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The Government Information Landscape and Libraries IFLA Professional Report No.137 The Government Information Landscape and Libraries Edited by: Kay Cassell, James Church and Kathryn Tallman, with editorial assistance from Carol Church Cover Photo: Portion of the Government Documents collection held in the Reading Room at the Main Library. Photo taken on 9 September 2014 by CECrane. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). University of Illinois. Kay Cassell, Nera Kimar, Clive Tsuma, Susan Paterson, Mohammad Zuheir Bakleh, Lize Denner, Anna Mastora, Maria Koloniari, Maria Monopoli, James Church, Jungwon Yang, Anastasia A. Drozdova, Hannah Chandler, Jennie Grimshaw, Kian Flynn, Cass Hartnett, Maya Swanes, Robert Loprest, Kathryn Tallman, United Nations Cybersecurity Section, & World Bank Group ITS Office of Information Security, 2021. The Government Information Landscape and Libraries/ Edited by Kay Cassell, James Church and Kathyrn Tallman, with editorial assistance from Carol Church The Hague, IFLA Headquarters, 2021. – 161 p. (IFLA Professional Reports: 137) ISBN 978-90-77897-75-1 ISSN 0168-1931 © 2021 by IFLA. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. To view a copy of this license visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 IFLA P.O. Box 95312 2509 CH Den Haag Netherlands www.ifla.org 1 Introduction 3 Dr. Kay Cassell, School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University Complexity of the Government Information Landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa 7 Nerisa Kamar, Information Africa Organization, Kenya, & Dr. Clive Tsuma, California State University Maritime Academy, USA The Government Information Landscape in Canada 27 Susan Paterson, University of British Columbia Library The Government Information Landscape in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: Challenges and Recommendations 48 Mohammad Zuheir Bakleh, Library, United Nations Economic & Social Commission for Western Asia; & Lize Denner, Statistics, Information Society and Technology Cluster, United Nations Economic & Social Commission for Western Asia The Government Information Landscape in Greece 64 Anna Mastora, National Library of Greece; Maria Koloniari, Economic Research and Documentation Unit of the Hellenic Competition Commission; & Maria Monopoli, Economic Analysis and Research Department of the Bank of Greece The International Governmental Organization Information Landscape 83 James Church, University of California Berkeley Libraries Korean Government Publications: Publishing, Preservation and Access Policies 100 Jungwon Yang, University of Michigan Library Government Information and Official Publications in the Russian Federation 110 Anastasia A. Drozdova, International Affairs Department, Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library Government Information and Official Publications in the United Kingdom 116 Hannah Chandler, Bodleian Libraries Oxford, & Jennie Grimshaw, British Library, with thanks to Fiona Laing, National Library of Scotland Government Information in the United States 129 Kian Flynn & Cass Hartnett, University of Washington Libraries; Maya Swanes, Gallagher Law Library, & Robert Lopresti, Western Washington University Library Postscript: International Organizations and Cybersecurity 152 United Nations Cybersecurity Section, Office of Information and Communications Technology (OICT) Conclusion 158 Kathryn Tallman, University Libraries, University of Colorado Boulder 2 Introduction Dr. Kay Cassell, School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University The purpose of this IFLA Professional Report is to demonstrate the inherent complexity of the government information ecosystem and the need to maintain expertise in libraries to assist users. Government information is here defined as any information issued by an organization considered to be an official body, and available to a public wider than that body, which is adapted from the definition of “official publication” issued by IFLA/Government Information and Official Publications Section (GIOPS) in 1982 (Johansson, 1982) to be relevant in the world of digital government information. A “government publication” (or official publication) as codified by many countries refers to “lawfully published materials by the executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government at all levels at the government expense” (Kamar & Tsuma, 2021) and is also used throughout the report. Government information may be presented in one of several formats, including print, microform, and digital. This report provides a summary of the government information landscape for selected countries and regions worldwide—the United Kingdom, Canada, Greece, the Russian Federation, Korea, the United States, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East and North Africa. It also includes an overview of information from International Governmental Organizations and a special postscript on cybersecurity. For each country or region, information is provided about government publishing practices, depositories, the legislature, access to information, government libraries, preservation practices, and digitization. Many think that it is easy to find government information. This publication makes the point that it is not easy to do so, and many complexities and challenges exist for users worldwide. Government information professionals are needed to assist users in finding the information they need and to advocate for more access for all. Nerisa Kamar and Dr. Clive Tsuma contribute an overview of access to government information in Sub-Saharan African countries, which include Kenya, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, South Africa, Nigeria, and Uganda. They have provided examples of the legislation that has been passed to provide their citizens with access to information, including such initiatives as the Open Data Initiative in Kenya. There are still many challenges to access. But much progress has been made with the establishment of legal depositories, such as in South Africa; e-government programs, such as the Huduma Centers in Kenya; collection and access to statistical information and long-term preservation strategies, such as in South Africa; and the establishment of government libraries. For many, there are still limited outlets to access government information and no way for citizens to get responses to their queries. Work by information professionals has also provided more access to government information. Eleven countries are part of the Association of Parliamentary Libraries of Eastern and Southern Africa, and many countries have country-wide library associations. Susan Paterson discusses the many issues concerning Canadian government documents. Canada’s depository library system began in 1927 at the urging of the Canadian Library Association. This system provided free distribution of government documents. In 2014, the 3 printing of government documents ended. By this time, most government documents were available online. The Depository Services Program (DSP) became the DSP E-collection. Many publications are not included because of strict guidelines for acceptance. Canada has had a legal depository program since 1953, and two copies of each publication must be deposited at the National Library of Canada, including digital publications. All Canadian Parliamentary records from 1867 to date are available. Research publications from the Library of Parliament assist in finding needed information. Many government publications are available on the Open Government Portal. Mohammed Zuheir Bakleh and Lize Denner focus on government libraries in the Middle East and North Africa. They provide us with details about the types of government libraries in these regions, which include legislative libraries, judicial libraries, and executive libraries (such as the libraries of ministries and departments of government) and the services they provide. These services include document delivery, research assistance, and current events awareness. These libraries lack adequate budgets, staff, and technology. Collections are weak because of the lack of acquisitions plans, as well as a lack of Arabic tools for doing research. The authors point out that there is a lack of understanding of the value of libraries in many Middle Eastern and North African countries and suggest that libraries need to work cooperatively through their library associations to strengthen their role. Library associations can offer a venue to discuss current issues and offer support to each other. There is also a need for increased training of librarians. Anna Mastora, Maria Koloniari, and Maria Monopoli write about the status of Greek government publications, services, and access. Access to information is a right described in the Greek Constitution. Depository libraries have been designated as the National Library of Greece, the Library of the Hellenic Parliament, the General State Archives, and the National Center for Audiovisual Media and Communication. In 2010, Diavgeia was established, requiring government institutions to upload their acts and decisions on the Internet immediately after being formally signed. In 2014, a new transparency portal was established with more powerful searching capability to strengthen Diavgeia. Two e-services have been established: the Citizens Service Center, introduced in 2002, which provides a wide variety of services, such as registrations for births and marriages and applications for unemployment and drivers’ licenses, and the Portal ERMIS, which informs citizens about potential transactions with public administration. James Church addresses the
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