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Home , Anandite, Bityite, Ephesite, Hendricksite, Margarite, Pecoraite

American Minetralogist, Volume 65, pages 1-7, 1980

Summary of recommendations of AIPEA nomenclature committee on clay

S. W. BAILEY, CHAIRMAN1 Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madi~on, Wisconsin 53706

Introduction This summary of the recommendations made to Because of their small particle sizes and v~riable date by the international nomenclature committees degrees of crystal perfection, it is not surprisi4g that has been prepared in order to achieve wider dissemi- clay minerals proved extremely difficult to character- nation of the decisions reached and to aid clay scien- ize adequately prior to the development of ~odem tists in the correct usage of clay nomenclature. Some analytical techniques. Problems in charactetization of the material in the present summary has been led quite naturally to problems in nomenclatute, un- taken from an earlier summary by Bailey et al. doubtedly more so than for the macroscopic~ more (1971a). crystalline minerals. The popular adoption ~ the early 1950s of the X-ray powder diffractometer for Classification . clay studies helped to solve some of the probl ms of Agreement was reached early in the international identification. Improvements in electron micro copy, discussions that a sound nomenclatur~ is necessarily electron diffraction and oblique texture electr ;n dif- based on a satisfactory classification scheme. For this fraction, infrared and DT A equipment, the de elop- reason, the earliest and most extensive efforts of the ment of nuclear and isotope technology, of high- several national nomenclature committees have been speed electronic computers, of Mossbauer spec rome- expended on classification schemes. Existing schemes ters, and most recently of the electron micr probe were collated and discussed (see Brown, 1955, Mac- and scanning electron microscope all have ai ed in kenzie, 1959, and Pedro, 1967, for examples), sym- the accumulation of factual information on clays. posia were held at national meetings, and polls were This, in turn, should facilitate eventual agreem nt on taken of clay scientists in 32 countries as to their the nomenclature of clays. preferences. Armed with these data, the international Probably the earliest attempt by clay scient sts fo representatives have been able to agree upon most reach agreement on nomenclature and classifi ation features of a broadly based scheme for the phyllosill- on an international basis was at the Interna ional . cates as a whole (Mackenzie, 1965a,b; Brindley, Soil Congress held in Amsterdam in 1950 (B dley 1967). et al., 1951). Since that time national Nomenc ature Table 1 gives the classification scheme in its pres- Committees have been established in many oun- ent form. The phyllosilicates are divided into groups, tries. Recommendations from these national roups each containing dioctahedral and trioctahedral sub- have been considered every three years at the nter- groups. Each sub-group in turn is divided into min- national Clay Conferences, first by the Nomenc ature eral species. This subdivision corresponds to succes- Sub-Committee of CIPEA(Comite Internationa Pour sive stages of refinement in the identification process. l'Etude des Argiles) and since 1966 by the N men- It is anticipated that the precise definitions of the clature Committee of AIPEA (Association nter- groups and sub-groups and their names will evolve . nationale Pour l'Etude des Argiles). These ter- and change with time. This table differs from pre- national committees in turn have worked closel with viously published versions in two respects. Smectite the Commission on New Minerals and M.neral has now been accepted as the group name for clay N ames of the IMA (International Mineralogic 1 As- minerals with. layer charge between 0.2. and 0.6 per sociation). formula unit. This decision, made at the 1975 Mexico City meeting (Brindley and Pedro, 1976), was based Ifor the AIPEA Nomenclature Committee: A. Alietti (Ita y), G. on increased usage world-wide of this name rather W. Brindley (U.S.A.), M. L. L. Formosa (Brazil), K. Jasm nd (F. R. Germany), J. Konta (Czechoslovakia), R. C. Mac enzie than of the alternate dual name of - (U.K.), K. Nagasawa (Japan), R. A. Rausell-Colom (Spa. ), and for the group. Dual names still exist for the B. B. Zvyagin (U.S.S.R.). -serpentine and - groups. 0003-004X/80/0 102-000 1$02.00 I ---~--

2 BAILEY: AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE

Table 1. Classification scheme for phyllosilicates related to clay minerals

Group Layer (x=charge per Type f-;rmula unit) Subgroup Species*

1:1 Kaolinite-serpentine Kaolinite Kaolinite, , x 'V 0 Serpentine , lizardite,

Pyrophyllite-ta1c Pyrophyllite Pyrophy11ite x 'V 0 Talc Talc

Smectite Dioctahedra1 smectite Montmorillonite, beidellite x 'V 0.2-0.6 Trioctahedral smectite Saponite, ,

Vermiculite Dioctahedra1 Dioctahedra1 vermiculite ~ 'V 0.6-0.9 Trioctahedra1 vermiculite Trioctahedral vermiculite 2:1 Micall Dioctahedra1 , x 'V 1 Trioctahedral mica Ph10gopite, ,

Brittle mica Dioctahedral brittle mica x 'V 2 Trioctahedral brittle mica C1intonite,

Chlorite Dioctahedra1 chlorite Donbassite x variable Di:trioctahedra1 chlorite Cookeite, sudoite Trioctahedra1 chlorite Clinochlore, , nimite

*On1y a few examples are given

#The status of (or hydromica), sericite, etc. must be left open at present, because it is not clear whether or at what level they would enter the Table: many materials so designated maybe interstratified.

Suggested names of kandite and septechlorite for the terlayer bonding or of certain resultant physical kaolin and serpentine minerals, respectively, have properties. Thus, it does not require a category of not been approved by the AIPEA Committee, and "pseudo-layer " for minerals, such as paly- should not be used. The second change is to treat gorskite and , that do not possess marked chlorite as consisting of a 2: 1 layer plus an interlayer basal cleavages. The criterion of a continuous tet- sheet, rather than as a 2: 1: 1 or 2: 2 layer rahedral sheet does exclude "quasi-layer silicates," type. This emphasizes the similarity of chlorite to such as astrophyllite, lamprophyllite, bafertisite, and other clay minerals containing interlayer material haradaite, in which 5-fold or 6-fold coordinated (Brindley and Pedro, 1972). groups interrupt the continuity of the tetrahedral net.

Definition of phyllosiUcate Standardization of structural terms Table 1 assumes a specific definition of a phyllo- At the 1975 Mexico City meeting the AIPEA N 0- (or layer silicate). This definition was dis- menclature Committee noted that "lattice" and cussed most recently at the AIPEA Nomenclature "structure" continue to be misused by authors and Committee meeting held in Madrid in 1972, at which speakers. A "lattice" is not synonymous with "struc- a 1969 definition was modified. The present defini- ture," but is a uniform distribution of points in space tion (Brindley and Pedro, 1972) states "Clay minerals (e.g. the 14 Bravais lattices). The terms "layer lattice" belong to the family of phyllosilicates and contain and "Schichtgitter" are incorrect and should not be continuous two-dimensional tetrahedral sheets of used. Layer structure, layer silicate, and phyllosili- composition T 205 (T = Si, AI, Be, ...) with tetrahedra cate are acceptable terms (Brindley, 1967; Brindley linked by sharing three comers of each, and with the and Pedro, 1976). fourth comer pointing in any direction. The tetrahe- In 1972 the Committee agreed upon usage of the dral sheets are linked in the unit structure to octahe- terms "plane," "sheet," "layer," "unit structure," and dral sheets, or to groups of coordinated cations, or in- their equivalents in other languages (Brindley and dividual cations." The present definition is based on PedrQ, 1972). Recommended usage is as a single the nature of the silicate parts of the structure, and plane of atoms, a tetrahedral or octahedral sheet, and does not include previous requirements of weaker in- a 1: 1 . or 2: 1 layer. Thus, plane, sheet, and layer refer BAILEY: AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE 3

Table 2. Structural terms of reference and their equivalents in different languages

Spanish English French German . Russian Italian plane plan Ebene ITJIOCKOCTb plano plano

sheet couche Schicht CETKA capa strato

layer feuillet Schichtpaket OJIOIll estrato 0 pacchet to paquete (de capas)

interlayer espace Zwischenschicht MEJKOJIOEBOW material interlaminar inters trato interfoliaire nPOMEJKYTOK (Me)l(cnoi-i) unit structure unite structurale Struktur Einheit ITAKET unidad estructural unita strutturale

to increasingly thicker arrangements. A sheet is a (2) "In general, polytypes should not receive indi- combination of planes and a layer is a combination vidual names. Instead, a set of related poly- of sheets. In addition, layers may be separated from types should be designated by a single name followed one another by various interlayer materials, including by a structural symbol suffix that defines the layer cations, hydrated cations, organic molecules, and hy- stacking differences." A recommended system of droxide octahedral groups and sheets. The total as- structural symbols is described in the report. sembly of a layer plus interlayer material is referred (3) "Polytype mineral names already in existence to as a unit structure. Table 2 lists the equivalent that have international acceptance and serve a useful terms in other languages, as modified at the 1978 Ox- function need not be discarded. Decision on reten- ford meeting. tion of individual names should be the responsibility The terms "talc layer" and "brucite sheet" are not of the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Min- suitable for describing the component parts of the eral Names." chlorite structure, because the minerals talc and bru- (4) "It is recommended that X, Y, Z, or [100], cite permit very little substitution of Mg by AI, which [010], [001] be used for directions of crystallographic is an essential feature of trioctahedral chlorites. It is axes and a, b, c for the repeat distances along these recommended that 2: 1 layer be used in place of "talc axes. " layer" and hydroxide sheet or interlayer sheet in place of "brucite sheet" (Brindley and Pedro, 1972). It is Interstratifications and non-crystalline materials permissible to write brucite-like or brucitic or gibbsite- No general agreement has been reached yet as to like or gibbsitic if one wishes to specify the tri- preferred terminology for interstratified minerals, ex- octahedral or 4ioctahedral nature of the interlayer. cept that the material should be characterized fully Attention is drawn also to the report of the IMA- as to degree of regularity or irregularity of the inter- IUCr Joint Committee on Nomenclature (Bailey, stratification and that it should be described in terms 1977), in which the following recommendations will of the nature and ratios of the component layers. The be of special interest to clay scientists. These recom- best descriptive terms for those layers are still in mendations have been approved by the AIPEA No- question. At the 1972 Madrid meeting the Com- menclature Committee. mittee recommended that specific names not be given (1) Polytypism is defined as "the phenomenon of to poorly defined materials, such as irregularly inter- the existence of an element or compound in two or stratified systems, to imperfect structures (e.g. dew- more layer-like crystal structures that differ in layer eylite and aquacreptite), or to non-crystalline con- stacking sequences. The layers need not be crystallo- stituents. Special names can be given to regularly graphically identical, but should be similar. Poly- interstratified minerals, subject to acceptance by the typism differs from polymorphism (in the present AIPEANomenclature Committee and the IMA Com- and strict definition of the latter term) in permitting mission on New Minerals and Mineral Names small differences in chemical composition between (Brindley and Pedro, 1972). Names already in the lit- structures, not to exceed 0.25 atoms per formula unit erature at that time were rectorite for a regular 1: 1 of any constituent element. Layer structures that dif- interstratification of dioctahedral paragonite-smec- fer from one another by more than this amount are tite (Brown and Weir, 1963), corrensite for a regular to be called polytypoids rather than polytypes." 1: 1 interstratification of trioctahedral chlorite- "swel- ---~-~-

4 BAILEY: AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE ling chlorite" (Lippmann, 1954), tosudite for a regu- chamosite for Fe2+-dominant [end member = lar 1: 1 interstratification of dioctahedral chlorite- (Fe;+ Al)(Si)Al)OIO(OH)s], nimite for Ni-dominant smectite (Frank-Kamenetskii et al., 1963; Shimoda, [end member = (NisAl)(Si3Al)OIO(OH)8]' and pen- 1969), and aUettite for a regular 1: 1 interstratification nantite for Mn2+ -dominant [end member = of trioctahedral talc-saponite (Veniale and van der (Mn;+ Al)(Si3Al)OlO(OH)s]. All other species and va- Marel, 1969). The IMA Commission on New Miner- rietal names should be discarded because arbitrary als and Mineral Names has disapproved the name subdivisions according to octahedral and tetrahedral sangarite for a regular 1: 1 interstratification of tri- compositions have been shown to have little or no octahedral chlorite-vermiculite (Drits and Kos- structural significance. Tetrahedral compositions and sovskaya, 1963), and has approved the name taraso- trivalent octahedral cations are not considered in the vite for a regular 3 : 1 interstratification of recommended species names, nor is the distribution dioctahedral mica-smectite (Lazarenko and Korolev, of octahedral cations between the 2: 1 layer and the 1970). The AIPEA Nomenclature Committee has interlayer. Adjectival modifiers, such as those of taken no action as yet on specific names for regular Schaller (1930), may be used to indicate either im- interstratifications. portant octahedral cations other than the dominant The CIPEANomenclature Sub-Committee at its Je- cati~n or unusual tetrahedral compositions. Bayliss rusalem meeting (Brindley, 1967) agreed unani- (1975) gives modifiers appropriate for many of the mously that the term "non-crystalline" is preferable chlorite species listed in other nomenclature systems. to the commonly used term "amorphous." It was rec- ommended strongly that specific names not be given ImogoUte to newly discovered non-crystalline minerals, but The Committee at its 1969 Tokyo meeting that they be described so far as possible in terms of (Brindley and Pedro, 1970) approved the name their chemical composition. Names may be chosen imogoUte for a hydrous alumino silicate having a fine later if it becomes apparent that particular ranges of thread-like morphology and the diffraction charac- chemical composition exist for these minerals. teristics described by Wada and Yoshinaga (1969) and by others. Specific phyUosilicate names Dioctahedral chlorite Halloysite The Committee has recommended (Brindley and The 1975 AIPEA Nomenclature Committee re- Pedro, 1970) that the be subdivided viewed the several terminologies in use for the less into the three sub-groups dioctahedral chlorite, hydrous and the more hydrous forms of halloysite. di,trioctahedral chlorite, and trioctahedral chlorite The terms halloysite(7A) and halloysite(lOA) were (Table 1). Dioctahedral chlorite is dioctahedral in recommended for general usage as being least ambig- both the 2: 1 layer and the interlayer hydroxide sheet. uous (Brindley and Pedro, 1976). The term endelUte An example is donbassite (Lazarenko, 1940). Tri- should not be used. octahedral chlorite is trioctahedral in both octahedral sheets. A di,trioctahedral chlorite is dioctahedral in the 2: 1 layer but trioctahedral in the interlayer sheet. The 1978 AIPEANomenclature Committee has de- Cookeite and sudoite are examples, with cookeite fined celadonite as a dioctahedral mica of ideal com- being Li-rich and sudoite Li-poor. No examples are position KMgFe3+Si.OlO(OH)2 but allowing a tet- known as yet of chlorites with trioctahedral 2: 1 lay- rahedral Al (or Fe3+) range of 0.0 to about 0.2 atoms ers but dioctahedral interlayers. per formula unit. Substantial octahedral variations from this formula can be described by adjectival Trioctahedral chlorite modifiers, such as aluminian celadonite or ferroan At the 1978 Oxford meeting the AIPEANomencla- celadonite. Further characteristics of celadonite are ture Committee adopted the suggestion of Bayliss d(060) < 1.510A and sharp infrared spectra, as de- (1975) for simplification of chlorite nomenclature. scribed by Buckley et ale (1978). There is an area of Trioctahedral chlorites. should be named according potential overlap of celadonite and analy- to the dominant divalent octahedral cation present. ses between about Allv = 0.17 to 0.20 atoms. For Recommended species names are cUnochlore for Mg- compositions near this boundary and for cases where dominant [end member = (MgsAl)(Si3Al)OlO(OH)s], analytical errors or impurities are suspected, appli- BAILEY: AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE 5

cation of the other identification criteria are espe- et al., 1967), is described better as a true mica with a cially important. layer charge per formula unit of unity. The name has priority over attapulgite Glauconite for the mineral with ribbon-like structure in which the ribbons have a width of two pyroxene-like chains Buckley et ale (1978) have shown that with careful (Bailey et al., 1971b). purification and modern analytical techniques there The name anauxite has been discredited. It is a is little or no overlap between celadonite and glauco- mixture of components, of which the kaolin com- nite compositions and that the two minerals can be ponent is true kaolinite (Langston and Pask, 1968; differentiated also by d(060) values and infrared Allen et al., 1969; Bailey and Langston, 1969). spectra. The 1978 AIPEA Nomenclature Committee Medmontite is a mixture of and mica, has defined glauconite as an Fe-rich dioctahedral and the name should be discarded (Chukhrov et al., mica with tetrahedral Al (or Fe3+) usually greater 1968, 1969; Fleischer, 1969a). than 0.2 atoms per formula unit and octahedral R3+ Nimite is the preferred term for the trioctahedral correspondingly greater than 1.2 atoms. A general- chlorite with Ni dominant (Hiemstra and de Waal, ized formula is K(R~~3~~7)(Si3.67AIo.33)OlO(OH)2with Fe3+ » Al and Mg > Fe2+(unless altered). Further 1968a). Specimens previously termed schuchardite have Ni < Mg (Fleischer, 1969b), and should be characteristics of glauconite are d(060) > 1.510A and called nickeloan clinochlore. Brindley and De Souza (usually) broader infrared spectra than celadonite, as (1975) also have shown that some "schuchardites" described by Buckley et ale (1978). The species are transitional between chlorite and vermiculite. glauconite is single-phase and ideally is non-inter- is the preferred term for a 1: 1 layer stratified. Mixtures containing an -rich mica as a type mineral that is the Mn2+-analogue of . major component can be called glauconitic. Speci- The name bementite, sometimes used for the former mens with expandable layers can be described as mineral, has priority for a Mn-rich mineral that be- randomly interstratified glauconite-smectite. Mode longs to the friedelite group of minerals and is not a of origin is not a criterion, and a green fecal pellet in layer silicate (Kato, 1963). a marine sediment that meets the definition for ce- The name rectorite has priority over allevardite for ladonite should be called celadonite. a regular 1: 1 interstratification of paragonite-smec- tite (Brown and Weir, 1963). Miscellaneous Sungulite and kolskite are mixtures of lizardite and Attention is drawn here to recommendations made sepiolite, and the names should be discarded (Iva- by other nomenclature committees, although not spe- nova et al., 1973). cifically considered by the AIPEA Nomenclature Alushtite is a mixture of dickite and hydrous mica, Committee. and the name should be discarded (Logvinenko and The name berthierine has priority for the Fe-rich Frank-Kamenetskii, 1955). Some specimens that I : 1 type layer silicate having appreciable tetrahedral have been called alushtite have been identified later Al and commonly found in ironstones and iron for- as tosudite (Frank-Kamenetskii et al., 1963). mations. Brindleyite is the Ni-analogue of ber- Deweylite is a mixture in variable proportions of a thierine. The name chamosite has priority for a 2: 1 disordered form of talc (kerolite) and a disordered chlorite of composition similar to berthierine (Orcel form of serpentine. Both components have excess et al., 1949). water, probably associated with unbalanced surface The name has priority over other species bonds. The name is useful only as a field term (Bish names (xanthophyllite, seybertite, brandisite, value- and Brindley, 1978). vite) for the Li-poor, Ba-poor trioctahedral brittle Kerolite is a varietal name for a mineral close to mica. All of these are so similar in crystallography, talc in composition and structure but with highly chemical composition, and mode of origin that only a random layer stacking and an enlarged basal spacing single species name is justified (Forman et al., 1967). of about 9.6A due to misfitting layers. R~+ (Li,Be-rich), anandite (Ba,Fe-rich), and kino- (Si20s)2(OH)2. nH20 with n ~ 0.8-1.2 (Brindley et shitalite (Ba,Mg-rich) appear to be other valid tri- al., 1977). octahedral brittle species (Schaller et al., 1967; Pimelite is a Ni-analogue of kerolite with Ni > Mg Pattiaratchi et al., 1967; Yoshii et al., 1973). , (Maksimovic, 1966; Brindley et al., 1979). described originally as a Li- N a brittle mica (Schaller Nepouite is a Ni-analogue of lizardite (Glasser,

~- ,-'" ~---- - 6 BAILEY: AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE

1907; Maksimovic, 1973; Brindley and Wan, 1975). mendations on nomenclature. Clays & Clay Miner- New names for layer silicate minerals approved re- als, 19, 129-132. cently by the IMA Commission on New Minerals Bailey, S. W., Brindley, G. W., Johns, W. D., Martin, R. T., and Ross, M. ( 1971b) Clay Mineral Society. Report of nomenclature and Mineral ,Names are listed below: committee 1969-1970. Clays & Clay Minerals, 19, 132-133. , a trloctahedral Zn-rich mica (Frondel Bailey, S. W. and Langston, R. B. (1969) Anauxite and kaolinite and Ito, 1966; Frondel and Einaudi, 1968) structures identical. Clays & Clay Minerals, 17, 241-243. willemseite, a Ni-analogue of talc (Hiemstra and de Bayliss, P. (1975) Nomenclature of the trioctahedral chlorites. Waal, 1968b) Can. Mineral., 13, 178-180. Bish, D. L. and Brindley, G. W. (1978) Deweylites, mixtures of , a Ni-analogue of clinochrysotile (Faust et poorly crystalline hydrous serpentine and talc-like minerals. al., 1969) Mineral. Mag., 42, 75-79. Mn-sepio/ite, Mn-palygorskite, Mn-ferrisepio/ite, Mn- Brindley, G. W. (1967) CIPEA Nomenclature Sub-Committee, ferropalygorskite (Semenov, 1969) Minutes of meetings held June 20 and 23 (1966), Jerusalem, Is- rael. Proc. Internat. Clay Con/. 1966 II, xxvii-xxix. chernykhite, a dioctahedral V,Ba,Na-rich mica (An- Brindley, G. W., Bish, D. L., and Wan, H.-M. (1977) The nature kinovich et al., 1972) of kerolite, its relation to talc and stevensite. Mineral. Mag., 41, kellyite, a Mn2+-analogue of amesite (Peacor et al., 443-452. 1974) Brindley, G. W., Bish, D. L., and Wan, H.-M. (1979) Composi- swinefordite, a Li,Al,Mg-rich smectite intermediate tions, structures, and properties of nickel-containing minerals in the kerolite-pimelite series. Am. Mineral., 64, 615-625. between dioctahedral and trioct~hedral (Tien et Brindley, G. W. and De Souza, J. V. (1975) Nickel-containing al., 1975) and chlorites from Brazil, with remarks on baumite, a Mn,Fe,Zn-rich serpentine (Frondel and schuchardite. Mineral. Mag., 40, 141-152. Ito, 1975) Brindley, G. W., MacEwan, D. M. C., Caillere, S., Correns, C. W., masutomi/ite, a Mn2+-analogue of zinnwaldite (Ha- Favajee, J. Ch. L., and Grim, R. E. (1951) The nomenclature of clay minerals. Clay Minerals ,Bull., 1, 194-195. rada et al., 1976) Brindley, G. W. and Pedro, G. (1970) Report of the AIPEA N 0- yofortierite, a Mn2+-analogue of palygorskite (Per- menclature Committee. AIPEA Newsletter No.4, 3-4. rault et al., 1975) Brindley, G. W. and Pedro, G. (1972) Report of the AIPEA No- falcondoite, a Ni-analogue of sepiolite with Ni > Mg menclature Committee. AIPEA Newsletter No.7, 8-13. (Springer, 1976) Brindley, G. W. and Pedro, G. (1976) Meeting of the Nomencla- ture Committee of A.I.P.E.A.,Mexico City, July 21, 1975. AIPEA ferripyrophyllite, a Fe3+-analogue of pyrophyllite Newsletter No. 12, 5-6. (Chukhrov et al., 1979). Brindley, G. W. and Wan, H.-M. (1975) Compositions, structures, Several layer silicates incorporating interlayer me- and thermal behavior of nickel-containing minerals in the liz- tallic elements have been recognized recently. ardite-nepouite series. Am. Mineral., 60, 861-871. Chapmanite and bismutoferrite have 1: 1 layers Brown, G. (1955) Report of the Clay Minerals Group Sub-Com- mittee on nomenclature of clay minerals. Clay Minerals Bull., 2, with Si in the tetrahedral sheet and Fe3+ in the oc- 294- 302. tahedral sheet. The surface hydroxyl groups of the Brown, G. and Weir, A. H. (1963) The identity of recto rite and a1- octahedral sheet are replaced by , and Sb and levardite. Proc. Internat. Clay Con/. 1963, Stockholm, 1, 27-35. Bi (in chapmanite and bismutoferrite, respectively) Buckley, H. A., Bevan, J. C., Brown, K. M., Johnson, L. R., and Farmer, V. C. (1978) Glauconite and celadonite: two separate are in the interlayer space (Zhoukhlistov et al., 1974; mineral species. Mineral. Mag., 42, 373-382. Zhoukhlistov and Zvyagin, 1977). Chukhrov, F. V., Zvyagin, B. B., Drits, V. A., Gorshkov, A. I., Er- Surite is a smectite having a defect, cerussite-like milova, L. P., Goilo, E. A., and Rudnitskaya, E. S. (1979) The lead carbonate interlayer (Hayase et al., 1978). ferric analogue of pyrophyllite and related phases. Proc. Inter- nat. Clay Con/. 1978, Oxford, 55-64. Chukhrov, F. V., Zvyagin, B. B., Ermilova, L. P., Gorshkov, A. I., and Rudnitskaya, E. S. (1969) The relation between chrysocolla, References medmontite, and copper-halloysite. Proc. Internal. Clay Con/. Allen, V. T., Fahey, J. J., and Ross, M. (1969) Kaolinite and 1969, Tokyo, 1, 141-150. anauxite in the lone Formation. Am. Mineral., 54, 206-211. Chukhrov, F. V., Zvyagin, B. B., Gorshkov, A. I., Ermi1ova, L. P., Ankinovich, S. G., Ankinovich, E. A., Rozhdestvenskaya, I. V., and Rudnitskaya, E. S. (1968) The nature of medmontite. (in and Frank-Kamenetskii, V. A. (1972) Chernykhite, a new bar- Russian) Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sere Geol. 67-71. ium-vanadium mica from northwestern Karatau. (in Russian) Drits, V. A. and Kossovskaya, A. G. (1963) Sangarite, a new clay Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch., 101, 451-458. mineral with ordered mixed-layer structure. (in Russian) Dokl. Bailey, S. W. (1977) Report of the I.M.A.-I.U.Cr. Joint Com- Akad. Nauk SSSR, 151, 934-937. mittee on Nomenclature. Am. Mineral., 62, 411-415. Faust, G. T., Fahey, J. J., Mason, B. and Dwornik, E. J. (1969) Bailey, S. W., Brindley, G. W., Johns, W. D., Martin, R. T., and Pecoraite, Ni6Si40IO(OH)s, nickel analog of clinochrysotile, Ross, M. (1971a) Summary of national and international recom- formed in the Wolf Creek meteorite. Science, 165, 59-60. BAILEY: AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE 7

Fleischer, M. (1969a) New mineral names. Am. Mineral., 54, 990- Mountain, Yugoslavia. Proc. In ternat. Clay Con! 1966, Jerusa- 994. lem, I, 97-105. Fleischer, M. (1969b) New mineral names. Am. Mineral., 54, Maksimovic, Z. (1973) Lizardite-nepouite isomorphic series. Zap. 1739-1742. Vses. Mineral. Obshch., 102, 143-149. Forman, S. A., Kodama, H., Maxwell, J. A. (1967) The tri- Orcel, J., Henin, S., and Caillere, S. (1949) Sur les silicates phylli- octahedral brittle micas. Am. Mineral., 52, 1122-1128. teux des mineraux de fer oolithiques. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 229, Frank-Kamenetskii, V. A., Logvinenko, N. V., and Drits, V. A. 134-135. (1963) A dioctahedral mixed-layer clay mineral, tosudite. (in Pattiaratchi, D. B., Saari, E., and Sahama, Th. G. (1967) Anan- Russian) Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch., 92, 560-565. dite, a new barium-iron silicate from Wilagedera, North West- Frondel, C. and Einaudi, M. (1968) -rich micas from Sterling ern Province, Ceylon. Mineral. Mag., 36, 1-4. Hill, New Jersey. Am. Mineral., 53, 1752-1754. Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Simmons, W. B., Jr., and Bigelow, Fronde1, C. and Ito, J. (1966) Hendricksite, a new species of mica. W. C. (1974) Kellyite, a new Mn-AI member of the serpentine Am. Mineral, 51, 1107-1123. group from Bald Knob, North Carolina, and new data on Frondel, C. and Ito, J. (1975) Zinc-rich chlorites from Franklin, grovesite. Am. Mineral., 59, 1153-1156. New Jersey. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh., 123, 111-115. Pedro, G. (1967) Commentaires sur la classification et la nomen- Glasser, E. (1907) Sur une espece minera1e nouvelle, la nepouite, clature des mineraux argileux. Bull. Groupe fro Argiles, 19, 69- silicate hydrate de nickel et de magnesie. Bull. Soc. fro Mineral., 86. 30, 17-28. Perrault, G., Harvey, Y. and Pertsowsky, R. (1975) La yofortierite, Harada, K., Honda, M., Nagashima, K., and Kanisawa, S. (1976) un nouveau silicate hydrate de manganese de St.-Hilaire, P. Q. Masutomilite, manganese analogue of zinnwaldite, with special Can. Mineral., 13, 68-74. reference to masutomi1ite-1epidolite-zinnwaldite series. Min- Schaller, W. T. (1930) Adjectival ending of chemical elements eral. J., 8, 95-109. used as modifiers to mineral names. Am. Mineral., 15, 566-574. Hayase, K., Dristas, J. A., Tsutsumi, S., Otsuka, R., Tanabe, S., Schaller, W. T., Carron, M. K., and Fleischer, M. (1967) Ephesite, Sudo, T., and Nishiyama, T. (1978) Surite, a new Pb-rich layer Na(LiAI2)(A12Si2)OIO(OH)2' a trioctahedral member of the mar- . Am. Mineral., 63, 1175-1181. garite group, and related brittle micas. Am. Mineral., 52, 1689- Hiemstra, S. A. and de Waal, S. A. (1968a) Nickel minerals from 1696. Barberton. II. Nimite, a nickelian chlorite. Nat. Inst. Met. Semenov, E. I. (1969) Mineralogy of the Ilimaussaq Alkaline Mas- (South Africa) Res. Rep., 344, 1-10.* sif, Southern Greenland. (in Russian) Inst. Mineral., Geokhim., Hiemstra, S. A. and de Waal, S. A. (1968b) Nickel minerals from Kristallokhim. Redk. Elementov, Izdat. "N auka" 1969. Barberton. III. Willemseite, a nickelian talc. Nat. Inst. Met. Shimoda, S. (1969) New data for tosudite. Clays & Clay Minerals, (South Africa) Res. Rep. 353, 1-14.* 17, 179-184. . Ivanova, V. P., Kasatov, B. K., and Moskaleva, V. N. (1973) Ther- Springer, G. (1976) Fa1condoite, nickel analogue of sepiolite. Can. mographic studies of serpentines on heating them to 14000. (in Mineral., 14, 407-409. Russian) Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch., 102, 3-15. Tien, P-L., Leavens, P. B., and Ne1en, J. A. (1975) Swinefordite, a Kato, T. (1963) New data on the so-called bementite. J. Mineral. dioctahedral-trioctahedral Li-rich member of the smectite Soc. Japan, 6, 93-103 (in Japanese). group from Kings Mountain, North Carolina. Am. Mineral., 60, Langston, R. B. and Pask, J. A. (1968) The nature of anauxite. 540-547. Clays & Clay Minerals, 16, 425-436. Veniale, F. and van der Marel, H. W. (1969) Identification of Lazarenko, E. K. (1940) Donbassites, a new group of minerals some 1: 1 regular interstratified trioctahedral clay minerals. from the Donetz Basin. (in Russian) C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS,28, Proc. Internat. Clay Con! 1969, Tokyo, 1, 233-244. 519- 521. Wada, K. and Yoshinaga, N. (1969) The structure of "". Lazarenko, E. K. and Korolev, Yu. M. (1970) Tarasovite, a new Am. Mineral., 54,50-71. dioctahedral ordered interlayer mineral. (in Russian) Zap. Vses. Yoshii, M., Maeda, K., Kato, T., Watanabe, S. Yu., Kato, A., and Mineral. Obshch., 99, 214-224. Nagashima, K. (1973) Kinoshitalite, a new mineral from the Lippmann, F. (1954) Uber einen Keuperton yon Zaisersweiher bei Noda-Tamagawa mine, Iwate Prefecture. (in Japanese) Chi- Maulbronn. Heidelb. Bei/r. Mineral. Petrog., 4, 130-134. gaku Kenkyu, 24, 181-190. Logvinenko, L. V. and Frank-Kamenetskii, V. A. (1955) On the Zhoukhlistov, A. P. and Zvyagin, B. B. (1977) Determination of so-called alushtite. (in Russian) Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 105, the of chapmanite and bismutoferrite by high- 554-557. voltage electron diffraction. Sov. Phys.-Crystallogr., 22, 419-423 Mackenzie, R. C. (1959) The classification and nomenclature of (Engl. transl.). clay minerals. Clay Minerals Bull., 4, 52-66. Zhoukhlistov, A. P., Zvyagin, B. B., Soboleva, S. V., and Shlain, Mackenzie, R. C. (1965a) Report of chairman on meeting of No- L. B. (1974) The crystal structure determination of chapmanite menclature Sub-Committee of CIPEA.Proc. Internat. Clay Con! SbFe2Si20s(OH) by high-voltage electron diffraction. Coli. 1963, Stockholm, Sweden, 2, 439-442. Abstr. I. M.A. General Meeting, Regensburg, 79. Mackenzie, R. C. (1965b) Nomenclature Sub-Committee of C.I.P.E.A.Clay Minerals, 6, 123-126. Maksimovic, Z. (1966) p-kerolite-pimelite series from Goles Manuscript received, August 13, 1979; *The correct adjectival modifier is nicke10an. accepted/or publication, September 12, 1979.

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