for brought cheers and raised fists. evision time were devoted to report­ tional board of the Solidarity Day Puerto Rico- a greeting of solidarity, Some of the other speakers and en­ ing a terrorist bombing attack on Oct. Committee included, among others, the fervent gratitude and unbreakable tertainers were actress Jane Fonda; 26, allegedly carried out by a Puerto Ram6n Arbona, Puerto Rican Social­ commitment of a Puerto Rico in strug­ Angela Davis, Communist Party; Rican nationalist organization called ist Party; Bert Corona, CASA (Her­ gle, that-with your increasing soli­ Corky Gonzales, Crusade for Justice; the Armed Forces of Puerto Rican Na­ mandad General de Trabajadores); darity and that of so many other thou­ Owusu Sadaukai, former chairman of tional Liberation (FALN). The bomb­ Clyde Bellecourt, American Indian sands of friends of our cause here and the African Liberation Support Com­ ings damaged banks and other finan­ Movement; David Dellinger, Libera­ throughout the world-we will march mittee; Irwin Silber, Guardian; and cial offices in New York City. tion magazine; Irwin Silber, Guard­ forward to the achievement of our im­ Pedro Albizu Meneses, son of the fam­ According to the Oct. 26 New York ian; and Cora Weiss, Women Strike mediate goal: the proclamation of the ous Puerto Rican nationalist leader Post, a woman called the Associated for Peace. independence of Puerto Rico.... " Pedro Albizu Campos. Press just after the bombings and iden­ The principal speaker at the rally Piri Thomas, one of the best-known tified herself as a member of the was Juan Mari Bras, general secretary Geraldo Rivera, a well-known tele­ Puerto Rican writers and author of the F ALN. "We have just bombed im­ of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party. vision reporter in Ne\V York City, autobiographical Down These Mean perialist banks. Free all Puerto Rican Speaking in Spanish, he pointed out dre\V boos when he said, "There was Streets, was one of the masters of cere­ prisoners," she reportedly said. that the present growth of the Puerto a time when I believed Puerto Rico monies. She indicated that a letter had been Rican indepen,dence movement comes should continue association with the Over the speakers platform in the left in a phone booth. This letter, at a time when U. S. imperialism is United States." center of the arena hung large pictures signed by the "Central Command" of "on the defensive." But when he went on to explain that of five Puerto Rican nationalist politi­ the FALN, said, "Today, commando "Its defeat in Korea, Cuba, and Viet­ "I have changed my ideas," he was ap­ cal prisoners held in U. S. prisons. units of FALN attacked major yanki nam signal the accelerated pace of that plauded. He said that he now under­ The five are Lolita Lebr6n, Irving corporations in New York City. These fall," he said. "The inclusion of Guinea­ stands "that certain things were more Flores, Andres Figueroa Cordero, Os­ actions have been taken in commemo­ Bissau among the sovereign nations important or equally as important as car Collazo, and Rafael Cancel Miran­ ration of the October 30, 1950, upris­ of the world represents a great victory the economy-our souls, our pride as da. ing in Puerto Rico against yanki co­ in the anticolonial struggles in Africa a community. Now I believe that to The massive turnout was the result lonial domination. . . . and the rest of the world." protect our identity as Puerto Ricans, of large-scale distribution of literature 'We have opened two fronts, one in He also described how U. S. imper­ we have to enter the family of na­ and poster paste-ups. Hundreds of Puerto Rico and the other in the Unit­ ialism exploits and dominates Puerto tions." people joined in this effort and sup- ed States.... " Rico, and he sharply criticized Puerto The crowd came to its feet when ·port committees were organized in When reporters questioned Juan Ma­ Rican capitalist politicians as "a clique Russell Means and other members of many cities and campuses. The sig­ rl Bras about the terrorist actions, af­ of lackeys." the American Indian Movement ap­ nificance of this activity can be mea­ ter the huge turnout at Madison The proindependence leader ended proached the platform singing native sured by the fact that the capitalist Square Garden, he replied, "I don't with an appeal for continued support American songs and beating a cere­ news media virtually blacked out all know whether these bombs reported in to the independence struggle. "We ex­ monial drum. Means explained that advance coverage of the event. Even the press were part of this diverse press to you, to all of you gathered "the Indian had made only one mis- on the day of the action, they gave Continued on page 26

Students demand Puerto Rican studies control By IZABELLA LISTOPAD and joined by hundreds of other stu~ On the same day the student govern­ hattan's school District 1; and Jose NEW YORK- The Brooklyn College dents and many campus organiza­ ment called for the strike and hun­ Lee Medinas, president of the FUPI campus has been shaken by more tions. dreds of students began churning out (Federaci6n de Universitarios Pro­ than a week of protest sparked by The announcement of Kneller's ap­ leaflets, painting banners, and orga­ Independencia- Federation of Uni­ demands of Puerto Rican students and pointment of Lugo prompted a four­ nizing other strike activity. Both the versity Students for Independence), faculty for control over the adminis­ day sit-in that began Oct. 18 in the student government office and the of­ who had come to Ne\V York from tration of the Puerto Rican studies de­ president's office and moved to the fice of the Puerto Rican studies depart­ Puerto Rico to attend the Oct. 27 Puer­ partment. The protests culminated Oct. office of the registrar in Boylan Hall. ment bec~me organizing centers for to Rican Solidarity Day rally in Mad­ 25 with a rally of 2,000 persons. On Oct. 23 a rally of 500 people the strike. ison Square Garden. At the center of the fight is the de­ assembled on the steps of Boylan Hall At 4:30 the next morning, sherifrs He stated, "We, the students of Puer­ cision on who will be the new chair­ to demand that Sanchez be hired. deputies and hundreds of cops moved to Rico, have been struggling for the person of the department. A search onto the campus to break up the sit-in. same rights and demands that you committee set up by the administra­ Forty-one students and three faculty are struggling for at Brooklyn Col­ tion voted to hire Maria Sanchez, a members were arrested. Five hundred lege." current faculty member who has the students attended an emergency rally Many representatives of campus or­ overwhelming support of students and at noon on the steps of Boylan Hall ganizations also spoke, including the teachers and the unanimous backing to protest the arrests. The 44 were Young Socialist Alliance, the Haitian of the Puerto Rican studies depart­ given 60-day suspended sentences. Student Club, the Caribbean student ment. The Oct. 25 rally of 2,000 was co­ group, the Umoja Society, the Italian­ However, college president John chaired by Paul Kaddish, represent­ American Student Organization, the Kneller ignored the decision of the ing the student government, and Brooklyn College Dance Group, the search committee and appointed Elba Eleidi Cortes, representing the Puerto Puerto Rican Socialist Party, and the Lugo as chairwoman of the depart­ Rican students, who led a loud chant Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers ment. of "Sanchez Si! Lugo No!" as the rally Organization. The Oct. 25 rally was the central opened. Robb Wright of the Brooklyn Col­ activity of a one-day student strike Other speakers included attorney lege Y SA told the crowd it was the called by the Brooklyn College stu­ Conrad Lynn; a representative of the power of mass rallies and demonstra­ dent government in support of the ap­ Militant/Derrick Morrison Congress of African People; Jose Luis tions that could force Kneller to back pointment of Sanchez. The strike came Brooklyn College struggle has received Rodriguez, a Puerto Rican principal down. He urged students already ac­ after several days of protest initiated support from Black and Puerto Rican stu­ recently fired. by the racist majority tive in the struggle to reach out to the primarily by Puerto Rican students dents at other schools. on the local school board in Man- thousands not yet involved.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 11 In Our Opinion Letters

Excellent Boston coverage From Japan As you know I subscribe regularly Since last year in South Korea there A 'stacked' rally? to The Militant and I continue to be have been a variety of courageous The massive rally in Madison Square Garden on Oct. 27 impressed by the high quality of anti-Park and anti-Japan movements was an effective expression of opposition to U. S. imperialist journalism therein displayed. spreading out among the Korean domination of Puerto Rico. A measure of its success was the I take this opportunity to commend people. The pent-up agony and capitalist news media's hostility to it. Especially outrageous the staff for the excellent coverage of anger of the Korean people first was the treatment by the editors of the New York Times, the tragedy of South Boston. It burst into flames with the move­ who not only blacked out advance coverage of the action, is regrettable that the majority of ment started by Seoul University the media have chosen to minimize but tried to link it to terrorist bombings and generally be­ students just one year ago. The the seriousness of that grievous little the significance of the rally and the importance of the struggle against the oppressor and situation. its puppet spread all over the coun­ independence struggle. Thanks again for keeping me in­ try, and in spite of Park's hysteri­ In an Oct. 28 editorial, they charged that "it is doubtless formed. cal repression the struggle has con­ frustration at their inability to persuade fellow Puerto Ricans Louis Stokes tinued among students, intellectuals, in open debate at home that provokes extremist groups to Member of Congress and religious groups. resort to such tactics as bombings and carefully-stacked in­ Washington, D. C. In Japan too, Korean residents dependence rallies in New York." and the progressive Japanese or­ Who "stacked" it? Who are the masters of stagecraft that ganized a supporting movement in whipped together the largest action in support of Puerto Rico's response to the heroic struggle of Cannon fund independence ever held in the United States? Do the Times their comrades in the Korean penin­ Enclosed is my check to the Cannon editors think the participants were paid or maybe even ordered sula. fund. I have to tell you that never Our duty is to organize a wider to come? They don't say. Innuendos, not facts, are good in my life have I felt so inspired enough for them. front to support the anti-Park and by signing a check! anti-Japan struggle of the Korean The truth is that this massive rally was "stacked" by hun­ James Cannon's writings are what people. That is to support Korean dreds of young people who took to the streets to distribute brought me out of the darkness of residents in Japan on the one hand, leaflets, paste up posters, sell tickets, and organize buses. being a reactionary, religious prod­ And those who attended paid $3 each to get in. uct of the South, to the vision and and on the other hand to attack And what facts do the Times editors offer to show that ranks of the dream that was Can­ the racial exclusionism that is spreading even among the left wing. the sentiment for independence is insignificant- so insignifi­ non's-the party and the people who South Korea is a keystone for cant that it leads to "frustration"? will help make a new world. I'm glad I can help in this way. Japanese imperialism, which is at­ They point out that the Puerto Rican Independence Party tempting aggression in Southeast C. F. (PIP) polled only 4 percent of the votes in the 1972 elections Asia. So it is the same for us. We Portland, Ore. and "independence'' won less than 1 percent of the vote in a have to join the anti-Park and an­ 1967 referendum on Puerto Rico's relationship to the U. S. ti-Japan movement of the Korean But these election statistics don't tell the real story of the people in order to crush the ambi­ growing independence sentiment. For one thing, the PIP is Cannon fund II tion of Japanese imperialism to in­ only one among many proindependence organizations in vade Southeast Asian countries. Enclosed please fmd a check made Puerto Rico. Many independentistas did not participate in Down with U.S.-Japan-Park's coun­ out as a contribution to the James the 1972 election and some actively boycotted it. terrevolutionary alliance! P. Cannon Fund. The 1967 figure is worth even less. Fewer than 50 percent Prevent Ford's visit to Japan and Not wishing to mutilate my Mili­ of Puerto Rico's qualified voters even voted in the plebiscite. the Republic of Korea! tant, I am not using the form for Long live the solidarity of the op­ The independentistas organized an effective boycott and mass the purpose of selecting my free copy actions against the plebiscite and for independence. Even pressed people all over the world! of a Cannon publication. I should Michihiro Sasaki for the central though only 4, 248 people voted for independence, proinde­ like to have Speeches for Socialism. committee of the Dohgakkai, Student pendence rallies of 10,000 and 30,000 were held on April In our era of mass recognition of the Autonomy of Kyoto University 16 and July 4 leading up to the July 23 plebiscite. evils of capitalism, there is much Kyoto, Japan These actions expressed far more accurately the growing need for this kind of publication of sympathy for independence than the election figures, which basic solutions. Maybe I can spread are usually a conservative gauge of political development. it around a little. Proindependence sentiment has deepened in recent years. R.S. Women's studies center This was reflected in the mass antidraft movement during the Sellersville, Pa. I am working with Northern illinois Vietnam war, when thousands of Puerto Rican youth refused University's Women's Studies Center. to be inducted into the U. S. Army. More recently, a mass Many of the women here have al­ movement has arisen, demanding a stop to U.S. target prac­ ready recognized the contradictions tice on Culebra. Gay libera!i~n in capitalist society, but they are But trying to disparage the size and significance of the I have noticed during the past sev­ looking for a perspective. Madison Square Garden rally isn't enough for the editors eral years that The Militant occa­ The Militant, I think, would be of the Times. They try to smear it by linking it to terrorist sionally reports on the gay libera­ most helpful to these women. It has bombings that took place the day before. tion struggle-not often, but enough the best analysis of the women's For the Times to attack any section of the proindependence to indicate your general support. movement, and all the struggles movement as violent is pure hypocrisy, since it supports the These articles are few and far be­ toward liberation. colonial relationship that is responsible for the violent repres­ tween; this does little to strengthen For that reason, I am asking you support among gays for the revolu­ sion and exploitation of the Puerto Rican people. to send the center a one-year sub­ tionary movement. From the standpoint of the proindependence movement and scription. Enclosed please find a Unless you can deny that gays check. those in this country who support it, the series of bombings, are an oppressed minority in Amer­ K.J. carried out by a small handful of persons, was a grave dis­ ican society, and unless you can DeKaZb, nl. service. It was not effective in helping to win broader support deny that they should play a sig­ to the struggle for Puerto Rican independence. On the contrary, nificant role in the coming social­ it unnecessarily gave the capitalist rulers an opening to smear ist revolution, then the only remedy the genuinely mass action at Madison Square Garden and try for the past de-emphasis on gay to discredit it in the eyes of millions of American people. liberation in The Militant is the in­ Great to be back Groups organized to carry out individual acts of terror or stitution of a regular gay column. sabotage are also easy prey for agents provocateurs. In Rudy Harner Having moved from Ann Arbor to fact, it's possible that government provocateurs were involved Charlottesville, Va. Ford country recently, I had been in the New York bombings. feeling somewhat downhearted. Un­ But the Times' lies, slanders, and innuendos are not going til one day I ran across the Michi­ gan-Indiana Young Socialist team, to prevail. The Madison Square Garden rally was too big, Best wishes that is. I enjoyed being in the com­ too successful, and involved too many people for its imp act I believe I have gotten some sub­ pany of fellow socialists again, and to be smeared out of existence. It points the way to even scribers to The Militant by leaving it also gave me an easy chance greater support in the U. S. for a free Puerto Rico. copies in front of lodge halls and in to renew my Militant and Interna­ phone booths. I am on Social Se­ tional Socialist Review subscriptions. curity, which doesn't go far, but It's great to be back! The Militant here is a dollar to help pay postage. is the best radical paper around. Best wishes to all the staff. Keep it up. e.G. Maureen Michael Fremont, Ohio Grand Rapids, Mich.

12 National Picket Line Frank Lovell

'Clean your plate' Shanker & racism in the schools Nothing can make clearer where A report by New York City Human Rights Com­ theme- a tirade against the use of hiring quotas Ford and Company are coming missioner Eleanor Holmes Norton says racial clash­ to increase the number of Black teachers. from than the statements Ford made es in the city's high schools are "virtually predictable." Shanker, who takes pride in his background as a when outlining his "whip inflation" Norton says she hopes New York will not have philosophy student, spends half his column arguing plan. One in particular ought to to learn the lessons of integration the way Boston that it is a purely arbitrary decision who is Black. serve as a perfect reminder to mil­ has, but there is little to indicate that school authori­ He approvingly quotes from an article in the Natio~ lions of working people in this coun­ ties in New York City are less bigoted than those al Review that asked, "How does anyone, anywhere, try that he is and always was a in Boston or more willing to improve the quality of know who is black, or who is white, or who is what­ member of that ruling layer of this education. ever?" society that lives in oversupply The Norton report recommends a few palliatives After dispensing with the oppression of Blacks by this simple sleight of hand, Shanker informs us: "The rather than want: He stated earnestly such as workshops to make teachers more sensitive to minority needs, and special orientation guidance clear intent of the 14th Amendment was to end racial that the first words he remembered discrimination. If the 14th Amendment is to be ad­ hearing in his home were "Clean for Black and Puerto Rican students who are bused into formerly all-white districts. hered to, racial discrimination and racia:I preference off your plate." Racism does not begin in the schools. It is a perma­ must give way to racial equality." Thus, Shanker As long as it is this greedy group It would have us believe, hiring quotas are "discrimina­ of people that tells the rest of us to nent feature of capitalist society. is aggravated now by the economic crisis, which is grinding against the "tighten our belts" there can be no tory" and wrong. The fact is that there is no racial equality in this solution to inflation, unemployment, poor of all races. society. That is why the parents of Black and other ad nauseum. As Debby Bustin said, This prompts demands in every community for better education. Parents hope their children can get minority students are forced to wage such bitter strug­ socialist ideas are indeed having a a better chance in this harsh and competitive society. gles to get more minority teachers into the schools, greater believability-"now more But the schools everywhere are deteriorating, not and why quotas are needed to enforce real equality than ever." improving. in hiring. Erin Molenaar Parents in school districts where the standard of Shanker tries to turn the Fourteenth Amendment Seattle, Wash. education is lowest- those districts where Blacks, into an endorsement of present discriminatory prac­ Chicanos, and Puerto Ricans live- are demanding tices. His purpose is to maintain a job trust for control of the schools, more money to operate them, high-seniority white teachers in the New York school system. Prisoners column and the hiring of teachers who are sympathetic to their problems. -Cutbacks by the New York central school board I am one of the two remaining Unfortunately the United Federation of Teachers have meant the firing of hundreds of teachers. Under Leavenworth Brothers who await ( UFT) leadership, under the control of Albert Shank­ Shanker's policies the UFT, instead of ftghting these trial stemming from the July 1973 er, is vehemently opposed to community control of .cutbacks, just tries to make sure they fall hardest rebellion. I personally would like schools in Black, Puerto Rican, and other ghetto on Blacks and Puerto Ricans. to see a small column on prisoners districts. When parents have tried to elect their own This is what helps create the conditions that, as the in your paper because I feel it representatives to local school boards, the UFT has Norton report says, make racial clashes "virtually would be in the best interests of the poured money and organizers into the campaign to predictable." overall struggle. We prisoners are a reflection of defeat them. The teachers union could go a long way toward Of course, Shanker is not opposed to community eliminating violence in the schools if it would stop oppressed people, who are the peo­ control of predominantly white districts, and he goes cooperating with the racist school boards and instead ple your publication represents. I might add that each prison has a along with segregationist sentiments like those of join with the oppressed communities to fight for better horror story to share of what goes many white parents in Boston. schools. on in their yard, which the public Shanker's thoughts are printed at union expense But that will require wholehearted support to those communities' demands for more minority teachers should be kept up on. every Sunday in a New York Times advertisement His Oct. 20 column is devoted to a favorite Shanker and control over their own schools. A prisoner Kansas

On education By Any Means Necessary Until recently, the children of the poor and the powerless were looked on as biological "garbage." Today, Baxter Smith however, educators argue that "so­ cioeconomic conditions" prevent poor children from learning. In other words, they have now become so­ Blacks in the 'cradle of liberty' ciological "garbage." BOSTON- The virulent racism that has surfaced Black unemployment in 1973 was 12.5 percent in But let some teacher succeed with here during the past few weeks in violent attacks on Boston, according to the Labor Department, almost a class of ghetto children and they school desegregation has prompted more than a few twice the rate of white unemployment, 7. 7 percent. will hound him out of school. That observers to wonder aloud how such an ugly mess The median income for Blacks falls more than one success would destroy in a flash could occur in the "cradle of liberty." . $2,500 below the city-wide median. As a result, some the whole foundation of lies on which After all, wasn't Boston the home of many aboli­ 70 percent of families receiving public assistance the schools' rest. tionists and the seat of antislavery movements? And are Black, although Blacks are only 17 percent of Is it any wonder that so many chil­ wasn't it in 1855 that the state legislature passed a the city population. dren never learn to read, or that so law prohibiting segregated schools, making Massa­ Most Blacks in the city live in an area resembling many of our schools are run like chusetts the first state in the Union to do so? Isn't a horseshoe around the city's largest park, Franklin jails? Massachusetts the first state since Reconstruction to Park. The area stretches from Jamaica Plain up The conclusion is clear: The only send a Black person, Edward Brooke ( R-Mass. ), to through Roxbury and the South End and back down _ way our educators will recognize the U. S. Senate? through North Dorchester and Mattapan. A pocket their responsibility to the chil- Yes, that's all true. But for Black people in Boston, of Blacks also exists on Columbia Point dren is for them to be made directly there's not much "liberty." To someone wllo has lived in the ghettos of New responsible to the citizens of each The public schools are still segregated, and the York, Philadelphia, or Baltimore, housing in the community. The citizens of every education and motivation that Black students get Black community here would come as a surprise. local in America should run their are pitiful indeed. You don't find block after block of rubble as in own schools. Comparative reading scores show that Black stu­ those cities. Many of the wood-frame and clapboard J.C.A dents on the average fall several grade levels behind homes are walk-arounds and have driveways and New York, N.Y. white students. The odds against a Black student tidy lawns that are bursting with autumn hues these - graduating from public school and going on to col­ days. But the housing image can be deceptive. lege are 12 times greater than those against a white Population density is among the highest in these student. Black areas, and there is also more abandoned and The criminal part is not just that Black students ramshackle housing there than anywhere else in the The letters column is an open forum have been segregated, but that the entire school ap­ city. for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ paratus is discriminatory and larded with racism. Just a short drive out from Dudley Square in the eral interest to our readers. Please Black teachers are far fewer than what their num­ heart of Roxbury confirms the picture of oppression keep your letters brief. Where neces­ bers should be. Newly hired Black teachers report the statistics reveal on paper. sary they will be abridged. Please in­ that they are not paid at the same scale as incoming Men with the tired look of grinding poverty on dicate if your name may be used or white teachers. Blacks comprise 36 percent of public their faces stand on the corners laughing and jiving if you prefer that your initials be used school students, yet only 18 out of 491 school ad­ to hide the pain. Teenagers swig from bottles wrapped instead. ministrators are Black- a paltry 3.5 percent. in brown paper bags while women scurry from store But if the situation facing Black students sounds to store seeking one good bargain for that last dollar. bad, the situation that Blacks as a whole face is even A message daubed on a wall on Warren Street ex­ worse. horts: "Wake up, niggers, before it's too late."

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 13 The Great Society Harry Ring

Surprisingly?-"NEW YORK- Sur­ The branding iron works, humanely, reduced to its chemicals you would ple of "what we talk about when we prisingly, over 60 percent of cash and with indelible ink. Just $3,500. Mice have brought but $3.50 on the open talk about love." equipment stolen from firms by em­ not included. market and in 1936 only 98 cents. ployes is taken by supervisors and Neat and cozy- Rockefeller's $150,- executives."- the Worcester Telegram." Progress report- California officials Not on health?- At least 10 new ciga­ 000 gift to William Ronan when he report progress is being made so rap­ rettes are being test-marketed. "The assumed directorship of the New York idly in clearing the sewage out of emphasis in new brands," the Wall Port Authority was particularly Shop early for Xmas-Neiman-Mar­ San Francisco Bay that the quarantine Street Journal reports, "is on pack­ moving since he obviously expected cus didn't build a better mousetrap, on at least some of the shellfish beds aging." nothing in return. True, Ronan did but the Texas store is offering a mouse will be lifted as early as 1983. launch the project to build the giant ranch. Carefully scaled to size in a How passionate can you get?-Mal­ World Trade Center in an area of three-by-four-foot Lucite box, it in­ The silver lining- To underline that colm Wilson, Nelson Rockefeller's suc­ downtown New York largely owned cludes tiny windmills, corrals, fences, inflation isn't all bad, a Northwestern cessor as governor of New York, said by Rocky's brother. And the good feed containers, and two pastures for University biochemist reported that that Rocky's gift of $550,000 to governor did rent a lot of office space the mice to roam in. In place of a the human body is now worth about William Ronan, head of the New York there for state agencies. But all of lasso, there are silver-plated tweezers. $5.60. In 1969 if your body was Port Authority, was a splendid exam- that, clearly, was pure coincidence.

Women In Revolt f4l!?MISM Linda Jenness Christina Adachi for U.S. Senate PITTSBURGH A candidate for city council and National Women's World War II they were among the thousands of news conference was Political Caucus advisory board member, told the Japanese-Americans rounded up in this country held here recently to an­ media, "Christina Adachi is the only candidate and thrown into concentration camps. Mter their nounce the formation of for the U.S. Senate in Pennsylvania who repre­ release they moved to Chicago looking for work. Republicans and Dem­ sents the views of the majority in this matter." Christina and her two brothers and a sister were ocrats for Adachi. Also appearing at the news conference were Mary born and raised in Chicago. Christina Adachi is the Robison, former Democratic committeewoman and I asked Christina what her family thought of her Socialist Workers Party coordinator of Roman Catholics for the Right to political involvement. "Mainly, n she said, "people candidate for U. S. Sen­ Choose, and Christina Adachi. who went through the experience of the camps ate from Pennsylvania. I had the opportunity to talk to Christina Adachi during World War II are very cautious and are Republicans and Dem­ more about her campaign and herself on a trip afraid to become involved. n ocrats for Adachi was from Pittsburgh to Edinboro, where I was sched­ formed by a group of uled to give a speech. (Incidentally, 150 people "Their fear isn't unfounded," she added. "About prominent Pennsylvania Christina Adachi attended this meeting; 34 of them endorsed Adachi's a month ago the Immigration Service came to women who have campaign, and several joined the Young Socialist my apartment. They said they were checking to thrown their support to Adachi primarily because Alliance.) see if I was an American citizen! Can you imagine? of her active support for a woman's right to choose Christina has been politically active for several I'm a candidate for U.S. Senate, born and raised abortion. years. Before joining the socialist movement she here, my parents were born and raised here­ Both of Adachi's opponents, incumbent Republi­ was a supporter of Shirley Chisholm. In fact, and thrown into concentration camps- and these can Richard Schweiker and Democratic Pittsburgh she ran as a Chisholm delegate from St. Louis people want to know if I'm a citizen. n Mayor Pete Flaherty, are supporting reactionary for the 1972 Democratic Party convention. She Christina has been undemocratically ruled off legislation aimed at restricting the availability of participated in the antiwar and feminist move­ the ballot because she is not yet 30 years old. abortions. ments and after coming to Pittsburgh was a co­ At the meeting in Edinboro, people were urged "Christina Adachi is a clear-cut choice for wom­ editor of a community newspaper called South to write in her name for the Nov. 5 elections. en and men in Pennsylvania. There can be no of the River. A group of women from the Erie, Pa., NOW other," Ann Pride said at the news conference. She is now a student at the University of Pitts­ had driven to Edinboro for the meeting. One of Pride is a Republican and the state coordinator burgh and a member of both the Young Social­ them commented that it "was great to have some­ of the domestic relations task force for the Na­ ist Alliance and Socialist Workers Party. one to vote for, and tell others to vote for, that tional Organization for Women (NOW). Christina's parents are both first-generation you don't have to apologize for. n Dr. Jo-Ann Evans Gardner, former Republican Japanese-Americans, born in California. During My sentiments exactly. The American Way of Life

'How I learned to stop worrying ... ' Nuclear weapons are thorough. Mter the blast prevents most of the sun's radiation from reach­ viet Union that would be to blame. Everyone that levels a city, fire storms burn whatever­ ing the surface of the earth. Scientists believe that knows, of course, that American-made H-bombs and whoever- is left. Lethal radiation makes the even a small reduction in this protective layer­ are benign. place uninhabitable for future generations. made up of oxygen molecules clustered in groups Displaying their usual candor, Pentagon offi­ The Pentagon, while maintaining a nuclear ar­ of three, instead of the normal two-would re­ cials have refused to make public the actual studies senal capable of eliminating every man, wom­ sult in a rapid increase in skin cancer among on the possible effects of nuclear explosions on an, and child on earth several thousand times humans. A 50 percent drop in ozone would in­ the ozone layer. Their contention is that a nu­ over, has demonstrated its concern for human crease by 10 times the amount of ultraviolet rays clear war "would have the effect of lowering the life by calculations showing that a full-scale nu­ reaching the surface of the earth. "The question ozone content over the temperate regions to about clear war would only do away with a few tens then arises," wrote a scientific panel studying the the level that normally prevails over the tropical of millions on each side. That's no worse than ozone layer, "as to whether man and other liv­ region. the results of famine, and we already have those ing organisms could sustain such increases." "Since life goes on in the tropical region," re­ going in Mrica and Asia. ports the Oct. 17 New York Times, "Pentagon of­ Recently, however, new assurances were neces­ Dr. Fred Ikle, the director of the Arms Con­ ficials see no reason to conclude that a substantial sary to counteract the "subversives" and "nervous trol and Disarmament Agency, has explained that depletion of tlie ozone layer over the temperate Nellies" among us who have been giving the H­ sharp increases in the amount of ultraviolet ra­ region as a result of a nuclear war would have bomb a bad press. It was reported Oct. 17: "The diation could destroy critical links in the food a serious adverse effect on living matter." Defense Department estimates that an all-out nu­ chain and "thus shatter the ecological structure The only problem the atomaniacs have disre­ clear war would significantly deplete the protec­ that permits man to remain alive on this planet." garded is: If New York and Chicago become like tive layer of ozone in the stratosphere but not The Pentagon estimates that the ozone layer the tropics, what will the tropics be like? to the point of endangering the continuance of would be depleted by 50 to 75 percent in a nu­ But the people living there are foreigners; per­ life on earth." clear war- although it hastens to add that it would haps the Pentagon took that into account after The ozone layer in the earth's upper atmosphere be the large strategic warheads used by the So- all. -DAVE FRANKEL

14 Labor support boosts strike at Macmillan By CAROL LISKER three large trucks with books and of­ NEW YORK- Labor support is fice furniture from these departments. growing for the strike called at Mac­ The library and reference depart­ millan, Inc., in response to the firing ments were among those dismantled of 200 to 300 book publishing work­ by the company in conjunction with ers Oct 14-16. the wholesale firings. Although Mac­ The firings were an attempt to bust millan .claims that these departments a union-organizing drive by Local were phased out for economic reasons, 153 of the Office and Profession­ it has recently disclosed that it intends al Employees International Union to reopen the corporate library in (OPEIU), AFL-CIO. Chicago and hire a new reference staff there. Carol Lisker is a member of the The two persons arrested were held organizing committee at Macmil­ at the police station for a couple of lan, Inc., for Local 153, OPEIU, hours, then served summonses and AFL-C/0. released. Support for the Macmillan strike has The strike received a big boost last also come from the Center for United week when Teamsters Local 814 Labor Action, Office Workers United, agreed to honor the picket lines at the the Coalition of Labor Union Women, company's Riverside, N.J., ware­ and candidates of the New York So­ house. Most of the transport in and cialist Workers Party. out of the warehouse is driven by District 65 of the Distributive Work­ Teamster members. ers has been participating in the picket Other workers at the warehouse are lines, and a statement of support was conducting an organizing drive with issued by the executive board of Amer­ the Philadelphia local of the OPEIU. ican Federation of State, County and The Riverside warehouse handles all Municipal Employees Local 1930, of Macmillan's shipping operations Strikers have maintained around-the-clock picket line at publishing house New York Library Guild. for the East Coast and Europe. The On Oct. 25, all three New York City Macmillan organizing committee has Oct. 18 on behalf of the council, ex­ around-the-clock picket line there since Militant Forums- Upper West Side, set up around-the-clock picket lines pressing support for the strike and Oct. 25 to prevent the company from Lower Manhattan, and Brooklyn­ at Riverside, which is a two-and-a­ requesting a meeting with Hagel.· removing the holdings of the corpo­ heard speakers from the Macmillan half-hour drive from New York City. Early on the morning of Oct. 27, rate library and reference departments organizing committee. Unionists from Support has also come from the two pickets were arrested and others from the building. Harper & Row and activists in an New York City Central Labor Coun­ were roughed up as cops broke up Nonunion drivers and loaders ar­ organizing drive at G. P. Putnam's cil of the AFL-CIO. Council President the picket line at the company's ser­ rived on the scene about 1 a.m. on also spoke. One hundred dollars was Harry Van Arsdale sent Macmillan vice entrance on 53rd Street. Oct. 27 and- after the cops broke collected at these meetings for the chairman Raymond Hagel a telegram Strikers had been maintaining an through the picket line-loaded up strike fund. Macmillan strikers say: 'We need a union' The Militant asked some of the ac­ July, but she was rehired within sev­ fight to get what they want and de­ tivists on the Macmillan organizing eral days because of action by Local serve." committee working with Local 153, 153 and the organizing committee. Tamara Watson is a staunch advo­ Office and Professional Employees In­ The union filed a charge with the cate of women's liberation. "Even be­ ternational Union, to explain why National Labor Relations Board, and fore the firings," she said, ''the low they had become involved in the or­ the organizing committee publicized wages, poor benefits, and discrimina­ ganizing drive. the incident at Macmillan, where pe­ tory policies offered by Macmillan Bill Kirkwood was the corporate titions demanding her rehiring were convinced me we needed a real organi­ librarian at Macmillan until he was circulated. zation and strong bargaining power fired in the Oct. 14-16 purge. He had -and that means a union." been active in the civil rights move­ Mary Malloy was involved in the Doug LaFrenier, a copywriter for ment in Oklahoma in the early 1960s. antiwar and women's liberation move­ the Free Press, part of Macmillan's "I'm prounion," he said. "Always have ments while attending the University book-publishing operations, was ac­ been. My grandfather was a meat of California at San Diego. She was tive in the antiwar movement at Adel­ packer in the worst of times, and also active in protests against the coup phi University on Long Island. He union was always a good word in in Chile last fall, just before moving said he had worked at jobs before our house." to New York. She went to work for where he belonged to a union, and Macmillan as a researcher and was knew how much better off workers Sammy Lashinsky is 26 years old among those fired last month. are when they're organized. and is attending college while she Malloy became involved in the or­ "I think a lot of people who had holds a job at Macmillan. She had ganizing drive "because I knew I gone through the antiwar movement never been involved in any political couldn't survive psychologically or and then sort of settled down to play or social movements before becom­ economically unless I got involved. the game are waking up again in ing active in the union drive. "I had The whole situation at Macmillan is fights like this one," LaFrenier com­ nothing to lose and everything to that people are kept apart, and the mented. linda Harms gain," she said. union, the women's group, and the Does he think the workers at Mac­ Mary Malloy is active in...... union organiz- Lashinsky was arbitrarily fired last strike all brought people together to millan will win this fight? "Hell, yes!" ····-· ing drive. Los Angeles transit workers end walkout By HARRY RING The bus drivers, members of the thirty-fourth to fourteenth place na­ agreement as "not bad- but not good, LOS ANGELES- By a vote of 1,709 United Transportation Union, and the tionally in hourly wages. either." to 1,00 1, bus drivers here accepted a mechanics, members of the Amalga­ One issue that caused many of the The strike, which shut down public new contract Oct. 16, ending their mated Transit Union, were seeking workers to vote against the agree­ transit in Los Angeles and three ad­ strike against the Southern California substantial wage increases to place ment, a union spokesperson said, was joining counties, assumed a special Rapid Transit District ( R TD). A week them on a par with transit workers that only 30 cents of the 68-cent hour­ importance in the context of the earlier, striking mechanics also voted elsewhere. They were also determined ly increase will be retroactive to June spreading militancy of public workers. to accept a new agreement. to resist management efforts to vir­ 1, when their old contract expired. The The efforts of the R TD to either force The strike, which lasted 66 days, tually scrap a cost-of-living escalator other 38 cents begins when they return the unionists back to work or impose was marked by a management effort clause in the union contracts. to work. compulsory arbitration on them was to build up enough public sentiment The mechanics were demanding a clearly intended to begin to curb that against the workers to force a strike­ 46 percent increase over a two-year Many of the workers apparently felt militancy and to restore restrictions breaking compulsory arbitration bill period, and the drivers 39 percent. that, with the rapid rise in the cost of that had long prevailed on the right of through the state legislature. In this They settled for a 24 percent in­ living, they should have stuck it out public workers to strike. unsuccessful effort, the R TD had the crease. They preserved their cost-of­ for a more substantial increase. Their active support of Los Angeles Mayor living clause and won a small im­ total solidarity in the face of the The RTD bosses will no doubt not Tom Bradley, a liberal Democrat. provement in it. Increased pension whipped-up clamor against them cer­ give up on their efforts. But the un­ State and local politicians and the benefits were also won. tainly made greater gains a pos­ shakable solidarity of the transit media joined in the hue and cry The 24 percent hourly increase sibility. w :>rkers dealt a setback to their reac­ against the strikers. moves the Los Angeles unionists from One worker described the new tionary plan.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 15 Black liberation and the class struggle What strategy for the Black liberatio Last ol a series posing the existing level of conscious­ By TONY THOMAS ness of the masses to their objective In past articles we have outlined the needs- that is, the full revolutionary need for a socialist revolution to lay program. the basis for Black liberation and the One is the sectarian form of refus­ need for a multinational Marxist party ing to relate to the demands and con­ to make that revolution. cerns of the masses if they are not Today only a tiny number of Afro­ explicitly "revolutionary." For in­ Americans and other workers agree stance, sectarians such as those of the with this. The question is therefore Progressive Labor Party refuse to posed: How to get from where we support nationalist demands of are now to socialist revolution? What Blacks, because in their eyes such slo­ strategy and tactics are needed to gans and demands are not socialist. bring about a change in mass con­ Another form this error takes is the sciousness and organization? opportunist approach, which is to re­ We have shown in earlier articles fuse to advance demands that go be­ how the contradictions of capitalism yond the current consciousness of the itself sow the seeds for the radicali­ masses. zation of the working masses and the Both approaches are wrong. In the Black community. For example, we current epoch of imperialism, the im­ can see how the experience of the In­ mediate concerns of the masses- ele­ dochina war deepened the questioning mentary as they may seem- are di­ of the government in this country. rectly related to the most profound And the effects of inflation are lay­ tasks of the socialist revolution. ing the basis for deepening the work­ At the Third Congress of the Com­ ers' struggles. munist International ( Comintern) in While favorable objective conditions 1921, the delegates discussed how to can bring about a deep radicalization avoid these errors in the Comintern 's and massive struggles, by themselves Theses on Tactics. they are insufficient to bring about They resolved, "The revolutionary the victory of the socialist revolution. character of the present epoch consists In countless situations- such as precisely in this, that the most modest Spain in the 1930s, Indonesia in the conditions of life for the working 1960s, and Portugal and Chile more masses are incompatible with the exis­ recently- revolutionary upsurges tence of capitalist society, and that have been blocked. On a world scale therefore the fight for even the most the objective conditions for revolution modest demands grows into the fight have not been lacking; what has been for communism." lacking is a revolutionary leadership. They urged revolutionary Marxists to "put forward demands whose ful­ Militant/George Bosley In Chile, Portugal, and Spain the Atlanta Socialist Workers Party leader Vince Eagan speaking at protest against police filment is an immediate and urgent masses were led by Stalinists and so­ brutality. SWP urges deepening of mass struggle rather than reliance on capitalist working-class need, and they must cial democrats, whose strategy was politicians. to subordinate the mass upsurge to fight for these demands in mass strug­ making deals with capitalist poli­ gle, regardless of whether they are ticians. compatible with the profit economy of The key to a successful revolution the capitalist class or not." Success in such struggles would be tionary socialist lessons from these is the existence of a revolutionary lead­ "If the demands correspond to the a step forward. Furthermore, it is struggles. ership of the decisive sections of the vital needs of broad proletarian through such struggles that the mass­ For example, Vince Eagan, candi­ masses: a mass revolutionary work­ masses and if these masses feel that es of the Black community can take date of the Socialist Workers Party for ers party. they cannot exist unless these demands initial steps against the capitalist sys­ governor of Georgia, has played a The construction of such a party are met," decided the Comintern Con­ tem and its institutions. leading role in various coalitions in entails winning the masses to its basic gress, "then the struggle for these de­ A central element of the orientation the ongoing struggle against SWAT principles in the course of struggle mands will be the starting-point of of revolutionsts participating in these and other police brutality in Atlanta. and educating them to the key stra­ the struggle for power." struggles has been to propose prole­ The SWP has tried to build the most tegic concepts needed for the work­ The starting point of the struggle tarian methods of struggle- that is, massive possible protest against spe­ ers to take power. to build a revolutionary party is in forms of mass action that demonstrate cific actions and terrorist organiza­ the day-to-day struggles of the work­ and bring to bear the power of the tions of the police. At the same time Concerns of the masses ing masses. The task is to teach the working masses. the SWP points out that only the total Two types of errors can be made by masses through their own experiences The power of mass action is the only expulsion of the police from the Black revolutionaries participating in the that the struggles for their own im­ force that can wrest concessions from community, and their replacement by class struggle. Both consist of counter- mediate demands are linked with the the ruling class, as has been demon­ self-defense organizations controlled struggle for workers' power and so­ strated throughout the history of the by the Black community, can really cialism. Black struggle. end police terror. Such a program of demands must Mass actions and the winning of This, in turn, can be achieved only present realistic solutions to the prob­ partial gains- such as dismissal and through revolutionary action against lems facing the masses. It must at conviction of a killer-cop or the aboli­ capitalism. the same time lead, in the course of tion of SWAT-help give the masses The socialists also explain that the mass struggle for these demands, to confidence in their own power. They Republican and Democratic parties an ever higher level of understanding, undermine the ruling class's attempt are obstacles to the struggle against independent organization, and mobili­ to make the masses feel that political police terror. Vince Eagan pointed out zation of the working class against and economic decisions are not the af­ to Black activists that Mayor Maynard the capitalist class. fairs of working people. Instead, mass Jackson and other Black Democratic This is what Marxists call a transi­ action around the needs .of the masses politicians sided fundamentally with tional strategy. moves toward the socialist goal: that the capitalist repressive system rather the workers should take power and than with the struggle of the Black take control of their own lives. community to defend itself from the Mass action Mass actions also serve to expose police. An example of the application of the real nature of the capitalist class this strategy by socialists can be seen and its system. Thus, the civil rights United front in the struggle against police brutality movement, the ghetto rebellions, Af­ One of the key elements of strategy in Atlanta and other cities. These ro-American high school and campus in advancing the class struggle is the struggles have usually been centered actions, struggles for Black control united front. Developed by Lenin and on demands for the trial and convic­ of the Black community, and Black Trotsky, it flows from recognition that tion of individual racist killer-cops, workers' actions on the job have all masses of workers and other op­ or the elimination of special repres­ contributed to heightening the con­ preo~sed people still follow reformist, sive police units used to terrorize the sciousness of Black people. or even capitalist leaders, yet they Black community, such as Atlanta's are willing to go into action in defense SWAT (Special Weapons and Tac­ Socialist participation of their class interests. tical) Squad. Revolutionists who participate in Lenin pointed out that in this situa­ In themselves, such struggles cannot such struggles try to link them with tion it is the duty of revolutionary so­ The Third International led by Lenin eliminate police brutality. However, the overall socialist aims, both in cialists to initiate united fronts around elaborated transitional strategy linking it would be a mistake for revolution­ methods of struggle and in program. specific demands in the workers' inter­ day-to-day struggles with socialist rev­ ary socialists to disregard them for They combine building the mass ests. The aim of such fronts is to in­ olution. this reason. . movement with drawing the revolu- volve all organizations and individ-

16 S.F. labor mobilization needed to stop 'Prop L' By NAT WEINSTEIN workers but in the private sector. 1 struggle today? SAN FRANCISCO- Five hundred But more important to them, it trade unionists and supporters rallied seems, is to avoid a course that might uals willing to struggle. By partici­ for support to Democrats- as, for ex­ on the steps of city hall Oct. 19 for the further undermine their class-col­ pating in such activities, revolution­ ample, the Communist Party does­ defeat of Proposition L in the Nov. laborationist politics. The passage of aries are able to draw broader layers they are contradicting the revolution­ 5 election. Proposition L would continue the ero­ of the masses into struggle and at ary aim of workers' power. They are The proposition, an amendment to sion of the bargaining position of the the same time expose the nonrevolu­ justifying the rule of the racists, op­ the city charter, would institute wage­ labor tops with the capitalist politi­ tionary leaderships that shy away pressors, and exploiters, regardless of setting criteria that would effectively cians, who are pointing to labor's from any mass struggle. their intentions. cut wages of city workers. The lowest­ inability to "deliver the vote" as justi­ For revolutionists this strategy is Revolutionary socialists call for a paid- mostly Blacks, other minor­ fication for more openly antilabor key to gaining the confidence of the mass break from the Democratic and ities, and women-would be hardest stands. masses by proving the superiority of Republican parties. This is expressed hit. The labor bureaucracy's twisted revolutionary strategy in action. in the SWP's call for the formation of The speakers, evenly divided be­ logic is evidently that the lesser evil During the height of direct U.S. in­ a labor and a mass Black political tween labor officials and Democratic would be to suffer a setback without volvement in Vietnam, the SWP and party, and its support to Raza Unida and Republican Party politicians, hit a serious fight rather than mount a the Young Socialist Alliance worked parties in the Southwest away at Proposition L as a vicious determined campaign and possibly to build united-front-type coaUtions of The formation of such parties on piece of antilabor legislation designed lose anyway. many organizations opposing thewar. a mass scale would help advance the to qualitatively set back union power And it is bitterly ironic that the bu­ This broad movement- which drew struggles of Blacks, Chicanos, and here. reaucrats will no doubt use the pas- in many Blacks and other working all working people. This would also people as well as students- helped to be a step toward the goal of forging radicalize those who were involved as a mass, multinational revolutionary well as others who sympathized with workers party that can topple capital­ it Through this involvement thou­ ism entirely. sands of antiwar activists were A strategy of class independence brought into contact with the YSA means trying to involve masses of and SWP, and many joined. people- who may still believe in the This strategy also mobilized the capitalist politicians- in action broadest and most effective political against the government And it means aid to the Indochinese freedom fight­ helping them, through struggles, to ers. advance their consciousness, broaden­ ing the mass base of the struggle, and Class independence exposing the limitations of the Dem­ Of decisive importance to the class ocrats and Republicans. struggle in the United States is the fight for political independence of the Socialist education Black masses and the working class Just as essential as organizing mass as a whole from the capitalist parties. struggles is a continual campaign of In this country the masses of Af­ socialist education about the need to ro-Americans and other workers see overthrow capitalism, the nature of no independent working-class alter­ capitalist institutions such as the Dem­ Rally against antilabor 'Proposition L' Oct. 19. Turnout could have been far greater, native to the Democratic Party. By ocratic Party and the police, and the but union officials made little effort to build demonstration. and large, they continue to vote for advantages of socialism. Democrats, who are controlled by the This education will begin to open the same racist, imperialist interests that minds of broader layers to the types But the real story of this rally, spon­ sage of Proposition L to justify sup­ are responsible for class exploitation of actions they will have to take as sored by Local 250A, Transport port for next year's crew of Demo­ and class oppression. the struggle deepens. It can draw mili­ Workers Union (TWU), and endorsed cratic and Republican fakers to re­ In recent years the capitalist par- tants into the revolutionary socialist by a broad spectrum of other unions, place last year's discredited ones. party. And it can inspire those in was symbolized by the relatively low Why has this antilabor proposition struggle with hope in the future and turnout. been able to win such popularity? For confidence in the justice of their fight. This was the result of the failure one thing, the employing class has This is why one of the key activities of almost all the participating unions taken advantage of every opportunity of the SWP and YSA right now is to make any serious effort to mobilize for dividing the working-class voters speaking, writing, selling revolution­ their ranks. Almost no notice of the of the city. ary literature, and in other ways rally was circulated, either through Billboard posters have sprung up bringing socialist ideas to as broad special mailings or union newspapers. throughout the city in recent weeks an audience as possible. No news conferences to publicize the with the cryptic slogan, "For Sweeping rally were attempted. Consequently, Reform, Vote Yes on Proposition 'L'". Build the party there was no prerally media coverage, The slogan is accompanied by a pic­ As we have pointed out, the con­ even though some of the leading cap­ ture of a streetsweeper's broom and struction of the revolutionary Marx­ italist politicians in Northern C alifor­ trash can. It is meant to evoke the ist party is the decisive question in nia were featured speakers, including image fostered by a long propaganda the revolutionary process. Only such Mayor Joseph Alioto and Congress­ campaign in the media against "over­ a party can draw the lessons from the man Phillip Burton (D-Calif.). paid" street sweepers and transit work­ class struggle and lead the masses Before the rally itself, evidence ers, most of whom are Black. from their current consciousness to began to pile up indicating opposition The slogan plays on racist attitudes socialist revolution. to the demonstration by major sec­ and on the justifiable outrage felt by This is the task to which the SWP tions of the union bureaucracy. Of­ workers squeezed by declining real and YSA are dedicated. ficials' reports to local unions were wages and rising tax rates. Building the revolutionary party is colored by whining complaints that The lie that attributes rising taxes Atlanta's Democratic mayor, Maynard the present task, because to prepare the TWU called the rally "without con­ to city workers' 'high" pay could be Jackson. Democratic Party politicians for the future victory of the working sulting the rest of us in the union easily answered by showing that the work to keep Black people tied to the class the party must participate in movement." real reason is the steady shifting of capitalist system. the present struggles and experiences Badmouthing the rally with virtual tax burdens from the rich to the poor. of the masses. This is the way that predictions it would be a flop natural­ But the labor chiefs, committed to "co­ the class struggle can be advanced. ly amounted to a self-fulfilling proph­ alition politics," cannot do this be­ ties, especially the Democrats, have That party must be strengthened esy. cause it would indict their "friends" been putting forward Black politicians now so that the leadership of the future At the rally, Jack Crowley, head of in the two parties of big business. as mayors, members of Congress, and can be trained and tested in the class the San Francisco Central Labor The apparent decision to accept de­ other officeholders, in order to blunt struggle. This is why Mro-American Council, announced the results of a feat on Proposition L without a seri­ and disorient the struggle of the Black and other militants interested in Black poll predicting a 71 percent majority ous fight was not unanimous, though. community. When the masses want to liberation should join us in this fight for this antilabor proposition. The division over having the rally march in the streets or take other di­ Crowley acknowledged it was an indicates that some union officials rect action,· these Black officials in­ uphill fight but offered no program wanted to put up a more determined stead urge reliance on the capitalist of action to alter the outcome. Neither fight. For further reading: parties and government to solve the did any of the other labor speakers. The significance of this small crack problems. Vague references to doorbell-ringing in the bureaucracy is underscored by The tactic of pushing Black, "pro­ Black Liberation and even vaguer hints at "other forms reports that some labor officials have labor," or "peace" candidates in the of action" marked their presentations. been informally discussing running a Democratic Party has been used by and socialism What lies behind this fainthearted slate of independent labor candidates the rulers to disorient the labor move­ response of the union officials? It is for board of supervisors next year. ment and the antiwar movement as Edited by Tony Thomas, paper $2.45 certainly not because they don't see This new development, stalled for well as the Black struggle. the extent of the threat. They know the time being, will grow in popularity Order from: PATHFINDER PRESS Every time a "revolutionary" who they have much to lose if Proposi­ as bankrupt coalition politics takes claims to speak for the Black commu­ 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 tion L passes. Union membership further tolls on workers' living stan- nity or for the working class calls would decline not only among city .dards.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 17 The 1943 miners strike: how UMW broke World War II wage freeze By CINDY JAQUITH the U.S. government in World War The approaching Nov. 12 deadline II, a war in which working people for a strike in the coal industry nearly paid with their lives so that U.S. im­ coincides with the anniversary of the perialism could strengthen its domina­ United Mine Workers (UMW) strike tion over more of the world. Hewing victory of 1943, when the union to the Moscow line, the American CP smashed through the World War II demanded that U.S. workers subordi­ wage freeze and no-strike pact. nate their own needs to the war effort. A series of four militant strikes by The Stalinists' betrayal of the miners miners in 1943 culminated in victory dovetailed with the capitalists' propa­ Nov. 3, when the union ratified a ganda against the UMW, in which new contract giving the workers a they tried to pit the miners against $1.50-a-day raise. The miners' strug­ G Is overseas and their families. A gle marked a turning point for the typical quote in the press, purported labor movement during the War. to be from a soldier, said: "I'd just as Until that time the unions had been soon shoot one of those strikers as held back by the capitulation of vir­ Japs." tually the entire trade-union leadership In addition to the barrage of press to the wartime antilabor policies of attacks, the miners were faced with President Roosevelt. vicious new antilabor laws, including Roosevelt used the "fight against the Smith-Connally Act, which made fascism" as an excuse to launch an it a felony merely to advocate a strike all-out attack on the unions during in an industry run by the government. the war. With the cooperation of the This bill was demonstratively pushed top labor officials, a War Labor through Congress as a threat to the Board was set up, composed of busi­ miners after Roosevelt, on May 1, nessmen, union officials, and repre­ ordered government seizure of all sentatives of "the public, n who in­ Miners during World War II. Then, as now, workers were expected to sacrifice while struck coal mines. variably sided with business. corporation profits soared. Negotiations with the miners con­ This board, along with the Office tinued to break down, because the of Price Administration, was sup­ government refused to approve a posedly set up to make sure that work­ ton of Ohio told Lewis: 'We want to by the chains of a no-strike pledge. n wage increase, and the miners refused ers and capitalists sacrificed "equally" help make sure we don't start off in­ The Militant was virtually the only to settle for less. Two more strikes during the war. But the so-called flation from this corner.' Lewis an­ newspaper at the time that uncon­ occurred, and finally, by Nov. 1, all wage-price controls of World War II swered: 'Do you mind first inflating ditionally supported the miners' 530,000 miners had struck a fourth did just what the wage-price controls the stomachs of some of my mem­ struggle. time, after the War Labor Board re­ of 1971 did- they kept workers' bers?' Officials of both the American Fed­ jected a settlement in Illinois that al­ wages down, while allowing prices to "The flushed senator cried: 'If we eration of Labor (AFL) and the Con­ lowed for a $2 raise. soar. restrain industry and finance, are you gress of Industrial Organizations Faced with the strength and soli­ The workers were hampered by willing to work on holding down the (CIO) attacked the strikes as a hin­ darity of the miners, Roosevelt finally another betrayal when union officials, wages?' drance to the war effort. The ranks gave in, and a national settlement including UMW President John L. "Rising to leave, Lewis glanced con­ of the labor movement, however, re­ was made on Nov. 3, granting a Lewis, agreed to a no-strike pact in temptuously at Burton and purred: sponded differently. Many CIO locals $1.50 raise. 1941. 'My dear Senator, whenever you have passed resolutions g1vmg whole­ Celebrating the victory, the Nov. 13 restrained industry and finance, just hearted support to the miners. Miners in vanguard Militant asked, "Where can anyone call me on the telephone and let me find in the annals of labor, another As prices rose and workers saw the know.'" such example of discipline, of stead­ enormous profits of the war industries, The first UMW walkout began in Stalinist strikebreakers fastness, of solidarity? The miners they began to grow angry. The first late April, after the contract had run The Stalinists of the Communist work with .the danger of injury or to demand action were the miners. out and the War Labor Board had Party played a scandalous role during death as their constant companion. On Feb. 3, 1943, UMW President announced it was taking over the case. the miners' struggle. Not content to What a school that is! Lewis announced that the soft-coal By May 1, despite the board's appeal attack Lewis as a "fascist" and the "... in breaking through, they won miners wanted a $2-a-day wage in­ to the miners not to strike, all of the strikes as "treasonable," the Stalinists not for themselves alone, but for the crease and would settle for nothing union's 530,000 soft-coal miners had also sent their top leaders, such as labor movement as a whole. The less. Newspapers, Democratic and left the pits, honoring the UMW tradi­ William Z. Foster, into the mine fields miners' strikes of 1943, taking place Republican politicians, and business­ tion of "no contract, no work." to urge the miners to go back to work. in the midst of the Second World War, men immediately jumped on the The May 8 Militant hailed the While more and more rank-and-file will forever remain a landmark in "traitorous" demands of the UMW. miners' action in a front-page editorial workers were identifying with the the history of the American class (They hadn't made a peep less than that began: miners' fight, the Stalinists were struggle." a month before when the government "The miners have weathered the first screaming for government interven­ The struggle of the miners during approved a price hike for the coal storm of anti-labor blows and hys­ tion to smash the UMW. A June 1 the war holds many lessons for the bosses of 23 cents per ton of coal.) teria. . . . They did not retreat on statement by the CP National Com­ UMW today. Miners are again faced On March 26 Lewis was ordered to their wage demands and they have mittee said: with flag-waving appeals to sacrifice '- testify before the Senate War Investi­ a good chance of winning what they "The miners must return to work in the "national interest"- this time be­ gating Committee. Lewis gave a scath­ demanded. immediately. . . . The whole working cause of the contrived energy crisis­ ing condemnation of the war profi­ "They couldn't have done this if they class and its trade union movement and threatened with governmenf in­ teers and the government's antilabor had permitted their case to be buried will uphold the Commander-in-Chief tervention if they dare to strike. policies. Art Preis, in his book Labor's in that graveyard of grievances, the in WHATEVER STEPS MAY BE It will take the same kind of mili­ Giant Step (Pathfinder Press), gives War Labor board. They couldn't NECESSARY to insure uninterrupted tancy and determination the miners the following account of the end of have done this if they had submitted production and orderly labor re­ displayed in World War II to break the Senate session: their case to a court packed against lations." through the current government-em­ "As the reeling senators were pre­ labor. They couldn't have done this The CP's scab role stemmed from ployer drive to make the workers bear paring to call it a day, [Senator] Bur- if they had entered the fight shackled the Stalinists' 100 percent support for the brunt of inflation.

Partial victory against scab lettuce at Indiana U By DENNIS DRAKE tory residents, who had voted by a 2- mittee on the campus. dum, 80 boycott supporters staged a BLOOMINGTON, Ind.- The cam­ to-1 margin to end the purchase of During the summer the committee protest at Carter's office. After Carter paign to rid Indiana University ( IU) non-UFW lettuce. successfully approached various refused to meet with the students they of scab lettuce won a partial victory Boycott activists have pointed out trade-union conferences held on cam­ sat in at Memorial Hall, where his of­ Oct. 16 when IU Vice-president Byrum that the administration is still refusing pus for their support. The committee's fice is located. Carter then met with Carter agreed to allow dormitory to fully implement the referendum. demand that IU ban scab lettuce won the students and agreed to a larger "community councils" to decide wheth­ They also note that these "community support from the Indiana AFL-CIO public meeting on Oct. 16. er scab lettuce will be banned. councils" are composed of at least 50 leadership conference, state AFL-CIO At that meeting, speakers pointed Carter announced his decision at percent nonstudents. President Willis Zagrovich, and mem­ out that it was the mass pressure of a public meeting of 150-200 United Nevertheless, three out of the four bers of the International Association UFW supporters that forced the ad­ Farm Workers (UFW) supporters. dormitories that have voted on this of Machinists, United Steelworkers, ministration to back down, and that This concession followed a month­ issue voted to remove all non- UFW and United Auto Workers (Region 3). even more pressure was needed to long campaign to force the university lettuce. This was largely because of This fall, when the administration force full implementation of the stu­ to implement a referendum of dormi- the efforts of the UFW boycott com- stalled on implementing the referen- dent referendum.

18 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

NOVEMBER 8, 197 4

'Operation Tar Baby': new revelations confirm U.S. support to colonial regimes in southern Africa By Peter Green organized activity ashore; authorize for well over a year. The overall aim Direct links between the U. S. and routine use of airfields." is to extend their air and naval opera­ South African military services are tions to the South Atlantic and Indian increasing. The May 27 Far Eastern "Remove constraints on EXIM [Ex­ A secret White House document Ocean areas around southern Africa. Economic Review reported that Wash­ port-Import] Bank facilities for South urging a policy of support to racist The planning is being carried out at ington receives information from a Africa; actively encourage U.S. ex­ white-minority regimes in southern Af­ the Norfolk, Virginia, headquarters ports and facilitate U. S. investment" supersecret South African communi­ rica was brought to light in an article of SACLANT- the acronym for Su­ "Conduct selected exchange pro­ cations station that tracks Indian by Tad Szulc in the October issue of preme Allied Commander, Atlantic­ grams with South Africa in all cate­ Ocean shipping all the way into the Esquire magazine. The document, and was initiated by a secret order gories, including military." Bay of Bengal. According to Szulc, National Security Council Decision from NATO's Defense Planning Com­ "Without changing the U. S. legal the U. S. also has missile-tracking Memorandum, was prepared under mittee in June 1973. The declaration position that South African occupancy facilities and a space-tracking station the direction of Henry Kissinger. It issued by the June 1974 meeting of of South-West Africa is illegal, we in South Africa. In addition, he re­ outlined five options for a strategy for the NATO Ministerial Council in would play down the issue and ported, "the Central Intelligence holding in check the Black liberation Ottawa gave formal approval for the encourage accommodation between Agency and the South African secret struggles and preserving the status expansion of NATO operations, in South Africa and the U.N." services cooperate closely under the quo in southern Africa. effect giving NATO carte blanche to "On Rhodesia, retain consulate; terms of a secret intelligence agree­ The "general posture" recommended assume military responsibilities wher­ gradually relax sanctions (e.g., hard­ ment. ... " in the memorandum was for the ever it wishes. ship exceptions for chrome) and con­ Connie Mulder, the South African United States to "... maintain pub­ sider eventual recognition." The concrete results of the White interior and information minister who lic opposition to racial repression but "Continue arms embargo on Portu­ House's adoption of the "Tar Baby" may be next in line for prime minister, relax political isolation and economic guese territories, but give more liberal strategy are becoming increasingly paid an "unofficial" visit to Washing­ restrictions on the white states." treatment to exports of dual-purpose apparent. ton in January. While there he met Option 2 called for Washington to equipment" The "arms embargo" against South with then Vice-President Gerald Ford, indicate to the colonial-settler regimes Senate minority leader Hugh Scott, its "willingness to accept political ar­ Senate minority whip Robert Griffin, rangements short of guaranteed prog­ and House majority leader Thomas ress toward majority rule.... " This O'Neill, among others. The least pub­ policy was "personally recommended" licized part of his trip was a visit by Kissinger, columnist Jack Ander­ to the Pentagon, where he met Vice­ son reported October 11. It was the Admiral Raymond Peet. Peet is a one former President Nixon approved, senior official in the office for Inter­ in February 1970. national Security Affairs, which has After its adoption, Option 2 acquired responsibility for planning strategy in the name "Tar Baby" among White the Indian Ocean. According to the House advisers. Its fundamental as­ Far Eastern Economic Review, the sumption was stated as follows: South African press hailed Mulder's "The whites are here [in Africa] to visit as the opening of a new era in stay and the only way that construc­ U. S.-South African cooperation in the tive change can come about is through Indian Ocean. them. There is no hope for the blacks to gain the political rights they seek In May, the commander in chief through violence, which will only lead of the South African military forces, to chaos and increased opportunities Admiral Hugo Biermann, visited for the Communists. We can, by selec­ Washington and met with the acting tive relaxation of our stance toward secretary of the navy, J. William Mid­ the white regimes, encourage some dendorf. He also met with other gov­ modification of their current racial ernment and military officials at in­ and colonial policies and through Washington boiled out South African regime with loons after crisis brought on by formal gatherings. One dinner given more substantial economic assistance Shorpeville massacre in 1961 (above). New documents show how U.S. support con­ for him by a Republican congress­ to the black states help to draw the tinues. man was attended by seventeen ad­ two groups together and exert some mirals. influence on both for peaceful change. The U.S. Navy has previously Our tangible interests form a basis "Toward African insurgent move­ Africa has been given an extremely used ports in Angola and Mozam­ for our contacts in the region, and ments take public position that U.S. liberal interpretation. The South Afri­ bique. But with the threat that the these can be maintained at an accept­ opposes use of force in racial con­ cans have been allowed to buy Bell new regimes in these countries may able political cost" frontations. Continue humanitarian helicopters capable of being used in close port facilities to the U. S., the To keep the backlash to an "accept­ assistance to refugees." police or military operations, as well Pentagon is looking more and more able" level, White House strategists "Establish flexible aid programs in as twin-engined Lear-jets that can be to Pretoria. Although the U.S. has suggested that the plan be carried out the black states of the region; respond outfitted for reconnaissance and cer­ renewed the agreement for its base carefully, gradually, and secretly. to reasonable requests for purchase tain combat or suppression missions. on the Arab-Persian Gulf island of "... given the sensitivities of the black of non-sophisticated arms." Herbicides and defoliants .of the type Bahrain, and is also going ahead American community and church and The document envisaged that Wash­ used in Vietnam have also been sold with the construction of a large base liberal groups," Szulc pointed out, ington would preserve its "economic, to South Africa. on Diego Garcia in the middle of the "Tar Baby's" aims had to be care­ scientific and strategic interests in the Lisbon received the same generous Indian Ocean, Pentagon planners fully concealed. white states and would expand oppor­ treatment. Boeing 707 airliners that would also like to use the well­ The document recommended the fol­ tunities for profitable trade and in­ the Portuguese government bought equipped naval bases in South Africa. lowing "Operational Examples" as vestment." (There is now approxi­ were used to transport combat troops With the increased strategic impor­ ways of putting the plan into practice: mately $1,000 million in U.S. private to Africa. Portuguese officers have tance of the oil-tanker routes around "Enforce arms embargo against investment in South Africa.) been trained in counterinsurgency at South Africa and with the impetus South Africa but with liberal treatment the U. S. Army's jungle-warfare school given to the African liberation strug­ of equipment which could serve either Szulc pointed out that "Tar Baby" at Fort Gulick in the Panama Canal gle by the ending of direct Portuguese military or civilian purposes." was consistent with the top-secret con­ Zone, and at Fort Benning, Georgia. rule in some of its colonies, an in­ "Permit U.S. naval calls in South tingency planning that the United Portuguese jet pilots received training creased effort to strengthen the links Africa with arrangements for nondis­ States and the North Atlantic Treaty in West Germany, where the U. S. has between Washington and South Africa crimination toward U.S. personnel in Organization have been engaged in a number of large air bases. may not be far off. World Outlook W0/2

~Y.ewitness account from Portug,g) How workers defeated Spinola's attempted coup taneously, seeking information and By A. Romero tions, helped considerably to swell the bullfight organized by the Liga de massiveness of the opposition to the Ex-Combatentes. At the event, there determined to take action against the Lisbon rally. were cheers for Spinola and the "over­ reactionaries when it proved neces­ It was September 28. Responding But the line taken by the Stalinists seas territories" (colonies), "extremism" sary. In addition, since dawn military to General Spinola's call, a self-styled was deliberately confused. Papering was denounced, and the speakers in­ units acting under the orders of the "silent majority"- in reality the choic­ over the complicity of the government vited everyone to join the "silent ma­ MFA had been joining the popular est sectors of reactionaries-was or­ and the president himself with the jority." But at the end of the bullfight, forces guarding the city. ganizing a big demonstration that putschist demonstration, the Stalinists thousands of antifascists confronted At midday a message was broad­ would provide the appropriate setting placed their hopes in Spinola, the the reactionaries and shut them up cast saying that "to avoid clashes" or the opportunity for a rightist coup. MFA, and the provisional govern­ after some forceful encounters. Spinola thought it "advisable" not to But on that day the working class ment "stopping" the reactionaries from The governmental crisis exploded hold the demonstration. Shortly after­ and its allies barricaded -the streets, "making a mockery" of the meaning into the open in the final hours of ward, he added that the demonstra­ formed defen!je pickets, calmly dem­ and goals of April 25. September 27, at the moment when tion had been "canceled." onstrating the immense power of mass The Stalinists shifted their stance it became clear that the "shadowy mi­ There were repeated announcements mobilizations. The rightist maneuver partially only when it had become nority" would have to use violence that a message from Spinola would was resoundingly defeated, and two evident that neither Spinola, nor the to break through the workers' cordons be broadcast, but at 6 p.m. it was days later Spinola had to resign. MFA, nor the government-which the in order to hold the rally. One of reported that the statement would not "We are still passing through a se­ CP itself is a part of! -would ban the the most prominent members of the be issued. rious crisis that makes us vulnerable anticommunist demonstration, and JSN, [Carlos] Galvao de Melo, pub­ During the time that picket groups to extremist adventures, Spinola had that this represented an obvious dan­ licly announced his support for the were functioning for defense and in­ said September 10. "A systematic as­ ger to their remaining in the cabinet. "magnificent demonstration" and de­ formation, some of them held after­ sault on public and private centers Just days before September 28, the nounced all attempts to interfere with noon and evening rallies. In the cen­ of decision-making is being promoted CP took up the slogan "The reaction- it. Frantic meetings, held by and large ter of Lisbon, a demonstration orga­ by groups operating beyond the pale nized by some committees of workers of any legal and even institutional or­ involved in struggles and organiza­ der. . . . In genuinely democratic hu­ tions of "the far leff' (particularly the man societies transformations must be Maoists) drew 10,000 to 20,000 per­ made without abrupt jolts and con­ sons. vulsions, which sow the seeds of new Beginning the afternoon of Septem­ dictatorships of the right or the left. ber 28 and contin1Jing into the follow­ The silent majority of the Portuguese ing day, the MFA made repeated ap­ people must wake up and take action peals for the removal of the pickets, to defend itself from extremist total­ "because they were no longer needed." itarianism.... " They claimed the triumph had con­ firmed the MFA's "historic vanguard" A Call to Action role, the value of mobilizations, and These words were not simply reac­ the importance of "the unity of the tionary rhetoric as so many of the people with the armed forces." general's orations have been. They Many workers commented, however, were a real call to action for Por­ that if it had not been for their bar­ tugal's shaken right wing. ricades, the reactionaries would have A few days later it became clear succeeded. Some picket lines and dis­ that there was a nationally coordi­ cussion groups continued to function nated campaign: The alleged "silent until the next afternoon as they waited majority" called a demonstration in for more information about the out­ "support of President Spinola's speech come of the crisis and, above all, for and the program of the MFA [Mo­ the denunciation and punishment of vimento das Fon;as Armadas­ figures involved with the right wing. Armed Forces Movement]." The call was accompanied by th·e appearance Workers Act Independently of a large number of expensively printed posters, the air-dropping of Broad sectors of the working class leaflets all over the country, and the had played a central role, though per­ rental of means of transportation. haps not totally consciously, in ac­ The event was set for September tions of extraordinary importance. They acted both in advance of and 28 at L'le Pr~a do Imperio in Lisbon. A gamut running from the reaCtionary independently of the MFA and the clergy, known paid goons, the many provisional government, and paid fascists still at large, the modern Par­ Sea ing uggage for arms in Lisbon. Government was more attention to the instructions of the CP and the Intersindical than to tido Cristdo Democratico [Christian ist coup attempt by mobilization of Portuguese workers. Democratic party], the Liga de Ex­ those of the military. Combatentes [Veterans League], to Despite the fact that it was the some illustrious names like Champali­ aries must not pass" and called for in secret, followed in an attempt to masses who defeated the reactionary maud or Spirito Santo [major Portu­ blocking the counterrevolutionary reach an agreement, but events were conspiracy, forced the belated military guese capitalists] was mobilized open­ rally "by any means necessary." On moving too fast. At 2 a.m., when intervention, and overthrew Spinola­ ly or secretly to do what was required. the afternoon of September 27 the In­ patrols were leaving to arrest reac­ for his resignation is a confession of People began to call them the "shad­ tersindical unions began to call more tionaries and seize arms, military defeat-they were not able to take owy minority." directly for a take-over of the streets. forces acting under presidential orders part in the negotiations held to re­ Almost instinctively the workers Given the obstacles that had to be cut the radio stations off the air. The solve the crisis. reacted violently against the cam­ overcome, the consequences of the call stations then began to transmit an The CP and SP treacherously en­ paign of the "shadowy minority," par­ were all the more impressive. Un­ order to remove the barricades, saying dorsed the designation of a new presi­ ticularly in the largest cities. They armed and with very little organiza­ that the provisional government dent, who paid homage to Spinola. systematically ripped down the anti­ tion, the working class- accompanied would "guarantee" that the demonstra­ They allowed the military to hold communist posters- even at the cost by students and sectors of the middle tion would take place as scheduled. back any investigation or punishment of clashes with elements hired by the classes-formed picket lines that bar­ The newspapers were banned from of the high military and government right wing. Newspaper, radio, and ricaded access to Lisbon, Oporto, and publishing. functionaries implicated in the sedi­ television workers refused to print or Coimbra and checked cars and buses At about 8:30 a.m., the radio sta­ tion. They also tended to falsify the broadcast propaganda for the coun­ to prevent arms or contingents from tions began to broadcast a communi­ facts by giving the MFA credit for terrevolutionary rally. Railroad work­ being sent to the demonstration. By que from the MFA calling for "calm the victory. An example of this was ers and bus drivers announced that midnight the reactionaries were para­ in the country" and announcing that given at the September 30 rally called they would not transport people to lyzed and the pickets were in control "some dozens of individuals had been to "express our gratitude and support the rally. of the streets. arrested for investigation" in connec­ to" the MFA, the provisional govern­ Of course, the protests against the Up until the last minute the presi­ tion with seditious maneuvers carried ment, and the new president, [Fran­ rally by the CP, the lntersindical dent and government held back from out by the "most reactionary elements." cisco] Costa Gomes. There the CP went [trade-union federation], and the MDP taking a position, but there is no indi­ The population did not get any re­ so far as to demand that the party [Movimento Democratico Portugues­ cation that Spinola had any plans to ports about what was really happen­ flags be taken down and that the only Portuguese Democratic Movement], call off the rally-or coup. On Septem­ ing, but the cordons grew as the hours chant be "Long Live the MFA." But and later also by the SP and the rest ber 26 he chose to make a public passed, and at all important points of even more astonishing was the call of the trade-union and left organiza- appearance- a dress rehearsal- at a the city huge crowds gathered spon- to turn the following Sunday into a W0/3

"National Day of Labor" in support of the MFA! Looking beyond stopgap measures, it is clear that the situation is going India: the revolt of the untouchables to become more and more explosive. By Sharad Jhaveri movement to convert untouchables to a Marxist. He is the author of the Da­ It is unlikely that the advance in or­ Buddhism. Obviously, such a move­ lit Panther Manifesto. ganization and consciousness that this Jamnagar ment could never alleviate the caste general political mobilization of the The manifesto defines the word "Da­ and class oppression of the untouch­ class represented can be dissipated by The Dalit Panthers movement is a lif' as including all scheduled castes ables. and tribes, converted Buddhists, work­ the governmental reshuffle and the militant organisation of the most The Republican party, founded to conciliationism of the Socialist and downtrodden and oppressed section ers, landless laborers, small farmers, Communist leaderships. Proletarian of Indian society- the untouchables. gain political power for the untouch­ and nomadic tribes. It states that all struggles will continue and grow. In­ The untouchables are the poorest ables, has also failed in this regard­ parties aiming at the destruction of ternally, the big workers parties will sector of the population, the layer as well as on the electoral front. Apart the Hindu Varna system and all real be shaken by the sharp contradiction where caste and class merge. Most from the problem of inadequate cam­ anticapitalist parties are its' friends. It between the revolutionary needs of the members of low and scheduled (un­ paign funds and the fact that they can­ also states that landlords, capitalists, masses, who place their confidence in touchable) castes are either landless not mobilize the support of caste Hin­ and money-lenders, along with the them, and the increasingly counter­ laborers and sharecroppers in rural dus, the untouchables are geograph­ government and communal parties revolutionary orientation pressed areas or manual laborers in the cit­ ically dispersed and account for less that protect them, are its enemies. upon them by their leaders, who are ies. In many urban areas of India, than half the votes in almost all con­ In defining the aims of the Dalit Pan­ in up to their necks with the bour­ the menial labor they perform includes stituencies. ther movement, the manifesto says: geois government. transporting human excrement. According to the 1961 census data, "We shall have to dominate the con­ In cities and villages, the untouch­ there were then about 65 million un­ trolling positions in the economic, po­ ables continue to live in physically touchables, about 15 percent of the litical and cultural spheres. We shall Revolutionary Leadership separated ghettos and are discrimi­ population. About 54 million of the never remain submissive. We do not nated against in daily life. This in­ untouchables live in rural areas. want a place among Brahmins. We In this situation of acute crisis, the cludes such forms of social ostracism About 90 percent are illiterate, and seek to rule the entire· country.... need for a consistently revolutionary as exclusion from village wells, tem­ 75 percent work in the agricultural Mere change of heart or liberal edu­ leadership, for a Trotskyist party with ples, and mosques. sector. cation will not end injustice and ex­ mass influence, takes on the greatest In recent times, they have increas­ The Republican party eventually ploitation. We shall rouse the revolu­ urgency. Building such a leadership ingly been the victims of terror at­ ended up becoming another region­ tionary masses and organise them; the and party will be an essential part tacks, rapes, and arson in several al, sectarian, communal type of party. flame of revolution will emerge of the battle against popular frontism parts of India, particularly in Ma­ This, in addition to the fact that a through the struggle of these vast and sectarian vanguardism, counter­ harashtra and Guj arat. number of left parties and trade masses. The social system cannot be posing a united front of workers or­ This is the social and economic unions in India never tried to break revolutionised by mere demands for ganizations that can fight background in which the Dalit Pan­ down the social barriers of casteism, concessions, elections and satyagraha To defend and extend democratic thers movement (inspired by the Black helped pave the way for the forma­ [civil-disobedience actions]. Our re­ rights (first of all to repeal the anti­ Panthers in the USA) emerged in tion of the Dalit Panthers. bellious ideas of social revolution will strike law). Bombay in April 1972. The Indian bourgeoisie tried to fore­ germinate in the soil, grow in the To punish those involved in the The immediate source of provoca­ stall such a development with a two­ minds of the people and ultimately coup attempt (expropriate the capital­ tion was the clashes with caste Hin­ pronged strategy. On the legal front, will flash into existence like hot burn­ ists, strip the military and government dus, who were shielded by the police. ing steel. ..." officials of their wealth and dismiss it provided several constitutional safe­ Since then, the struggle has spread guards and passed the Untouchability It is clear that the Panthers have them from their positions). to several parts of Maharashtra, Gu­ a far more advanced perspective than To promote, centralize, and arm (Offences) Act, which made untouch­ jarat, and south India. ability illegal. To date, however, these any of the earlier formations of the pickets organized by the unions. In the past, two,. of the pioneers of untouchables. Their call for a caste­ To gain the rights for the soldiers 'guarantees have not been enforced. bourgeois nationalism in India de­ The second prong was the adoption less, secular society dominated by the that they are denied. veloped different strategies for tackling of a policy called Protective Discrimi­ downtrodden, and for a revolution In these struggles it will be possible the problem of the scheduled castes. nation, which amounts to reserving led by the masses in struggle, raises to confront the Communist and So­ Mahatma Gandhi, one of the most seats in the legislature, scholarships, high hopes. cialist parties, as well as the lnter­ farsighted leaders of the fndian bour­ and a certain quota of government The movement appears to have en­ sindical, before the public with the geOisie, sought to integrate them jobs for untouchables. countered some obstacles, however, in­ main task posed by the situation­ peacefully into the traditional struc­ The result has been no more than cluding a split in the leadership. Ac­ the necessity that they, as the repre­ ture of Hindu society, despite the fact the creation of a privileged layer of cording to a report by Arun Sadhu in sentatives recognized by the working that this society is based on the Hin­ untouchables, a grouping with no ties the July 31 issue of the Times of In­ class and the oppressed masses, strug­ du religion's oppressive Varnasha­ dia, Raja Dhale, a Panther leader who gle to take over the government in its with the villages. rama Dharma- a fourfold division was converted to Buddhism, has chal­ entirety. Only a government that is This experience too has been de­ of society in which there is no place cisive in the formation of the Pan­ lenged the very basis of the mani­ based on the organizations of the for untouchables. festo- its call for a secular society. workers and their allies and is inde­ thers and in the formulation of their Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, an untouchable program. Dhasal has warned that following pendent of the bourgeoisie can meet himself, ridiculed Mahatma's attempt The Dalit Panthers have taken a this path would lead the Panthers to the needs of the masses. to brand them as Harij ans- the chil­ markedly anticapitalist stance. Nam­ the same ditch of sectarianism that October 1, 1974 dren of God. But his approach was dev Dhasal, a Dalit poet and one of resulted in the virtual demise of the also religious. In 1956, he led a mass the group's leaders. is reported to be Republican party.

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Sakharov Qrotests World news notes

Repression in Chile geHing worse The International Commission of Jurists charged October 23 that Iraqi regime presses political repression in Chile is now "more ubiquitous and more systematic" than at any other time since the military coup that over­ threw the Allende government in September 1973. terror against Kurds The commission reported that there were 700 known individual arrests from May to August, and 600 more in the weeks since Octo­ Dissident Soviet physicist Andrei Sa­ ber 5. "For every detainee who has been released in recent months kharov has appealed for international at least two new arrests have been made," the commission charged. support to help protect the Kurdish In addition to individual arrests, some 10,000 to 15,000 people minority from the "cruel war" un­ have been picked up in mass arrests in recent months, the com­ leashed upon it by the Baghdad gov­ mission said. ernment. The day before the release of the jurists' report, a committee of According to the October 4 Chris­ the United Nations General Assembly voted 83 to 9 to urge the tian Science Monitor, Sakharov's ap­ Chilean junta to restore human rights and free political prisoners. peal was addressed to United Nations The United States abstained, complaining that the resolution con­ Secretary-General Kurt W aldheim as tained no hint of the improvement of the situation in Chile in recent well as to Soviet Communist party months. leader Leonid Brezhnev. He called for a Security Council resolution demand­ ing Iraq end its military action 20,000 protest in Athens against the Kurds. He also called on More than 20,000 persons, according to a BBC estimate, marched those governments helping Iraq to October 1 from the University of Athens. to the U. S. Embassy to withdraw their pilots and military ad­ protest Washington's maneuvers to partition the island of Cyprus. visers- a demand clearly aimed at It was one of the largest anti-imperialist demonstrations in Greece Moscow's support to the Iraqi regime's since the fall of the dictatorship at the end of July. efforts to crush the Kurds. The mood of the demonstrators was militant, the Greek Trotskyist Since the renewal of fighting in weekly Ergatike Pale reported in its October 5 issue. Among the March this year, tens of thousands of most popular slogans were "Immediate Withdrawal of All Troops Kurdish refugees. Tens of thousands have Kurdish refugees have fled across the From Cyprus," "Americans Out," "No Partition," and "The Turkish fled Iraqi bombs and napalm. border into Iran. Workers Are Our Brothers and Sisters." According to the September 5 Wash­ Despite the Caramanlis government's threats that it would break ington Post, twelve refugee camps set and a near-miss on the university. up any demonstrations by force, there were no serious incidents. up in Iran already housed 80,000 The planes turned and came in for a The police only delayed the march for some time on the stretch Kurds, with another 20,000 refugees second run, strafing the town with of the route between the Athens Hilton Hotel and the U. S. Embassy. seeking shelter elsewhere. The Iran­ high-explosive rockets. The size and discipline of the demonstration apparently induced ian Red Cross organization, the Red The toll was 131 killed and more the repressive forces to act with restraint. Lion and Sun Society, reported that than 300 wounded, inciUaing seven The demonstration was sponsored by a united front of indepen­ the flow of refugees crossing the bor­ university students and one professor. dent student committees and several left organizations including the der had risen to 7,000 a day. Most of the other casualties were wom­ Panellenio Sosialistiko Kmema (Pa.So.K- Pan-Hellenic Socialist " . . . some estimates suggest," the en and children, since the majority of Movement, the formation led by Andreas Papandreou), the Kom­ September 22 New York Times re­ the men were at the front. mounistiko Diethnistiko Komma tes Ellados (KDKE- Internation­ ported, "that if the present level of "On the day after the bombing," alist Communist party of Greece, the Greek section of the Fourth battle is maintained the number may Hempstone wrote, "the students and International), the Sosialistike Epanastatike Pale ( SEP- Revolu­ approach half-a-million by the end their professors voted not to reopen tionary Socialist Struggle), the supporters of the paper Makhetes, of the year." the university until the war was won, and several Maoist groups. "Qal'a Dizeh is Kurdistan 's Guerni­ and marched off to join the Pesh Mer­ The principal traditional forces of the Greek left, however, op­ ca," wrote Smith Hempstone in the ga [the Kurdish guerrilla forces]." posed the united-front demonstrations quite strongly. Both factions September 2 Washington Star-News, "'Qal'a Dizeh,' says Majib Yussif, of the Communist party, which has totally dominated the Greek describing the massacre Iraqi bomb­ a senior majoring in physics at the left for several decades, issued statements denouncing the organizers. ers carried out in this Kurdish town University of Sulaimaniya, 'opened Despite the size of the Stalinist forces, which in Greece probably of 25,000. It is only one of many in­ my eyes as nothing else could have have a combined strength comparable to that of the Communist stances in which Kurdish civilians to the nature of this struggle: Either parties in France and Italy, the October 1 demonstration indicated have been deliberately bombed, but the Kurds will win their freedom or that neither of the two factions of the KKE, or both taken together, it illustrates clearly the cause of the the Baathists will exterminate us; there can control the young worker and student activists who developed massive exodus. is no middle way.'" in the years of the dictatorship. Hempstone visited Kurdistan in Iraqi forces have since captured August and wrote a series of six ar­ most of the important cities and towns Belgium bans facts on abortion ticles from behind the lines. From eye­ in Kurdish Iraq and threaten to cut witness reports, he pieced together the the Kurdish-held area in two. Hun­ The October issue of the mass-circulation French women's maga­ story of the attack on Qal'a Dizeh. dreds of villages and hamlets have zine Marie-Claire has been banned by the Belgian government, and On the morning of April 24, two been destroyed or heavily damaged. copies of it have been seized. The Christian Social government Russian-built Sukhoi-7 bombers came Columns of refugees have been strafed headed by Leo Tindemans objected to an article in the magazine in at rooftop level and unloaded their and crops napalmed, and at times explaining how abortions can be performed painlessly and harm­ bombs. They scored direct hits on a when no better targets were found, the lessly under proper medical supervision. Abortions are illegal in primary school and the marketplace, Iraqi planes have even attacked flocks Belgium. of sheep and herds of cattle. "Since Qal'a Dizeh," Hempstone re­ Swiss defeat racist referendum ported, "the Kurds know what to ex­ A proposal aimed at expelling half the foreign population in pect and are a little better prepared. Switzerland was defeated in a referendum October 20. Sixty-six Whole villages have moved into the percent of those voting rejected the proposal. A similar proposal caves that honeycomb these rugged was narrowly defeated in 1970 by a 54 percent "no" vote. Switzer­ mountains, an estimated 250,000 peo­ land was the first European country to hold a referendum on the ple having been made homeless by status of immigrants. the war. . . . The peasants carry on The racist campaign against the immigrants was launched by the their lives as best they can, coming right-wing National Action party. In 1972 it collected the necessary down into the plains to harvest their 50,000 signatures on a petition to call a referendum. The proposal crops by the light of full moons." called for limiting the foreign population in each canton to 12 per­ The Iraqi objective, Hempstone cent, with the exception of Geneva, which would have been limited wrote, is clear. Baghdad intends ''to to 25 percent. This would have meant expelling about 540,000 make a wasteland out of Kurdistan, of the 1.1 million immigrants in Switzerland by the target date, to terrorize civilians, to turn them set for the end of 1977. against [Kurdish Democratic party While the immigrants comprise only one-sixth of the total popula­ leader Mustafa] Barzani's leadership, tion, foreign workers, predominantly Italian, account for 37 per­ to threaten them . with starvation this cent of the work force, filling mostly unskilled or semiskilled jobs. winter when the passes from Iran are All major bourgeois parties, the trade unions, church leaders, blocked with snow and there is noth­ business officials, and the news media came out against the proposal, ing to replace the burned crops and pointing out that the expulsion of such a large part of the work the slaughtered animals. force would mean "economic. catastrophe" for the country. Nello Areas where "'If this is not genocide,' says Idriss Celio, a former finance minister, said, "Services like garbage col­ Barzani, the nationalist leader's son lection, meat slaughtering, vegetable growing, baking, canning and Kurds live and chief-of-staff, 'it will do until a waiting on people in restaurants and hotels couldn't be provided Christian Science Monitor better example comes along.'" any more. Cannon tribute From India: America's messages in tribute road to to Cannon The following are major excerpts from two messages in tribute to James P. socialism Cannon received from Baroda, India. Lucid explanations The following are excerpts from a years, with some ups and downs with­ domination of the world market, To us, with the nightmare of Stalin­ speech by James P. Cannon entitled in the crisis, was never solved except which America fell heir to in the epoch ism and Maoism, the writings of Com­ "Prospects of Capitalism and So­ by the artificial means of expenditures of capitalist decline, offers no solu­ rade James P. Cannon served the pur­ cialism in America." It is one of six for war and armaments. That was tion of her economic problem. pose of revelation, in which the au­ speeches on "America's Road to So­ no solution, it was only a postpone­ Of the various factors which once thentic understanding of original cialism," which Cannon gave in Los ment. The unsolved crisis was still contributed to the rise and expansion Marxism-Leninism was found. Per­ Angeles during December 1952 and latent in the American economy after of American capitalism, there remains haps we would venture to admit that January 1953. The speeches, which the end of World War II and was only the factor of revolution which we began to rediscover and _grasp have long been out of print, are soon making its way ominously to the sur­ provided its first big impulsion [the the meaning of the life and work of to be republished as a book by Path­ face, when the huge new armaments American revolution of 1776]. Lenin and the understanding of the finder Press (see ad below). program of the cold war again pushed Revolutions of the same kind are struggle by Comrade Trotsky in the The speech excerpted here is espe­ it back. But the crisis is- still there, still taking place in the world, and light of the lucid explanation given by cially timely in the context of the still latent, silently growing like a ma­ American capitalism is partly respon­ Comrade Cannon. growing economic crisis of world cap­ lignant cancer in the body of Ameri­ sible for them, but is not benefited We have read the legend of the Bol­ italism today. It was given at a time can economy.... by them. By its greedy, monopolistic shevik Party of Lenin. But we have when McCarthyism was on the ram­ The historical luck of American cap­ and reactionary policy, it helps to experienced, observed, and felt the page and many thought prosperity italism is running out All those fac­ ruin the economy of other countries, presence of thriving Bolshevik orga­ was here to stay. But Cannon looked tors which favored its development and drive the people to revolution. nization as symbolized through the beneath the appearances to the under­ from the beginning, cushioned the Then it tries to stop the revolutions Socialist Workers Party, which was lying forces at work, predicting the shocks of cyclical crises, and enabled with money, guns and bombs. founded, formed, and reared by Com­ crises we are seeing today. it to grow at the expense of other cap­ They act something like a schizo­ rade Cannon. The Militant is reprinting these ex­ italist nations, are either exhausted phrenic fireman I once heard of, who· Comrade Cannon, the lodestar of cerpts as part of our tribute to Can­ or turning into their opposites. . . . was also a pyromaniac. He ran him­ the Fourth International since the non, who died Aug. 21 at the age of Any prospect of stabilizing Ameri­ self ragged all day trying to put out ghastly murder of Comrade Trotsky 84. He was a leader of the revolution­ can economy on the basis of its in­ the fires he had started the night be­ by Stalin's agent, was a founder of ary socialist movement since the pre­ ternal market is absolutely excluded. fore. He never could catch up with the U.S. Communist Party and found­ World War I era, and at the time Increased foreign trade, won by the his work. er and promoter of the SWP: the pio­ of his death was national chairman United States as a result of the First neering revolutionary enterprise with emeritus of the Socialist Workers world war, helped to spark the great America's schizophrenic policy of expertise in constructing and rearing Party. economic boom of the Twenties. But revolution and counterrevolution is a the organization of the Leninist-Bol­ now the world market, which Amer­ hopeless undertaking. Revolution, the shevist type. ica dominates as a result of its eco­ benevolent friend of American capital­ This glorious fight of Comrade Can­ The crisis of the Thirties demonstrated nomic preponderance and the bank­ ism in its infancy and surging ado­ non is worthy of emulation every­ that American capitalist economy has ruptcy of its rivals, no longer offers lescence, has become its mortal enemy where in the world dominated by cap­ no immunity from the laws which gov­ an adequate outlet for America's glut in its twilight years. All the old ave­ italism and Stalinist bureaucracies. We· ern the same capitalist economy in of capital and surplus goods. nues of expansion and development pledge to carry this out through the other countries; that if its crises had To be sure, the backward coun­ are closed off. American capitalist thick and thin of the national and in­ been deferred by exceptionally favor­ tries need what America produces to economy is in a blind alley. There ternational class struggle for world able factors in the past, it was only excess, but they can't pay for it That is no way out socialist revolution. to accumulate the material for a more difficulty might be overcome by loans From these economic facts we con­ Magan Desai, member of the central powerful explosion when it came. and credits if these countries had clude that American capitalism is secretariat of the Communist League, The contradictions of capitalism stable bourgeois governments which doomed, and that socialism will take Indian section of the Fourth Inter­ simply caught up with its favored the United States could trust to guar­ its place. national. American sector and made it pay antee eventual payment But there are This transformation, of course, will very few such governments left in the not take place automatically. A little double for the delay. The crisis put Living link a question mark over the future of world, and their number is decreasing. political action will be required. But American capitalism and made the The advanced industrial countries, the economic facts we have summar­ Comrade Cannon - the ever young American people crisis-conscious and on the other hand, need to increase ized are preparing all the conditions and rebellious youth whom we came fearful of the future. The old confi­ their own exports. They not only need for this political action and will gen­ to know through the young Ameri­ dence in the future of capitalism and to share in the world market, where erate all the necessary forces to as­ can representatives forged in the foun­ the feeling of security had gone with America crowds them out, but also sure its success. dry founded by Comrade Cannon, the wind. want access to the American market, The victory of Socialist America is i.e., the SWP and its sympathizing The crisis of 1929, which lasted ten which America bars by tariffs. The already written in the stars.... youth organization the Young Social­ ist Alliance, who visited us here in recent years- remained to us a liv­ ing link between we, the new Bolshe­ viks, and the pioneer Bolsheviks, Len­ in and Trotsky. Help publish writings of James P. Cannon To us he was the pioneer continu­ The James P. Cannon Party-Building The contributor, who asked to be Please send your contribution to help ator of the cause of the liberation of Fund was launched Aug. 23 and has anonymous, wrote, "I've had this mon­ make the rich legacy of Cannon's works mankind being carried forward by the grown to $60,984.47. Since our last re­ ey in my savings account for quite a available to the new generation of rev­ Fourth International founded by Com­ port in The Militant two weeks ago, the while-for security. But I decided that olutionary youth. rade Trotsky. fund has been given a significant boost with the way _the economy is going, The best tribute to Comrade Can­ by a $1,000 contribution. keeping it in the bank is not that se­ Enclosed is my contribution of $ ___ non is not to mourn but to organize cure. I don't know where the economy (Make checks payable to James P. Can­ in order to mould and multiply youth is going, but I do know where the So­ non Fund.) through education, agitation, and or­ cialist Workers Party is going. This is ganization in the spirit and legacy left by Comrade Cannon. We, the newly where I want to make my investment." Name'------One of the main purposes of the Can­ recruited youth organized in the Study non fund is to help in the publication Address. ______and Struggle Alliance, pledge to ful­ of Cannon's speeches and writings. In fill this with all seriousness. addition to much material that has City• ______State __ Zip_ Baghirath Shah, convenor, Study and never been published, the book Ameri­ Struggle Alliance of Gujarat State ca's Road to Socialism has long been Send to: Cannon Fund, 14 Charles out of print. The reprinting of this im­ Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. portant book by Pathfinder Press will be one of the fruits of the Cannon fund. Fund directors: Reba Hansen and It is scheduled to appear by January George Novack. Treasurer: Andrea 1975. Morell.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 19 Background to racist violence · Boston: a history of segregation By FRED HALSTEAD ·· • · . .·. carefur to couch their opposition to High, which is right in their own BOSTON- The frightening outburst desegregation in terms of defense of neighborhood, and demonstrating of racist violence against the Black "neighborhood schools" or against against the presence of the Black stu­ community in the Boston school de­ "forced busing." dents from Columbia Point in South segregation crisis contains some im­ But as Judge Arthur Garrity point­ Boston High. portant lessons for the rest of the ed out in his court desegregation or­ All the talk about "neighborhood schools" and "forced busing" falls country. But before it's possible to der, the school committee never oper­ apart in the face of such facts. The appreciate them, it is necessary to note ated "neighborhood schools" in much real issue is opposition to integration certain peculiarities of the Boston of Boston and did not hesitate to use on plain old racist grounds. scene. various forms of transportation, in­ Unlike many other big American cluding busing, to maintain the pat­ cities, Boston still has a large white tern of segregation. Organized racist campaign population living in much of the cen­ Indeed, before as well as after the The signs painted on the walls in tral city, particularly in its older sec­ desegregation order, some students South Boston along the route taken tions. The politics of the city proper­ from South Boston and other white by the buses bringing the Black stu­ not necessarily of the suburbs- is neighborhoods were bused across dents also make the real issue crystal dominated entirely by a Democratic town to special high schools that of­ clear. "Kill niggers" is the most com- Party machine based on the bloc vote fered trade-school or academic cour­ mon one. of a single ethnic group, the Boston ses not available at a nearby high These signs are not simply a spon­ Irish Catholics. school. taneous expression of the feelings of The Boston Irish make up an abso­ One such school is Boys' Latin, a the population of South Boston and lute majority of the population with­ special academic high school located other white communities where they in the city limits and an even great­ in a complex of university and hos­ appear. They are deliberately painted er percentage of the voters. All of­ pital buildings surrounded by a Black along the routes the buses travel or A South Boston street. This neighborhood fices elected on a city-wide basis are community north of Roxbury. Di­ in the immediate vicinity of the schools of 40,000 has been at center of busing dominated by the Boston Irish Dem­ rectly across the street from Boys' . where the students can see them. They controversy. ocratic Party machine. Latin is English High, a regular are not generally found in other parts It blatantly uses its power to dis­ school. of these neighborhoods, even in South pense jobs and other patronage to its Boston. dents (in a city of 640,000). But in Before the desegregation order loyal supporters. It expects favors for It is clear they are part of an or­ the days when it was the center of Boys' Latin was virtually all white, contracts. It makes no pretense of di­ ganized plan to terrorize and provoke Boston's shipping industry it had po­ English virtually all Black. And they viding up posts among the city's var­ the Black students. The segregation­ litical clout. It was the home base were across the street from one ious ethnic groups. ists are well organized on several lev­ of the most powerful Boston Irish another. Some 17 percent of the city's popu­ els. They not only have the school politicians, including the late Boston Boston Technical High is also pre­ lation is Black. A similar but decreas­ dominantly white, but lies in the center committee and the support of the city ing percentage is Italian. About 7 per­ mayor James Michael Curley of Last council, but also neighborhood Hurrah fame. of a Black community. White students cent are Puerto Rican. But all nine bus to it, and always have. groups called "Home and School As­ members of the city council, and all But since the 1950s its docks have About a mile south of South Bos­ sociations," large, well-equipped, well­ five members of the school commit­ ceased to be important, and it is now staffed "information centers," and an an area of high unemployment. It's ton, across the water, lies another tee, are Boston Irish Democrats. peninsula, Columbia Point, where a overall coordinating group called These offices- in other cities usually an old residential area with a view of largely Black housing project is lo­ ROAR (Restore Our Alienated Rights), elected on a district basis- are elected the bay, in easy walking distance of which meets weekly in the city coun­ one of Boston's few beaches. cated. Before the desegregation order, city-wide here. In the entire history students from Columbia Point had to cil chambers at Boston city hall. They of the school committee since it was It is occupied mainly by working­ frequently mobilize their forces and class Boston Irish, many of whom bus to English or Roxbury High, established in 1906, there has never across town. Now they are bused to call demonstrations involving sev­ been a Black member. Only once in depend on connections with the Dem­ eral thousand persons. ocratic Party machine for petty fa­ South Boston High School, only about modern times has the city council had a mile and a half away. In addition, many parts of the de­ a Black member. vors and generally unskilled jobs in city departments. Many of them have Actually, they could walk, but it segregation order must be implement­ lived there all their lives and have wouldn't be safe right now, because ed through the school committee itself, Deliberate segregation no desire to leave, and no way to of the racist violence. which goes through the motions or­ Over the years, the all-white school make it in the suburbs even if they Under the desegregation order, dered by the court, but is doing ev­ committee-which has the power to did leave. some white students from South Bos­ erything it can get away with to sabo­ allocate funds and to assign pupils ton are supposed to be bused to Rox­ tage the desegregation plan. Louise Day Hicks lives in South bury High, a predominantly Black In addition to that, the physical pro­ to particular schools-has conscious­ Boston, in the very small area there ly and deliberately created a pattern school in the Black community. But tection of the Black students rests in with upper-middle-class houses. She's the racist school boycott is not aimed major part with local police forces, of school segregation and of inferior a real estate broker by profession, financing and servicing of predomi­ simply at this part of the plan. White whose members are not above sharing and well aware of the concerted (and South Boston parents backing the rac­ the racist attitudes of much of the .nantly Black schools. illegal) pattern of housing discrimi­ For the past decade, the school com­ ist school boycott are also keeping white population. nation that her profession is so ex­ their children out of South Boston In the face of all this, the Black mittee has devoted itself to a cam­ pert at maintaining, which contrib­ paign to oppose an anticipated at­ utes to the more fundamental cause tern pt to desegregate the Boston of segregated schools - segregated schools. In the same period, the Bos­ neighborhoods. ton schools generally have deterior­ She also knows enough about mod­ ated from an already abysmal state ern capitalist America to know that in (as described in Jonathan Kozol 's all probability the really big money Death at an Early Age, published in considers most of the present popula­ 1967). The school committee has ut­ tion of South Boston to be expendable, terly failed to make any significant to be in the way of a much more progress in improving the quality of profitable development of what is po­ education in Boston. tentially one of the choicest spots for But a set of Democratic politicians urban living left in the United States. -including City Councilwoman Her political efforts, however, are Louise Day Hicks and school commit­ devoted not to defending her neigh­ tee Chairman John Kerrigan-have bors from the inevitable attack by built political careers ·and a set of big capital on their neighborhood, but neighborhood political machines by to whipping up a racist hysteria and playing on the fears of the residents diverting the attention of the residents of the old Boston Irish neighborhoods of South Boston from their real prob­ that the Black ghetto would take them lems. over if the schools were desegregated. South Boston has long been a tight­ This campaign of racist demagogy ly knit, all-white neighborhood, hostile had a particularly sharp effect in the to strangers. Racist violence has bro­ community of South Boston, also ken out there before. In 1973 anum­ known as "Southie." ber of Puerto Rican families were driv­ South Boston is a sharply defined en out of a housing project in South neighborhood located on the penin­ Boston by a campaign of violence sula jutting into Boston Harbor, sur­ including fire bombing. rounded on three sides by water and In their public pronouncements, on the fourth by a trucking and ware­ Hicks, Kerrigan, and the other Dem­ house complex and an eight-lane sup­ ocratic Party politicians who are the erhighway. public face of the movement against Oct. 13 rally protesting racist violence. Sentiment in Black community for action "Southie" has fewer than 40,000 resi- desegregation in Boston are generally against racists is strong, but remains unorganized. 20 Boston racists organize to provoke violence in schools By BAXTER SMITH BOSTON- This city is entering its seventh week of court-ordered public school desegregation and the stubborn campaign of racist opposition is show­ ing no signs of letting up. Gone for now are the white mobs attacking school buses. But the atmo­ sphere of racist violence is still present. Just last week a Black truck driver was pulled from his truck and beaten in South Boston. Over Veterans' Day weekend busing foes organized four motorcades of rac­ ist supporters, the largest on Oct. 28 culminating in a South Boston rally LOUISE DAY HICKS: Racist demagogue estimated by police at 8,000 people. and real estate broker. These actions had a new aspect to them. They mobilized large numbers community appears relatively power­ of whites from the suburbs who fear less. It has no voice in city politics. busing will bring Blacks to their The few Black representatives to the neighborhoods. Judge Arthur Garrity, state legislature (all Democratic Par­ who ordered the desegregation plan, ty politicians) have constituted them­ has indicated that he is considering a selves a Black Caucus and have acted metropolitan-suburban busing plan as spokespersons for the integration for phase two of the desegregation Nazis have been riding around Boston in a school bus displaying signs saying 'White forces, but have done little else. plan slated to be implemented in Sep­ Power.' The Black community here is rela­ tember 1975. tively small and relatively scattered, The Nazis also came into Boston compared with those in places like again last week in full uniform. They school. No arrests were made. tyrants against freedom for American Detroit or Chicago. And the feeling have been riding ar-ound town in a In another such incident, a Black citizens." of strength and solidarity is not as yellow school bus sporting signs of student on his way to English High Referring to President Ford's oppo­ great. "White Power!" was confronted by two white men who sition to busing, Hutcherson said, "We Meanwhile, the mobs stoning buses sprang from- a car and sprayed him find it reprehensible that the President Black sentiment have been replaced by what appears in the face with a chemical. Fortunate­ of the United States ... finds it im­ Decisive leadership within the Black to be a carefully organized campaign ly, a passing ambulance gave him practical to defend the Constitution community could galvanize a strong to create "chaos" in the schools. If medical relief. which he is legally and morally bound mobilization, since the sentiment is ob­ enough incidents of violence can be Still another racist incident involved to uphold." viously there to do everything pos­ generated, the reactionaries reason, it Colley Seabron, a 48-year-old Black On Oct. 25 eight Black leaders met sible to help the Black students fac­ will "prove" desegregation just can't deliveryman, who was accosted and with President Ford and attacked him ing the ordeal. work. beaten by six white men in South for encouraging resistance to desegre­ This in turn would no doubt con­ "We know that some of the white pa­ Boston one afternoon last week. (See gation in Boston. tribute greatly to support coming from rents are sending their kids to school box.) Four Hyde Park High students, two around the country and from the pro­ to stir up trouble," Bob Young, a Meanwhile, two white South Boston whites and two Blacks, returned from integration forces in the white com­ Black parent who is a school observer men were indicted in federal court last a three-day trip to Charlotte, N. C., munity. But so far such leadership is at Hyde Park High School, said last week for the Oct. 7 lynch attempt on Oct. 24, at the order of the Boston not apparent. week. 'What else could it be?" Jean-Louis Yvon, a Haitian immi­ school committee. The trip was initiat­ One of the most ominous develop­ Young recounted a knifing incident grant. ed by Charlotte students to give the ments here is the degree to which the at Hyde Park High, on Oct. 15, when Statements of outrage at the racist Boston students a look at desegrega­ white liberals, and even many radi­ a white boy was allegedly stabbed by mobilization in Boston, and the re­ tion in the Charlotte area. cals, have caved in to the racist pres­ a Black youth, Renardo Baldwin. The fusal of local and federal government sure. They have beaten a retreat in press said the incident was touched off officials to act, continue. School committee chairman John the face of the racist violence, and when several Black girls in the lava­ The Black Caucus of the American Kerrigan pointed to an outbreak of they have shown confusion when con­ tory pushed a white girl who respond­ Federation of Teachers spoke out fighting between Black and white stu­ fronted with racist arguments couched ed with the words, "Black bitches," and strongly this week in Washington, dents at one of the Charlotte schools in terms of 'busing" and "neighbor­ dashed outside telling white boys that D. C. Caucus chairman Maceo Hutch­ as an excuse for bringing back the hood schools." Black girls were bothering her for no erson denounced the racist violence Boston students. He claimed the fight­ In this situation, everything turns reason. as a "serious violation of the CO~l;Sti­ ing proved desegregation was not around the courage and cool-head­ Young explained that, in fact, the tutional rights of the students.... We working in Charlotte. edness of the Black students, who must white girl went into the washroom find it regrettable that the citizens of The students, irate over the commit­ face the racist provocations every "calling every Black girl a bitch," and Boston, where 200 years ago the first tee's action, said that Hyde Park school day. then sprinted down the hallway with blows· against British tyranny were High, compared to Charlotte schools, So far, they have come through like the story that she'd been pushed. struck, should now turn out to be the was "like a prison." soldiers. But it obviously isn't easy. Baldwin was not even near the scene In spite of the carefully worded pro­ but was nonetheless charged with the nouncement of the public leaders of stabbing, Young said. the prosegregation forces that they Using the stabbing as an excuse, want to keep things nonviolent, it is even though Black students have pre­ White thugs assault Black clear that they are counting on "chaos" viously been injured by whites in the BOSTON- Colley Seabron will about two-and-one-half inches long. and "disruption" in the schools. schools, school officials introduced probably think twice from now on "I figured if they were going to They frequently refer to this as the airline-style metal detectors to screen about driving through the streets get me then I was going to get one reason why desegregation won't work incoming students. of South Boston delivering goods. of them," Seabron said. and the court order must be reversed. Racism is apparent in other actions "I guess I made the wrong turn," Seabron says he remembers see­ There have already been numerous taken against Black students. Seabron said, trying to explain how ing a white woman step into the attempts to provoke fights within the Suspensions since the school term six white men managed to jump street and say something to the schools. opened Sept. 12 have been running and beat him Oct. 23 as he was men. In this situation, the position of the high. But many more Black students delivering goods for Causeway "The whole thing happened so fast Black students is extremely delicate. have been suspended than whites. Printing Company, the outfit where and I was frightened, so when they If they respond to racist epithets, the In addition, the overwhelming num­ he works. He now says, "I ain't stepped on the sidewalk I jumped chances are it is they who will be ber of students arrested since school going to South Boston. I'm afraid." back into the truck and drove off. n most severely punished, since it is the began have been Blacks. Seabron, 48, and Black, says he "Meanwhile," he said, "kids that school committee that has appointed saw the men step off the curb as he were standing on the corner drink­ the school administrators and hired Black students at Hyde Park High came to a halt in the truck he was ing beer ran up to where the men the monitors. also report that Tactical Patrol Force driving. were beating me and started pitch­ In spite of all these difficulties, so cops, who prowl the hallways, often "Then one of the men smashed the ing beer cans at me as I got back far the desegregation plan is work­ try to provoke them by calling them window on the right side of the into the truck." ing, in the sense that the schools are "niggers." truck. I thought they were going to But Seabron managed to get into operating and the attendance is creep­ Racist incidents })ave also been re­ kill me for sure. I figured at this the truck anyway and make his ing up toward normal. ported outside the schools. At Jamaica point it was going to be me or way b'llck to work, bleeding. He If this situation continues, the rac­ Plain High one day last week, police them- so I jumped from the front was then taken to Massachusetts ist campaign will fail. The racists reported that two white men leaped seat of the truck and pulled a knife General Hospital, where he was know this. Therefore, a new outbreak from a car with baseball bats and that I carry in my pocket- it's treated. of violence is a real danger. chased four Black students into the

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 21 Maoists join segregationists in Boston By DAVE FRANKEL busing. If that happens, these racists Behind RU's racist adaptation to But such words aren't worth much While attempting to deny Black chil­ will then sing a different tune. Yet the antibusing crusade is its view that when in an actual struggle between dren the right to attend desegregated this crude maneuver is taken by the the racist white workers in South Bos­ the white oppressors and the Black schools, the racists in Boston have R U for good coin. ton represent the working class. In community RU adopts the position done their best to cover up the real RU says that_ "the basis for unity order to sink roots in this stratum of the reactionary white nationalists. issue. They talk about "quality educa­ between Black and white parents (is] of white workers, the R U is perfectly In practice the R U fears any inde­ tion for all in neighborhood schools," their resistance to the busing plan. willing to adapt to the backward prej­ pendent struggle by Blacks. They fail but they have mobilized their forces ... " That is, the basis for unity is udices of these workers and even to to understand that the independent against busing because it is through support to the position of the racists apologize for their racism. From this struggles of Black people-which are busing that the schools are desegre­ -dressed up in phony arguments point of view, the struggle of Black nationalist struggles- are part of the gated. about "better education for all." people for their rights is "divisive." working-class struggle against cap­ The only method yet discovered for At the same time as R U lauds the In contrast to RU's support of italism. In Boston the struggle against desegregating schools when Blacks white resistance to busing as progres­ whites who want to preserve their spe­ the racist offensive is currently the live in a separate ghetto is busing. sive, it condemns "anti-white sentiment cial privileges, revolutionaries in the central battle in the class struggle. The racist mobs have tried to stop [that] has grown in Black and Latin Socialist Workers Party say that white the busing and confine Black children communities, expressing itself in the racism is the source of divisions in Unity of the working class can only to ghetto schools by the use of vio­ attitude 'We're gonna show those the working class. The only way to be based on a common struggle lence. They have stoned buses, hookies we can go to their schools bring about unity between Black and against all forms of privilege and screamed ugly threats at the Black if we want to."' Black people demand white workers is by opposing racism, prejudice. To refuse to champion the students, and have beaten individual the most elementary democratic rights not adapting to it. demands of Blacks in the name of Blacks, nearly lynching one man. - and R U attacks them for it! The R U has a formal position rec­ working-class unity is simply to ig­ According to the R U, "The kind In this situation the Maoist Revolu­ ognizing that Blacks are an oppressed nore the needs of the most oppressed of integration brought about by tionary Union (RU) has come out nationality. They say in the October sections of the working class and to the busing plan- forced integration unequivocally on the side of the white issue of their newspaper, Revolution, pander to the prejudices of its most bigots with the demand to "Stop the based on national inequality- inten­ that "it is essential for everyone to backward layers. In the name of Boston Busing Plan." Not only does sifies national hostilities rather than fight against the oppression and dis­ ''working-class unity," the RU has the R U take the same position as the reduces them .... " crimination of Black people and other wound up on the same side as the racists, it even adopts the arguments "Forced integration"- RU ap- oppressed nationalities.... " segregationists and capitalists. of the more clever segregationists. proaches the problem from the point This comes out most clearly in an of view of the white racists! RU tells R U leaflet distributed in Boston. In it, Blacks to wait until whites are willing R U says, 'We can't write off all white to accept desegregation. As far as they resistance to the busing plan as just are concerned, it is not white racism racist." While rejecting the crude rac­ but the Black struggle against rac­ ism of the Ku Klux Klan, the R U ism that "intensifies national hostili­ leaflet quotes approvingly a state­ ties." This is a segregationist position, ment by a member of the racist Hyde pure and simple. Park Anti-Forced Busing Board, who said: In keeping with its attempt to curry "Mter forced busing is over, this favor with the white racists, the R U organization is going to stay together refuses to put the blame for violence and we're going to march with Blacks squarely on the racist mobs, where it People Must Unite To for better education all over the city. belongs. Instead they call for 'Uniting . . . This is not a Black and white with the demand against TPF [Tac­ racial issue. It's an issue of educa-. tical Patrol Force] brutality in SmashBostonBusingPian tion." Southie." RU's notion of unity is to How to unite the people to oppose the ruling ciau' -Black and white-against our common enemy-the use local fundd as a cover, federal funding of educa­ This statement talks about unity ask Blacks to sympathize with the attempts to divide them is the question posed by re- ruling class and its local agents such as Kerrigan and tion has been cut back significantly, including pro­ cent events in Boston around the issue of busing. Hicks and to fight for a better education, better school grams for "educational enrichment," remedial math with Blacks-with just one little pre­ white mobs when police try to stop When the Boston schools opened on Sept. 12, fecilities, etc. for all the childfen. And wiJflin this gen- and reading. bi-lingual educ.tion. physical education, thousan

22 The Kissinger-Brezhnev meeting: plotting counterrevolution in Europe &the Mideast By DAVE FRANKEL and its capitalist allies have assured founder of the right-wing clerical best to help in imposing a settlement U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kis­ themselves of the help of the multi­ movement Opus Dei and a pillar of in the Arab East that would guaran­ singer and Soviet Communist Party million-member Communist parties in the Franco regime, in forming a "junta tee the maintenance of the Israeli colo­ chief Leonid Brezhnev met in Mos­ Europe in keeping the radicalization of national union," which hopes to nial-settler state. The announced will­ cow Oct 24-26. As is usual at such of the European workers within the replace Franco as the guardian of ingness of the Palestine Liberation Or­ secret meetings, soothing communi­ framework of capitalism. · Spanish capitalism. ganization (PLO) to participate in the ques were issued describing the talks As Christopher Wren pointed out As the economic difficulties of Wash­ U. S.-Soviet-sponsored Geneva con­ as "useful," "frank," and "cordial," and in the Oct. 23 New York Times, "Mos­ ington' s European allies increase, and ferenc~ and the PLO's replacement of saying nothing about what was ac­ cow has refrained from urging such as social tensions rise, the counter­ the demand for a democratic, secular tually discussed. parties to take advantage of economic revolutionary character of detente and Palestine in what is now Israel with Moscow and Washington would disarray to avoid jeopardizing its re­ of the Stalinist parties that support it the demand for a Palestinian state on dearly like to arbitrate the problems lations with Western governments." is becoming increasingly obvious. the West Bank of the Jordan River, of the world, according to their mu­ Moreover, the Soviet bureaucrats were the result of pressure from Mos­ tual benefit, in cozy meetings behind have a vested interest in helping Wash­ The Mideast cow as well as from most of the Arab locked doors. But the problems are ington stem the tide of world revolu­ Another major preoccupation of Kis­ governments. getting too big. They affect too many tion, because it is the growth of the singer and Brezhnev was undoubtedly However, Washington and Moscow peopl~ and they keep spilling out of revolutionary workers movement in- the situation in the oil-rich Middle are still a long way from reaching the framework set up by the would-be any workable agreement in the Mid­ arbiters, as was shown during the east. And even to the extent that they Mideast war of October 1973. agree, they will have a hard time The Kissinger-Brezhnev meetings getting everybody else involved to go were an attempt to shore up the frame­ along. Broad sections of the Pales­ work of detente against the rising tide tinian people are unwilling to com­ of the class struggle around the world, promise their claim on all of Palestine. particularly against the destabilizing In addition, the Israeli regime has effect of the economic crisis gathering shown no eagerness to give up an inch strength in the imperialist countries. of the land on the West Bank that it Kissinger saw his trip as a way "to conquered in 1967. And the Zionists test the willingness of the Soviet lead­ are not above provoking another war ership to work with the Ford Admin­ as a means of foiling any pressure for istration for a curb on strategic arms a compromise on their part. and a settlement of European and Middle Eastern problems," wrote Ber­ Trade and disarmament nard Gwertzman in the Oct 22 New Besides their counterrevolutionary York Times. deals concerning Europe and the Arab East, Kissinger and Brezhnev dis­ Detente in Europe cussed trade-viewed by the Kremlin For the imperialists, detente is a as the most important payoff for its weapon to help them maintain their help in policing the world for U. S. rule Its effectiveness was shown in business. Vietnam, where the Soviet bureaucracy As for discussion on disarmament, helped Washington achieve a settle­ this gets much more play in the news in Turin nstrate against layoffs. reports than in actual negotiations. ment that left its Saigon puppet re­ blunt radicalization of European workers. gime intact in exchange for the open­ To the extent that the two sides are ing of trade relations. Recently, the interested in any real agreements to problems of maintaining stable cap­ hold down the costs of weapons pro­ side the Soviet Union that will even­ East, an area whose importance to grams, they leave the negotiations to italist rule have increasingly shifted tually sweep them and their repres­ imperialism has been spotlighted by teams of experts. to Europ~ and the detente strategy sive apparatus away. the events of the past year. is being applied there as well. But the imperialists have no inten­ In trying to build a bulwark against tion whatsoever of disarming. The Kissinger's trip to Moscow was pre­ the Arab revolution, Washington has participation of the Soviet government ceded by U. S. recognition of East The example of Portugal been stepping up its military aid to in the charade of disarmament only Germany in early September and by The Stalinist policy of actively op­ the most conservative proimperialist the trip of Polish Communist Party posing the socialist transformation of serves to mislead and confuse the peo­ regimes, such as those in Iran and ple of the world. The conferences on head Edward Gierek to the United society has been most clearly ex­ Saudi Arabia. At the same time, the States a month later. "So great is Mos­ pressed in Portugal, where the largest disarmament are propaganda exer­ imperialists have kept open their op­ cises, no different than the so-called cow's concern over the talks which party in the country is the Portuguese tions for military action that would Mr. Gierek is having in the United Communist Party (CP). disarmament negotiations that paved be carried out by or in conjunction the way to World War I and II. States," wrote Paul W ohl in a Chris­ "Indeed," writes the Oct. 14 issue of with their Israeli client. The danger tian Science Monitor articl~ "that So­ Newsweek, "Portuguese Communists of this has been increased by the bel­ viet Foreign Minister and politburo have been on their best behavior since licose stand taken by Washington on member Andrei A. Gromyko spent being given Cabinet posts last April, Middle East oil prices. several days in Warsaw briefing the and they are well aware their perfor­ The military hardware earmarked Polish leader on the Kremlin's views mance is being closely watched for for Israel- reportedly $4-billion a about future East-West relations." clues to what they might do if taken year for each of the next four years In addition to formal recognition into coalition governments in other alone- amounts to about 50 percent of the division of Germany -long a European countries. . . . Portuguese of the yearly gross national product major diplomatic goal of Moscow­ Communist leader Alvaro Cunha!, of Israel. This places it in a wholly dif­ and increased access to imperialist who was named minister without port­ ferent category than the type of aid technology, the Stalinist bureaucrats folio, has played a major role in curb­ previously supplied by Washington to hope to get agreement on the reduc­ ing strikes and getting workers to the Zionist state. tion of U. S. forces in Europe In ex­ moderate wage demands." change for these bones, Washington While Moscow propagandists justi­ However, the imperialists would pre­ fiably make much of statements from fer a settlement in the Arab East that Peking in support of the reactionary would make direct military interven­ NATO allianc~ they have said tion unnecessary. And for that they nothing about the fact that the Portu­ need Moscow. guese CP has supported without hesi­ The tenor of the talks between Kis­ tation the continued membership of singer and Brezhnev was indicated Lisbon in NATO, along with the re­ when Gierek told reporters in Wash­ negotiation of the U. S. lease on the ington, D. C., Oct. 9 that he envisioned strategic Azores Islands air base. resumption of diplomatic relations be­ In order to further stress its eager­ tween Poland and Israel "within a ness to collaborate with the capital­ year." He added that "Poland has al­ ists, the Portuguese CP recently repu­ ways supported the existence of diated all references to the dictatorship Israel." of the proletariat in its program. Diplomatic sources from other East Similarly, the Italian Communist European workers states were quoted Party has also endorsed NATO and the next day as saying that the Soviet the Common Market in its search for Union, Hungary, Bulgaria, and a place in the capitalist government. Czechoslovakia also expected to re­ U.S. paratrooper during October 1973 ey wou The Spanish Communist Party has sume diplomatic relations with Israel alert of U.S. forces. Washington is still like to arbitrate world problems behind joined with Rafael Calvo Serer, the in 1975. prepared to intervene militarily in Mid­ closed doors. Catholic and monarchist who was a It is clear that Moscow will do its east.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 23 Millions in Japan protest Ford Frelimo visit, U.S. nuclear weapons .troops From Intercontinental Press .attacked By PETER GREEN Huge protest rallies throughout Ja­ pan on international antiwar day, Oc­ by lisbon tober 21, demanded the removal of U.S. nuclear weapons and the cancel­ lation of Ford's scheduled November 18 visit The sponsoring organiza­ soldiers tions, which included the Communist By TONY THOMAS and Socialist parties and the major A clash between troops of the Mozam­ trade unions, reported that 2.2 million bique Liberation Front (Fielimo) and persons had taken part in 456 dem­ Portuguese army commandos took onstrations. place Oct. 21 in Louren~o Marques, A rally in Meiji Park in central To­ the capital of Mozambique. kyo was attended by 70,000 demon­ The fighting, which was initiated by strators. Speakers at the rally repeat­ Portuguese commandos, sparked a edly pointed to the massive protests new uprising by the city's Black popu­ in 1960 that forced the cancellation lation, which has shown itself deter­ of President Eisenhower's visit. A mined to beat back any challenge to Communist party speaker called for the independence struggle. "an even larger-scale movement" to Mozambique is a Portuguese colony block Ford's visit now administered by a joint govern- The mounting opposition to the , ment of Frelimo and Portuguese of­ presence of U.S. nuclear weapons in ficials. This regime is supposed to Japan- the country that experienced prepare Mozambique's transition to the world's only atomic bombings­ independence on June 25, 1975. has been given a further boost by new However, the recent clash indicates revelations that confirm the existence the contradiction in a government con­ of a secret agreement between Wash­ taining liberation fighters who have ington and Tokyo permitting the Unit­ battled the Portuguese for 10 years, ed States to move nuclear weapons together with the Portuguese colonial­ through the country. ists. Citing "authoritative Japanese The clash reportedly began when sources," New York Times correspon­ a Portuguese soldier attacked a Mo­ dent Richard Halloran reported Oc­ zambican youth who was wearing a tober 27 that the agreement was made shirt with the Frelimo flag on it. A in 1960 by Aiichiro Fujiyama, then Frelimo soldier who came to the Japan's foreign minister, and Douglas youth's aid was attacked by the Por- MacAurthur II, the U. S. ambassador ' tuguese soldier. Later, Portuguese The secret agreement was concluded commandos opened fire on a contin­ without a Japanese text so that the gent of Frelimo soldiers, and a gen­ Japanese government could deny its eral clash developed. existence without fearing that a copy Rally of 70,000 in Tokyo Oct. 21 An Oct. 21 Reuters dispatch report­ of the document might be leaked. Only ed that the clash was subdued by a U. S. officials recorded the agreement. combined force of Portuguese and Frelimo troops. By that evening, 14 In a dispatch to the October 22 The "carnival spirit" in 1960 forced showing that the U. S. was in fact had reportedly been killed and 66 New York Times that appears to have the Japanese government to cancel bringing nuclear weapons into Japan, wounded in the clash. been colored by a little wishful think­ Eisenhower's visit and led to the resig­ Tokyo continued to issue denials. For­ nation of Prime Minister N obusuke eign Minister Toshio Kimura told par­ However, the news of the Portuguese ing, Halloran described the response provocation led to an uprising in the at the Tokyo rally as "tepid." Kishi a month later. The current wave liament October 14 that there was no of protest- sparked initially by the secret transit agreement with Washing­ Black shantytowns surrounding the "With the rather lighthearted, carni­ city. By the next morning Reuters re­ val atmosphere that prevailed to­ congressional testimony of retired ton, and said he believed there were no Rear Admiral Gene LaRocque that nuclear weapons aboard U.S. war­ ported that at least 49 people had night," he said, "it seemed doubtful been killed, the sidewalks were blood­ that they [the sponsoring organi­ U.S. warships carrying nuclear weap­ ships in Japanese ports. ons do not unload them before enter­ Crew members from the U. S. air­ stained, and wrecked cars and still­ zations] had made much headway to­ smouldering homes could be seen in ward their objective" of forcing the ing Japanese ports-might be just as craft carrier Midway were able to give the white suburbs. cancellation of Ford's visit. far-reaching in its effects. specific details of the nuclear weapons Joint Frelimo-Portuguese military However, three weeks before Eisen­ When LaRocque's testimony was the ship brought into Japanese ports. units established roadblocks around hower's planned visit in 1960, the made public in Japan on October 7, The October 14 Washington Post re­ the white suburbs to try to protect New York Times made a similar ef­ 15,000 persons demonstrated at Sase­ ported that "seamen with firsthand them from the Black uprisings. fort to play down the seriousness of bo, near Nagasaki, until the guided­ knowledge of the Midway's arma­ the opposition. "Students and Adults missile frigate Warden and the ments and cargo said the white or More evidence of the danger of at­ Chant in Carnival Spirit Against Vis­ destroyer Gurke left. The next day the silver nuclear bombs with red-painted tacks by colonialist forces against the it by Eisenhower" was the subhead on nuclear-powered attack submarine noses are kept in 'special ammunition' Mozambican people is an Oct. 23 an article by Robert Trumbull in the Pogy left Yokosuka, and when the air­ magazines under 24-hour guard by Christian &:ience Monitor report that May 27, 1960, New York Times re­ craft carrier Midway returned to armed U. S. Marines." arms caches have been found on porting demonstrations by more than Yokosuka Bay October 10, it was met The bombs were aboard when the beaches near the city. It is believed two million persons throughout by about 1,000 demonstrators. carrier left California a year ago, they that the arms belong to white-settler Japan. As more and more evidence emerged said, and more were brought aboard colonialist groups. at Subic Bay in the Philippines in These white groups launched an un­ February. Since then only one bomb successful coup in September, in an had been removed, after it reportedly attempt to block Frelimo 's inclusion New South Korean protests failed a "safety test." One crewman, in the "transitional" regime. Then al­ quoted by a Socialist member of the so, it was a mass rebellion of the President Ford also hopes to visit most influential daily newspapers, Japanese parliament on October 21, shantytown Blacks that crushed the South Korea during his trip to the went on strike. They were demand­ claimed the Midway was carrying at white offensive. The Portuguese army Far East, but he will find no warm­ ing publication of a resolution least fifteen nuclear bombs. refused to move decisiVIely against the er welcome among the Korean peo­ against government censorship, the white coupists. ple than he will among the Japa­ planting of security agents at news­ Even after all this, Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka still stuck to his de­ To safeguard the gains already won nese-if the trip takes place at all. paper offices, and interrogation and in the liberation struggle and to end A leader of the Christian women's arrests of journalists. The news­ nials. "I am convinced that nuclear weapons have not been brought into imperialist exploitation, the liberation movement in Korea, Lee Oo Chung, paper workers won their demand, fighters should look to organizing and told the New York Times recently and the next day all seven national Japan," he said October 22. He claimed that Washington had told the arming the shantytown Blacks and that Koreans overwhelmingly op­ newspapers and three radio stations the other working masses of Mozam­ pose the planned visit, which will carried statements denouncing the Japanese government that it would not bring nuclear weapons into the bique. give aid and comfort to the Park censorship. The road to liberation in Mozam­ dictatorship. country. According to a public-opinion poll bique is through defending the social Street demonstrations by students One of the pretexts for the gov­ and national interests of the masses and Catholics occurred almostdaily ernment clampdown on the journal­ taken toward the end of September by a leading daily, the Mainichi Shim bun, of Black workers and peasants. So in the last two weeks of October. ists was the publication of news re­ long as the Portuguese colonialists The protesters demanded an end only 18 percent of the Japanese people ports on recent demonstrations by have a hand in the government of Mo­ to the country's martial-law con­ journalists, students, and others support Tanaka's administration. zambique they will attempt to frustrate stitution and release of all political against the Thieu dictatorship in Coming on top of disclosures this this perspective. prisoners. South Vietnam, which have been month about Tanaka's crooked finan­ On Oct. 24, journalists and editors an inspiration to the South Korean cial dealings, the current storm of pro­ of Dong-A-lzbo, one of the country's people. test over nuclear weapons could ser­ iously weaken his government.

24 Militant street sales continue to top goal; subscription drive lags behind schedule By ROSE OGDEN doing in relation to the others. away from where they should be. While The Militant sales drive is mov­ As the scoreboard shqws, 11 cities Shirley Pasholk explains their plans ing along at a rapid pace, the 11- are on schedule and Ann Arbor, Tal­ to assure selling at least 157 more week drive to obtain 12,000 new sub­ lahassee, and Portland have sold 100 subscriptions: "The first two Satur­ scribers to The Militant is seriously percent or more of their quotas. days in November will be devoted to behind schedule. Many other cities have indicated that selling subscriptions in Black housing A total of 6,338 new subscriptions even though they are behind now, they projects. And on the last Saturday of have come in but this is only 53 per­ will be able to catch up and finish the drive we plan to make a final visit cent of the goal. We should have 64 on time. to some area campuses." percent of the total by now. More Boston supporters report plans to The top sub-seller from Detroit, Lee than 5,600 subscriptions will have to meet their quota of 700. Teams will Artz, reports that Militant single copy be obtained in the final three weeks of spend two consecutive Sundays selling and subscription sales complement the drive. This will require a major subscriptions on outlying campuses. each other. Artz sold 46 subscriptions effort. In addition, special teams will spend in one day at Central Michigan Uni­ The scoreboard accompanying this a few days on those campuses that are versity. Thirty-three of these were sold article reports on the subscription too far from Boston to visit in one while hawking Militants. drive rather than weekly street sales. day. The 15 Young Socialist teams have Supporters can see how their city is Cleveland is only a slight margin each taken quotas of 30 Militant sub­ scriptions a week. Some of the teams fell behind during the first weeks of their tours. Many report that on some Subscription scoreboard campuses they are not permitted to en­ ter the dotms, so to catch up they AREA QUOTA SOLD % Louisville, Ky. 25 5 20 plan to spend more time selling sub­ Ann Arbor, Mich. 30 34 113 Sacramento, Calif. 20 4 20 scriptions at off-campus housing, both Tallahassee, Fla. 15 15 100 Bloomington, Ind. 75 14 19 in student neighborhoods and in Portland, Ore. 275 275 100 San Jose, Calif. 30 5 17 . Black communities. Denver 325 315 97 Edinboro, Po. 15 2 13 Chicago 400 324 81 Phoenix, Ariz. 20 1 5 Twin Cities 500 390 78 Santa Barbara, Calif. 20 1 5 Some of the teams did exceptionally Detroit 475 353 74 Lawrence, Kans. * 28 well this past week. For example, the Logan, Utah 50 36 72 Shippensburg, Po. * 8 Mid-Atlantic team sold 58 and the Illi­ St. Louis 300 205 68 St. Cloud, Minn. * 7 nois/Wisconsin team sold 35. East Lansing, Mich. 80 52 65 Mankato, Minn. * 7 Militant street sales continue to re­ Militant/Tom O'Brien Pittsburgh 300 192 64 General 197 main well above our weekly goal of Participant in Chicago unemployed dem­ Cleveland 400 243 61 9,600. Twenty-three cities out of the onstration takes a break from picketing. L.A. (West Side) 350 208 59 YOUNG SOCIALIST TEAMS 31 reporting met their weekly sales Philadelphia 300 178 59 Upper Midwest 180 178 99 goal, for a total of 10,416 copies of San Francisco 500 296 59 Ohio/Kentucky 240 140 58 the Oct. 25 issue (headlined: "Ford munity. Lisa Potash explains that The State College, Po. 15 8 53 Pennsylvania 240 107 45 incites Boston racists"). The Young Militant has become well-known in Brooklyn, N.Y. 400 207 52 Mid-Atlantic 240 104 43 Socialist teams sold 1, 7 44 additional Portland's Black community because Nashville, Tenn. 25 13 52 Michigan/Indiana 240 99 41 copies. of the regular sales they conduct each Atlanta 350 178 51 Northwest 240 76 32 Supporters placed an emphasis on week. "The recent coverage of Boston Cincinnati 20 10 50 N. Y./N.J.fConn. 240 59 25 selling in Black communities in order has enhanced this recognition," Potash Milwaukee 100 49 49 Southeast 240 48 20 to get out the truth about the racist of­ adds. "No one else has reported on the San Diego 275 126 46 Northern Calif. 240 47 20 fensive in Boston. Boston supporters issues at stake nor come out in clear Upper West Side, N.Y. 400 175 44 New England 240 42 18 sold 1,165 copies, primarily to Black support for the rights of Black stu­ Oakland/Berkeley 700 274 39 lllinois/Wis. 240 40 17 people. Atlanta reports selling 435 to dents. Recently when I was selling, L.A. (Central-East) 350 131 37 Southern Calif. 240 39 16 Blacks. a young Black man told me he was Boston 700 244 35 Missouri 240 36 15 At a campus meeting in Detroit anxious to read The Militant- his Houston 400 134 34 Colorado 210 23 11 where Dick Gregory spoke, interest in mother had told him it was the great­ Seattle 325 108 33 Texas 240 22 9 The Militant was so high that people est paper she had ever read." Indianapolis 25 8 32 lined up to buy a copy. A total of Craig Honts sends in a similar re­ Lower Manhattan, N.Y. 400 121 30 TOTAL TO DATE 6,338 135 were sold at that event. port from Seattle. "On a number of oc­ Madison, Wis. 15 4 27 SHOULD BE 7,680 Portland reports that although they casions Black people driving by Mili­ Albany, N.Y. 15 4 27 GOAL 12,000 have met their subscription quota of tant sellers would stop their cars and Washington, D. C. 350 89 25 *no quota 27 5 they plan to continue selling sub­ hold out a quarter saying they wanted scriptions, especially in the Black com- to read the latest news on Boston." Militant sellers in California free speech fight STOCKTON, Calif.- The Oct. 10 ar­ for our ideas. In fact, it is these ideas to the end." the ones. I believe this incident is a rest of two socialist activists here for that the Stockton police are trying to The news conference and a rally of flagrant violation of the Bill of Rights." selling The Militant has created a big­ suppress. We plan to fight this case 60 people the same day held at the Wixson and Hutton are demanding ger stir than the local police bargained University of the Pacific (UOP) were that the charges against them be for. Although Gaile Wixson and Bill covered in the Stockton Record, the dropped, that all harassment and in­ Hutton, two members of a traveling area's only daily, and in the univer­ timidation of radicals in Stockton be team building support for the Socialist sity newspaper. KOVR-TV, the major ended, and that .the Stockton police Workers Party candidates in Califor­ television station in the central Cali­ open their files to the public. A pre­ nia, were charged with doing business fornia area, also gave coverage to trial conference is scheduled for Nov. without a license, police questioning the case. 4, at which time Marvin Marks, the revolved around their political activi­ At the rally, Gwenneth Browne, a American Civil Liberties Union at­ ties. professor of philosophy and the presi­ torney handling the defense, will ask Dan Styron, SWP candidate for U. S. dent of the American Association of that the charges be dropped. Senator from California, said at an University Professors in Stockton, In addition, the arrest is going to Oct. 16 news conference in Stockton: gave her support to the socialists' be used as an example of govern­ "The Stockton police knew where the fight. "Stockton would be a healthier ment harassment of the SWP in the Young Socialists for Rodriguez were place to live if citizens exercising their party's challenge to the campaign dis­ doing political work during the day, rights would not be harassed," she closure laws in California. The SWP where they were staying at night, what said. is challenging the law requiring that car they were driving, and probably Mark Rogo, vice-president of the As­ names of campaign contributors be much more. sociated Students of UOP, noted that handed in to the government, since "The Socialist Workers Party and DAN STYRON: 'We will "the people who got busted could've this would result in supplying the gov­ Young Socialist Alliance are legal police prevent us from campaigning been anybody. This thing must be ernment with a ready-made "enemies organizations. We campaign openly openly for our ideas.' taken care of before you or I are list."

THE MIUTANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 25 "the Socialist Workers Party has been ur Park Oct. 27. There were speeches, the subject of problems that the ma­ Latin music, and teatros. jor political parties have not been sub­ The event was sponsored by the Los jected to," but concluded that the "val­ Angeles Puerto Rican Solidarity Day dates distributed campaign platforms uable function" of disclosure laws out­ Committee, a coalition of numerous weighed the "problems and inconven­ radical and community groups. DETROIT and a list of questions on Gilligan's INJURY AND INSULT: LIFE IN CAPITALIST AMERICA antilabor record to the audience. ience to petitioner." Among those participating were the -SOCIALIST EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE. Sat., Brown has also spoken at meetings Speaking to the media after the hear­ Puerto Rican Socialist Party, Socialist Nov. 9, 11 a.m.: Democratic rights. Speakers: AHica ing, Olga Rodriguez said, 'What Judge Workers Party, New American Move­ defendant; representative from Political Rights Defense sponsored by the National Organiza­ tion for Women and the Women's Po­ Lucas called 'problems and inconven­ ment, National Committee to Free Los Fund; 4 p.m.: What road to Black liberation; 7 p.m.: ience' is in reality extreme harass­ Blad voices from prison. Speaker: Etheridge Knight; litical Caucus. A campaign representa­ Tres, CASA, La Raza Unida Party, Sun., Nov. 10, 1 p.m.: Is the U.S. headed toward tive also addressed a meeting of the ment, violent attacks, and ultimately October League, and the Filipino or­ another depression-why the system won't work. Columbus Gay Activists Alliance, a threat to our very right to partici­ ganization KDP. Speaker: Dick Roberts. Student Center Building, Hil­ At the beginning of October the pate in elections. In Seattle, 200 marched through the berry. Lounge, Wayne State University. Donation: $3 "I also disagree that these laws serve university district Oct. 26 in an action for entire conference, 75 cents per session. Ausp: Young Socialists for Nancy Brown sponsored by the Puerto Rican Soli­ Yaung Socialist Alliance. For more information call organized a special week of high any 'valuable function.' Their real (313) 833-5898. school campaigning that included purpose is to drive trade unions out darity Day Committee. Earlier in the week 100 people turned out to attend speaking to classes and holding street of politics, victimze the candidates and HOUSTON a teach-in on Puerto Rico at the Uni­ meetings, discussions, and debates. supporters of parties like the Social­ THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION: DISCUSSION AND FILM. ist Workers Party and La Raza Unida versity of Washington. Speakers to be announced. Fri., Nov. 8, 8 p.m. 3311 At Shaw High School, a predomi­ Party, and restore people's illusions Montrose. Donation: $]. Ausp: Militant Forum. For nantly Black school in East Cleve­ In Oakland, Calif., 500 attended a more information call (713) 526-1082. land, 54 students signed cards backing in the two fundamentally corrupt cap­ rally Oct 27 at which a tape record­ italist parties." ing of the Madison Square Garden NASHVILLE the SWP slate. At Cleveland Heights UNDERSTANDING MARXIST PHILOSOPHY. Speaker: High School, one teacher took her rally was played. Speaking in addi­ Joe Soares, Socialist Workers Party. Class 1: Fri., class in American government outside In related developments, the AC L U, tion were a representative of the Puer­ Nov. 8, 7:30 p.m.; class 2: Sat., Nov. 9, 11:15 a.m. to hear the socialist street rally. representing the Washington, D.C., to Rican Socialist Party, Clyde Belle­ Sarrat Student Center, Roam 203, Vanderbilt Univer­ On Oct 20 four SWP candidates Socialist Workers campaign com­ court of the American Indian Move­ sity. Donation: 50 cents. Ausp: Nashville Young So­ mittee, wrote to the board of elections ment, and others. The action was en­ cialist Alliance. For more information call (615) 383- spoke at a rally sponsored by the 2583. League of Women Voters and carried and ethics Oct. 10 to request an ex­ dorsed by many organizations. live over television. emption from the D.C. Campaign Fi­ NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE SWP congressional candidate Mar­ nance Reform and Conflict of Inter­ THE STRUGGLE FOR MINORITY JOBS IN THE CON. est Act. STRUCTION INDUSTRY. Speakers: Gilbert Bonks, Fight guerite Snyder spoke out against the Baclc; Moses Harris, Black Economic Survival; Cecil recent attacks on Black' students at The ACL U letter stated that while Lamplcin, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., Nov. 8, 8 p.m. Collinwood High School and called the Socialist Workers campaign com­ ... Boston 2726 Broadway (at 104th St.), Third Floor. Donation: attention to the absolute silence on mittee would comply with all the act's Continued from page 28 $1. Ausp: West Side Militant Forum. For more infor­ this issue from her Democratic ·op­ requirements, it would refuse to pro­ Michael Dukakis had the gall to tour mation call (212) 663-3000. ponent, Louis Stokes. vide information about expenditures four Black churches Oct. 27 and re­ Posters of the SWP campaign could and contributions that would exposP fuse to mention the busing issue in OAKLAND/BERKELEY be seen by television viewers as the its supporters to harassment or intiml­ any of them. TEN DAYS THAT SHOOK THE WORLD: A FILM BY capitalist candidates spoke, and the dation. Dukakis and Republican candidate EISENSTEIN. Fri., Nov. 8, 8 p.m. 1849 University Cleveland Plain Dealer carried a front­ On Oct. 24, the Ohio ACLU filed Governor Francis Sargent have made Ave., Berkeley. Donation: Sl. Ausp: Militant Forum. suit in federal court on behalf of the a pact to avoid discussing busing and For more information call (415) 548-0354. page photo of a youngster holding a "Nancy Brown for Governor" poster. Ohio Socialist Workers campaign even canceled a debate when the PHILADaPHIA committee, demanding that the SWP school situation was particularly A NATIONAL MINERS STRIKE? WHATS AT STAKE? be exempted from the state campaign tense. They have refused to debate AN ON-THE-SCENE REPORT. Speakers to be an­ finance disclosure law. A news con­ SWP candidate Donald Gurewitz . nounced. Fri., Nov. 8, 8 p.m. 1004 Filbert St. Dona­ ference announcing the suit was widely tion: $], Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information As Blacks face daily violence from covered by local radio and television. call (215) WAS-4316. ... court the racists, the capitalist candidates Continued from page 10 pretend that nothing is happening. ST. LOUIS "Oil companies are unpopular; In contrast, the SWP candidates are HUNGER: U.S. AGRIBUSINESS AND WORLD FAMINE. banks are unpopular; most politicians holding street rallies, distributing Speakers: Professor Jack Kirldand, director of Black are unpopular," Lowenstein argued. thousands of pieces of literature, and studies, Washington Univ.; Allan Grady, SWP; others. ... rally "Granting this [injunction) would say using all of their radio and TV time Fri., Nov. 8, 8 p.m. 4660 Maryland, Room 17. Dona­ Continued from page JJ lion: Sl. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information that all unpopular people could be in an effort to tell the truth about struggle. There is a diversity of forms call (314) 367-2520. exempt." what is going on in Boston and to and means by which the Puerto Rican Rosenbaum responded by citing ex­ mobilize support behind the Black SAN FRANCISCO people struggle for independence and ample after example of economic re­ community. BOSTON 1974: BLACK LIBERATION AND NORTHERN national liberation. This is one of the prisals against SWP members and "Boston voters can deal a blow to RACISM. Speakers: Paul Boutelle, SWP candidate for means." U.S. Congress, 8th C. D.; others. Fri., Nov. 8, 8 p.m. supporters, FBI intimidation, police the racists in this election," says Gure­ He criticized U.S. imperialism for 1519 Mission St. Donation: Sl. Ausp: Militant labor disruption of legal political activities, witz. "Vote Socialist Workers Party its decades of violence against the Forum. For more information call (415) 864-9174. and terrorist attacks. and vote 'Yes' on Question 7 on Puerto Rican people. He also pointed to the FBI's ad­ Nov. 5. TWIN CITIES mitted "SWP Disruption Program" and "Our campaign to defend the Black INDEPENDENCE FOR NORTHERN IRELAND. Speaker: the fact that the House Internal Se­ Actions took place in other cities in community's right to desegregated Bernadette Devlin. Fri., Nov. 8, 8 p.m. West Bank curity Committee maintains a file on solidarity with the New York rally schools will not end on election day. Union auditorium, Univ. of Minnesota, Mpls. Ausp: Militant Forum, Young Socialist Alliance, Irish North­ California SWP gubernatorial candi­ and with the struggle for Puerto Rican We will continue our all-out support ern Aid, West Bank Union. For more information call date Olga Rodriguez. independence. In Los Angeles 500 until the racists are decisively de­ (6121 332-nsl. Judge Lucas's ruling admitted that people marched to a rally in MacArth- feated." Socialist Directory

ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Steve Shliveck, P. 0. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree MINNESOTA: Minneopoli~St. Paul: SWP, YSA, lobar PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Col­ Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. 85281. St., N. E., Third Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. SWP and Bookstore, 25 University Ave. S. E., Mpls., Minn.55414. lege, Edinboro, Po. 16412. ·Tucson: YSA,c/o Tim Clennon, S. U. P. 0. Box 20965, YSA, P. 0. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. Tel: (404) Tel: (612) 332-7781. Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 1004 Tucson, Ariz. 85720. 523-0610. MISSOURI: St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, Filbert St. (one block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Ooldand: SWP and YSA, HAWAII: Honolulu: YSA, c/o David Hough, 629 Ban­ 4660 Maryland, Suite 17, St. louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: nister St. *4, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819. (314)367-2520. Pittsburgh: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Press, 3400 Fifth (415)548-0354. ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 NEW JERSEY: New Brunswiclc YSA, c/o Richard Ariza, Ave., Pittsburgh, Po. 15213. Tel: (412)682-5019. Los Angeles, Central-East: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ S. Wabash, Filth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP­ 515 S. First Ave., Highland Park, N.J. 08904. Tel: State College: YSA, 333 logan Ave. *401, State Col­ store, 710 S. Westlake Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90057. (312) 939-0737, YSA- (312) 427-0280, Pathfinder (201)828-4710. lege, Po. 1680 I. Tel: (213) 483-1512. Books- (312)939-0756. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, P. 0. Box 67, Station Los Angeles, West Side: SWP and YSA, 230 Broad­ INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities B, Nashville, Tenn. 37235. Tel: (615) 383-2583. way, Santa Monica, Calif. 90401. Tel: (213) 394-9050. Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer Livingston, - TEXAS: Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, Los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ Indianapolis: YSA, c/o Dave Ellis, 1309 E. Vermont, 317 State St., Albany, N.Y. 12210. 3311 Montrose, Houston, Texas 77006. Tel: (713) 526- lake Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) 483- Indianapolis, Ind. 46202. Brooldyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Wil­ 1082. 0357. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Christopher Starr, loughby), Brooldyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212)596-2849. San Antonio: YSA, c/o Andy Gonzalez, 2203 W. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Marlene Metcalf, P. 0. Box 3020 Iowa St., Apt. C14, lawrence, Kans. 66044. Tel: Buffalo: YSA, P. 0. Box 604, Buffalo, N.Y. 14240. Houston, San Antonio, Texas 78207. 2061, Sacramento, Calif. 95810. (913) 864-4738 or 842-8658. N- York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broad­ U'TAH: Logan: YSA, P. 0. Box 1233, Utah State Uni­ San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 KENTUCKY: Louisville: YSA, Box 8026, louisville, way (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: versity, logan, Utah 84321. El Cajon Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) Ky. 40208. (212) 982-4966. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, 280-1292. MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, 709 W. Monument St., Lower Manhotton: SWP, YSA, and Merif Bookstore. 1345 E St. N. W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. 20004. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Baltimore, Md. 21201. Tel: (301) 383-8128. 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. Tel: SWP-(202)783-2391; YSA-(202) 783-2363. Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., San Francisco, Calif. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212)982-6051; MeritBooks­ 94103. Tel: (415)864-9174. MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant (212) 982-5940. 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26 20% Until Nov. Dynamics of World Revolution Today Black Liberation & Socialism Anthology, edited by Will Reissner. Anthology, edited by Tony Thomas. The four documents in this book deal with .ques­ "These young, militant Black Marxists provide a prac­ tions of vital importance to revolutionary socialists. tical program for combating racism in the United Written for the world Trotskyist movement, they anal­ States."- Black Times yze the three sectors of the world revolution and their In discussing the history, theory, and strategy of interaction---'the proletarian revolution in the ad­ the Black movement, these Black activists: vanced capitalist countries, the colonial revolution • probe the relevance of women's liberation to Black in the "third world," and the political revolution in women, the Soviet Union and other workers' states. • call for a political break with the Democratic and Against this background, recent developments, Republican parties and advocate the formation of an such as the detente, the war in Vietnam, growing independent Black political party, working-class militancy, the struggles of women, stu­ • prove racism is intrinsic to capitalism and that dents, and oppressed nationalities are assessed. a socialist revolution is needed to sweep away all Finally, the documents discuss the incapacity of institutions of racist oppression and economic ex­ the Stalinists and Social Democrats to provide rev­ ploitation. olutionary leadership and assess the progress being 208 pp., $1.95 (reg. $2.45) made by the Fourth International in the necessary work of building revolutionary parties. 192 pp., Available from the bookstores listed in the Socialist $1.80 (reg. $2.25) Directory on the facing page or by mail from: Path­ finder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. Write for a complete catalog.

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THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 8, 1974 27 THE MILITANT

Vote 'Yes' on Question 7 Abolish racist school committee in Boston! By SUSAN LAMONT and Bivins in a statement released BOSTON- Voters in Boston will have here. a chance to get rid of the racist school "ROAR and the other racists have committee in next Tuesday's elections made quite clear that they want to by voting "Yes" on Question 7. preserve the school committee at all If this referendum passes, the school costs. They know that the loss of this committee will be abolished and re­ organizing center would be a setback placed by a system under the direct for their efforts to maintain white priv­ control of the mayor, with local pa­ lege in the Boston schools. It is for rent-student-teacher advisory councils exactly this reason that we urge a drawn from the middle (junior high) 'Yes' vote on Question 7. and high schools. "Abolition of the racist school com­ In recent weeks, the racist antibusing mittee would be an incentive for all ·forces have turned their attention to supporters of the rights of Black youth trying to preserve the school commit­ to step up the struggle for complete tee by defeating Question 7. The cen­ desegregation of the Boston schools tral antibusing group, ROAR (Restore and for the right of the Black commu­ Our Alienated Rights), has made nity to control all aspects of the edu­ Question 7 a main theme of their ral­ cation of Black students." lies. They have distributed thousands of posters and buttons urging, "Save The hidebound school committee, Our Schools- Vote 'No' on #7." composed of five members who are In the Black community and among elected on a city-wide basis every two supporters of the Black community's years, is an all-white body that has virtually unrestricted control of Bos­ ton's educational system. First estab­ Baxter Smith and Fred Halstead lished in 1906, this committee has Racist school committee has led opposition to school desegregation in Boston are on the scene in Boston to never had a Black or Puerto Rican provide Militant readers with member. It is viewed by local Demo­ cratic Party machine politicians as a comprehensive coverage of the ing down the Racial Imbalance Law. stressed by speakers at the antiracist stepping stone to higher office and a developments there. For their These legal fights were coupled with demonstration here initiated by the vehicle for dispensing graft and pa­ a campaign of racist antibusing dem­ legislative Black Caucus on Oct. 13. stories and other Boston news, tronage. onstrations that finally succeeded in It has also been a focus of the Black see pages 20-22. For the past nine years, the school winning repeal of the Racial Imbal­ Educational Congress, a series of committee has devoted a large part of ance Law in the state legislature this meetings of Black parents and stu­ right to desegregated schools, senti­ its energies and resources to fighting year. dents held in the schools in the Black ment is high for a "Yes" vote. against school desegregation. When But it was too late. The Racial Im­ community in recent weeks. According to Gloria Joyner of the the Massachusetts Racial Imbalance balance Law was superseded by Fed­ While vigorously campaigning for Committee for Question 7, "Virtually Law was first passed in 1965, school eral Judge Arthur Garrity's decision a "Yes" vote on Question 7, the so­ the entire Black community is sup­ committee members such as Louise ordering that Boston schools be de­ cialist candidates point to the limita­ porting passage of Question 7, and Day Hicks, currently a city council segregated. tions of the plan. The school commit­ there is growing support from whites." member, vowed that they would never Those favoring a victory for Ques­ tee would be replaced by direct control The Socialist Workers Party candi­ allow "forced busing" to come to Bos­ tion 7 point to Garrity's documentL­ of the schools by the mayor with the dates for governor and lieutenant gov­ ton. tion of the school committee's respon­ community councils having only lim­ ernor of Massachusetts, Donald Gure­ They refused to implement the Ra­ sibility for segregation. ited formal powers, mostly in an ad­ witz and Ollie Bivins, are campaign­ cial Imbalance Law, which made it Garrity's ruling said that the school visory capacity. ing for a "Yes" vote. illegal for a public school to be more committee "knowingly carried out a In their statement, Gurewitz and · "A victory for Question 7 would be than 50 percent nonwhite. The school systematic program of segregation Bivins pointed out, "The new plan a blow to the racist resistance to committee spent tens of thousands of affecting all of the city's students, will clearly not mean the kind of gen­ school desegregation," said Gurewitz dollars in court battles aimed at strik- teachers, and school facilities and ... uine Black control of the education intentionally brought about and mam­ of Black youth that is necessary to tained a dual school system." overcome decades of discrimination Since the federal court order was and second-rate education that has handed down, the school committee been forced on Black students in the has continued to fight to maintain Boston schools. segregation in the Boston schools. "Nonetheless, the abolition of the Members of the school committee have current school committee and its re­ used their offices and resources to help placement by the new system- as lim­ mobilize the current racist offensive ited as the powers of the community against the rights of Boston's Black councils may be- would be a setback community. for the powerful racist mobilization. Working hand in glove with the all­ Question 7 deserves a 'Yes' vote for white Democratic city council, the just that reason." school committee sanctions the illegal While the socialist candidates have boycott of schools by white students. made support for the Black com­ Its members help organize and speak munity's struggle for desegregated at the racist demonstrations and public schools the central issue in their motorcades, and encourage the intim­ campaign, their Democratic and Re­ idation of Black students in the publican opponents are refusing to dis­ Militant/Betsy Waldheim Militant/Joanna Rohrbaugh schools. cuss the "busing issue." Donald Gurewitz (left) and Ollie Bivins, Socialist Workers Party candidates for gov­ The importance of the fight to get rid Democratic gubernatorial candidate ernor and lieutenant governor of Massachusetts. of the Boston school committee was Continued on page 26

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