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Home , Luqman, Luqman (sūrah)

(2019), 1 (2): 53-59

A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF

Munawwir Hadiwijaya IKIP Budi Utomo Malang [email protected]

Abstract in Islam has role as the highest source which is used as basic source in formulating laws, and other regulations concerning the relation between the creature and his creator and creature with other creature. One of surah in Quran is surah Luqman, which consists of many advices of a man whose name is Luqman. It is so special because there is educational aspect which can be learned from this surah, Luqman in delivering his advices is not by the way of saying in a harsh manner, but by the way of full of affection, in which it is shown in his hearty calling to his son. The hearty calling to his son done by Luqman is symbolized by the word bunayya (my son) which describes about the cute of his son, and it shows affection given by Luqman to his son through calling. From the preceding description, it can be concluded that in educating be desirable that must be based on or surrounded by the affection feeling to the students.This research tends to be descriptive qualitative research since it does not deal with number at all, which describes about semantics aspects and the message involvement used in the English translation of surah Luqman done by Taqqi-ud-Din and Muhsin Khan. In addition, there are three categories of meaning can be found in this discussion, they are lexical meaning, sentential meaning, and discourse meaning, they almost can be found in every part of surah Luqman. Moreover, there are several messages involved in surah Luqman such as, they are Quran guarantee the success of people who believe in , the advisees of Luqman to his son, and the authority of God upon this universe is absolute and the impact of denial of it.

Key word: Semantics, Translation, Surah Luqman, meaning, message.

©Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris FPISH IKIP BU Malang

INTRODUCTION verse, it is explained that “Luqman” had Qur’an in Islam has role as the been given by God a widen knowledge highest source which is used as basic and wisdom and he thanked to God for source in formulating laws, and other the precious gift given. Moreover, in the regulations concerning the relation verse 13th up to 19th consist of the between the creature and his creator and advices of Luqman to his son. And the creature with other creature. Moreover, main content of his advises are about the the story in the Qur’an has particularity belief in God, laws, stories of Luqman and strength. The stories explain and the wisdom he got and the others. religious teaching and describe the Moreover, three categories which consequences for those who against are in accordance with the division of them. Those stories are not fictional, but surah Luqman, they are Qur’an they are convinced as thing that ever guarantee the success of people who occurred on the surface of earth. believe in God, the advisees of Luqman Furthermore, one of in to his son, and the authority of God upon Qur’an is surah Luqman, which consists this universe is absolute and the impact of many advices of a man whose name is of denial of it. In addition, There is Luqman. Surah Luqman consists of 34 educational aspect which can be learned verses, and it is included into makkiyah from this surah, Luqman in delivering (surah which was revealed in ). It his advices is not by the way of saying in is called “Luqman” because in the 12th a harsh manner, but by the way of full of

Available online at: http://ejurnal.budiutomomalang.ac.id/index.php/journey 53 (2019), 1 (2): 53–59 affection, in which it is shown in his hearty calling to his son. The hearty Research Instrument calling to his son done by Luqman is This research tends to be symbolized by the word bunayya (my descriptive qualitative research since it son) which describes about the cute of does not deal with number at all, that his son, and it shows affection given by describes about semantics aspects and Luqman to his son through calling. From the message involvement used in the the preceding description, we can learn English translation of surah Luqman that in educating be desirable that must done by Taqqi-ud-Din and Muhsin be based on or surrounded by the Khan. affection feeling to the students. The reason of the writer chooses Data Collection to discuss about surah Luqman because The data are collected by using the there are some specific and general following techniques that are: first, the reason. The first, the message involved researcher collects the data by reading in the surah Luqman are obviously and trying to understand the whole text important to be known by Moslems of the English translation of surah especially for those who want to become Luqman by Taq-ud-Din and Muhsin teacher like what has been described in Khan. Second, from the texts, the the previous paragraph. In addition, the elements of the stories and the way the writer tries to describe the meanings and messages involvement described messages involved by using semantics intended to be identified, then they are approach. Semantics in the philosophical analyzed while the following data and scientific study of meaning, it is the collecting for the following parts is still study of meaning of linguistics sign. done, by using semantics analysis. Those are word, expression, and sentence. Furthermore, in semantics Data Analysis meaning may be categorized into three After the data had been collected levels; they are lexical meaning, from the text of holy Quran, they were sentential meaning or utterance meaning, analyzed in the following steps: first of and discourse meaning. Therefore, by all the writer categorizes the data into using semantic approach it is expected three categories which are in accordance that the meaning in this Surah can be with the division of surah Luqman, they revealed properly to ease the reader to are Quran guarantee the success of unterstand it. The second, the people who believe in God, the advisees information of surah Luqman are various of Luqman to his son, and the authority like other several surahs information in of God upon this universe is absolute the Qur’an. and the impact of denial of it. The data of each category are presented in the RESEARCH METHOD form of tables based on division of the Research Design part, analyzed be based on three This research tends to be categories of meaning in semantic, descriptive qualitative research since it lexical meaning, sentential meaning, and does not deal with number at all, that discourse meaning, and concluded. After describes about semantics aspects and the data of the whole categories have the message involvement used in the already been presented, analyzed and English translation of surah Luqman concluded, the writer makes tentative done by Taqqi-ud-Din and Muhsin conclusion. After consulting with the Khan. Available online at: http://ejurnal.budiutomomalang.ac.id/index.php/journey 54 (2019), 1 (2): 53-59 informant, the writer makes final = "forbid" in verse 17th. In phrase "To conclusion. Me is the final destination" (verse 14th) = "To Me will be your return" (verse DISCUSSION 15th). In and 18th, the word This part discusses about the "commandments" verse 17th = "order" whole materials which have been (same verse), the word "order = "enjoin" explained in the previous part. This (verse 17th), the word "pride" = discussion is conducted to answer the "insolence", arrogant", and "boaster" (all research problem of this study, what are are in verse 18th), word 'pleasure' verse the meanings involved in the English 20th = 'delight' (in same verse), the word translation of surah Luqman by Taqi-ud- 'disbelieves' verse 23rd = word 'denies' Din and Muhsin Khan? and 'ingrate' verse 32nd, and the word There are three categories of '' verse 20th = 'All-Knower' verse meaning can be found in this discussion, 23rd = 'Al- Ghoni' verse 26th = All- they are lexical meaning, sentential Mighty = All-Wise both in the verse meaning, and discourse meaning. As it 27th = 'All-Hearer' = 'All-Seer' in the has been stated in the previous chapter verse 28th = 'The Most High' verse 30th that there are three divisions of surah = 'Lord' verse 32nd. Luqman as they are mentioned in the The second elements of lexical previous chapter, they are Quran meaning is antonymy, they can be found guarantee the success of people who in third verse "Muhsinun (good- doers)" believe in God, the advisees of Luqman and "Zalimun (wrong- doers)" in the to his son, and the authority of God upon verse 11th, the word "monotheism" this universe is absolute and the impact (verse 8th) X "" (verse 11th), of denial of it. In addition, the discussion the word "successful" (verse 5th) X concerning the use of lexical meaning "plain error" (verse 11th), are the word can be found almost in every part. "guide" (verse 3rd) X "Mislead" (verse Furthermore, the elements of 6th), the phrase "-Fire" (verse 6th) X lexical meaning found are dominated by "Gardens of delight (verse 8th), the word denotation and synonymy. Denotation "thankful" and "unthankful" (verse can be found in almost all of verses. For 12th), "forbid" X "enjoin" (verse 17th), synonymy, they can be found in many "order" X "forbid" (verse 17th), the veses, they are: the phrase "The Wise words "kind" (verse 15th) X "evil" Book" verse second which has similar (verse 17th), "good" X "bad" (verse meaning with the word "Al Qur'an" 17th), and "moderate" (verse 19th) X verse six and seven ( later on the phrase ' "arrogant (insolence, pride, boaster)" has similar meaning with' will be (verse 18th), the words "monotheism" X symbolized by '=' sign), the word "polytheism" (verse 17th), two "purchases" (verse 6th) = "perform" words "Al-Ma'ruf" and "Al-Munkar" (verse 4th) word "Lord" (verse 5th) = (verse 17th), the word 'apparent' X "Allah" (verse 6th and 11th) = phrase 'hidden' (verse 20th), the word 'dispute' "the All-Mighty" (verse 9th) = "the All- (verse 20th) X 'follow' (verse 21st), the Wise" (verse 9th), phrase "Gardens of word 'truth' X 'falsehood' (verse 30th), Delight" (verse 8th) = word "heavens" the word 'keeping' and 'avoiding' (in (verse 10th), and the word "path" = verse 32nd), the word 'the day' X 'the "way" both of them can be found in the night' (verse 29th), and the word 'heaven' sixth verse. In verse 12th we can find X ‘earth' (verse 25th and 26th). word "bestowed" = "give" in the same Connotation is divided into three verse. The word "enjoined" (verse 14th) categories, positive, neutral, and Available online at: http://ejurnal.budiutomomalang.ac.id/index.php/journey 55 (2019), 1 (2): 53–59 negative connotation. Positive the surah Luqman. Analytic sentence can connotation can be found in words and be found in the verse third and fourth. In phrases such as ‘Muhsinun’ (good-doer) addition, synthetic sentence cases found (verse second), Gardens of Delight are in verse 10th verse 14th, and verse (, place which is full with 34th. enjoyment promised by God for those Moreover, in this discussion the who perform good deeds) (verse 8th), al- elements of sentential meaning found are ma’ruf (everything which is good) (verse dominated by presupposition, 17th), Muhsin (people who perform presupposition almost can be found in good deeds totally for Allah sake the whole of the text especially in the without any show off or to gain praise) case of reference, such as the pronouns (verse 22nd). The negative connotation 'He' (verse 9th and 10th), 'We' (verse is found in the words and phrases such 10th), 'Me' and 'Him' (verse 11th), ‘Me’ as humiliating torment (verse 6th), (verse 14th, verse 15th and 12th), 'His Zalimun (wrong- doers and those who Graces' (verse 20th), 'To Us' and 'We' does not believe in the Oneness of God) (verse 23rd and verse 24th), 'He' and (verse 11th), Zulm (wrong)(verse 13th), 'Him' (verse 30th), 'His signs' (verse Al-munkar (all that is evil and bad) 31st), 'Him', 'He', and 'Our signs' stated (verse 17th), pride, insolence, arrogant, in different sentences but in the same boaster (verse 18th), torment of fire verse,(verse 32nd), and 'Him' (verse (verse 21st), a great torment (verse 34th), all of the words mentioned has 24th), () (verse 21st), Al- one reference namely God. ". In addition bathil (falsehood, Satan and all other the reader will have assumption false deities) (verse 30th), and perfidious automatically that those words refer to ingrate (verse 32nd). God since there is a sign which shows it, In addition, hyponymy can be the indication which shows the capital found in the (verse 11th and verse 10th). letter in the fist letter. In addition, the The words and phrases such as case of truth condition can be found in "heavens", "the earth firm mountains", verse 10th. "creatures of all kinds", "rain", and Furthermore, all of the sentences "plaints" (all of them are in the verse in Surah Luqman have fulfilled the 10th) are hyponyms of the super ordinate requirement of grammaticality, "creation of Allah" (verse 11th), the acceptability, and meaningfulness. words such as "insolence", "pride", The third meaning of semantics "boaster", and "arrogant" (verse 18th) found is discourse meaning, based on the are hyponyms of the super ordinate the two main elements of discourse words "evil and bad" (verse 17th). meaning, cohesion and coherence, The last element of lexical meaning can discussion is done. However, all of the be found is ambiguity, for instance the results found are concerned cohesion and word "heavens" (verse 10th, verse 25th, its elements. The occurrence of and verse 26th). coherence is not detected at all since the The second meaning can be data analyzed is in the form of text not found is sentential meaning. In addition, utterance. The presence of elements of almost all of sentences stated in the discourse meaning, cohesion, can be surah Luqman are categorized into found in the word 'those', 'they', and sentence, except verse first, second, 'their' (verse 4th) which refer to the word third, fourth, fifth, and eighth. Muhsinun (verse 3rd), 'such a one', 'he', Furthermore, the discussions of analytic 'his' (verse 7th ) and 'those' (verse 8th) and synthetic sentence are also found in refer to 'mankind' (Verse 6th), the word Available online at: http://ejurnal.budiutomomalang.ac.id/index.php/journey 56 (2019), 1 (2): 53-59

'them' refer to 'Our Verses' (verse 8th), best guidance in gaining goodness and 'them' (verse 8th) refers to 'mankind who avoiding badness and it is guidance in believe (in Islamic monotheism) and do the past, present and future for righteous good deeds' (verse 8th), and Muhsinun, those people who are given the words 'He' (verse 9th), 'He' (verse by God successful and able to gain 10th), 'We' (verse 10th), and 'Me' and whatever they desire and those people 'Him' (verse 11th) refer to 'Allah' (verse who also are given high position beside 9th), the words 'his mother', pronoun God. 'him', his weaning', and 'your parents' The second part consists of the (verse 14th) refer to the word 'man' advices of a man whose name Luqman (verse 13th), the pronouns 'they' and who is bestowed upon him Al-Hikmah 'them' (verse 15th) refer to the word (wisdom and religious understanding) to 'parents' (verse 14th), the word 'these' his son, in which the main content of his (verse 17th )refers to three points stated advises, focused on several aspects such in the previous sentence, 'them' and 'they' as belief in God, laws, stories of Luqman (verse 21st) refer to the word 'mankind' and the wisdom he got and the others. (verse 20th), 'them' and 'they' (verse Moreover, There is educational aspect 23rd), 'them' (verse 24th), 'them' and which can be learned from this surah, 'they' (verse 25th) all refer to the phrase Luqman in delivering his advices is not 'whoever disbelieves' ( verse 23rd),and by the way of saying in a harsh manner, pronoun 'they', 'their', and 'them' (verse but by the way of full of affection, in 31st) all refer to the phrase 'every which it is shown in his hearty calling to patient, grateful person' (verse 32nd), All his son. The hearty calling to his son of them are included into anaphora. For done by Luqman is symbolized by the the case of the other elements of word bunayya (my son) which describes discourse such as conjunction, about the cute of his son, and it shows substitution, lexical discourse can be affection given by Luqman to his son found in these following verses: verse through calling. From the preceding 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 12th, 13th, description, it can be concluded that in 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, educating be desirable that must be 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, based on or surrounded by the affection 28th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, and 34th. feeling to the students. It can be concluded that in the The third part consists of English translation of surah Luqman by messages concerning the authority of Taqqi-ud-Din and Muhsin Khan there God upon this universe is absolute and are three kinds of meaning found they the impact of denial of it. There are some are lexical meaning, sentential meaning, points involved can be learned from this and discourse meaning. Moreover in this third part, they are God has subjected study the occurrence of discourse whatever in the earth and sky which meaning and its elements are dominant becomes the signs of His Mighty only than the two other kinds of meaning. for human and perfected His Grace, in Moreover, the second research problem the other verses are explained about of this study is what are the messages imagery of the condition of mu'minun found in the English translation of surah (people who believe in Allah). He will Luqman by Taqi-ud-Din and Muhsin never give up in whatever situation Khan? because he has grasped the most The grand message of the first trustworthy hand-hold, and eventually part is Qur'an guarantees the success of the last verse explains about the people who believe in God. Quran is the Available online at: http://ejurnal.budiutomomalang.ac.id/index.php/journey 57 (2019), 1 (2): 53–59 knowledge of God concerning the End The second part consists of the of Day (Armageddon). advices of a man whose name Luqman who is bestowed upon him Al-Hikmah CONCLUSION (wisdom and religious understanding) to 1. Lexical meaning; The elements his son, in which the main content of his of lexical meaning found in surah advises, focused on several aspects such Luqman are denotation, as belief in God, laws, stories of Luqman synonymy, antonimy, and the wisdom he got and the others. connotation, ambiguity, and The third part consists of hyponymy. In addition, from all messages concerning the authority of of lexical meaning found in surah God upon this universe is absolute and Luqman, they are dominated by the impact of denial of it. denotation and synonymy. 2. Sentential meaning; here are the REFERENCE elements of sentential meaning Ahmadin, Dimjati. 2002. 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