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THE UNIFIER KING and the RESCUE of the JEWS from UNIFIED Bulgariapage 1 of 200
THE UNIFIER KING AND THE RESCUE OF THE JEWS FROM UNIFIED BULGARIAPage 1 of 200 THE UNIFIER KING AND THE RESCUE OF THE JEWS FROM UNIFIED BULGARIA (ON THE ROLE OF KING BORIS III OF THE BULGARIANS DURING THE YEARS OF THE HOLOCAUST) Contents: БЪЛГАРС Two statements contradicting a third one (Foreign The "it was all Hitler's fault" argument BULGARI Minister and Prime Minister vs. President) The "it wasn't our jurisdiction" argument The issue and the response of official Bulgaria The impediments to a solution STARTING Why is it to the best Bulgarian public interest to What could the Prime Minister do today? POINT FOR name the culprits? Bulgarian Civil Society as a savior THOSE WIT Is there a place for Boris among the saviors? A magic formula: "Nothing could be done in NO PREVIOU The credit that goes to Boris Bulgaria without the King's involvement" KNOWLEDG The Government's responsibility The role of Bulgaria's diplomacy today ON THE The arguments in favor of Boris Who was saving the Jews from whom? SUBJECT The "they were not Bulgarian citizens" argument What is of greater importance - the label or the policy? ↓ The real saviors ☼ Two statements "The King must have obviously shown great ingenuity in negotiating with the contradicting a third Nazi leaders to substitute the internal administrative and police measures one (Foreign Minister for the deportation. A policy act of the magnitude of the revocation of the and Prime Minister vs. deportation, which had already begun, couldn’t be done without the support of the head of state." [...] "At the same time my compatriots deployed lots of President) efforts, alas, unsuccessful, to save 11000 Jews – who were not Bulgarian citizens – from Aegean Thrace and Macedonia, where, notwithstanding the Bulgarian military presence, the highest authority were the Nazis." Excerpts from the statement of Foreign minister Solomon Passy at the OSCE conference on anti- Semitism in Vienna, 19 June 2003 "We mourn, of course, the fate of those who could not be saved. -
Industry Report Architectural and Engineering Activities; Technical Testing and Analysis 2018 BULGARIA
Industry Report Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis 2018 BULGARIA seenews.com/reports This industry report is part of your subcription access to SeeNews | seenews.com/subscription CONTENTS I. KEY INDICATORS II. INTRODUCTION III. REVENUES IV. EXPENSES V. PROFITABILITY VI. EMPLOYMENT 1 SeeNews Industry Report In 2017 there were a total of 8,898 companies operating in I. KEY INDICATORS the industry. In 2016 their number totalled 9,246. The Architectural and engineering activities; technical NUMBER OF COMPANIES IN ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING testing and analysis industry in Bulgaria was represented by ACTIVITIES; TECHNICAL TESTING AND ANALYSIS INDUSTRY BY 8,926 companies at the end of 2018, compared to 8,898 in SECTORS the previous year and 9,246 in 2016. SECTOR 2018 2017 2016 ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES AND RELATED 5,769 5,770 6,070 The industry's net profit amounted to BGN 180,501,000 in TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY 2018. ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITIES 2,346 2,323 2,355 TECHNICAL TESTING AND ANALYSIS 811 805 821 The industry's total revenue was BGN 1,532,198,000 in 2018, up by 12.14% compared to the previous year. The combined costs of the companies in the Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis III. REVENUES industry reached BGN 1,323,060,000 in 2018, up by 7.21% year-on-year. The total revenue in the industry was BGN 1,532,198,000 in 2018, BGN 1,366,322,000 in 2017 and 1,433,434,000 in 2016. The industry's total revenue makes up 1.55% to the country's Gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018, compared Total revenue to 1.42% for 2017 and 1.55% in 2016. -
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. -
During the Second World War
DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR _______________StK______________ SK MARSHALL LEE MILLER Stanford University Press STANFORD, CALIFORNIA I 975 Stanford University Press Stanford, California © 1975 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States of America is b n 0-8047-0870-3 LC 74-82778 To my grandparents Lee and Edith Rankin and Evelyn Miller Preface SOS h e p o l it ic a l history of modern Bulgaria has been greatly ne T glected by Western scholars, and the important period of the Second World War has hardly been studied at all. The main reason for this has no doubt been the difficulty of obtaining documentary material on the wartime period. Although the Communist regime of Bulgaria has published a large number of books and monographs dealing with the country’s role in the war, these works have been concerned mostly with magnifying the importance of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) and the partisan struggle. Despite this bias, useful information can be found in these works when other sources are available to provide perspective and verification. Within recent years, German, American, British, and other diplo matic and intelligence reports from the wartime years have become available, and the easing of travel restrictions in Bulgaria has facili tated research there. As recently as 1958, when the doctoral thesis of Marin V. Pundeff was presented (“Bulgaria’s Place in Axis Policy, 1936-1944”), there was very little material on the period after June 1941. It is now possible to fill in many of the important gaps in our knowledge of Bulgaria during the entire war. -
S Jews in World War II
The Rescue of Bulgaria's Jews in World War II ON FEBRUARY 13, 1998, Bulgarian President Petar Stoyanov accepted on behalf of his ex-Communist nation the Courage to Care Award, which the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) had bestowed upon Bulgaria in recognition of the heroism of its people in saving Bulgarian Jews during World War II. Speaking at a meeting of the League's National Executive Committee in Palm Beach, Florida, the ADL National Director Abraham Foxman presented this prestigious award to President Stoyanov with words of deep gratitude: "Today I am here to say thank you — thank you to a people and a nation that unanimously said 'no' to the Nazi killing machine, 'no' to the deportation trains and concentration camps, and 'yes' to its 48,000 Jews."[1] He praised the Bulgarian people who heroically saved the local Jews by preventing their deportation to Hitler's death camps, even though the Bulgarian government was allied with Nazi Germany during World War II. According to Mr. Foxman, this miraculous salvation of Bulgaria's Jewish community was made possible by the courageous leadership of Bulgarian King Boris III, "whose personal defiance of Hitler and refusal to supply troops to the Russian front or to cooperate with deportation requests set an example for his country."[2] Thanking his host for this high honor, President Stoyanov replied with some modesty, "What happened then should not be seen as a miracle. My nation did what any decent nation, human being, man or woman, would have done in those circumstances…. The events of World War II have made the Bulgarian Jews forever the closest friends of my people."[3] On March 11, 2003, Bulgaria's international image got an even bigger boost, when the U.S. -
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace, 1893-1912 By Martin Valkov Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Prof. Tolga Esmer Second Reader: Prof. Roumen Daskalov CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2010 “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection ii Abstract The current thesis narrates an important episode of the history of South Eastern Europe, namely the history of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and its demand for political autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. Far from being “ancient hatreds” the communal conflicts that emerged in Macedonia in this period were a result of the ongoing processes of nationalization among the different communities and the competing visions of their national projects. These conflicts were greatly influenced by inter-imperial rivalries on the Balkans and the combination of increasing interference of the Great European Powers and small Balkan states of the Ottoman domestic affairs. I argue that autonomy was a multidimensional concept covering various meanings white-washed later on into the clean narratives of nationalism and rebirth. -
Advancement of the Modern State Through Education: Bulgarians at Robert College 1863-1912
Advancement of the Modern State through Education: Bulgarians at Robert College 1863-1912 Paulin Draganova June 2, 2018 Draganova 2 INTRODUCTION In the struggle of Bulgaria preceding the independence and after, the education Bulgarian students received at Robert College influenced the future direction of Bulgaria as a nation-state. The opportunity that Robert College provided was unique and appealing to Bulgarian students because of the location of the college and the quality of its education. Konstantin Stoilov, Stefan Panaretov, Todor Ivanchov, and Ivan Bagarov exemplify the types of men that graduated Robert College and actively had the opportunity to impact Bulgaria through their careers. Robert College’s qualities as a college that was American and taught curriculum that was American provided the ideas of modernity to their students. Through the use of ethnic identity to group students and the promotion of Bulgarian, the vernacular language for Bulgarian students in an academic and recognized setting, Robert College fostered nationalism that strengthened Bulgaria’s political and social environment to establish an independent democratic, market- oriented, modern nation-state. ROBERT COLLEGE’S IMPACT ON BULGARIA CAME FROM SO MANY BULGARIANS ATTENDING THE COLLEGE When Robert College was founded in 1863, Bulgaria was still part of the Ottoman Empire. Bulgarian students attended it before Bulgaria had gained independence from the Ottoman Empire and in the following years when the Third Bulgarian State was established. Robert College opened in Constantinople at a time when there was no quality education being offered to the Bulgarian subjects of the Ottoman Empire. Robert College provided an education that was located close to the Bulgarian provinces, and the education was at a high level, on par with American colleges at the time. -
Вип. 50 Mykolenko DV Stefan Stambolov... Stefan Stamb
274 Вісник ХНУ: Серія: Історія ... 2015 – Вип. 50 Mykolenko D. V. Stefan Stambolov... 275 УДК 94(497.2)«1894/1895» Implementing the program the statesman used the authoritarian methods. Opposition almost suspended its operations under the pressure of the government. Stefan Stambolov and «stambolovists» in the opposition to the The parliamentary majority was created in an undemocratic ways: voters had been Government of Konstantin Stoilov (1894–1895) forced to cast their ballots for candidates from the People's Liberal «stambolovists» Party (PLP) under the influence of the police and administrative apparatus. The confrontation between the prince, who had significantly strengthened its Mykolenko D. V. position, and the Prime Minister in Bulgaria was actualized in 1893. The outcome The article investigates the activities of the famous Bulgarian statesman was predetermined by the crucial fact that the majority of the army officers had S. Stambolov and People's Liberal Party in the early years of «narodniak» government supported the monarch. This support finally facilitated Ferdinand to take advantage headed by K. Stoilov. The crisis of «stambolovists» organization during this period was of his constitutional rights and force Stambolov to resign the position of Chairman caused by the lack of finances, the death of the leader in July 1895 and the fact that a lot of the Council of Ministers. The former prime minister and regent went over to the of its members had left. They adjusted their position in accordance to the actual state’s opposition to the new government. problems and a number of other circumstances. The first «stambolovist» government operation (1887–1894) is quite extensively Key words: Stambolov, the People's Liberal Party, Bulgaria, «stambolovists», represented in historiography. -
VASE Studio Portrait of the Stoilov Family
VASE Visual Archive Southeastern Europe Permalink: https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:vase.104 Studio portrait of the Stoilov family Object: Studio portrait of the Stoilov family Description: Full length shot of a group of four people: a woman in a long urban dress is sitting on a chair and holding an infant on her lap. Next to her on a chair a boy is seated and a man in a suit is standing behind them. Painted canvas backdrop. Comment: Konstantin Stoilov (1853 - 1901) was a Bulgarian lawyer and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Religions of Bulgaria 1881 – 1883, 1886, 1896 – 1899; Minister of Justice 1886 - 1887, 1887 -1888; and Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1887 and 1894 - 1899. Konstantin Stoilov married Hristina Tapchileshtova on Studio portrait of the Stoilov family January 31, 1888, and they had five © Central State Archives children: four sons and a girl. Relations: https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:vase.103 https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:vase.105 Date: Not before 1888, Not after 1893 Location: Sofia Country: Bulgaria Type: Photograph Creator: Karastoyanov, Ivan Anastasov, (Court Studio portrait of the Stoilov family photographer) © Central State Archives Dimensions: Artefact: 165mm x 109mm Image: 143mm x 100mm Format: Cabinet Technique: Not specified Keywords: 150 Behavior Processes and Personality > 156 Social Personality 290 Clothing 560 Social Stratification 560 Social Stratification > 565 Classes 590 Familiy > 594 Nuclear Family 850 Infancy and Childhood 640 State 660 Political Behavior > 665 Political Parties 690 Justice 890 Gender Roles and Issues https://gams.uni-graz.at/vase 1 VASE Visual Archive Southeastern Europe Permalink: https://gams.uni-graz.at/o:vase.104 Copyright: Централен Държавен Архив Archive: Central State Archives, Inv. -
Investment in Bulgaria 2018 | 121
Investment in Bulgaria 2018 | 121 Investment in Bulgaria 2018 KPMG in Bulgaria kpmg.com/bg © 2018 KPMG Bulgaria EOOD, a Bulgarian limited liability company and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Investment in Bulgaria Edition 2018 Investment in Bulgaria 2018 | 3 Preface Investment in Bulgaria is one of a series of booklets published by firms within the KPMG network to provide information to those considering investing or doing business internationally. Every care has been taken to ensure that the information presented in this publication is correct and reflects the situation as of April 2018 unless otherwise stated. Its purpose is to provide general guidelines on investment and business in Bulgaria. As the economic situation is undergoing rapid change, further advice should be sought before making any specific decisions. For further information on matters discussed in this publication, please contact Gergana Mantarkova, Managing Partner. KPMG in Bulgaria Sofia Varna 45/A Bulgaria Boulevard 3 Sofia Street, floor 2 1404 Sofia 9000 Varna Bulgaria Bulgaria Tel: +359 2 96 97 300 Tel: +359 52 699 650 Fax: +359 2 96 97 878 Fax: +359 52 611 502 [email protected] kpmg.com/bg © 2018 KPMG Bulgaria EOOD, a Bulgarian limited liability company and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. -
The Ottoman Empire and European International Society: a Theoretical – Historical Analysis
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY: A THEORETICAL – HISTORICAL ANALYSIS A Ph.D. Dissertation by BEHİCE ÖZLEM GÖKAKIN Department of International Relations Bilkent University Ankara January 2010 To the Memory of Late Professor Stanford Jay Shaw (1930-2006) THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY: A THEORETICAL – HISTORICAL ANALYSIS The Institute of Economics And Social Sciences of Bilkent University By BEHİCE ÖZLEM GÖKAKIN In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA January 2010 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations. Professor Ali L. Karaosmanoğlu Dissertation Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations. Professor Meliha Altunışık Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations. Associate Professor Ersel Aydınlı Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations. Assistant Professor Nur Bilge Criss Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations. -
Doç. Dr. Yonca KÖKSAL3 ÖZET
Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (ASEAD) Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics (EJRSE) ISSN:2148-9963 www.asead.com TÜRK-BULGAR İLİŞKİLERİ VE TÜRK AZINLIK (1923-1934)1 Prof. Dr. Dilek BARLAS2 Doç. Dr. Yonca KÖKSAL3 ÖZET Bu bildiri 1923-1934 yılları arasında Türkiye ile Bulgaristan’ın ilişkilerini ve bu ilişkilerin Bulgaristan’daki Müslüman ve Türk azınlık üzerindeki etkilerini tartışmaktadır. Bu amaçla farklı ülkelerin arşivleri ve dönemin gazeteleri incelenmiştir. 1920’lerin ikinci yarısında iki ülke arasında diplomatik ilişkiler kurulduktan sonra Ankara ve Sofya azınlık sorununun ilişkilerinin gelişimini sınırlamaması için çaba sarf etmiştir. İki ülke arasında ilişkiler iyi olduğunda Bulgaristan’daki Türk azınlığın konumu bu ilişkilerin niteliğini ve yönünü pek etkilememiştir. Öte yandan ikili ilişkiler kötüye doğru gittiğinde Bulgar hükümeti Türk azınlığa baskı yapmaya başlamıştır. Ayrıca diğer Balkan ülkelerinin bölgesel ve uluslararası ilişkilere tepkileri Türk-Bulgar ilişkilerini etkilemiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye, Bulgaristan, Azınlıklar, Dış İlişkiler, Balkanlar TURKISH-BULGARIAN RELATIONS AND THE TURKISH MINORITY (1923-1934) ABSTRACT This paper studies relations between Turkey and Bulgaria during the years 1923–1934 and its effects on the Turkish minority living in Bulgaria. It brings international, national and community level dynamics together in an attempt to show how Bulgarian-Turkish relations affected the conditions of the Turkish minority. After the establishment of the diplomatic relations between the two states, Ankara and Sofia endeavored to constrain deliberately the influence of the minority issue on these relations. Consequently, this presentation argues that the Turkish minority in Bulgaria constituted rarely a factor in its own right that could influence the nature and the direction of the two countries’ bilateral relationship.