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Syntectonic Mobility of Supergene Nickel Ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific)
Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Dominique Cluzel, Benoit Vigier To cite this version: Dominique Cluzel, Benoit Vigier. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins.. Resource Geology, Wiley- Blackwell publishing, 2008, 58 (2), pp.161 - 170. 10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00053.x. hal-00161201 HAL Id: hal-00161201 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00161201 Submitted on 10 Jul 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Dominique CLUZEL and Benoit VIGIER Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, ISTO, UMR 6113, University of Orleans, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France. [email protected] Running title: Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores Abstract Supergene nickel deposits of New Caledonia that have been formed in the Neogene by weathering of obducted ultramafic rocks are tightly controlled by fracture development. The relationship of tropical weathering and tectonic structures, faults and tension gashes, have been investigated in order to determine whether fractures have play a passive role only, as previously thought; or alternatively, if brittle tectonics was acting together with alteration. -
Microstructures and Interlayering in Pyrophyllite from the Coastal Range of Central Chile: Evidence of a Disequilibrium Assemblage
Clay Minerals (2004) 39,439–452 Microstructures and interlayering in pyrophyllite from the Coastal Range of central Chile: evidence of a disequilibrium assemblage 1, 2 3 2 2 M. D. RUIZ C RUZ *,D. M ORATA ,E. P UGA ,L. A GUIRRE AND M. VERGARA 1 Departamento de Quı´mica Inorga´nica, Cristalografı´a y Mineralogı´a, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Ma´laga, 29071 Ma´laga, Spain, 2 Departamento de Geologı´a, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla, 803, Santiago, Chile, and 3 Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (C.S.I.C.-U.G.R.), Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain (Received 5 December 2003; revised 19 April 2004) ABSTRACT: Pyrophyllite from a Triassic sedimentary formation from the Coastal Range of Chile has been investigated by transmission/analytical electron microscopy (TEM/AEM). The mineral assemblage includes pyrophyllite,muscovite,paragonite,a kaolin mineral,boehmite,rutile and hematite. The textures indicate that the protolith was a volcanoclastic rock. Petrographic evidence, chemistry,and the mineral assemblage suggest the intense leaching of the parent rock by a weathering process,before the metamorphic episode,to create the protolith for the pyrophyllite. Pyrophyllite always grows from the kaolin mineral,and both phases show close orientation relationships. The presence of parallel intergrowths of pyrophyllite and muscovite indicate that muscovite also grew from the kaolin mineral. Nevertheless,the composition of muscovite suggests that this phase must also form from another precursor,probably Al smectite. The AEM data and textural relationships between pyrophyllite and muscovite reveal the presence of two generations of muscovite and suggest that Na-rich muscovite recrystallized into a Na-free muscovite and paragonite. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Charlesite, a New Mineral of the Ettringite Group, from Franklin, New Jersey
American Mineralogist, Volume 68, pages 1033-1037,1983 Charlesite, a new mineral of the ettringite group, from Franklin, New Jersey PBre J. DuxN Department of Mineral Sciences SmithsonianInstitution, Washington,D. C. 20560 DoNero R. Peecon Department of GeologicalSciences University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 PBrnn B. LBavBNs Departmentof Geology Universityof Delaware, Newark, Delaware l97ll eNo JonN L. Beuu Franklin Mineral Museum Franklin. New Jersey 07416 Abstract Charlesite,ideally C4(AI,Si)z(SO4)2(B(OH)4)(OH,O)r2.26H2Ois a member of the ettrin- gite group from Franklin, New Jersey, and is the Al analogueof sturmanite. Chemical analysisyielded CaO27.3, Al2O3 5.1, SiO2 3.1, SO3 12.8,B2o33.2, H2O 48.6, sum : 100.1 percent.-Charlesiteis hexagonal,probable spacegroup P3lc, with a = ll.16(l), c = 21.21(2)4. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder difraction pattern (d, IlIo, hkl) are: 9.70,100, 100;5.58, 80, 110;3.855,80, ll4;2.749,70,304;2.538,70,126;2.193,70,2261 404. Charlesite occurs as simple hexagonal crystals tabular on {0001} and has a perfect {10T0}cleavage. The densityis 1.77glcm3 (obs.) and 1.79glcms (calc.). Optically, charlesite is uniaxial( -) with a : | .492(3)and e : 1.475(3).It occurswith clinohedrite,ganophyllite, xonotlite, prehnite, roeblingite and other minerals in severalparageneses at Franklin, New Jersey. Charlesite is named in honor of the late Professor Charles Palache. Introduction were approved, prior to publication, by the Commission Minerals and Mineral Names. I. M. A. The An ettringite-like mineral was first described from on New specimenwas divided into three portions. -
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis. -
Thermal Annealing and Phase Transformation of Serpentine-Like Garnierite
minerals Article Thermal Annealing and Phase Transformation of Serpentine-Like Garnierite Arun Kumar 1,2 , Michele Cassetta 1, Marco Giarola 3, Marco Zanatta 4 , Monique Le Guen 5, Gian Domenico Soraru 6 and Gino Mariotto 1,* 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (M.C.) 2 CNR-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Agrate Brianza, 20864 Agrate, Italy 3 Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche (CPT), University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy; [email protected] 5 Innovation Technology Direction, ERAMET IDEAS, 78190 Trappes, France; [email protected] 6 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This study is focused on the vibrational and microstructural aspects of the thermally induced transformation of serpentine-like garnierite into quartz, forsterite, and enstatite occur- ring at about 620 ◦C. Powder specimens of garnierite were annealed in static air between room temperature and 1000 ◦C. The kinetic of the transformation was investigated by means of thermo- gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and the final product was extensively characterized via micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our study shows that serpentine-like garnierite consists of a mixture of different mineral species. Furthermore, these garnierites and their compo- sition can provide details based on the mineralogy and the crystalline phases resulting from the thermal treatment. Citation: Kumar, A.; Cassetta, M.; Giarola, M.; Zanatta, M.; Le Guen, M.; Keywords: garnierite; phase transformation; TGA/DSC; XRD; micro-Raman spectroscopy Soraru, G.D.; Mariotto, G. -
Thermal and Infrared Studies of Garnierite from the Soroako Nickeliferous Laterite Deposit, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Indonesian Journal of Geology, Vol. 7 No. 2 June 2012: 77-85 Thermal and Infrared Studies of Garnierite from the Soroako Nickeliferous Laterite Deposit, Sulawesi, Indonesia Analisis Termal dan Inframerah Garnierit dari Endapan Laterit Nikel Saroako, Sulawesi, Indonesia SUFRIADIN1,3*, A. IDRUS1, S. PRAMUMIJOYO1, I W. WARMADA1, I. NUR1,3, A. IMAI2, A.M. IMRAN3, and KAHARUDDIN3 1Department of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Department of Earth Science and Technology, Akita University, Akita 010-8512, Japan 3Department of Geological Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia ABSTRACT Mineralogical characterization of some garnierite samples from Soroako have been conducted using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy methods. XRD patterns reveal the samples mainly containing the mixture of kerolite (talc-like phase) and serpentine with minor smectite, sepiolite, and silica. Thermal analyses of garnierite samples indicated by DTA curves are in good agreement with patterns that have been reported in literature. Three endothermic peaks normally occur in the ranges between 58º C and <800º C illustrating three steps of weight losses: adsorbed, bound, and hydroxyl/crystal water. One additional weight loss in low temperature region of sepiolite is corresponding to the lost of zeolitic water. Infrared spectra appeared in 3800 - 3200 cm-1 region generally exhibit broad absorption bands, indicating low crystallinities of studied samples and can be assigned to the presence of hydroxyl group bonded to octahedral coordina- tion mainly Mg atom. The bands observed at 1660 cm-1, 1639 cm-1, 1637 cm-1, and 1633 cm-1 in all samples indicate water molecules. FTIR spectra displaying the strong bands at 1045 cm-1, 1038 cm-1, and 1036 cm-1 could be related to the presence of Si-O-Si bonds linking to tetrahedral coordination. -
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THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, VOL. 52, SEPTEMSER_OCTOBER, 1967 NEW MINERAL NAMES Mrcn,rBr F-r-Brscnnn Lonsdaleite Cr.u'lonn FnoNoer. lNn Uxsule B. MenvrN (1967) Lonsdaleite, a hexagonai polymorph oi diamond. N atwe 214, 587-589. The residue (about 200 e) from the solution of 5 kg of the Canyon Diablo meteorite was found to contain about a dozen black cubes and cubo-octahedrons up to about 0.7 mm in size. They were found to consist of a transparent substance coated by graphite. X-ray data showed the material to be hexagonal, rvith o 2.51, c 4.12, c/a I.641. The strongest X-ray lines are 2.18 (4)(1010), 2.061 (10)(0002), r.257 (6)(1120), and 1.075 (3)(rrr2). Electron probe analysis showed only C. It is accordingly the hexagonal (2H) dimorph of diamond. Fragments under the microscope were pale brownish-yellow, faintly birefringent, a slightly higher than 2.404. The hexagonal dimorph is named lonsdaleite for Prof. Kathleen Lonsdale, distin- guished British crystallographer. It has been synthesized by the General Electric co. and by the DuPont Co. and has also been reported in the Canyon Diablo and Goalpara me- teorites by R. E. Hanneman, H. M. Strong, and F. P. Bundy of General Electric Co. lSci.enc e, 155, 995-997 (1967) l. The name was approved before publication by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, IMA. Roseite J. OrrnueNn nNl S. S. Aucusrrtnrs (1967) Geochemistry and origin of "platinum- nuggets" in lateritic covers from ultrabasic rocks and birbirites otW.Ethiopia. -
NOTE Synthesis of a Regularly Interstratified 2:1 Margarite And
Clay Minerals (1998) 33, 363–367 NOTE Synthesis of a regularly interstratified 2:1 margarite and beidellite (34 A˚ phase) Regularly interstratified mica-smectites and The conditions of composition and temperature chlorite-smectites have been synthesized by Ueda under which the 34 A˚ phase formed as a single & Sudo (1966), Frank-Kamenetskij et al. (1972), phase were fairly limited. The compositions ranged Matsuda & Henmi (1973, 1974)and by Eberl from margarite to margarite and beidellite in a ratio (1978). Only a few studies have been carried out, of 2:1. The temperatures were 400À5008C, and run however, on regularly interstratified minerals whose durations were >2 weeks. The 25 A˚ phase often spacings exceed 30 A˚ (Lazarenko & Korolev, 1970; formed during short runs despite the optimal Sato & Kizaki, 1972). compositions for formation of the 34 A˚ phase. Regularly interstratified minerals with basal Experimental results at 4508C are shown in a ˚ ˚ spacings of 25 A and 30 A have been synthesized triangular diagram of CaOÀAl2O3ÀSiO2 with from kaolinite by means of hydrothermal treatments starting compositions (Fig. 1). As a Ca starting ˚ and by the addition of various oxides or carbonates material, CaCO3 formed the 34 A phase within a (Matsuda & Henmi, 1974, 1983). In these studies a shorter time than did CaO. Compositions richer in phase with a basal spacing of 33À34 A˚ was Ca and Al than ideal margarite led to margarite accompanied by a 25 A˚ mineral after hydrothermal formation at 400À5008C, and to the formation of treatment of kaolinite plus calcium carbonate. The the 25 A˚ phase and boehmite at lower temperatures. -
Lii Foi - Ifil Rhkl = ---'--'---'---'--'-' = 0.15
Mineral. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 2, 111-115 (1969). JOESMITHITE: A NOVEL AMPHIBOLE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY PAUL B. MOORE Department oj the Geophysical Sciences, University oj Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ABSTRACT Joesmithite, a 9.885 (15), b 17.875 (18), c 5.227 (5) A, B 105.67 (17)0, P2/a, is a beryllo-silicate clinoamphibole 3 with composition (Ca,Pb)Ca2(Mg,Fe'+,Fe +),[Si,Be20,,] (OH)2, Z = 2. One out of four tetrahedra in the asymmetric unit is occupied by beryllium, at the cross-linking site in one of the pyroxene chain sub-units. The A site is not centered but displaced 0.6 A along the two-fold rotor and toward the beryllate tetrahedron. It is suggested that a coupled relationship exists between A' (the off-centered A site) and Be, a condition ensuring reasonable charge balance around their mutual anions. The A' and Be atomic species lower the symmetry of the crystal: though joesmithite is topologically akin to the C-centered c1inoamphiboles, its chemical contents are somewhat different. The lower symmetry induced by these atomic species probably accounts for the unequal octahedral cation distribution, which was assessed by least-squares analysis of three-dimensional single-crystal X-ray data. INTRODUCTION TABLE 1. JOESMITHITE. CRYSTAL CELL Joesmithite, a new mineral discovered by the author three years ago, proved to be related to the clinoamphibole a 9.885(15) A b mineral group. This mineral has been previously reported 17.875(18) 5.227(5) in two papers, one which describes the species for the first (3 105. -
The Challenges of Li Determination in Minerals: a Comparison of Stoichiometrically Determined Li by EPMA with Direct Measurement by LA-ICP-MS and Handheld LIBS
The challenges of Li determination in minerals: A comparison of stoichiometrically determined Li by EPMA with direct measurement by LA-ICP-MS and handheld LIBS Robin Armstrong (NHM) THE TEAM & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • This work was carried out as part of the WP2 of the FAME project • The “analysts”: John Spratt & Yannick Buret (NHM) and Andrew Somers (SciAps) • The “mineralogists”: Fernando Noronha &Violeta Ramos (UP), Mario Machado Leite (LNEG), Jens Anderson, Beth Simmons & Gavyn Rollinson (CSM), Chris Stanley, Alla Dolgopolova, Reimar Seltmann & Mike Rumsey* (NHM) • Literature mineral data is taken from Mindat, Webmineral and DHZ • Robin Armstrong ([email protected]) INTRODUCTION • The analytical problems of Li • Whole Rock analysis (WR) • Examples and is it safe to make mineralogical assumptions on the base of WR • Li Mineral analysis • Li-minerals overview • Li-minerals examined • EPMA • LA-ICP-MS • LIBS • Summary and thoughts for the future LITHIUM ORES ARE POTENTIALLY COMPLEX 50mm • Li-bearing phases identified: • Lepidolite, Amblygonite-Montebrasite Li = 1.17 wt% group, Lithiophosphate(tr) and Petalite WHOLE ROCK ANALYSIS (Li ASSAYS) • Li is not that straight forward to analyse in whole rock • Its low mass means that there are low fluorescence yields and long wave-length characteristic radiation rule out lab-based XRF and pXRF • We cannot use conventional fluxes as these are generally Li- based • We can use “older” non Li fluxes such as Na2O2 but then there maybe contamination issues in the instruments • We can use multi-acid digests (HF+HNO3+HClO4 digestion with HCl-leach) (FAME used the ALS ME-MS61) however there may still be contamination issues and potentially incomplete digestion. -
Swelling Capacity of Mixed Talc-Like/Stevensite Layers in White/Green Clay
This is a preprint, the final version is subject to change, of the American Mineralogist (MSA) Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6984 1 1 Plagcheck: no concerns 2 Tables?: 3 small 3 Word Count: ~9,100 4 Prod notes: make sure tables in file before RE 5 6 7 8 Swelling capacity of mixed talc-like/stevensite layers in white/green clay 9 infillings (‘deweylite’/‘garnierite’) from serpentine veins of faulted 10 peridotites, New Caledonia 11 REVISION 2 12 Lionel FONTENEAU 1, Laurent CANER 2*, Sabine PETIT 2, Farid JUILLOT 3, Florian 13 PLOQUIN 3, Emmanuel FRITSCH 3 14 15 1Corescan Pty Ltd, 1/127 Grandstand Road, 6104 Ascot, WA, Australia 16 2 Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 17 7285 CNRS, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France 18 * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 19 3 Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne 20 Universités – Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Museum National 21 d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR IRD 206, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, Anse Vata, 98848, 22 Nouméa, New Caledonia 23 24 25 Abstract: White (Mg-rich) and green (Ni-rich) clay infillings (‘deweylite’/‘garnierite’) found 26 in serpentine veins of faulted peridotite formations from New Caledonia consist of an intimate 27 mixture of fine-grained and poorly ordered 1:1 and 2:1 layer silicates, commonly referred to 28 as non-expandable serpentine-like (SL) and talc-like (TL) minerals.