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Faded Memories
Faded Memories Life and Times of a Macedonian Villager 1 The COVER PAGE is a photograph of Lerin, the main township near the villages in which many of my family ancestors lived and regularly visited. 2 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS This publication is essentially an autobiography of the life and times of my father, John Christos Vellios, Jovan Risto Numeff. It records his recollections, the faded memories, passed down over the years, about his family ancestors and the times in which they lived. My father personally knew many of the people whom he introduces to his readers and was aware of more distant ancestors from listening to the stories passed on about them over the succeeding generations. His story therefore reinforces the integrity of oral history which has been used since ancient times, by various cultures, to recall the past in the absence of written, documentary evidence. This publication honours the memory of my father’s family ancestors and more generally acknowledges the resilience of the Macedonian people, who destined to live, seemingly forever under foreign subjugation, refused to deny their heritage in the face of intense political oppression and on-going cultural discrimination. This account of life and times of a Macedonian villager would not have been possible without the support and well-wishes of members of his family and friends whose own recollections have enriched my father’s narrative. I convey my deepest gratitude for the contributions my father’s brothers, my uncles Sam, Norm and Steve and to his nephew Phillip (dec), who so enthusiastically supported the publication of my father’s story and contributed on behalf of my father’s eldest brother Tom (dec) and his family. -
The Attitude of the Communist Party of Greece and the Protection of the Greek-Yugoslav Border
Spyridon Sfetas Autonomist Movements of the Slavophones in 1944: The Attitude of the Communist Party of Greece and the Protection of the Greek-Yugoslav Border The founding of the Slavo-Macedonian Popular Liberation Front (SNOF) in Kastoria in October 1943 and in Florina the following November was a result of two factors: the general negotiations between Tito's envoy in Yugoslav and Greek Macedonia, Svetozar Vukmanovic-Tempo, the military leaders of the Greek Popular Liberation Army (ELAS), and the political leaders of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) in July and August 1943 to co-ordinate the resistance movements; and the more specific discussions between Leonidas Stringos and the political delegate of the GHQ of Yugoslav Macedonia, Cvetko Uzunovski in late August or early September 1943 near Yannitsa. The Yugoslavs’ immediate purpose in founding SNOF was to inculcate a Slavo- Macedonian national consciousness in the Slavophones of Greek Macedonia and to enlist the Slavophones of Greek Macedonia into the resistance movement in Yugoslav Macedonia; while their indirect aim was to promote Yugoslavia's views on the Macedonian Question. The KKE had recognised the Slavophones as a "SlavoMacedonian nation" since 1934, in accordance with the relevant decision by the Comintern, and since 1935 had been demanding full equality for the minorities within the Greek state; and it now acquiesced to the founding of SNOF in the belief that this would draw into the resistance those Slavophones who had been led astray by Bulgarian Fascist propaganda. However, the Central Committee of the Greek National Liberation Front (EAM) had not approved the founding of SNOF, believing that the new organisation would conduce more to the fragmentation than to the unity of the resistance forces. -
Spyridon Sfetas the Founding of the Slavo-Macedonian Popular
Spyridon Sfetas Autonomist Movements of the Slavophones in 1944: The Attitude of the Communist Party of Greece and the Protection of the Greek-Yugoslav Border The founding of the Slavo-Macedonian Popular Liberation Front (SNOF) in Kastoria in October 1943 and in Fiorina the following November was a result of two factors: the general negotiations between Tito’s envoy in Yugoslav and Greek Macedonia, Svetozar Vukma- nović-Tempo, the military leaders of the Greek Popular Liberation Army (ELAS), and the political leaders of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) in July and August 1943 to co-ordinate the resistance movements1; and the more specific discussions between Leonidas Stringos and the political delegate of the GHQ of Yugoslav Macedonia, Cvetko Uzunovski in late August or early September 1943 near Yan- nitsa12. The Yugoslavs’ immediate purpose in founding SNOF was to in culcate a Slavo-Macedonian national consciousness in the Slavophones of Greek Macedonia and to enlist the Slavophones of Greek Macedonia into the resistance movement in Yugoslav Macedonia; while their indirect aim was to promote Yugoslavia’s views on the Macedonian Question3. The KKE had recognised the Slavophones as a “Slavo- 1. See T.-A. Papapanagiotou, L ’Effort pour la création du grand quartier général balca- nique et la coopération balcanique, Juin-Septembre 1943 (unpublished postgraduate disser tation, Sorbonne, 1991); there is a copy in the library of the Institute for Balkan Studies, Thessaloniki. 2. See S. Vukmanović-Tempo, Revolucija Koja teče, vol. 3, Zagreb 1982, p. 114. In a postwar report to the Central Committee of the KKE on SNOF’s activities, Stringos had this to say about the meeting: “Abas requested that our sections work together against the Germans and that we make things a little easier for their sections that were obliged, because of the operations, to cross over into Greek territory frequently; and they also offered to help with the work among the Slavo-Macedonians, who were still being influenced by the komitadjif’. -
The Truth About Greek Occupied Macedonia
TheTruth about Greek Occupied Macedonia By Hristo Andonovski & Risto Stefov (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) The Truth about Greek Occupied Macedonia Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2017 by Hristo Andonovski & Risto Stefov e-book edition January 7, 2017 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface................................................................................................6 CHAPTER ONE – Struggle for our own School and Church .......8 1. Macedonian texts written with Greek letters .................................9 2. Educators and renaissance men from Southern Macedonia.........15 3. Kukush – Flag bearer of the educational struggle........................21 4. The movement in Meglen Region................................................33 5. Cultural enlightenment movement in Western Macedonia..........38 6. Macedonian and Bulgarian interests collide ................................41 CHAPTER TWO - Armed National Resistance ..........................47 1. The Negush Uprising ...................................................................47 2. Temporary Macedonian government ...........................................49 -
Spyridon Sfetas Autonomist Movements of the Slavophones in 1944
Spyridon Sfetas Autonomist Movements of the Slavophones in 1944: The Attitude of the Communist Party of Greece and the Protection of the Greek-Yugoslav Border The founding of the Slavo-Macedonian Popular Liberation Front (SNOF) in Kastoria in October 1943 and in Florina the following November was a result of two factors: the general negotiations between Tito's envoy in Yugoslav and Greek Macedonia, Svetozar Vukmanovic-Tempo, the military leaders of the Greek Popular Liberation Army (ELAS), and the political leaders of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) in July and August 1943 to co-ordinate the resistance movements1; and the more specific discussions between Leonidas Stringos and the political delegate of the GHQ of Yugoslav Macedonia, Cvetko Uzunovski in late August or early September 1943 near Yannitsa2. The Yugoslavs’ immediate purpose in founding SNOF was to inculcate a Slavo-Macedonian national consciousness in the Slavophones of Greek Macedonia and to enlist the Slavophones of Greek Macedonia into the resistance movement in Yugoslav Macedonia; while their indirect aim was to promote Yugoslavia's views on the Macedonian Question3. The KKE had recognised the Slavophones as a “SlavoMacedonian nation” since 1934, in accordance with the relevant decision by the Comintern, and since 1935 had been demanding full equality for the minorities within the Greek state; and it now acquiesced to the founding of SNOF in the belief that this would draw into the resistance those Slavophones who had been led astray by Bulgarian Fascist propaganda4. However, 1. See T.-A. Papapanagiotou, L’ Effort pourla creation dugland quartiergendral balcanique et la cooperation balcanique, Juin-Septembre 1943 (unpublished postgraduate dissertation, Sorbonne, 1991); there is a copy in the library of the Institute for Balkan Studies, Thessaloniki. -
The Impact of the Macedonian Question on Civil Conflict in Greece (1943 - 1949)
THE IMPACT OF THE MACEDONIAN QUESTION ON CIVIL CONFLICT IN GREECE (1943 - 1949) Hardly one single issue had such diverse and long-standing repercussions on the inception, plan- ning, conduct and perceptions of the Greek Civil War as the Macedonian question. Imbued with the legacy of 19th century conflicting national visions and inter-war destabilizing revisionist schemes, it found itself in the wartime whirlpool of revolutionary change, activating forces — and passions — that were to affect developments in three Balkan states1. An examination of the impact of the Macedonian question on the Greek Civil War can hardly be restricted to the years 1946-1949. Its ramifications in internal Greek conflicts were discernible even in the early phases of the Occupation and throughout the Resistance, continued unabated to Decem- ber 1944 and, despite the Varkiza settlement, remained active during the interlude of 1945-19462. Perceptions and realities in Macedonian affairs rarely coincide. Contemporaries suffered much by lack of dependable information on the aims and policies of adversaries and allies alike. Pre-conceived notions frequently substituted for intelligent analyses. As a result, deep-rooted fears and suspicions persisted and created a permanent sense of insecurity, which was further fanned by psychological warfare operatives, tempering with a sensitive national issue for political ends. Meanwhile, dogmatic approaches to rapidly changing situations blurred the vision of leaders and disoriented public opi- nion. In the end, actors on the Macedonian stage found themselves performing in a theater of the absurd. During the occupation, civil strife in Greek Macedonia between resistance groups was not limited to a contest for post-war political predominance. -
The Impact of the Macedonian Question on Civil Conflict in Greece (1943 - 1949)
THE IMPACT OF THE MACEDONIAN QUESTION ON CIVIL CONFLICT IN GREECE (1943 - 1949) Hardly one single issue had such diverse and long-standing repercussions on the inception, plan- ning, conduct and perceptions of the Greek Civil War as the Macedonian question. Imbued with the legacy of 19th century conflicting national visions and inter-war destabilizing revisionist schemes, it found itself in the wartime whirlpool of revolutionary change, activating forces — and passions — that were to affect developments in three Balkan states1. An examination of the impact of the Macedonian question on the Greek Civil War can hardly be restricted to the years 1946-1949. Its ramifications in internal Greek conflicts were discernible even in the early phases of the Occupation and throughout the Resistance, continued unabated to Decem- ber 1944 and, despite the Varkiza settlement, remained active during the interlude of 1945-19462. Perceptions and realities in Macedonian affairs rarely coincide. Contemporaries suffered much by lack of dependable information on the aims and policies of adversaries and allies alike. Pre-conceived notions frequently substituted for intelligent analyses. As a result, deep-rooted fears and suspicions persisted and created a permanent sense of insecurity, which was further fanned by psychological warfare operatives, tempering with a sensitive national issue for political ends. Meanwhile, dogmatic approaches to rapidly changing situations blurred the vision of leaders and disoriented public opi- nion. In the end, actors on the Macedonian stage found themselves performing in a theater of the absurd. During the occupation, civil strife in Greek Macedonia between resistance groups was not limited to a contest for post-war political predominance. -
Macedonian History at a Glance Chronology of Key Events
Timeline Macedonian History at a Glance - Chronology of key events Compiled by Risto Stefov Timeline Macedonian History at a Glance - Chronology of key events Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2016 by Risto Stefov e-book edition ****** Version 1 August 10, 2016 ****** 2 Contents -- PREHISTORY --....................................................................18 240,000 B.C. - A fossil of Homo erectus was uncovered................18 10,000 B.C. - Latest ice age retreats from the Balkans....................18 7,000 B.C. - First “tell” type settlements built.................................18 6,000 B.C. - Footsteps of human culture appear..............................18 5,500-3,500 B.C. - Neolithic settlement found ................................18 3,500 B.C. - Pelazgians traveling over Asia Minor arrive...............18 3,500-2,500 B.C. - Diminit culture in Magnesia .............................18 2,300 B.C. - Makedon son of Osiris.................................................18 2,100-1,900 B.C. - The Armenooro (Rupishta) culture appears......18 1,700 B.C. - Linear A writing finds its way.....................................18 1,600 B.C. - Migration of the Achaeans to Thessalean Phtiotida....19 1,500-1,200 B.C. - Linear B writing found its way in Crete ...........19 1,400 B.C. - Mikena is founded .......................................................19 1,300 B.C. - Makedon’s Mythical Dynasty begins..........................19 1,313 B.C. -
Pdf; Despina Angelovska, (Mis-)Representa- Tions of Transitional Justice
Südosteuropa 66 (2018), no. 4, pp. 451-480 PAUL REEF Macedonian Monument Culture Beyond ‘Skopje 2014’ Abstract. While recent studies on Macedonia have mostly focused on ‘Skopje 2014’ as a unique- ly excessive project of nation-building, this article analyses local developments in monument culture elsewhere in Macedonia. Disentangling the processes of nation-building since the Ohrid Agreement of 2001, the author distinguishes three coexisting, but competing, reper- toires of monument culture, namely a Yugoslav, a Macedonian, and an Albanian one. Each repertoire has been closely associated with ethnicity and the legitimation of ethnopolitical claims, as well as party politics and ideology. The past has continued to divide Macedonians. The author argues that these divisions in Macedonian monument culture reflect the compet- ing and diverging Albanian and Macedonian historical narratives, and amount to effectively mutually exclusive ethnic and ideological nation-building efforts in post-Ohrid Macedonia. Paul Reef is a Research Master’s student in Historical Studies at the Institute for Historical, Literary and Cultural Studies at Radboud University Nijmegen and a Research Intern for the project ‘The Invention of Bureaucracy’ at the University of Aarhus. Beyond ‘Skopje 2014’ ‘Skopje 2014’ was one of the largest urban-renewal and -construction pro- grammes in Europe since the fall of communism. It aimed at transforming Skopje from a brutalist Yugoslav city into a modern, attractive, neoclassicist capital up to European standards. The project included well over a hundred buildings, from opera halls and hotels to orthodox churches and museums. Additionally, Yugoslav-era edifices were either destroyed or refitted with -neo classical façades. -
THE UNIVERSITY of HULL Transition Stories
THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Transition Stories: Politics of Urban Living Space in Tirana City Region, Albania Being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of doctor of Philosophy in the University of Hull By Marcela Mele BSc (Hons) MSC (Geography) Tirana University December 2010 Abstract This thesis contributes to the geography of urban transition and to the expansion of knowledge of the post socialist city. Although many cities in transitional countries have inherited similar forms of housing and infrastructure provision and urban development from communist regime, there are important differences in the ways in which the recent decentralization and deregulation of urban development has impacted on, and activated, suburban land development interests and processes. There are different 'transition stories' yet to be revealed about urban development patterns, processes and politics in particular countries. A case in point is the process of suburban development in the capital city-region of Albania, Tirana, which exhibits some unique regulatory conflicts as it moves towards an ostensibly more liberal, free-market and decentralized urban development system. By focusing on the case of Tirana, this thesis provides an example of such multiple 'transition stories' of post-socialist urban development and its politics. This thesis aims to contribute to the limited literature on the politics of urban development in Albania during the transition period. It forms the context for the empirical analysis of local transition stories in Tirana city region, examined from the perspective of property rights and livelihood strategies. It concerns the underpinning role of property knowledge in shaping livelihood strategies in the post socialist city. -
Defense Reform and Conversion in Albania, Macedonia and Croatia Brief 34
BONN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CONVERSION INTERNATIONALES KONVERSIONSZENTRUM BONN brief 34 Defense Reform and Conversion in Albania, Macedonia and Croatia brief 34 Contents List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 6 About the author Acknowledgements 7 Introduction 8 Tobias Pietz Researcher, Bonn International Center Albania 10 for Conversion (BICC), Germany Defense Reform 10 Defense Conversion 15 Conclusions 20 Macedonia 23 Defense Reform 23 Defense Conversion 29 Conclusions 34 Croatia 36 Defense Reform 36 Defense Conversion 39 Conclusions 46 Overall Conclusions 47 List of Interviewed Persons 50 Annex 52 Endnotes 68 Responsible at DCAF: Marc Remillard, Program Manager for Demobilization and Retraining Editing: Elvan Isikozlu Cover: NATO photos. Macedonian soldiers patrolling along the border with Kosovo. 2 B I C C BONN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CONVERSION INTERNATIONALES KONVERSIONSZENTRUM BONN brief 34 Defense Reform and Conversion in Albania, Macedonia and Croatia Tobias Pietz with Marc Remillard B I C C 3 brief 34 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations AAA Albanian Atlantic Association AAF Albanian Armed Forces ANP Annual National Program ARM Armed Forced of Macedonia BA&H Booz, Allen and Hamilton CAF Croatian Armed Forces CARDS Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilization COSS Council for Oversight of the Security Services DP Democratic Party of Albania DPA Democratic Party of the Albanians DUI Democratic Union for Integration EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council EPD Economy and Privatization Directorate ESDP European Security and Defense Policy EU European Union ICTY International Crime Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia IOM International Organization for Migration JNA Army of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia JNSC Joint National Security Committee LEPEZA (spectra) Macedonian Resettlement Project LTDP Long Term Development Plan MAP Membership Action Plan MAPE Multinational Advisory Police Force MOPO Ministry of Public Order MPRI Military Professional Resources Inc. -
The Other Face of History
The Other Face of History By Stoian Kochov (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) The Other Face of History Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Stoian Kochov & Risto Stefov e-Book Format July 18, 2013 2 INDEX Introduction..................................................................................................5 I – The Other Face of History....................................................................13 1.0 For years the Macedonian people have been unwitting accomplices and victims of fatal ideological foreign strategies............................................13 2.0 TRUTHS AND CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THE GREEK CIVIL WAR (1945-1949).....................................................................................40 3.0 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GREEK CIVIL WAR (1946 - 1949)..........................................................................................................99 II - Chronicles (27) from the hell of war – Review of military-political Balkan historical chronicles (1940-1950)................................................123 4.0 - Yugoslav Balkan strategy................................................................123