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Hydrothermal and Metamorphic Berthierine
n27 CanadianMineralogist Vol. 30,pp. 1127-1142 (1992) HYDROTHERMALAND METAMORPHICBERTHIERINE FROM THE KIDD CREEK VOLCANOGENICMASSTVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT. TIMMINS, ONTARIO JOHNF.SLACK U.S.Geological Survey, Nationnl Center, Mail Stop954, Reston, Virginia 22092, U.S.A. WEI-TEH JIANG ANDDONALD R. PEACOR Depamnent of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. PATRICKM. OKITA* U.S.Geological Survey, National Center,Mail Stop954, Reston,Virginia 22092,U.S.A. ABSTRACT Berthierine,a 7 A pe-Al memberof the serpentinegroup, occursin the footwall stringerzone of the ArcheanKidd Creek massivesulfide deposit, Ontario, associated with quartz,muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite,chalcopyrite, and local tourmaline' cassiterite,and halloysite. Berthierine has been identified by the lack of 14A basalreflections on X-ray powderdiffractionpattems, by its composition (electron-microprobedata), and by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM). Peoogaphic and scanning eiectronmicroscopic (SEM) studiesreveal different types of berthierineocculrences, including interlayerswithin and rims on deformedchlorite, intergrowthswith muscoviteand halloysite,and discretecoarse grains. TEM imagesshow thick packetsof berthierineand chlorite that are parallel or relatedby low-angle boundaries,and layer terminationsof chlorite by berthierine; mixedJayer chlorite-berthierinealso is observed,intergrown with Fe-rich chlorite and berthierine.End-member (Mg-free) berthierineis presentin small domainsin two samples.The Kidd Creekberthierine is chemicallysimilar -
Syntectonic Mobility of Supergene Nickel Ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific)
Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Dominique Cluzel, Benoit Vigier To cite this version: Dominique Cluzel, Benoit Vigier. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins.. Resource Geology, Wiley- Blackwell publishing, 2008, 58 (2), pp.161 - 170. 10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00053.x. hal-00161201 HAL Id: hal-00161201 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00161201 Submitted on 10 Jul 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Dominique CLUZEL and Benoit VIGIER Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, ISTO, UMR 6113, University of Orleans, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France. [email protected] Running title: Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores Abstract Supergene nickel deposits of New Caledonia that have been formed in the Neogene by weathering of obducted ultramafic rocks are tightly controlled by fracture development. The relationship of tropical weathering and tectonic structures, faults and tension gashes, have been investigated in order to determine whether fractures have play a passive role only, as previously thought; or alternatively, if brittle tectonics was acting together with alteration. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Iron.Rich Amesite from the Lake Asbestos Mine. Black
Canodian Mineralogist Yol.22, pp. 43742 (1984) IRON.RICHAMESITE FROM THE LAKE ASBESTOS MINE. BLACKLAKE. OUEBEC MEHMET YEYZT TANER,* AND ROGER LAURENT DAporternentde Gdologie,Universitd Loval, Qudbec,Qudbec GIK 7P4 ABSTRACT o 90.02(1l)', P W.42(12)',1 89.96(8)'.A notreconnais- sance,c'est la premibrefois qu'on ddcritune am6site riche Iron-rich amesite is found in a metasomatically altered enfer. Elles'ct form€ependant l'altdration hydrothermale granite sheet20 to 40 cm thick emplacedin serpentinite of du granitedans la serpentinite,dans les m€mes conditions the Thetford Mi[es ophiolite complex at the Lake Asbestos debasses pression et temperaturequi ont prdsid6d la for- mine (z16o01'N,11"22' W) ntheQuebec Appalachians.The mation de la rodingite dansle granite et de I'amiante- amesiteis associatedsdth 4lodingife 6semblage(grossu- chrysotiledans la serpentinite. lar + calcite t diopside t clinozoisite) that has replaced the primary minerals of the granite. The Quebec amesite Mots-clds:am6site, rodingite, granite, complexeophio- occurs as subhedral grains 2@ to 6@ pm.in diameter that litique, Thetford Mines, Qu6bec. have a tabular habit. It is optically positive with a small 2V, a 1.612,1 1.630,(t -'o = 0.018).Its structuralfor- INTRoDUc"iloN mula, calculated from electron-microprobe data, is: (Mg1.1Fe6.eA1s.e)(Alo.esil.df Os(OH)r.2. X-ray powder- Amesite is a raxehydrated aluminosilicate of mag- diffraction yield data dvalues that are systematicallygreater nesium in which some ferrous iron usually is found than those of amesitefrom Chester, Massachusetts,prob- replacingmapesium. The extent of this replacement ably becauseof the partial replacement of Mg by Fe. -
7Th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014
MECC14 7th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014 16–19 SEPTEMBER 2014 • DRESDEN • GERMANY www.mecc2014.de PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTBOOK ©: fotolia.com/Erik Schuhmann Particle Size Analysis down to the Nanometer Range NEW: Laser Diffraction Analyzer HORIBA LA-960 The new HORIBA LA-960 quickly and accurately measures fine particles starting from 10 nm. An outstanding feature is its high flexibility which applies to both measuring range and sample feeding. The LA-960 offers the possibility to use different dispersing media: typically water or alcohol but also non- polar organic solvents. BENEFITS n Extremely wide measurement range from 10 nm to 5 mm n Wet and dry measurements possible n Analysis according to the Mie Scattering Theory (scattering and diffraction) n Analysis cycles: < 1 minute (from sample to sample) n Efficient circulation system incl. ultrasonic probe n Change of measuring cells in seconds www.retsch-technology.com Particle Characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis and Laser Scattering RETSCH TECHNOLOGY provides innovative optical measurement systems for particle characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis or Laser Diffraction. The instruments cover a measuring range from 0.3 nm to 30 mm and are suitable for the characterization of powders, granules, bulk materials, suspensions, emulsions and colloidal systems. CAMSIZER P4 CAMSIZER XT LA-960 LA-300 SZ-100 Dynamic Image Analysis Dynamic Image Analysis Laser Diffraction Laser Diffraction Photon Correlation 20 µm - 30 mm 1 µm - 3 mm 10 nm - 5 mm 0.1 µm - 600 µm Spectroscopy www.retsch.com/camsizerp4 www.retsch.com/camsizerxt www.retsch.com/la960 www.retsch.com/la300 0.3 nm - 8 µm www.retsch.com/sz100 Retsch Technology GmbH | Haan | Germany | Phone +49 2104 2333-300 | E-Mail: [email protected] WWW.RETSCH-TECHNOLOGY.COM Retsch Tech-Advert-GB-LA960-148x210-140522.indd 1 26.05.2014 10:58:33 Table of Contents Organisation and Imprint ..................................................................................................... -
Thermal and Infrared Studies of Garnierite from the Soroako Nickeliferous Laterite Deposit, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Indonesian Journal of Geology, Vol. 7 No. 2 June 2012: 77-85 Thermal and Infrared Studies of Garnierite from the Soroako Nickeliferous Laterite Deposit, Sulawesi, Indonesia Analisis Termal dan Inframerah Garnierit dari Endapan Laterit Nikel Saroako, Sulawesi, Indonesia SUFRIADIN1,3*, A. IDRUS1, S. PRAMUMIJOYO1, I W. WARMADA1, I. NUR1,3, A. IMAI2, A.M. IMRAN3, and KAHARUDDIN3 1Department of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Department of Earth Science and Technology, Akita University, Akita 010-8512, Japan 3Department of Geological Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia ABSTRACT Mineralogical characterization of some garnierite samples from Soroako have been conducted using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy methods. XRD patterns reveal the samples mainly containing the mixture of kerolite (talc-like phase) and serpentine with minor smectite, sepiolite, and silica. Thermal analyses of garnierite samples indicated by DTA curves are in good agreement with patterns that have been reported in literature. Three endothermic peaks normally occur in the ranges between 58º C and <800º C illustrating three steps of weight losses: adsorbed, bound, and hydroxyl/crystal water. One additional weight loss in low temperature region of sepiolite is corresponding to the lost of zeolitic water. Infrared spectra appeared in 3800 - 3200 cm-1 region generally exhibit broad absorption bands, indicating low crystallinities of studied samples and can be assigned to the presence of hydroxyl group bonded to octahedral coordina- tion mainly Mg atom. The bands observed at 1660 cm-1, 1639 cm-1, 1637 cm-1, and 1633 cm-1 in all samples indicate water molecules. FTIR spectra displaying the strong bands at 1045 cm-1, 1038 cm-1, and 1036 cm-1 could be related to the presence of Si-O-Si bonds linking to tetrahedral coordination. -
Clay Minerals Soils to Engineering Technology to Cat Litter
Clay Minerals Soils to Engineering Technology to Cat Litter USC Mineralogy Geol 215a (Anderson) Clay Minerals Clay minerals likely are the most utilized minerals … not just as the soils that grow plants for foods and garment, but a great range of applications, including oil absorbants, iron casting, animal feeds, pottery, china, pharmaceuticals, drilling fluids, waste water treatment, food preparation, paint, and … yes, cat litter! Bentonite workings, WY Clay Minerals There are three main groups of clay minerals: Kaolinite - also includes dickite and nacrite; formed by the decomposition of orthoclase feldspar (e.g. in granite); kaolin is the principal constituent in china clay. Illite - also includes glauconite (a green clay sand) and are the commonest clay minerals; formed by the decomposition of some micas and feldspars; predominant in marine clays and shales. Smectites or montmorillonites - also includes bentonite and vermiculite; formed by the alteration of mafic igneous rocks rich in Ca and Mg; weak linkage by cations (e.g. Na+, Ca++) results in high swelling/shrinking potential Clay Minerals are Phyllosilicates All have layers of Si tetrahedra SEM view of clay and layers of Al, Fe, Mg octahedra, similar to gibbsite or brucite Clay Minerals The kaolinite clays are 1:1 phyllosilicates The montmorillonite and illite clays are 2:1 phyllosilicates 1:1 and 2:1 Clay Minerals Marine Clays Clays mostly form on land but are often transported to the oceans, covering vast regions. Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)2 Kaolinite clays have long been used in the ceramic industry, especially in fine porcelains, because they can be easily molded, have a fine texture, and are white when fired. -
Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Genesis of Ion-Adsorption-Type REE Mineralization in the Lincang Pluton, SW China
minerals Article Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Genesis of Ion-Adsorption-Type REE Mineralization in the Lincang Pluton, SW China Lei Lu 1,2, Yan Liu 3,4,*, Huichuan Liu 5,*, Zhi Zhao 2, Chenghui Wang 2 and Xiaochun Xu 1 1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (X.X.) 2 MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (C.W.) 3 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China 4 Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing 100037, China 5 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (H.L.) Received: 3 November 2020; Accepted: 2 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Abstract: Granites are assumed to be the main source of heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs), which have important applications in modern society. However, the geochemical and petrographic characteristics of such granites need to be further constrained, especially as most granitic HREE deposits have undergone heavy weathering. The LC batholith comprises both fresh granite and ion-adsorption-type HREE deposits, and contains four main iRee (ion-adsorption-type REE) deposits: the Quannei (QN), Shangyun (SY), Mengwang (MW), and Menghai (MH) deposits, which provide an opportunity to elucidate these characteristics The four deposits exhibit light REE (LREE) enrichment, and the QN deposit is also enriched in HREEs. -
Swelling Capacity of Mixed Talc-Like/Stevensite Layers in White/Green Clay
This is a preprint, the final version is subject to change, of the American Mineralogist (MSA) Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6984 1 1 Plagcheck: no concerns 2 Tables?: 3 small 3 Word Count: ~9,100 4 Prod notes: make sure tables in file before RE 5 6 7 8 Swelling capacity of mixed talc-like/stevensite layers in white/green clay 9 infillings (‘deweylite’/‘garnierite’) from serpentine veins of faulted 10 peridotites, New Caledonia 11 REVISION 2 12 Lionel FONTENEAU 1, Laurent CANER 2*, Sabine PETIT 2, Farid JUILLOT 3, Florian 13 PLOQUIN 3, Emmanuel FRITSCH 3 14 15 1Corescan Pty Ltd, 1/127 Grandstand Road, 6104 Ascot, WA, Australia 16 2 Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 17 7285 CNRS, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France 18 * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 19 3 Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne 20 Universités – Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Museum National 21 d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR IRD 206, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, Anse Vata, 98848, 22 Nouméa, New Caledonia 23 24 25 Abstract: White (Mg-rich) and green (Ni-rich) clay infillings (‘deweylite’/‘garnierite’) found 26 in serpentine veins of faulted peridotite formations from New Caledonia consist of an intimate 27 mixture of fine-grained and poorly ordered 1:1 and 2:1 layer silicates, commonly referred to 28 as non-expandable serpentine-like (SL) and talc-like (TL) minerals. -
Cation Ordering and Pseudosymmetry in Layer Silicates'
I A merican M ineralogist, Volume60. pages175-187, 1975 Cation Ordering and Pseudosymmetryin Layer Silicates' S. W. BerI-nv Departmentof Geologyand Geophysics,Uniuersity of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin5 3706 Abstract The particular sequenceof sheetsand layers present in the structure of a layer silicate createsan ideal symmetry that is usually basedon the assumptionsof trioctahedralcompositions, no significantdistor- tion, and no cation ordering.Ordering oftetrahedral cations,asjudged by mean l-O bond lengths,has been found within the constraints of the ideal spacegroup for specimensof muscovite-3I, phengile-2M2, la-4 Cr-chlorite, and vermiculite of the 2-layer s type. Many ideal spacegroups do not allow ordering of tetrahedralcations because all tetrahedramust be equivalentby symmetry.This includesthe common lM micasand chlorites.Ordering oftetrahedral cations within subgroupsymmetries has not beensought very often, but has been reported for anandite-2Or, llb-2prochlorite, and Ia-2 donbassite. Ordering ofoctahedral cations within the ideal spacegroups is more common and has been found for muscovite-37, lepidolite-2M", clintonite-lM, fluoropolylithionite-lM,la-4 Cr-chlorite, lb-odd ripidolite, and vermiculite. Ordering in subgroup symmetries has been reported l-oranandite-2or, IIb-2 prochlorite, and llb-4 corundophilite. Ordering in local out-of-step domains has been documented by study of diffuse non-Bragg scattering for the octahedral catlons in polylithionite according to a two-dimensional pattern and for the interlayer cations in vermiculite over a three-cellsuperlattice. All dioctahedral layer silicates have ordered vacant octahedral sites, and the locations of the vacancies change the symmetry from that of the ideal spacegroup in kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, and la-2 donbassite Four new structural determinations are reported for margarite-2M,, amesile-2Hr,cronstedtite-2H", and a two-layercookeite. -
Cr3+ in Phyllosilicates
Mineral Spectroscopy: A Tribute to Roger G. Bums © The Geochemical Society, Special Publication No.5, ]996 Editors: M. D. Dyar, C. McCammon and M. W. Schaefer 3 Cr + in phyllosilicates: Influence of the nature of coordinating ligands and their next cationic neighbors on the crystal field parameters I 2 2 A. N. PLATONOV , K. LANGER , M. ANDRUT .3, G. CALAS4 'Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation, Academy of Science of Ukraine, 252680 Kiev, Ukraine 2Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Technical University, D-10623 Berlin, Germany 3GeoForschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Deutschland "Laboratoire de Mineralogie et de Cristallographie, Universite de Paris 6 et 7, F-7525l Paris, France 3 Abstract- The electronic absorption spectra of Cr + -bearing clinochlore (I, kammererite), amesite (II), muscovite (III, fuchsite), dickite (IV), and montmorillonite (V, volkonskite) analysed by electron microprobe were obtained on single crystals. Microscope-spectrometric techniques and polarized radiation in the spectral range 10000-38000 cm " (I, II, III) or (on fine grained material) diffuse reflectance spectrometry in the spectral range 8000-50000 cm-I (IV, V) were used. The ligand field theoretical evaluation of the spectra showed the following: (i) The fl.o = 10Dq = f(1/R5) relation, wherein fl.o is the octahedral crystal field parameter and R the mean cation ligand distance, is valid within each series of layer silicates containing octahedral Cr3+ either in a trioctahedral layer (I, II and phlogopite) or in a dioctahedral layer (III, IV, V). Between the two functions, fl.o.trioct = f(1lR~ioct) and fl.o.di=t = f(1/R~ioct), there exists an energy difference of about 2200 em -I.