Final Exam Study Guide

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If you can identify and explain the following terms and concepts, you will be in fantastic shape for the final exam! General knowledge of Greek literature and literacy Literature vs. writing - what is the difference; what and when was the earliest actual literature Importance of a literate Greek public and education – who could read Oral vs. written work Preservation of Greek literature – on what is Greek literature preserved, how much is preserved, who was involved in its preservation (role of Romans, role of library of Alexandria and which authors were associated with it), problems its limited preservation causes for classicists The major genres of literature Which genres were prose and which were poetry Which authors wrote in each genre General characteristics of each genre and progression from one to the next when applicable The major authors of Greek literature What are they known for writing? What are some aspects of their style? Generally when did they write (e.g. Archaic period vs. Hellenistic – not actual dates) Characteristics of groups of authors (e.g. female authors – who and what did they write, Homeric hymns, historians vs. chroniclers, Milesian philosophers, Pre-Socratic philosophers, etc.) Terminology: Poetic: What do these basic terms mean and to what type of literature do they pertain? dialect, meter, iambics, elegaics, invective, foot, lyric, choral lyric, monody, dithyramb, satyr play, rhapsode, Homeric Hymns, inherited conglomerate (aka The Blob), Epic Cycle, agon, arête, nemesis, hubris, subtext, foil, protagonist, antagonist, bucolic, metaphor, simile, dactylic hexameter, epigrams, poetry, prose, subject, theme, onomatopoeia Philosophical and Rhetorical: What do these basic terms mean and to whose work do they pertain? arche, relativism, sophistry and Sophistic Method, cosmology vs. cosmetology, Socratic method, forms, logography, rhetoric vs. oratory, conscious vs. unconscious oratory, Epicureanism, Stoicism, Cynicism, Skepticism, Eclecticism, tripartite soul, dialectic, empiricism, rationalism Greek Drama – context, setting, development, structure, actors, costuming, characteristics of the major playwrights, Old Comedy vs. New Comedy (you will not be tested on the parts of the Greek theater) Ionian Enlightenment – what was it and why was it important Math and science writing (medical writing) – what were they and why were they important .

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The Ancient Greeks
The Ancient Greeks WHO ARE THE ANCIENT GREEKS? DEMOCRACY/SLAVERY Demos = power, Kratos = people. The word “democracy” translates to “power of the people.” Athens incorporated the first democratic government. Every citizen could have a say in the actions of the government, so long as they were a male over 18 with parents who were citizens. You could not be a woman, foreigner, or slave. For a society that promoted democracy for all, Ancient Greece was inconsistent that it had a slavery class. Every household that could afford it used slaves to help with chores. Slaves were also used in factories and mines, as well as on farms and ships. These hard labor slaves had a much shorter lifespan than household slaves. THE ROLE OF WOMEN In Ancient Greek, women ran their households. If they were part of the middle or high classes, they also supervised any domestic slaves. In general, the women of Ancient Greece did not have any power or voice. They were not formally educated. Parents arranged their daughters’ marriages. They would be allowed out of the house only to attend funerals or religious festivals, unless they had special permission. Sparta provided women with an exception to this rule. Spartan women were expected to own land, to be physically fit, and to be educated. This quote tells you all you need to know about Spartan women. When going to war, Spartan mothers told their sons, “Either come back victorious, or dead on your shield.” WAR/CULTURE There were many contrasts within Ancient Greece society. This was an era known for war.
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