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Actes De Colloque 9-10 Juin 2013 LA SHOAH EN EUROPE DU SUD-EST : Les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944) ACTES DE COLLOQUE 9-10 JUIN 2013 ISBN 978-2-916966-68-7 EN PARTENARIAT AVEC AVEC LE SOUTIEN DE LA SHOAH EN EUROPE DU SUD-EST : Les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944) ACTES DE COLLOQUE / 9-10 JUIN 2013 OUVRAGE PUBLIÉ SOUS LA DIRECTION DE Nadège Ragaru, Sciences Po - CERI DANS LE CADRE DES ÉDITIONS DU MÉMORIAL DE LA SHOAH DIRIGÉES PAR Jacques Fredj, directeur du Mémorial de la Shoah Cette publication a été réalisée en partenariat avec Sciences Po - CERI et avec le soutien de l’IHRA. Les textes (formats et contenus) sont publiés sous la responsabilité des auteurs. Les auteurs remercient le programme européen Grundtvig pour sa participation à la réalisation de la publication des actes du colloque La Shoah en Europe du Sud-Est : les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944). SUIVI ÉDITORIAL Iris Delaunay, chargée de publications, Mémorial de la Shoah DESIGN GRAPHIQUE [email protected] ILLUSTRATIONS DE COUVERTURE 2 1/ Question du Professeur Petko Stajnov, député, adressée au Premier minis- tre et au ministre de l’Intérieur concernant la déportation des Juifs de Thrace égéenne. Sofia, 22 mars 1943. © Central State Archives, Fonds 173K. 1 3 2/ Étoile-bouton de Bulgarie.© Mémorial de la Shoah/Coll. Musée de Skopje. 3/ Édouard (Eddy) Rosenfeld, né à Sofia. Environ 12 ans. © Famille Rosen. 4 4/ Juifs raflés en Macédoine sous occupation bulgare pour être déportés. Macédoine, mars 1943. Source : Jewish Historical Museum, Belgrade. © Ghetto Fighters’ House Museum/Israel/Photo Archive. ISBN 978-2-916966-68-7 © Mémorial de la Shoah, Paris, 2014 Mémorial de la Shoah / 17 rue Geoffroy l’Asnier / 75004 Paris / [email protected] www.memorialdelashoah.org LA SHOAH EN EUROPE DU SUD-EST : Les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944) ACTES DE COLLOQUE / 09-10 JUIN 2013 SOMMAIRE ■ REMERCIEMENTS p. 6 ■ PRÉFACE Luc Lévy p. 7 ■ INTRODUCTION Nadège Ragaru p. 9 ■ RÉSUMÉS / ABSTRACTS p. 28 ■ NOTICES BIOGRAPHIQUES p. 38 ■ KEY NOTE SPEECH Frederick Chary MY RESEARCH ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE BULGARIAN JEWS ................................................ p. 44 ■ I. PENSER LES DESTINÉES JUIVES EN BULGARIE : DE LA PERSÉCUTION ET DU « SAUVETAGE » BULGARIA, A COUNTRY DEVOID OF ANTISEMITISM? HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ..................................................................................................... p. 52 Nikolaj Poppetrov LES SPOLIATIONS DES JUIFS DE BULGARIE ET DES TERRITOIRES SOUS ADMINISTRATION BULGARE ........................................................................................... p. 64 Roumen Avramov THE MORAL TRANSFORMATION OF DIMITAR PESHEV: FROM THE BANALITY OF EVIL TO GOODNESS .......................................................................... p. 81 Gabriele Nissim A NEW VIEW OF THE BEGINNING OF ANTI-JEWISH LEGISLATION IN THE KINGDOM OF BULGARIA. INTENTION, PROGRESS, AND CONSEQUENCES ................................................... p. 92 Vladimir Paunovski ÉDITIONS DU MÉMORIAL DE LA SHOAH p. 3 / 205 LA SHOAH EN EUROPE DU SUD-EST : Les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944) ACTES DE COLLOQUE / 09-10 JUIN 2013 ■ II. L’EXTERMINATION DES JUIFS DANS LES TERRES SOUS ADMINISTRATION BULGARE : HISTOIRE ET HISTORIOGRAPHIE THE FATE OF YUGOSLAVIAN JEWRY ...................................................................................... p. 100 Walter Manoschek BULGARIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND THE DEPORTATION OF GREEK JEWS DURING WORLD WAR II ............................................................................................................ p. 111 Vasilis Ritzaleos LA DÉPORTATION DES JUIFS DES TERRITOIRES SOUS ADMINISTRATION BULGARE : SAVOIR ET MÉMOIRE EN BULGARIE ACTUELLE SUR LE MOIS DE MARS 1943 ..................... p. 120 Nadja Danova MACEDONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY ON THE HOLOCAUST IN MACEDONIA UNDER BULGARIAN OCCUPATION ................................................................ p. 131 Stefan Troebst ■ III. LES CONTROVERSES PUBLIQUES AUTOUR DE LA SHOAH DANS L’ANCIEN ET LE NOUVEAU ROYAUMES : POLITIQUES MÉMORIELLES ET CHIASME DES MÉMOIRES NATIONALISER LA SHOAH ? LES ENJEUX IDENTITAIRES DES CONTROVERSES BULGARO-MACEDONIENNES SUR L'HISTOIRE ...................................................................... p. 138 Nadège Ragaru THE "NON-SAVED JEWS": RECENT CONTROVERSIES AND POLITICAL USES IN THE BULGARIAN PUBLIC SPACE ........................................................................................ p. 162 Liljana Dejanova RESCUE IN BULGARIA AND MACEDONIA THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE FILES OF THE RIGHTEOUS AMONG THE NATIONS ............................................................................ p. 173 Irena Steinfeldt THE HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM OF MACEDONIAN JEWRY: HOW TO PRESENT THE EXPERIENCE OF MACEDONIAN JEWS TO MACEDONIANS AND THE WORLD ...................................................................................... p. 178 Michael Berenbaum ■ BIBLIOGRAPHIE p. 196 ■ TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS p. 204 ÉDITIONS DU MÉMORIAL DE LA SHOAH p. 4 / 205 LA SHOAH EN EUROPE DU SUD-EST : Les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944) ACTES DE COLLOQUE / 9-10 JUIN 2013 Illustration 1 Les territoires sous administration bulgare pendant la seconde Guerre mondiale. © Dorian Ryser, mars 2014 / DR. LA SHOAH EN EUROPE DU SUD-EST : Les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944) ACTES DE COLLOQUE / 9-10 JUIN 2013 REMERCIEMENTS Le renouveau historiographique et les débats publics sur la Shoah en Bulgarie et dans les territoires sous administration bulgare ont rencontré peu d’échos en France. On ne peut dès lors que saluer l’initiative du Mémo- rial de la Shoah et de Luc Lévy, alors responsable des relations internationales du Mémorial, de leur consacrer une conférence en marge du soixante-dixième anniversaire de la déportation de 11 343 Juifs de Macédoine du Vardar, de Thrace égéenne et de Pirot et de la non-déportation d’environ 48 000 Juifs bulgares. De ce colloque, qui s’est tenu à Paris les 9 et 10 juin 2013, ce volume collectif est issu. Ma reconnaissance va aux partenaires de la conférence, l’International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA), le CERI-Sciences Po, la Maison des combattants des ghettos (Israël), ainsi qu’au programme européen Grundtvig pour l’édition. Inaugurer une nouvelle collection, en l’occurrence une collection d’e-books, représente une responsabilité magnifiée par les enjeux de préservation de la mémoire de la Shoah à l’ère du numérique. Je remercie Jacques Fredj, directeur du Mémorial de la Shoah, d’avoir accueilli ce volume dans sa collection. Toute ma gratitude va également à Isabelle Plichon, responsable du service de communication du Mémorial qui a accordé sa confiance à ce projet, ainsi qu’à Iris Delaunay, à Valérie Salerno et à Livia Parnes, qui ont accompagné la réalisation de l’ouvrage avec une attention méticuleuse et bienveillante. J’ai eu la chance de trouver en Kathleen Luft une traductrice d’un talent et d’une délicatesse remarquables, placés au service d’un travail d’édition linguistique aussi exigeant que peu gratifiant. Mes remerciements vont aussi à Alison Burns, étudiante à Sciences Po. Sans l’amitié de Nadja Danova, Liljana Dejanova, Cécile Jouhanneau, Jaklina Naumovski et Livia Parnes, les translittérations depuis le grec, le bulgare, le serbe, le macé- donien et l’hébreu comporteraient un nombre de coquilles plus élevé. Celles qui émaillent encore la bibliographie relèvent de ma seule responsabilité. De l’illusion selon laquelle il serait possible de donner à voir l’histoire, nous sommes des otages consen- tants. Qui n’a éprouvé les pouvoirs d’attestation de la cartographie ou affronté les séductions de photographies hâtivement traitées comme de transparentes fenêtres sur le passé ? La cartographie des terres bulgares pendant la guerre doit aux talents de Dorian Ryser et à la patiente quête d’indices de Roumen Avramov, Bernard Lory, Vasilis Ritzaleos et Jordan Mantarliev. Les identifications des clichés photographiques ont bénéficié du regard érudit d’Emil Kerenji et de Jaklina Naumovski. Qu’ils en soient ici chaleureusement remerciés. Réduire le territoire de nos ignorances constituerait une tâche vaine et accablante n’était le dialogue qui se noue au fil des années avec des collègues et amis. À Liljana Dejanova, Toni Koleva et Roumen Avramov, je dois plus que je ne saurais le dire. Merci enfin à N. K. d’avoir fait naître la curiosité intellectuelle et les pérégrinations sans lesquelles ce volume n’aurait pu voir le jour. Nadège Ragaru SOMMAIRE ÉDITIONS DU MÉMORIAL DE LA SHOAH p. 6 / 205 LA SHOAH EN EUROPE DU SUD-EST : Les Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les terres sous administration bulgare (1941-1944) ACTES DE COLLOQUE / 9-10 JUIN 2013 PRÉFACE Le Mémorial de la Shoah a initié un ambitieux projet, un cycle en juin 2013 en trois volets autour de l’Europe du Sud-Est : le sort des Juifs en Bulgarie et dans les territoires sous administration bulgare, une exposition et une journée de colloque sur Thessalonique en février 2014 et au mois de mars 2014, un cycle d’événements autour de l’histoire de la Shoah en Bosnie-Herzégovine, Croatie et Serbie. Ces projets ont pu être réalisés grâce au soutien et au partenariat étroit avec l’International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IRHA), la Maison des combattants des Ghettos (Israël), le CERI-Sciences
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