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The Cellar and Gloriette

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The Cellar and Gloriette Irene Kightley : Diploma in Applied Permaculture Design Portfolio : Gloriette and cellar : 1 of 17 pages The Cellar and Gloriette This gloriette is perched on the south sloping margins between our house, an open area to the west between the house and the trees and shrubs which protect it and the terrace from the prevailing wind, the goat shed and the entrance to the potager and a small wood. It is covered by climbing plants and surrounded by shrubs and flowers. It offers a vantage point where we can see into the goat shed and down to the second terrace where our poultry spend a lot of time under the trees. The view over the garden is spectacular and the gloriette, under its shady cover of climbing plants, gives me an ideal space to work when I'm sorting wool, plaiting onions or doing other outside chores. No matter what the weather or the season, I love looking at it. It's beautiful and gives me so much joy. It provide us with space for extra seating when we have groups visiting and is a lovely place to have breakfast. When people remark on how pretty it is, I sometimes use the gloriette and the thinking process behind its conception and construction as an example to explain how “Permaculture” Irene Kightley : Diploma in Applied Permaculture Design Portfolio : Gloriette and cellar : 2 of 17 pages isn't just mulching a garden or making a herb spiral but a way of creating sustainable, functional designs using a design process and a collection of principles which can be applied, in a very practical way, to almost any aspect of life. Introduction The gloriette came about as a result of a solution to a problem we had with a cellar we built which, because of the extreme slope of our land at the back of our house and the erosion of the sandy soil in that area plus the erosion of the soil covering the cellar, was too hot in summer to do its job. Thinking about it now, the gloriette is an obvious extension to the cellar and I can't imagine it not being there but when we built the cellar, our priorities were purely practical as we really needed somewhere quickly to store our food. Each year we make as many preserves as possible from our garden – pots of jam, concentrated tomatoes, ratatouille, mushrooms, stews and curries, pickles, chutneys and different types of Sauerkraut. We make elderberry flower “champagne”, dandelion wine and cordials. Using our eau de vie made by a neighbour, we make crème de cassis and lots of different types of aperitifs. We conserve fruit, plums, mirabelles and cherries in alcohol for an after dinner treat. Living in the countryside, with a large garden, acres of good foraging land around us, a lot of poultry and a flock of sheep we're very fortunate to be almost self-sufficient in food. We buy dried foods like rice, pasta, chocolate, flour and our cleaning materials and milk from a little organic cooperative we've organised with friends in the village. We rarely need to go shopping but like anyone else we don't always want to spend hours cooking every day and conserves are our equivalent to “fast food”. We need to have plenty of stores for the winter when the vegetables we grow in the garden are lovely but limited. When you've been working all morning or guests turn up unexpectedly, it's nice to be able to make a meal in minutes – just a few slices of the ham from our pigs and some pickle makes a nice lunch with some crusty home-baked bread or a dinner of Irene Kightley : Diploma in Applied Permaculture Design Portfolio : Gloriette and cellar : 3 of 17 pages lasagne made with last year's aubergines and tomatoes. We needed a large cellar close to our new house to store all of our preserves safely, a dark place with an even temperature and enough room to walk around with a light to check on things regularly. As a management consultant, used to tackling system problems and planning projects. I was attracted to Permaculture because of its ethical framework and the tools it could offer to create, develop and improve human systems. After deciding to leave the commercial world behind and begin a life of full-time farming, I still tend to apply everything I've learned, (And I know works.) to the design of almost any project that I am involved in. This ingrained behaviour really annoys my husband. He just wants to get on with it, get his chainsaw out and start building. Instead, he's faced with a wife who insists that we sit down and define our objectives, plan what we intend to do then plan how we're going to do it. I'm never satisfied until I know and everyone else knows what is going on. As the job is progressing, I bother him with “meetings” to discuss the progress, discuss making tweaks in the design and even when we're opening a good bottle of beer to celebrate when the work's finished, I'm still talking about how we could have done it better. That must be so infuriating but to me it's pure Permaculture. What's the point of spending time, enthusiasm, energy and materials to make something which just “Does the job”. Why not make something which does “Lots of jobs” and make it properly and make it beautiful ? Irene Kightley : Diploma in Applied Permaculture Design Portfolio : Gloriette and cellar : 4 of 17 pages The Design and construction of the cellar One of the most commonly used design process in Permaculture is the mnemonic 'OBREDIM'. According to Anita Mckeown, a researcher in local food cultures and bio-cultural diversity : “The OBREDIM design mnemonic facilitates an immersive mapping process embedded within an artists practice and is presented as a tactical approach to problem finding and solving within an open- ended generative process.” So, our objective was “To create a large cellar close to the house to store all of our preserves safely, a dark place with an even temperature and enough room to walk around with a light to check on things regularly.”, we used OBREDIM to plan how that objective could be achieved. O = Observation We began with a site which was a little wood, near the top of a hill. To build the base for our house and the space around it, our plan was to remove as few of the existing trees as possible. While we were waiting for planning permission to build our house, we had plenty of time to wander round the site placement, deciding how and where to terrace the sloping land behind it to incorporate a system of swales to retain water and to organise steps and paths down to the garden. The soil to the west in the wood was full of river stones and extremely dry and sandy – probably because the trees which were mostly chestnut had been pollarded regularly to provide firewood and building materials and they had taken what they could from the soil which was impoverished. Many of them had signs of suffering from Bleeding Canker. To the north and east, the soil is very heavy clay. Our house would straddle those two types of soil so it needed good deep foundations. For the foundations for the house, we hired a digger to push the earth southwards, flattening an area sufficiently large to accommodate the house, its entrances and have space for a terrace, lean-to greenhouse and cellar on the south side and provide enough space for the surrounding plants we intended to use as a windbreak from the prevailing west wind. The excess earth from the holes for the foundation could be used for terraced planting but would be full of roots from the trees we had to move from the site and there was a risk that the ground would not be stable or suitable for plants unless we were very careful to fill between and around the roots with stones and earth. Irene Kightley : Diploma in Applied Permaculture Design Portfolio : Gloriette and cellar : 5 of 17 pages As diggers are not the most delicate of tools we thought of filing in by hand between rainy periods but as we had so much to do at that point, we decided that we would just have to wait for several seasons for the earth to sink naturally before we began planting. We have not yet completed this part of the garden because of changes in the planning laws in France which will now allow us to use a grey-water system. We also decided to leave some young deciduous trees to develop to maturity to provide the south side of our home with shade in the summer. Now, several years later, this tree does the job of providing shade and is a beautiful feature and in springtime it's full of nesting birds. B = Boundaries The boundaries of this area were the (As yet unbuilt.) terrace to the north. It was vital to leave enough access between the back of the terrace and the cellar for a tractor and digger which we'd use when we were building the terrace. This would also leave enough space for groups of people walking around the house and space for extra seating in the shade as we intended to use the raised terrace as a place for welcoming groups and having concerts and parties.
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