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Home , Abantes, Acamas, Acamas (son of Antenor), Acamas (son of Theseus), Achaean Leaders, Agapenor

EthicalMUN III

Trojan War

Chairs: Julie Johnson and Lena Habtu

Crisis Director: Gavin Kelly EthicalMUNEthicalMUN IIIII

Dear Delegates,

We can’t wait to welcome you to EthicalMUN III and are looking forward to Theo Dassin meeting you all. We are really excited to see your hard work and creativity come to Co-Secretary General life through unique solutions and vicious war plans regarding the , but first, we wanted to tell you all a bit about ourselves. Iva Knezevic My name is Julie Johnson and I will be one of your chairs this year, in addition Co-Secretary General to serving as co-Chief of Staff of the conference. I am currently a sophomore at Fieldston, and have been doing Model UN since 7th grade. I have attended numerous CormacAlex Keswani Thorpe conferences, and had great experiences with MUN over the years. Outside of school, Co-SecretaryChief of Staff General ballet is my passion, dedicating five days a week to dance. I also love music and getting lost in a good book (as true nerds do). JulieJacob Johnson Greene My name is Lena Habtu and I am a freshman at Fieldston. I did Model UN in Chief of Staff middle school, took a break, and now I am glad to be back. Outside of MUN, I am on the school’s swim team, as well dedicating a lot of (too much) time to singing and Ryan Kelly reading. OliviaVice-Secretary Becker of We were both delegates in middle school, and can honestly say that the ChiefCommittees of Staff experiences we had and the skills we gained through Model UN were truly life changing. It is therefore our hope that all of you also have impactful experiences, gain Olivia PollackBecker valuable skills, and most importantly have fun at EthicalMUN III! ChiefVice-Secretary of Staff of This committee will be a Joint Crisis Committee, one with wide-ranging Administration implications for the entire hemisphere. However, everything after 1250 B.C.E. is our decision and creation, so we encourage you to expect the unexpected, take risks, and Halle Friedman think outside the box. Mainly, we are looking for intelligent applications of your UnderVice-Secretary Secretary of knowledge of the Trojan War, and war in general, to defeat the Trojans (the inferior GeneralOutreach of Committees room) as possible, without being totally unrealistic. The figures each of you represent have unique interests, and you will run into conflict with each other over the course of HannahLeilani ElkaslasyPlatt the conference. While you must stay faithful to your figure’s interests, you must also UnderCommunity Secretary Service be able to overcome your differences and implement successful policies together in GeneralDirector of order to emerge victorious. Communications In the Trojan War, standard parliamentary procedure for a crisis committee will be used. Due to the nature of this, there is no fixed time to discuss each topic, but the first committee session will begin with each delegate giving an opening statement, Alex Keswani followed by a major crisis. The background guide below is an excellent starting point Crisis Director for your research, but you definitely need to do more than just this. In terms of policies, we want to reiterate that EthicalMUN prohibits use of laptops during the Jacob Greene conference, so please make sure to have all of your notes printed out. We are excited Crisis Director for you to write the next chapter in the history of , and we hope you are too!

Lily Josephson See you in May! Crisis Director Don’t hesitate to email us with any questions, Julie ([email protected]) and Lena ([email protected])

Note: While by no means necessary, it may be helpful to look at summaries of The and The to see how this war originally played out. JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

Current Crisis engraved in history for all of time. The have a clear goal in mind: to recapture , slay , and Dear Warriors, Kings, Sacrifices and achieve retribution against the other Survivors, Trojans who worked to offend King . Victory can only be fully claimed if all these goals are met. You have many challenges ahead of you: morale is easily depleted in long engagements; resources and manpower must be used efficiently; and you must navigate political allegiances and feuds among your Greek comrades. The Trojans on the

Dark days have befallen the other hand fight for survival. They Mediterranean. It is around 1250 must force the Greeks of the beaches B.C.E. in northern Asia Minor, where and defend their homelands. They do Ancient Gods and mortals alike know have two great advantages: it is far blood is about to be shed. In the midst easier to defend a city than to lay of a peace negotiation, Helen, Queen siege to it, and the great wall of Troy of , has been kidnapped by the has never been breached in battle. Trojans, and a thousand ships have Unfortunately, limited resources and launched against them. This will be a communication with the outside war like no other. It will be a battle of world will be a significant detriment wills and attrition and wit and to a prolonged siege. They also face ambition. Not everyone will survive, internal strife because not all parties but your sacrifices and deeds will be believe Paris was in the right. Each !1 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III CrisisCrisis

committee will act as its respective According to the story, Paris was military’s war council. Remember: a going about his normal, everyday life, united front is always more successful when he was instantly transported to a than a divided one. Anticipate your location. In this space, the King of the enemies’ movements. Seize your Gods, , was joined by the immortality. May the best side win. goddesses: (goddess of love), (Queen of the Gods), and Historical Background (Goddess of Wisdom and Battle strategy). Zeus preceded to introduce the four of them as the The celestial beings they are, and handed a Legend has it that the story of Golden Apple to Paris, with the the Trojan War traces back to a beauty instruction to give the apple to the contest officiated by Paris. most beautiful of the three goddesses’. To increase their chances of winning the goddesses made offers of bribes to the young prince. Aphrodite made the promise of giving him the most beautiful mortal woman in the world, Athena offered wisdom and skill in battle, and Hera offered to make him the King of Europe and Asia Minor. His choice was to give the apple to the goddess of love. Later, on a trip to Sparta, from being sent by the king of Troy, Paris met the woman Aphrodite offered, !2 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

Helen of Troy. On the trip, the king of Menelaus of this, which enraged the Sparta, Menelaus, was swept off on a king, and caused him to return trip to and left the Queen alone immediately from Crete to Sparta. to entertain the Prince of Troy. During Upon returning, Menelaus called upon this time, Aphrodite made the already his brother, , King of attractive Paris irresistible, and she , for his help in retrieving his was swept off her feet by his limitless Queen, by invoking a pact made by god given charm. He offered to bring the suitors of Helen. As many kings her home to Troy, and with the charm sent a suitor to marry Helen, the of the love goddess on his side, she resulting force would include most accepted. On their trip returning, Hera kings of Greece, and some of the most sent a storm that sent them off course, famous warriors of all time including but they eventually made it home. , , and . Their Where in, King , overcome with force would be supported by a litany the beauty of Helen, made the choice of Gods and Goddesses enraged at to allow her to stay and offer his Paris, for his crimes, notably Athena protection. Soon after the happy (Goddess of Wisdom and Battle couple was wed. Paris’ bringing Helen Strategy), Hera (Queen of the Gods), to Troy would drive Menelaus, King (God of the sea), of Sparta, into a rage and it would (God of the forge and become the main causing factor for metalworking), (Messenger the resulting Trojan War. God), and (Sea , mother of Achilles). The Greek leaders would The Anger of Menelaus subsequently convene at . Here Practically immediately after Paris they made sacrifices to the Gods and and Helen set sail for Troy, the awaited signs for the upcoming messenger Goddess informed conflict. One such sacrifice featured a !3 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUNEthicalMUN II III CrisisCrisis

snake that burst into a state of fury, Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, made climbed a tree, devoured eight baby the unthinkable decision: his daughter birds and their mother, and then was to be sacrificed. He sent word to spontaneously turned to cold stone. his wife instructing her to bring her The seer , saw this to mean daughter to Aulis as quickly as that the war would last nine years and possible for the purpose of “getting result in the sack of Troy in the tenth. married to Achilles”. He changed his Other accounts include seers saying mind before her arrival and tried to that the war would end only when the send another letter which, found by Greek leaders turned on each other. Menelaus, was never sent. The brothers went on to argue and therein Agamemnon's Dilemma both change their minds. Agamemnon As the Greeks were about to decided to seek the blood of Trojans depart for Troy, the winds suddenly at the expense of his daughters, while died, stranding the strength of Greece Menelaus did not want his niece to die on the Island. Here Calchas had a to retrieve his wife. Achilles would go vision that told him that in order for on to hear about the plot and moved the winds to return and allow them to to protect , and as he was sail to Asia Minor, Agamemnon drawing his sword, Iphigenia went to would have to sacrifice his very own the altar and accepted her fate in a daughter, Iphigenia, to appease the fatal switch in desires. Soon after, the Goddess , whom he winds returned, and the Greeks set previously wronged. The soldiers sail for Troy. were struck into a frenzy with the idea of crushing Troy to the ground, and revolt became a very real possibility that scared the Greek Leaders. So, !4 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN IIIII Crisis Crisis

Prince of Troy, who has stolen her from Menelaus, King of Sparta while negotiating a peace treaty. We must reclaim her for the honor of Greece. This is a part of the greater goal of expanding mighty Greece into a regional hegemony capable of great might and bestowed with for all eternity. We have collected the

greatest warriors and leaders of our Present Situation age. All of Greece is now focused on We are presently located just of taking Troy. That being said, not all is the coast of Troy in the Mesogeios well. Many of the leaders of the , approximately thirty various factions within our army have kilometers of the shore of Troy. We grievances against each other that run have made the long and arduous deep and bitter, which could cause journey from our respective problems once combat begins. We homelands in order to accomplish our must work hard to maintain the mission. Troy is a strong nation with a cohesion of the group. We have a total defensible landscape. The sea cliffs of 411 ships, each carrying are so large they are believed to have approximately 50 men and a been crafted by Poseidon himself. approximate total of 20,550 troops, From the sea cliffs it is a long way to ready to storm the beach. The tide is the city where our target lies. The full favorable, and we should reach the mass of our armies has been collected shore as planned, but we need to into one united force ready to take ensure that we stay on path. The Troy and retrieve Helen from Paris, Trojans are expected to mount a !5 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

mighty defense, and our scouts report will have to face down the full power that they are bringing in many of the Trojan army, possibly at a place regiments of Archers ready to rain of their choosing. They are captained arrows down on our troops as they by , a mighty warrior and land ashore. In addition, the mighty master tactician in his own right, Hector, Prince of Troy and Captain of despite his youth. We will have to all their forces, has had fortifications come up with battle plans superior to made which will make our assault theirs in order to find victory. The day more difficult. To make matters even is yours to command. Make the best more difficult, he is currently bringing of it, and secure glory for Greece. in a legion of his most experienced combat veterans on horseback to meet Questions to Consider: us. We will need to find a way to land our forces on the beach, move through 1. What is your one true motive and the volley of arrows, and then take the how can you achieve it? beachhead. Once the beachhead is 2. What is the fastest way to get taken, we will have to clear and raid what your delegation wants? the outskirts of Troy and decide what 3. Do you want to make an alliance? to do with the riches that we come If so, who will your allies be? across in the various homes and 4. Who can help you get where you temples that store them. There also want to be? may be enemy forces within these 5. How much is your delegation structures, so we must proceed willing to risk? carefully. Taking the city of Troy will 6. What can you do with the not be easy. If and when we are able resources you have? to take the beachhead and clear 7. How will you take into account through the outskirts of the city, we the health issues, violence, and !6 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

political fragmentation while is impervious to all, except for at the considering your own interests back side of his ankle. On the when devising a plan? battlefield very little can rival his 8. How could the action you take be skill, but he is also know to lose his affected by arising crises? How temper and stay in his tent for weeks could your plan fall apart with at a time. Portfolio Powers: 40 new developments? Ships, and 50 men per ship. 9. How can you keep your focus on the War, while ensuring problems Menelaus, King of Sparta at home, are minimized in affect? “King of Lacedaemon (also called Sparta) and younger brother to Positions and Delegate Agamemnon, Menelaus’ wife’s abduction set the Greek campaign in Views motion. His army is renowned for their loyalty to their king, as well as Achilles, King of the strength and bravery. Menelaus’ Achilles, the demigod son of mortal loyalty to his comrades-in-arms is and the immortal Nereid only surpassed by their loyalty to him; Thetis, commands the strongest after all, they have sailed leagues fighting force allied to the Greek side, across turbulent seas to recover his the Myrmidons of , alongside treasured wife. Overwhelmed by his his best friend . His own drive to recover his wife, it was prowess in battle is well known to all Menelaus who persuaded the Greek and Trojan people. As an Agamemnon to sacrifice his daughter, infant, his mother, Thetis, dipped his Iphigenia. Clearly, the body in the river by his heel. Lacedaemonian King’s passion can Legend has it that due to this his skin sometimes sit at odds with his !7 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

reason.” Portfolio Powers: 50 ships, Odysseus, King of Ithaca is renowned 50 men per ship. as being the most intelligent and diplomatic of all the Greek Kings. He Patroclus of has physical capability in combat, but A lifelong friend of Achilles, at every twist and turn prefers to use Patroclus has long served as the his wits to outsmart his opponents. In Myrmidon King’s closest and most his arsenal lies the good graces of the trusted advisor. Well known for his goddess Athena, as she respects and wisdom and level head, the Phthian admires his thoughtful approach to also commands a sizable section of every challenge. Despite his the Myrmidon army; his advice is militaristic disadvantage, he is one of well-heeded by the . the most valuable Greek kings, and Moreover, Patroclus’ kind and gentle his smarts over others strength could demeanor makes him a common spell doom for the citizens of Troy. confident among the Greek officers Portfolio Powers: 10 Ships, 50 men and advisors. Patroclus must leverage per ship, can pray to Athena to his wide intelligence network and make meetings. quiet popularity into influence, to ensure that the keep their , King of wits even in their pursuit of glory. Son of of the Seven Against Portfolio Powers: Control over 8 of Thebes, King Diomedes is regarded Achilles’ ships and 50 men per ship. as one of the most skilled warriors in Can use them without joint the Greek ranks. Favored by Athena, approval of Achilles one time. the Argive King leads his forces with strength, intelligence, and bravery. Diomedes leads one of the largest Odysseus, King of Ithaca forces under any Achaean !8 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

commander. His bravery rivals that of glory days. Portfolio Powers: 75 Achilles, even to the point of ships, 50 men per ship. headstrong foolishness. However, his commitment to the campaign is , King of Salamis admirable; Diomedes will not rest Telamonian Ajax is known firstly for until the city has been sacked. Only his colossal statue, and secondly for through his bravery and intellect will his strength; however, his strength is the Argive King return to his beloved second-to-none. Moreover, Ajax the wife, Aegiale. Portfolio Powers: 65 Greater is known for his passionate ships, 50 men per ship quick temper and overwhelming drive for glory; he will not abandon the , King of fight until it is won, which some see Already in his older years, Nestor of as a weakness. His valor has earned Gerenia retains fame, valor, and glory him several close friends among the from his younger days as an Argonaut Achaean forces, notably his half- and incredible warrior. With the brother, , and the wise advisor assistance of his sons and Patroclus. Through the Salaminean , the Pylian King leads King’s bravery, renown, and zeal for (one of the largest Achaeans forces). glory, he is doubtless he will lead the Furthermore, his sage advice and Greek forces to victory. Portfolio endless experience makes him an Powers: 8 ships, 50 men per ship. indispensable advisor and common He has loose control over the entire confident among the Greek leaders. army. Known also for his sense of humor, Nestor’s gift lies in his powers of Ajax the Lesser, King of persuasion; even if he often tempers Son of the Argonaut and king his advice with retellings of his own of the hardy , Ajax the Lesser !9 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

cannot be judged by his epithet. renowned for his strategic prowess, Known for his boastful and arrogant Agamemnon trusts the Cretan King manner, the Locrian King makes up above all in naval matters. for his distasteful personality with his Accompanied by his close friend and prowess and ruthlessness as a warrior. nephew , Idomeneus is However, he remains hesitant to committed to upholding the Achaean commit fully to the Achaean cause; cause and ensuring the return of after all, why should the pragmatic Menelaus’ wife. But unlike some of Ajax risk his own life and men to his companions, Idomeneus will not recover a Lacedaemonians wife? let his commitment to the Greek cause Bitter from years of standing in the overcome his reason. Portfolio shadow of Telamonian Ajax, it is up Powers: 55 ships, 50 men per ship. to the King of Locris whether he will Can pray to set up meetings with use his extensive connections and Poseidon. large resources to bolster the campaign or to benefit himself. Calchas the Soothsayer Portfolio Powers: 25 Ships, 50 men Bards sing of Calchas, far and wide; per ship. Most of the Greek his abilities as seer are unmatched. resources, and domain over their Even though sits on the Trojan biggest supply line. side of the war, the oracular god has a soft spot for the Argive soothsayer, Idomeneus, King of Crete often sending him signs through bird Grandson of the legendary Cretan fight. Te Achaean forces take Calchas’ King , Idomeneus is one of the predictions to heart; his predictions most respected of the Achaean even led Agamemnon to sacrifice his commanders. Since Idomeneus is not daughter, Iphigenia. Moreover, the only favored by Poseidon but also seer’s role has necessitated the !10 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

development of countless foot soldiers. Trough his mother’s intelligence-gathering avenues, side, the Salaminean prince is a perhaps even beyond just the Greek nephew of of Troy and a forces. Calchas must decide whether cousin to Hector and Paris. Teacher's to leverage his oracular talents to loyalties will be tested in the war guide the Greeks to victory or for his ahead. Portfolio Powers: Control own personal objectives. Portfolio over 60 archers and 30 foot soldiers. Powers: Can have visions and set up meetings with all major gods, , King of only one who can create a line to see Since ousting the famous Zeus. Can also choose to send a from the Athenian throne with the loyal servant to attempt and help of godly twins Castor and intercept messages sent from Polydeuces, Menestheus has ruled trojans to each other. Athens with strength and cunning. Slightly paranoid due to shaky hold Teucer, Prince of Salamis on the crown, the King nonetheless The son of of Salamis and plays the political game better than Great Ajax’s half-brother, Teucer is by any other Achaean. As the Athenian far the best of the Greek archers. King, Menestheus naturally enjoys Unlike Ajax, Teucer is known more Athena’s favor. He sails alongside for his intelligence and moderation and Demophon (sons of than his battle prowess; he remains Theseus). If Menestheus is to keep unconvinced of the merits of the control over his men, let alone expand Greek campaign. However, the archer his power and influence, the Athenian followed his brother to Troy, king will have to reinforce his royal assuming command of the legitimacy and leverage his Salaminean archers and some of the politicking prowess to advance the !11 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN IIIII Crisis Crisis

interests of Athens as well as the , King of Achaeans. Portfolio Powers: Control Son of the great , over 80 foot soldiers, best archer in Tlepolemus has big shoes to fill. the army. While he leads a smaller force, the young king is eager to prove himself , King of the Arcadians to his fellow Achaeans. He cares little King of the mighty Arcadian tribe, for the outcome of the war, or even Agapenor leads his men to the Trojan Helen’s safe return—his eyes are coast. Known for their love of the dazzled by dreams of glory and fame. wilderness, the Arcadians are ready to Te aspiring hero’s Rhodian sailors are disembark and be on dry land once known across the Mediterranean for more. , the god of the wild, favors their skill and shrewdness, and even the Arcadian King; moreover, with his inexperience, Tlepolemus is a Agapenor is known for his hardy skilled admiral. While his fellow pragmatism and ceaseless strength. Achaeans often tire of the young Son of the Argonaut Ancaeus, man’s bombast, he is well-liked for Agapenor is no stranger to battle but his straightforward attitude and lacks the obsession with glory that cheerful demeanor. Portfolio Powers: defines some Achaeans. While he 8 ships 50 men per ship. feels no personal compulsion to fight the war to its finish, Agapenor sense Eurypylus, King of Thessaly of loyalty will ensure he and his men King Eurypylus is often overlooked remain committed as long the battle by his comrades due to his love of rages. Portfolio Powers: Control wine and women; however, his over 35 ships 50 men per ship. attitude of merriment hides a committed interior. A favorite of , the Thessalian King is !12 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN IIIII Crisis Crisis

popular amongst his men for his unbridled willingness to speak his passionate loyalty and charming mind to anyone (and everyone) has personality. In fact, Eurypylus was made Tersites both friends and instrumental in assembling the vast enemies among the Achaean forces. If Achaean forces, as he used his anything about the future is sure, it is network of friendships to convince that Tersites will never cease to do Greek kings to honor their oaths. To and say the unexpected and ensure the Greek victory he craves, unwelcome. Portfolio Powers: Can Eurypylus must balance his party- occasionally make speeches to the loving personality and his council in Troy, and can spy on the commitment to the cause. Portfolio other room with requested approval Powers: 25 ships, 50 men per ship. of Crisis. Can set up meetings with Dionysus.

Tersites the Sour , King of the Dolopes Among all the great heroes leading A lifelong friend, , and the Achaeans to Helen’s rescue, confidante of Achilles, the great Tersites sticks out like a sore thumb. charioteer Phoenix commands a Ugly, hunchbacked, and bald, he special respect amongst the Achaeans. stands apart from gallivant kings and While his forces, the mountain men of princes; moreover, his uncertain , are but one part of the ancestry leads some to believe he Myrmidon force, they are known for might lack the standing to speak at all their independence and unwavering in the assemblage of these estimable loyalty to their king. Phoenix leads figures. However, what Tersites lacks the Achaean charioteers; despite his in beauty he makes up for ten times advanced age, he is among the army’s over with intelligence and wit. His fiercest and most stalwart soldiers. !13 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

Moreover, the king’s experience has with deep pockets and countless taught him to measure his bravery connections. To keep his hold on with caution and diplomacy. His role , will need to in the famous Calydonian Hunt leverage his mind, money, and men to ensured that even the least-informed ensure a swift end to the war. Achaean knows of and reveres the Portfolio Powers: 30 ships with 50 Charioteer King. Portfolio Powers: 8 men each, most of the money ships and 50 men per ship of supporting the campaign. Can send Achilles’ forces, can only move letters into Troy and to all Trojan them once without Achilles’ joint delegates except Helen and Paris. approval Literature Cited: Elephenor, King of the “Agapenor,” Encyclopedia Mythica, Sailing from the island of Euboea, last modified April 12, 2008, accessed King Elephenor remains unconvinced April 23, 2018, https://pantheon.org/ of the benefits of this war. Although articles/a/agapenor.html. “ he brings Abante Greeks from his homeland, Elephenor is more Ajax,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, concerned with happenings at home accessed April 21, 2018, https:// than with Menelaus’ wife’s safe www.britannica.com/topic/Ajax-the- return. Since the Abante King killed Greater. his grandfather, he faces discontent, even among his own men. However, “Athena,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Elephenor brings his powerful accessed July 22, 2018, https:// personality and shrewd mind to the www.britannica.co/topic/ Achaean cause. Moreover, Euboea’s AthenaGreek-mythology. economic success provides the king !14 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUN EthicalMUN II III Crisis Crisis

“Calchas,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/ accessed April 21, 2018, https:// Athens. www.britannica.com/topic/ CalchasGreek-mythology. Evelyn De Morgan, “”, 1898, illustration, accessed July 26, “Cypria,” Livius.org, last modified 2018, http://www.demorgan.org. uk/ January 30, 2017, accessed July 26, helen-troy. 2018, http://www.livius.org/sources/ content/epic-cycle/cypria/. Felice Torelli, “The Sacrifice of Iphigenia”, illustration, accessed July “Diomedes,” Encyclopedia Mythica, 27, 2018, https://commons.wikimedia. last modified May 24, 1997, accessed org/wiki/File:Felice_Torelli_- April 21, 2018, https://pantheon.org/ _The_Sacrifice_of_ Iphigenia_- articles/d/diomedes.html. _WGA23010.jpg , “The Iliad” (800 B.C.E), Edith Hamilton, “The Heroes of the accessed April 20, 2018, http:// Trojan War,” in Mythology (New www..tufts.edu/hopper/ text? York: Back Bay Books, 1998), 256. doc=Hom.%20Il. %201&lang=original. “,” Encyclopedia Mythica, accessed October 5, 2018, https:// “Iphigenia at Aulis,” Encyclopaedia pantheon.org/articles/e/epeius2.html. Britannica, accessed July 26, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/ Eugene Vanderpool and Blake Iphigenia-at-Aulis. Ehrlich, “Athens,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed April 22, 2018, “Idomeneus,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed April 21, 2018, !15 JCC: Trojan War Greece EthicalMUNEthicalMUN II III CrisisCrisis

https://www.britannica.com/topic/ Mark Cartwright, “Trojan War,” Idomeneus. Ancient History Encyclopaedia, last modified March 22, 2018, accessed Jacques-Louis David, “The Loves of July 26, 2018, https://www. Paris and Helen”, 1788, illustration, ancient.eu/Trojan_War/. accessed July 26, 2018, https:// www.jacqueslouisdavid.org/The- “Nestor,” Te Center for Hellenic Loves-Of-ParisAnd-Helen-1788.html. Studies at Harvard University, accessed April 21, 2018, https:// James Hunter, “Calydonian Hunt,” chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/ display/ Encyclopedia Mythica, last modified 4043.4-nestor. March 3, 1997, accessed October 5, 2018, https://pantheon.org/articles/c/ “Odysseus,” in Oxford Dictionary of calydonian_hunt.html. the Classical World, ed. John Roberts (Oxford University Press, 2007), “,” Encyclopedia Mythica, accessed April 21, 2018, http:// last modified May 14, 1999, accessed www.oxfordreference.com/ view/ April 23, 2018, https://pantheon.org/ 10.1093/acref/ articles/m/ machaon.html. 9780192801463.001.0001/ acref9780192801463-e-1534. Mark Cartwright, “Hera,” Ancient History Encyclopaedia, last modified “Paris,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, September 10, 2012, accessed July accessed July 22, 2018, https:// 22, 2018, https:// www.ancient.eu/ www.britannica.com/topic/Paris- Hera/. Greek-mythology.

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Peter Paul Rubens, “The ”, 1632, illustration, accessed July 25, 2018, https:// www.nationalgallery.org.uk/ paintings/peter-paul-rubens-the- judgement-of-paris.

Peter T. Struck, “The Trojan War,” University of Pennsylvania Department of Classical Studies, accessed July 25, 2018, http:// www.classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/ homer/index. php?page=trojan.

Peter T. Struck, “Teucer,” Classics Dictionary of UPenn, accessed April 21, 2018, http://www. classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/tools/ dictionary.

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