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Commemorative Ceremony for the 60Th Anniversary of the Council of Europe Commemorative Ceremony for the 60Th Anniversary of the Council of Europe

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Commemorative Ceremony for the 60Th Anniversary of the Council of Europe Commemorative Ceremony for the 60Th Anniversary of the Council of Europe Commemorative ceremony for the 60th Anniversary of the Council of Europe Commemorative ceremony for the 60th Anniversary of the Council of Europe Strasbourg, 1 October 2009 Palais de la musique et des congrès Salle Erasme, 7 p.m. Protocol Programme The European Anthem Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg Maud de Boer-Buquicchio Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe Danilo Türk President of the Republic of Slovenia Lluís Maria de Puig President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Thomas Hammarberg Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe Roland Ries Mayor of Strasbourg Symphony No. 3 in D minor, movements 4, 5 and 6 Gustav Mahler Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg et son Chœur de femmes Ensemble vocal du Conservatoire, Maîtrise de garçons de Colmar Frank De Winne (video) European Space Agency Mikhail Gorbachev Former President of the Soviet Union Václav Havel (video) Former President of the Czech Republic José Manuel Durão Barroso President of the European Commission Cecilia Malmström Minister for European Affairs of Sweden, Presidency of the European Union Youth essay writing Prize Award Thorbjørn Jagland Secretary General of the Council of Europe Alexander Rybak Winner of the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest 3 The Council of Europe: our history The idea of a united Europe and the establishment of a body representing all the peoples and countries of Europe was put forward as early as the 19th century. It was in the aftermath of the First World War that the idea really began to take shape; the second major conflict of the 20th century gave the impetus for its realisation, a union of European peoples being seen as the key to ensuring lasting peace and stability in Europe and the well-being of Europeans. As Winston Churchill far back as 1942, Winston Churchill spoke of a Council of Europe within which the European family would be able to act in unison. To provide protection against authoritarianism and arbitrariness, justice, respect for human rights and democracy were to form the basis for all co-operation between European countries and their peoples. Without this bedrock of values, all endeavours were doomed to failure. It was on this shared belief that the Council of Europe was founded 60 years ago. In the years following its foundation, the Council of Europe developed the tools that were to ensure the continued existence of this set of basic values by framing standards and creating the machinery to uphold and promote them. The European Convention on Human Rights and the Court established under it are undoubtedly central to that machinery. Other major instruments covering a variety of fields, ranging from the European Social Charter to the European Cultural Convention, gave additional support to the structure. Over the years, thanks in particular to the political impetus provided from the outset by its Parliamentary Assembly, the Council of Europe has adapted to a changing world by responding to the new needs and challenges facing our societies. In the year of its 40th anniversary, the Council of Europe was confronted with the major challenge presented by the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet empire. With its solid experience and smoothly functioning institutions possessing the flexibility needed to adapt to new needs, the Council of Europe fulfilled its mission by welcoming in its midst, on the basis of commitment to its fundamental values, nearly all the countries of the former Eastern bloc. 4 The Council of Europe now covers virtually the whole of Europe's natural geographical area. Belarus, the only European non-member country as of 2009, will ultimately be able to carry out the reforms that will open the Council of Europe’s doors to it and offer its citizens living conditions in which their fundamental rights are safeguarded. In these early years of the 21st century, as the Council of Europe celebrates its 60th anniversary, respect for the rule of law and human rights in a framework of genuine democracy is a necessity that no one denies. These values which everyone claims to espouse might seem established once and for all. But it would be a mistake to entertain such an illusion. It is a sad fact that we are seeing a resurgence of attitudes that have always been a source of conflict and suffering: nationalism, xenophobia and intolerance. In a context of global turmoil, values seem under threat and major setbacks are not impossible. Vigilance is absolutely essential for a future in which there can be no room for violations of fundamental values. Those values and the binding standards formulated for their protection are the guarantee of continued stability for European societies in the face of the dangers posed by terrorism, the tensions resulting from economic recession and intercultural or interreligious tensions. The future will no doubt bring new, sometimes unsuspected difficulties and challenges. The adaptability which the Council of Europe has always shown is its major strength as it looks ahead to the future. With its expertise, its legal instruments and its institutional machinery boasting six decades of experience, the Council of Europe remains the indispensable tool serving European countries in the defence and promotion of democracy, human rights and the rule of law in Europe. 5 Former Secretaries General Marcelino Terry Davis Oreja Aguirre Peter Smithers United Kingdom Spain United Kingdom 2004-2009 1984-1989 1964-1969 Walter Schwimmer Franz Karasek Lodovico Benvenuti Austria Austria Italy 1999-2004 1979-1984 1957-1964 Georg Kahn- Daniel Tarschys Ackermann Léon Marchal Sweden Germany France 1994-1999 1974-1979 1953-1956 Catherine Lalumière Lujo Toncic-Sorinj Jacques-Camille Paris France Austria France 1989-1994 1969-1974 1949-1953 6 Former Deputy Secretaries General Hans Christian Krüger Polys Modinos Germany Cyprus 1997-2002 1962-1968 Peter Leuprecht Dunstan Curtis Austria United Kingdom 1993-1997 1955-1962 Gaetano Adinolfi Anthony Lincoln Italy United Kingdom 1978-1993 1952-1955 Sforza Galeazzo Aubrey Halford Italy United Kingdom 1968-1978 1949-1952 7 Former Presidents of the Parliamentary Assembly LIuís Maria René van Miguel Angel de Puig der Linden Martínez Karl Ahrens Spain Netherlands Spain Germany 2008 2005-2008 1992-1996 1983-1986 Peter Schieder Geoffrey Finsberg José Maria de Areilza Austria United Kingdom Spain 2002-2005 1992 1981-1983 Lord David Russell-Johnston Anders Björck Hans J. de Koster United Kingdom Sweden Netherlands 1999-2002 1989-1991 1978-1981 Leni Fischer Louis Jung Karl Czernetz Germany France Austria 1996-1999 1986-1989 1975-1978 8 Giuseppe Vedovato Per Federspiel François de Menthon Italy Denmark France 1972-1975 1960-1963 1952-1954 Olivier Reverdin John Edwards Paul-Henri Spaak Switzerland United Kingdom Belgium 1969-1972 1959 1949-1951 Geoffrey S. de Freitas Fernand Dehousse Edouard Herriot United Kingdom Belgium France 1966-1969 1956-1959 1949 Pierre Pflimlin Guy Mollet France France 1963-1966 1954-1956 9 The European Anthem After the Council of Europe adopted the European flag in 1955, attention switched to the choice of a European anthem, for which the Council received around 20 proposals. The words and music of Ode to Joy from Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony were already being heard at many European ceremonies at local, regional, national and European level. Amid the jubilation surrounding the bicentenary of Beethoven’s birth, the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted the European anthem in July 1971. The Council’s Secretary General, Lujo Toncic-Sorinj, then asked his compatriot, Herbert von Karajan, to arrange an official version of the European anthem, which was officially adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 12 January 1972. The European Union also adopted it 14 years later. The melody is taken from Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony composed in 1823, for the final movement of which he set to music the Ode to Joy written by Friedrich von Schiller in 1785. This poem expresses Schiller’s idealistic vision of the human race becoming brothers – a vision shared by Beethoven. The official version was recorded by von Karajan and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in March 1972. Lasting 2 minutes and 15 seconds, it corresponds to bars 140 to 187 of the symphony’s fourth movement and is based on the melody alone without Schiller’s text. Apart from the melody, Karajan retained two of Beethoven’s three variations, the violin variation and its modification into a solemn march, and ended with a cadence used as a conclusion emphasised by a marking of ritenuto molto. The tempo is markedly slower and the instrumentation creates a uniform sonority that diminishes the rich texture and timbre of the original. Through the universal language of music, the anthem expresses the ideals of freedom, peace and solidarity for which Europe stands. It is the anthem not only of the Council of Europe and the European Union, but also of Europe as a whole. 10 Ours is a beautiful story; the story of how we have moved from mistrust to trust, peace and democracy thanks to the vision of a handful of people who drafted our Statute 60 years ago, acting on behalf of millions of their fellow Europeans holding the same dream. Today we pay tribute to those great women and men who showed us that with courage, hope and faith great things can be accomplished. We celebrate the Council of Europe`s great achievements in promoting and protecting democracy, human rights and the rule of law in Europe, and we look to the future, aware of our great responsibility to the 800 million people who make up Europe today, and to generations to come, who aspire to live in a peaceful society respectful of the rights of each and every one.
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