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Index

A1 (British submarine) 293 archipelagic (zone) 107, 220, 226, 278 A3 (British submarine) 293 Ardent HMS 168, 260 A7 (British submarine) 175 Ardgantock 90 A19 (German torpedo boat) 64 Ardmount 52 abandonment (of ownership) 91–6 Area 110, 112, 224–7, 229, 233, 262, Aboukir HMS 27, 29, 52, 81, 108, 278, 280, 282 126, 150, 169–70, 175, 221, 228, Arethusa HMS 10–11 280, 285, 304 Arfon HMT 56, 204, 292–3 Admiral Nakhimov 82 Argentina 78, 136 Adriatic Sea 22–3, 31, 35, 41, 45, 49, Ariadne 11 51–2, 116, 181, 236 Ariane 33–4 Adventure Galley 235 Ariel HMS 29 AE1 27, 33, 49, 62 Armistice 45–6, 239 AE2 2, 17, 51, 62, 105, 107 Armstrong, Elswick 79 Aegean 15, 49 Armstrong, Whitworth 78 Agincourt HMS 78 Athos 41 aircraft 6, 32, 36, 46, 94, 103, 134, Atlantic 25, 36, 38, 49 139, 144–5, 203–4, 208–9, 211, Atlas of the 2Seas Project 68 220, 223, 225–7, 261, 273, 289, Aud 162, 299 303 Audacious HMS 34, 38, 51, 56, 161, Albania 41, 51 181 Albatross 22 Australia 5, 9, 17, 31, 36, 39, 40, 42, Alcitpe 62 49, 51–2, 70, 75, 95, 99, 106–7, Algeria 50–51, 183 128, 173, 221, 233, 236, 239, Amalfi 23, 125, 236 240–42, 244–5, 249, 251–2 Amiral Charner 24 Austria 113 Amphion HMS 9, 56, 232, 247–8, Austria-Hungary 4, 22, 26, 35, 45, 49, 255, 302 51, 83, 102 Anchor Line 40 auxiliary vessels (ships) 3, 5, 31, Anglia HMHS 42, 150 38–40, 44, 46, 51, 79–82, 99, Antilles 42 139–40, 144–5, 150, 255, 264, Antisubmarine Division (British 267–9 Admiralty) 61 Anzac cove 2, B11 (British submarine) 15, 122 Aquitania 41, 44 Bacchantes class cruisers 27 Arabic 44 Baden 13, 172 Aragon 79 Balfour, Arthur 7, 18 Arbuthnot, Robert 20 Baltic Sea 21–2, 50–51, 194, 298–9 Archaeological standards 212–214 Barbaros Hayreddin 17

307

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Barley 64 Brugge 53 Baron Gautsch 45 Brummer 43, 172 Barrara 42 HMAT 40 Bulwark HMS 265 Barsac 70, 149 burial at sea 245–6 Bayern 172 Beaufoy, Katy 252 C3 (British submarine) 51 Beatty, David 14, 18–19, 165 C12 (British submarine) 121, 143 Bela MV 164, 170 C15 (British submarine) 33 Belgium 1, 4, 50–52, 55, 58, 62, 64, C29 (British submarine) 46 68, 70, 99, 115–17, 128–9, 140, C31 (British submarine) 33, 51 164, 177–81, 197, 236, 239, C33 (British submarine) 33 242–3, 244, 249, 269, 297–8 C34 (British submarine) 46 Bemis, Gregg 96, 171–2, 198–9 Beneditto Brin 24, 122 cables (undersea) 109, 190–91, 207 Berlin 35, 38, 102 see also pipelines Bernoulli 34 Cairnhill 89, 302 Bingham, Edward 19 Calgarian HMS 264 Birmingham HMS 26 Calvados 41 Black Prince HMS 20, 54, 166–7 Campbell, Gordon 32 Black sea 15, 22, 50 Cambodia 41 Blücher 14–15 Cameroon 6 Board of Trade (British) 79–80, 91, Campania HMS 203–4 148 Canada (Canadian) 5, 40, 42, 48, 51, Bogatyr 13 75, 113, 128, 221, 242, 249, Bosforus 62 251–2, 270 Bosnia 23, 52 Canopus HMS 12 Bosphorus 17 Cap Trafalgar 37, 79, 255 Bouvet 2, 16, 24, 60, 105, 107, 115, capture 82–4, 102, 122, 151 122, 171 Carmania HMS 37, 102, 255 Boyle, Edward 16 Caroline HMS 73 blockade 28–9 Carthage 17, 52, 62 Bluebell HMS 300 Caribbean 36 Branlebas 64 Castilian 206 Brazil 36, 51, 78, 116, 128, 221 Ceramic 79 Bremse 43, 172 Chatham Naval Memorial 251 Breslau 15 Chauncey 25 Brilliant HMS 178 Choules, Charles 65 Bristol HMS 13 Churchill, Winston 10, 15, 18 Britain see United Kingdom Chile 12–13, 17, 37, 51–2, 78, 109, Britannia HMS 31 117, 162 Britannic HMHS 42 China 6, 12, 26, 50, 52, 78, 95, 128, British Expeditionary Force 40 205, 221 British-India Steam Navigation City of Winchester 36 Company 53, 149 coal 6, 12, 20, 35, 38–9, 57–8, 80, British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) 55–6, 114, 182, 188 173–4 Coastal Motor Boat 4 HM 73 Broke HMS 21 Code books 13–14, 18, 22–3,123, bronze 54, 126, 158, 169 Cöln 11, 55, 57–8, 109, 172, 174, 178

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Index 309

colliers 13, 17, 39 D6 (British submarine) 46 Comité Maritime International (CMI) D8 (British submarine) 33 128 Dague 25, 52, 270 commerce raiders 8, 12, 35–9, 49, 79, Danton 24, 57–8, 109, 183, 191–2, 82, 95, 128, 195 219, 254, 270 commercial exploitation (of legacy Dardanelles see Gallipoli campaign wrecks) 53–7, 70–2, 86, 120–7, Dartmouth HMS 36 134–5, 148–9, 174, 207–8, deep seabed 66, 104–5, 108, 110, 213, 215–7, 235, 277–8 224, 227 common heritage of mankind 110 Defence HMS 20, 162, 168, 174 Commonwealth War Graves del Greco, Carlo 33 Commission see Imperial War Denmark (Danish) 43–4, 51–2, 54, Graves Commission 64, 70, 114, 128, 162, 166–8, Comoran 37, 82, 126, 162, 195, 269, 221, 253, 299 301 Department of Culture, Media and condenser 54, 126, 167, 169 Sport 148, 267, 276–7 contiguous zone 104, 108–9, 112, Department of Transport 53, 151–2, 221, 223, 268, 270, 278, 298–9 155 continental shelf 104, 108–9, 190–91, derelict (ships) 130, 146–7 195, 222–29, 272, 278–82, 285, Derfflinger 15, 19–20, 83 289, 298 destroyer 9–11, 13, 17, 19–23, 25, contraband 28, 101, 103 27–30, 35–6, 43–44, 52, 62, 78, convoy 25, 30, 43, 64, 90 81, 83, 122, 151, 163, 167–8, copper 90, 148–9, 158 172, 210 Coronel, battle of 2, 8, 12–13, 49, 255 Dogger Bank 8, 13–15 Cornwall HMS 13 Dover 9, 29, 57, 114, 179, 254 Cornwell, Jack 271 Dreadnought class 8, 18, 24, 122, 125 Council of Europe 3 Pre-Dreadnought class 8, 12, 18, Covington 42 24, 27, 78 Cox & Danks 151, 172 Dreadnought HMS 7, 29 Cradock, Christopher 12 Dresden 12–13, 36–7, 52, 162, 172 Crathie HMT 40 Duke of Albany 263 Creosol RFA 264–5 Duke of Edinburgh HMS 20 Cressy HMS 27, 29, 52, 81, 108, 126, Dutch 13–14, 43, 45, 51, 67, 108, 150, 169–70, 175, 221, 228, 280, 136, 158, 161, 164–67, 169–70, 285, 304 298 Croatia 52, 72, 236 see also Netherlands Cromarty Firth 81, 125, 150, 180 Cunard 37, 44, 79, 89, 204 E3 (British submarine) 33, 55, 126, Curie 122, 143 164, 255 customary international law 98, 103, E5 (British submarine) 66–7 106, 145, 189–90, 227, 259, 273, E6 (British submarine) 11, 46 278, 303 E7 (British submarine) 51 Cuthrie HMT 64 E9 (British submarine) 26 E10 (British submarine) 107, 295 D2 (British submarine) 33 E11 (British submarine) 17 D5 (British submarine) 46 E13 (British submarine) 52

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E14 (British submarine) 16, 51, 62 Fortune HMS 53, 167 E15 (British submarine) 51 Foucault 32 E16 (British submarine) 33 France (French) 1, 4–9, 17–18, 23–4, E18 (British submarine) 67, 107, 117, 26, 28, 31–6, 39, 41, 45–6, 49, 263, 266 51–2, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, 70, 78, E20 (British submarine) 51 80, 93, 95, 97, 102, 105, 107, E39 (British submarine) 46 114–17, 122, 125, 128, 134, 141, E45 (British submarine) 61 143, 145, 149, 177, 182–3, 194, E49 (British submarine) 46 196–7, 206, 218, 234, 236, 238, E50 (British submarine) 262, 266 241–5, 249, 254, 269–70, 285, East Coast War Channels project 50, 296–7 64, 68 Frauenlob 11, 21, 66, 71–2, 168, 174 Edinburgh HMS 260 French Polynesia 38 Egypt 51 Friedrich Carl 22 Elbing 21, 78, 168 Friedrich der Grosse 83 Eleonora 62 Emden 8, 22, 24, 36–7, 49, 52, 85, G8 (British submarine) 262, 266 107 G96 (German torpedo boat) 64 English Heritage 64, 106, 203, 209, Gaea 64 257, 274, 288, 291 Gairsoppa 276 see also Historic England Gallipoli campaign 2, 15–18, 49–50, Erin HMS 78 52–3, 60, 62, 64, 115–16, 131, Estonia 51, 107, 117, 263 211, 245, 256 Etruria 24 Garibaldi 23, 52, 236 Eumaeus 149 Gaulois 24 exclusive economic zone (EEZ) Germany 108–9, 114, 190–91, 222, 224, national law 194, 295–6 226, 272, 278–82, 289 war at sea 6–47 Ghana 251 Falaba 29, 44 Glasgow HMS 12–13 Falklands, Battle of 2, 8, 12–13, 49. Glenart Castle HMHS 42, 252 110, 255 Gloucester HMS 276 Falklands War 260 Gneisenau 12–13, 49, 110 Faulkner HMS 21 Goeben 15 Fearless HMS 10, 266 Goliath HMS 17, 51, 107, 115 Fiji 251 Good Hope HMS 12, 49, 109, 117, Finland 13, 22, 51–2, 95 255 Fisgard II HMS 264 Gottfried 64 Fisher, Jacky 59 Ghurka HMS 29, 163 fishing 182–3 graves see war graves fishing vessel 3, 13–14, 39–40, 45, Greece (Greek) 43, 51–2, 78, 95, 116, 55, 58, 65, 66, 80, 102 127–8, 206, 221 Fleet Air Arm Museum 73, 204 Guam 37, 126, 162, 195 Flora 27 Folkestone Salvage Company 151 H5 (British submarine) 46 Forgotten Wrecks project 68, 255 H21 (British seaplane lighter) 73 Formidable HMS 28, 161, 165 H52 (British submarine) 81

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Index 311

Haiti 235 Inflexible HMS 12, 16 Hamburg America 37, 40 Institute of International Law 84, Hamburg-South America Line 79 142–3, 145–6, 258–60, 275, Hampshire HMS 126, 163, 175, 260 277–82, 303 Harper, JET 165, 168 International Law Association 207 Harrovian 158 International Maritime Organisation Harvey, Francis 19 (IMO) 105, 114, 128, 147, 186, Hatsuse 78 189 Hawke HMS 28 International Seabed Authority 110, Hela 27 224–5 Helgoland 32 Intrepid HMS 178 Heligoland Bight, battle of 2, 10–12, Invincible HMS 12, 20, 54, 65, 162, 14, 26, 33, 49, 164 165 Hermes HMS 27 in situ preservation 58, 65, 70, 116, Hersing, Otto 26 133, 137, 212–3, 227, 257, 267, Highflyer HMS 38 277, 288, 290, 306 Hindenberg 151, 172 Iphigenia HMS 178 Hipper, Franz 14, 19 Iron Cross 27–8 Historic England 30, 64, 202–3, 274, Irresistible HMS 2, 16, 51, 115, 171 288 Ireland, Republic of (Irish) 51, 95–6, see also English Heritage 124, 128, 162, 164, 195, 203, Høvding Shipbreakers 84, 93, 152 206, 221, 223, 236, 252, 288, Hogue HMS 27, 29, 52, 81, 108, 126, 299–300 150, 169–70, 175, 221, 228, 280, Israel 51, 105, 116 285, 304 Holbrook, Norman 15, 17 J6 (British submarine) 62 Hong Kong 251–2 Jacob Jones USS 25, 30 Horton, Max 27 Japan 4–7, 12, 25–6, 49–50, 52, 78, hospital ships 38, 42–3, 100, 145, 82, 93–4, 102, 113, 128–9, 134, 150, 152, 252 145, 248 human remains 66–7, 70–71, 168, Jellicoe, John 9–10, 18, 20–21, 26, 182, 208, 210–11, 225, 246–50, 165 257–8, 260–70, 278, 282–3, 287, Joule 34, 62, 115 291, 296, 306 Jutland, Battle of 2, 8, 18–21, 29, 49, hydrophones 30 54, 60, 62, 64–9, 71, 73, 108, 126, 128, 162, 165–69, 174, 212, India 5, 36, 40, 50, 75, 97, 242, 249, 233, 239, 255–56, 265–66, 280, 251–2 298–99, 302 Italy 4, 8, 22–3, 26, 31–2, 40–41, 49, 50–51, 99, 102, 105, 109, 117, K4 (British submarine) 56, 252, 265 128, 141, 177, 181, 183, 206, K6 (British submarine) 265 236, 243–5 K17 (British submarine) 56, 252, 262, Imperatristae Mariya 22, 50, 125 265 Imperial War Graves Commission Kaiser 172 243, 245, 248–50, 285, 294 Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 38, 102, Indefatigable HMS 19, 54, 162, 166, 107, 255 174, 280–81 Kaiser Wilhelm II 6–8, 18, 295

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Karlsruhe 36, 55, 172 Ludgate 148 Kashima 78 Lusitania 29, 44, 52, 58, 79, 89, 91, Kent HMS 13 95–6, 119, 152–3, 171–2, 181, Keyes, Roger 10–11 195, 198, 232, 252–3, 300 King Bleddyn 149 Lützow 20–21, 54, 166 Kléber 25, 197, 269 Kolberg 15, M33 (coastal bombardment vessels) Königin Luise 9, 40, 164, 255, 303 HMS 73 Koningin Regentes 43 Macedonia HMS 13 Königsberg 36, 49, 52, 81, 85, 95, Madagascar 235 107, 117, 122–3, 220 Magdeburg 13, 22, 52 Kronprinz Wilhelm 38 Mainz 11, 109, 164 Krupp 78–9 Majestic HMS 17, 51, 115, 170 Malaysia 24, 36, 107, 251 L132 (aircraft) 32 Malta 36, 51 L135 (aircraft) 32 Managing Cultural Heritage LV71 (Lightship) 25 Underwater Project (MACHU) Laboe Memorial 252 64 Laconia 44, 89, 302 Mantola 53, 71, 125, 149, 175, 256, Laertes HMS 11 276, 301, 305 Lance HMS 9 Marechiaro 43 Landrail HMS 9 Mariotte 18 Laurel HMS 11 Maritime Archaeology Sea Trust 51, Laurentic 56, 79, 82, 124, 150, 152, 65 256 maritime lien 135, 160, 186 law of finds 96, 137, 194–6, 208, 215, Markomania 52 268, 301 marine insurance 85–91 law of the sea 101–14 marine scientific research 109 conventions 103–112, 219–25 Mary Rose 81 history of 101–3 Mary Rose HMS 44 Leinster 162, 300 Mauretania 41, 44, 79, 102 Leipzig 13, 36–7, 110 Mecidiye 122, 143 Léon Gambetta 24, 51 Medaglia d’Oro al Valore Militare 33 Leonardo da Vinci 24, 125, 236 Mediterranean 15, 24–5, 41, 45, 49, Leviathan 42 219, 229 Liberty HMS 11 Medusa 33 Libya 51 memorials 237–60 Lika 23 Mendi 41, 221, 232, 236, 251, 253–4, Lion HMS 11, 14, 19 264, 303 Liverpool and London War Risk Merchant marine 43–45 Insurance Association 88–9 Mersey HMS 36 Llandovery Castle HMHS 42 Mesudiye 2, 15, 122, 302 Lloyd’s of London 88, 90–91, 158–9 Metal Recoveries (Orkney) Ltd 153, Lloyd’s International Underwriting 181 Association 91 Meteor 38 London 161 Micronesia 6 Louis HMS 18 Midilli 62

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Index 313

Minas 41 Norddeutscher Lloyd 36, 38, 79, 80 Mines 34–5 North of England Association 88 Minesweeper 9, 35, 38, 64, 100, 204 Northern Ireland 35, 38, 51, 124, 203, Ministry of Defence (MoD) 95, 149, 288 163, 181, 202, 260, 265–6, North Sea 8, 10, 14, 26, 28, 34, 36, 275–6, 281, 305 46, 49, 52, 58, 64, 117, 136, Moldavia HMS 42, 56, 264 162, 165, 181, 194, 229, 233, Möltenort Memorial 252 262, 297–9 Moltke 14, 172 North Sea Divers & Co Ltd 93 Monge 32 Norway (Norwegian) 33, 38, 43–4, Monmouth HMS 12, 49, 51, 109, 117 51, 64, 84, 93, 95, 112, 116, Morocco 38, 51, 107, 255 128, 152, 162 Mount Vernon 42 Nur-ul Bahir 16, 62 Mousquet 24, 36, 52, 107 Nürnberg 13, 110 Möwe 38 Muavenet-i Milliye 17 Oakley HMS 165 multibeam Sonar 60 objects of an historical and museums 55, 57, 71, 73, 81, 124, 135, archaeological nature 3, 110–12, 163, 166–8, 174, 179, 204, 253, 286 257 Ocean HMS 2, 16, 51, 105–7, 115, Myanmar 251 171 Odessa 85 Namibia 6 Odyssey Marine Exploration 81, 89, Nasmith, Martin 17 149, 175, 276, 301–2 Natal HMS 81, 124, 150, 153, Olympic 32, 41 180–81, 265 Orkney Islands 55, 173 Nautical Archaeological Society Ostend 30, 50, 53, 177–8, 253 (NAS) 173 Ouse HMS 204 Naval Ode 1, 250 outstanding universal value 115, navigational hazard 57–8, 114, 172, 117–9 177–79, 191–2, 201, 204 ownership 76–96 Navy Salvage Division (British loss of Admiralty) 61, 178 see also abandonment 91–95 Nereide 33, 124 Nestor HMS 19, 54, 167 transfer of 80–82 Netherlands 51–2, 64, 102, 114, 116–7, 124, 128, 162, 166, P319 (French torpedo boat) 52 196–8, 207, 221, 223, 236, 269, Pallada 13, 22 280, 285, 298–99, 304 Papua New Guinea 6, 27, 33, 49, 62 see also Dutch passenger liners (ship) 3, 25, 28–9, neutral shipping (vessels) 28–9, 31, 40, 42, 44, 53, 56, 79, 89, 91, 43, 49–50, 52, 62–3, 88–9, 101, 95, 150, 264–5, 300 103, 107, 128–9, 231 Pathfinder HMS 26–7, 56, 162 New Zealand 5, 40, 62, 75, 128, 242, Pegasus HMS 36, 51–2, 81, 95, 123, 249, 252 150, 247 Nigeria 252 Pfaltz 9, 70, 101 Nomad HMS 19, 54, 162, 167, 174 Plymouth Naval Memorial 251

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314 Maritime legacies and the law

pipelines (undersea) 57, 73, 109, 180, Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 183, 190–91, 207, 219 79 see also cables Royal Marine Light Infantry 252 Poland 64 Royal Naval Air Service 209 pollution 58, 73, 86, 105, 113–14, Royal Naval Reserve Trawling 129, 140, 150, 182, 186–92 Section 39 Pommern 21, 54, 165–6 Royal Navy Submarine Command 251 Portsmouth Naval Memorial 251 Roxburgh HMS 57 Portugal 51, 63–4, 69–70, 113, 128–9, Russia 4–8, 13, 15, 22, 26, 35, 49–52, 223, 234 78, 82, 93–4, 101–2,116, 122, Posen 21 125, 128, 134, 144–5, 183, 226, President Lincoln 42 236, 240, 245 Princess Royal HMS 11, 14 Ryazan 37, 82 Principe Umberto 41 Prinz Adalbert 22 S35 (German destroyer) 168 Prinz Eitel Friedrich 38, 79 S90 (German destroyer) 25–6, 52 Prinzregent Luitpold 172 S117 (German destroyer) 35 prize 9, 28, 33, 39, 82–85, 101–2, S118 (German destroyer) 35 126, 129, 152 S119 (German destroyer) 13, 35 Prut 122 S126 (German destroyer) 27 Sadomaru 82 Q-ship 32–3, 81, 62, 80–81, 102, 136 Salta 42 Queen Elizabeth HMS 182 salvage Queen Mary HMS 19, 54, 61, 162, conventions 112–3, 128–9, 218 166–7, 212, 255, 280–81 foundations 129–30 legacy wrecks 53–7, 121–7 Receiver of Wreck 95, 135, 147, and marine peril 131–33 154–62, 171, 174, 199, 203–4, and maritime property 130–131 292, 294 and success 133–5 Regina Margherita 24 Salvage Association 91 Rehber 62 salvage contract 53, 71, 91, 126, Renarro 62 148–9, 152–3, 155, 170, 175, Resadiye 78 177, 184, 302 Rewa HMHS 42 Salvor’ rights 135–39 Richard Montgomery 206 Samoa 6 River Clyde 17 Sanders, William 33 Rizzo, Luigi 23 San Diego USS 25, 165, 195, 269, Rohilla 43, 152 301 Roland Morillot 122 Santa Isabel 13 Rostock 54, 167 Santa Maria 235 Royal Commission on the Ancient Saracen 197 and Historical Monuments of Scapa Flow 3, 10, 26, 29–30, 45–6, Wales 68 55, 65, 81, 83, 125, 151, 153, Royal Edward 40 172–4, 180, 265, 291, 294 Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) 79 Scapa Flow Salvage & Shipbreaking Royal Marine Artillery 252 Co Ltd 151, 153

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Index 315

Schanrhorst 12–13, 49, 110, 255 Superb HMS 302 Scotland 29, 106, 203–4, 252, 288 Surrender 45, 82–5, 151 Scott HMS 164, 175 Sussex HMS 276 scrap metal 48, 54, 70, 83, 126, 150, Suvla Bay 2 184, 304 Sweden (Swedish) 51, 64, 93, 95, scuttle 3, 13, 17, 21, 37–8, 45–6, 51, 116, 128, 162–3, 183, 263 55, 62, 65, 81, 83, 89, 107, 122, Sydney HMAS 36, 85 125, 151, 172, 178, 183, 300 Szent István 23, 72, 236 Secretary of State’s Representative for Maritime Salvage and T319 (French torpedo boat) 64 Intervention (SOSREP) 155, 294 T47 (German destroyer) 22 Seedler 38 T51 (German destroyer) 22 Senator Holthusen 52 Severn HMS 36 Tahiti 49–50 Sèvres, Treaty of 242 Tainui 79 Seydlitz 15, 151, 172 Takachiho 25, 52 Scheer, Reinhard 18–21 Tampa 25 Shark HMS 168 tankers 39, 79, 99, 113, 145, 186, 264 shared heritage 302–5 Tanzania 6, 36, 51–2, 95, 107, 117 Sierra Leone 251 Tartar HMS 90 Sirius HMS 51, 178 Teleconia 8 Skùli Fógeti 64 territorial sea 77, 104, 1069, 111, 139, Slovenia 116 187, 189, 191–2, 195, 263, 270, Somme, Battle of 2, 241, 244 278–9, 283, 299 South Africa 5, 40, 51, 75, 112, 117, Terschelling Wreck Museum 166 141, 221, 233, 241, 249, 253, Texas USS 73 303 Thailand 22, 52 South African Labour Corps 41, 253, Thetis HMS 51, 130, 178 264 Thomas W Irvin HMT 39, 64 Southampton HMS 11, 21 Ticonderoga 42 sovereign immunity 98–100, 102, 110, Tiger HMS 14 139–148, 279–85 Tipperary HMS 21, 54, 167 Soviet Union 94, 105, 122, 134 Titan 27 Spain 9, 51, 64, 78, 93, 102, 128–9, Titanic 43, 209 223, 234 Togo 6 Sparrowhawk HMS 21, 166, 169 Torrey Canyon 113–4, 186–7 Spectator 148 Transylvania 40 Spithead Marine Salvage 151 trawler 13–14, 16, 27, 39, 44, 61, 64, Sri Lanka 252 80, 204–5 Stanley Ship-Breaking & Salvage Co Treaty of St Germain 83–4 Ltd 81, 150, 181 Treaty of Versailles 46, 83–4, 242 Stock Force 81 Trombe 122 Stromness Salvage Syndicate 151, 172 troopships 12, 16, 39–42, 52, 56, 62, Strongbow HMS 44 66, 100, 145, 247, 253, 264, Suffren 24, 234 303 Sultan Osman-ı Evvel 78 Triumph HMS 17, 51, 78, 115 subrogation 86–7, 89–90, 149–50, Tyrwhitt, Reginald 10 152, 302 Tubantia 98, 125, 136–7

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316 Maritime legacies and the law

Tunisia 51 U80 124 Turbine 23 U81 149 Turbulent HMS 21, 168 U86 42 Turkey (Turkish) 2, 15–18, 40, 49–51, U90 151 60, 62, 70, 74, 78, 97, 105–6, U94 56 115–16, 122, 143, 206, 242, 302 U95 254 Tuscania 42 U103 32, 293 U116 180 U3 23 U117 25 U4 23 U140 25 U151 25 U5 24, 33, 41, 124 U156 25 U6 32–3 UB4 123 U8 29, 57, 60, 158, 162, 205 UB10 57, 178 U9 27–9, 169 UB13 136 U11 33, 163 UB14 23 U12 23, 29, 51, 123–4, 247 UB21 57, 162–3 U13 33 UB26 122, 143 U14 40, 122 UB29 31, 62 U15 26, 255 UB31 57, 162–3 U18 293 UB32 62, 123 U19 264 UB33 57, 123, 162 U20 5, 44, 52, 253 UB35 56–7, 162 U21 17, 24, 26–8, 56, 170 UB36 62 U22 33–4 UB38 57, 114, 123, 162–3, 179, 192 U23 32 UB40 56, 158 U24 28, 44 UB41 56, 137 U26 22–3 UB44 32 U27 28, 33, 55, 164 UB47 24 U28 33, 44 UB48 33 U29 29 UB53 32 U35 43, 63, 69, 247 UB54 62 U38 41 UB55 57, 123, 162 U39 41 UB56 57, 123, 162 U40 163 UB57 56, 264 U42 164 UB58 57, 123, 162 U46 57, 162 UB64 56 U50 44, 89 UB65 57, 107, 264, 266 U52 24, 40 UB72 123, 163 U53 30 UB78 163 U55 42, 56, 89 UB81 107, 123, 151, 163, 264, 266, U56 252 UB89 57 U60 56 UB91 25 U63 41 UB108 43 U64 24, 254 UB109 30, 57, 123, 162 U65 41 UB115 32 U69 123, 158 UB116 30–31, 57, 123, 151, 175 U76 84, 93, 152 UB122 210

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Index 317

UB123 300 V27 (German destroyer) 19, 54, 167 UB133 123 V29 (German destroyer) 19, 54, 167 UC2 34, 123 V44 (German destroyer) 81, 83, 210 UC4 300 V48 (German destroyer) 168 UC5 42, 122, 151 V81 (German destroyer) 62 UC12 14, 122, 143 V82 (German destroyer) 81, 83, 210 UC17 165 V187 (German destroyer) 11 UC21 62 Van der Tann 19, 172 UC26 57, 162 Vanguard HMS 56, 149, 153, 175, UC42 57, 162 181, 197, 263, 265 UC32 123 Vaterland 41 UC47 123 Venezuela 105, 116 UC49 42, 56 Verona 41 UC51 180 Victoria Cross 15–17, 19, 32–3, 271 UC62 61 Victory HMS 81, 276 UC64 123, 158 Vindictive HMS 178, 253 UC65 33, 64 von Ingehohl, Friedrich 9, UC68 62 von Arnauld de la Perière, Lothar 63 UC70 123, 204–5, 293 von Reuter, Ludwig 45 UC72 57, 162 von Spee, Graf Maximilian 12–13, 37, UC76 56 49 UC77 56, 61 von Tirpitz, Alfred 7, 20, 60 UC79 57, 61, 123, 162 Undaunted HMS 35 Wales 68, 288 Underwater Archaeology Research Wairuna 62 Department (DRASSM France) Warilda 42, 56 70, 194, 196, 254, 269 war graves 65–7, 237–8, 260–71, 282, Undine 22 284–5, 293–4, 306 UNESCO 69, 120, 193, 207, 214, Warrior HMS 20, 62, 169, 222, 225, 230, 235–6, 254, 272, war risk insurance 85–91, 123, 148, 274 152, 198, 302 United Kingdom Wear HMS 16 national legislation 153–61, Weddigen, Otto 27 199–206, 260–70 White Star Line 79, 124, 152 review of national legislation Wien 23, 177 279–95 Wiesbaden 20–21, 54, 166–7 war at sea 6–47 Wilhelmshaven 10, 15 United States (US) 4–5, 25–6, 28–30, Wolf 38 37–8, 41, 43–4, 49, 51, 56, 63, 67, World Federation of Underwater 74, 79, 81, 89, 93–4, 96, 105, 112, (CMAS) 69 124, 132–5, 137–8, 141, 165, 171, world heritage 115–9, 306 175, 195, 198, 208, 214, 221, 234, wreck removal 86, 114, 150, 177–9, 264, 267–9, 301–2 185–6, 191–2 Unwin, Edward 17 X1 (Italian submarine) 122 Verdun, Battle of 2, 240–41, 256 V4 (German destroyer) 166 Yemen 36

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Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Forrest-Maritime_legacies_and_the_law / Division: Index /Pg. Position: 11 / Date: 13/9 JOBNAME: EE3 Forrest PAGE: 12 SESS: 5 OUTPUT: Mon Sep 23 12:30:40 2019

318 Maritime legacies and the law

Zeebrugge 30, 50, 53, 55, 61, 177–8, Zenta 23, 52 253 Zhemchug 22, 36, 52 Zéléé 49

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Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Forrest-Maritime_legacies_and_the_law / Division: Index /Pg. Position: 12 / Date: 13/9