Clay Minerals Soils to Engineering Technology to Cat Litter
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M]NIJRALOGICAL NOTI'S 229 Talr,e 1. Cnrutcet Conpostrron ol Wnolvolrrtn lnon Vanrous Souncos CaO 38 38 38.46 38 83 38.36 38 23 C:O: 49 28 49.65 49.38 50.28 48.69 HrO 12.34 72 74 123l 11.36 Not Determined 1. Ca(C:Oa).HrO 2. Pchery', Bohemia 3. Briix, Bohemia 4. Maikop, Caucasus 5. Milan, Ohio Note: Analyses 2,3 and 4 from Palache et ol. (195L). This find is of interest for the following reasons: 1. It is the first reported in easternUnited States.2. It is the first of any sizablequantity in the United States.3. It is found in older rocks than previous finds. 4. The location is readilv accessibleto interested petrologists. We are glad to acknowledgethe help of Mr. Owen Keim who per- formed the chemicalanalysis and Mr. C. R. Tipton, Jr. who made this work possibie,both of whom werethe authors' associatesat the BasicIn- corporated ResearchCenter. Of course,special thanks and recognition must go to Mr. ClarenceRaver rvhosupplied us with the samples. RrlBnrNcos Guon, A. J., 3rd, E. J. YouNc, V. C KnNNrov aNn L. B Rrr.r:v (1960) Wheu,ellite and celestitefrom a fault opening in San Juan County, IJtah- Am. Mineral.45,1257-1265. Per.ecun, C, H. BnnlreN aNo C FnoNou. (1951) Danos' SystemoJ Mineralogy, Vol. II, 7th ed., John lViley and Sons,Inc., Nelr' York. Pocon.r, W T eNo J. H. Krnn (1954) Whewellite from a septarian iimestone concretion in marine shalenear llavre, Montana Am. Mineral.Jg,208-214. THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST,VOL 51, JANUARY_FEBRUARY,1966 LACLTSTI{INE GLAUCONITIC MICA FROM PI,UVIAL LAKE MOUND. -
7 Great Pottery Projects
ceramic artsdaily.org 7 great pottery projects | Second Edition | tips on making complex pottery forms using basic throwing and handbuilding skills This special report is brought to you with the support of Atlantic Pottery Supply Inc. 7 Great Pottery Projects Tips on Making Complex Pottery Forms Using Basic Throwing and Handbuilding Skills There’s nothing more fun than putting your hands in clay, but when you get into the studio do you know what you want to make? With clay, there are so many projects to do, it’s hard to focus on which ones to do first. So, for those who may wany some step-by-step direction, here are 7 great pottery projects you can take on. The projects selected here are easy even though some may look complicated. But with our easy-to-follow format, you’ll be able to duplicate what some of these talented potters have described. These projects can be made with almost any type of ceramic clay and fired at the recommended temperature for that clay. You can also decorate the surfaces of these projects in any style you choose—just be sure to use food-safe glazes for any pots that will be used for food. Need some variation? Just combine different ideas with those of your own and create all- new projects. With the pottery techniques in this book, there are enough possibilities to last a lifetime! The Stilted Bucket Covered Jar Set by Jake Allee by Steve Davis-Rosenbaum As a college ceramics instructor, Jake enjoys a good The next time you make jars, why not make two and time just like anybody else and it shows with this bucket connect them. -
Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
Fire Retardancy of Polypropylene/Kaolinite Composites Marcos Batistella, Belkacem Otazaghine, Rodolphe Sonnier, Carlos Petter, José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
Fire retardancy of polypropylene/kaolinite composites Marcos Batistella, Belkacem Otazaghine, Rodolphe Sonnier, Carlos Petter, José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta To cite this version: Marcos Batistella, Belkacem Otazaghine, Rodolphe Sonnier, Carlos Petter, José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta. Fire retardancy of polypropylene/kaolinite composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, Elsevier, 2016, 129, pp.260-267. 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.003. hal-02906432 HAL Id: hal-02906432 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02906432 Submitted on 26 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Fire retardancy of polypropylene/kaolinite composites * Marcos Batistella a, c, , Belkacem Otazaghine b, Rodolphe Sonnier b, Carlos Petter c, Jose-Marie Lopez-Cuesta b a Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Eng. Agronomico^ Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n e Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil b Ecole des Mines d’Ales, Centre des Materiaux (C2MA) e Pole^ Materiaux Polymeres Avances, 6 Avenue de Clavieres, 30319, Ales Cedex, France c Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501-970, Brazil abstract In this study the influence of surface modification of kaolinite with trisilanolisooctyl Polyhedral Oligo- SilSesquioxane (POSS) in polypropylene composites was evaluated in terms of thermal stability and fire retardancy and compared with talc. -
Color in Salt Glaze
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 8-1-1967 Color in salt glaze Daniel Lee Stevens Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Stevens, Daniel Lee, "Color in salt glaze" (1967). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 561. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.561 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Daniel Lee Stevens for the Master of Science in teaching in Cerami~s 'presented 0:0 August 7, 1967. Title: COLOR IN SALT GLAZE. , Abs tract approved: This thesis endeavors to bring a brief history of salt glaze to the reader, following i~s ge~esisin Germany to England and the American colonies and its continuation to the prese~t day. In order to conduct research on color in salt glaze~ a kiln had to be built for this purpose, meeting all the requirements 'that this tech- nique demands. Studies were ~ade on clay bodies to determine their throwing qualities as well as their ability to take a salt glaze. Finally, research was carried out 'in many serfes of tests studying the reactions of'various engobes and other coloring materials when ,fired in the salt glaze kiln. \ .' COLOR IN SALT GLAZE by Daniel Lee Stevens A THESIS submitted to .Portland State College, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Teaching August 1967 \ I PORTLAND STATE COL~EGE LIBRARY' . -
Studies of Celadonite and Glauconite
Studies of Celadonite and Glauconite GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 614-F Studies of Celadonite and Glauconite By MARGARET D. FOSTER SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 614-F A study of the compositional relations between celadonites and glauconites and an interpretation of the composition of glauconites UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HIGKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S- Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 40 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract.-_ ____-____-_--__-_-___--______-__-_______ Fl Interpretation of glauconite coniposition___-___________ F13 Introduction.______________________________________ 1 Relation between trivalent iron and octahedral aluminurn____________________________________ 13 Selection of analyses and calculation of atomic ratios___ 2 The Fe+3 :Fe+2 ratio_______________________ 13 Relation between the composition of celadonites and Relation between iron and potassium____________ 14 glauconites_ _ ___________________________________ 3 Fixation of potassium___________________________ 14 High potassium celadonites and glauconites-_______ 7 Deficiency in potassium content-_________________ 14 Relation between glauconite composition and geo Low potassium celadonites and glauconites_________ logic age_____________________________________ 15 Relation between Si, R+2 (VI), Al(VI), and R+3 (VI)_ -
NMAM 9000: Asbestos, Chrysotile By
ASBESTOS, CHRYSOTILE by XRD 9000 MW: ~283 CAS: 12001-29-5 RTECS: CI6478500 METHOD: 9000, Issue 3 EVALUATION: FULL Issue 1: 15 May 1989 Issue 3: 20 October 2015 EPA Standard (Bulk): 1% by weight PROPERTIES: Solid, fibrous mineral; conversion to forsterite at 580 °C; attacked by acids; loses water above 300 °C SYNONYMS: Chrysotile SAMPLING MEASUREMENT BULK TECHNIQUE: X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION SAMPLE: 1 g to 10 g ANALYTE: Chrysotile SHIPMENT: Seal securely to prevent escape of asbestos PREPARATION: Grind under liquid nitrogen; wet-sieve SAMPLE through 10 µm sieve STABILITY: Indefinitely DEPOSIT: 5 mg dust on 0.45 µm silver membrane BLANKS: None required filter ACCURACY XRD: Copper target X-ray tube; optimize for intensity; 1° slit; integrated intensity with RANGE STUDIED: 1% to 100% in talc [1] background subtraction BIAS: Negligible if standards and samples are CALIBRATION: Suspensions of asbestos in 2-propanol matched in particle size [1] RANGE: 1% to 100% asbestos OVERALL PRECISION ( ): Unknown; depends on matrix and ESTIMATED LOD: 0.2% asbestos in talc and calcite; 0.4% concentration asbestos in heavy X-ray absorbers such as ferric oxide ACCURACY: ±14% to ±25% PRECISION ( ): 0.07 (5% to 100% asbestos); 0.10 (@ 3% asbestos); 0.125 (@ 1% asbestos) APPLICABILITY: Analysis of percent chrysotile asbestos in bulk samples. INTERFERENCES: Antigorite (massive serpentine), chlorite, kaolinite, bementite, and brushite interfere. X-ray fluorescence and absorption is a problem with some elements; fluorescence can be circumvented with a diffracted beam monochromator, and absorption is corrected for in this method. OTHER METHODS: This is NIOSH method P&CAM 309 [2] applied to bulk samples only, since the sensitivity is not adequate for personal air samples. -
Evaluation of Selected Kaolin Clays As a Raw Material for the Turkish Cement and Concrete Industry
Evaluation of Selected Kaolin Clays as a Raw Material for the Turkish Cement and Concrete Industry Aydin Aras1, Mustafa Albayrak1, Metin Arikan2, Konstantin Sobolev3 * 1 General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Turkey 2 Civil Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University (METU), Turkey 3 Facultad de Ingenieria Civil, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Mexico ABSTRACT Turkey has a long tradition (starting from the prehistoric civilizations) and experience in exploring and processing clay raw materials into ceramic products. Many of these products, such as tiles and sanitary ware, are manufactured for domestic and export markets. Kaolin clay is one of the raw materials of major importance for the ceramic and paper industry, as well as for a number of auxiliary applications. There is an ongoing interest to apply kaolin clay in the construction industry as a raw material for the production of white cement clinker and as an artificial pozzolanic additive for concrete (in a form of metakaolin). This report presents the results related to search, assessment and evaluation of available resources for advanced cement and concrete additives. Keywords: kaolin, metakaolin, construction, resources, ceramics, cement, x-ray diffraction, SEM INTRODUCTION Turkey has an abundance of natural resources and its mining industry is one of the sectors showing steady growth. Among the most commonly mined minerals are borax, magnesite, chromites, barite, feldspars, different clays, and limestone [1-21]. Local ceramic industry has more than 4000 years of experience in exploring and processing widely available raw materials into useful commodities. Currently, several ceramic products, such as tiles and sanitary ware are manufactured to meet international standards (ISO 9000) and significant amounts (about 45 %) of these products are exported [21]. -
A108-316 (10/10/16)
American Industrial Hygiene Association Bulk Asbestos Proficiency Analytical Testing Program Results of Round A108-316 10/10/2016 John Herrock Laboratory ID Number Total Penalty Points 0 University of Louisiana, Monroe - Dept of 213022 Round Status P Toxicology Program Status P 700 University Ave. Monroe, LA 71209 UNITED STATES Lot Designation\Sample ID Numbers A) 1761 B) 2702 C) 1897 D) 4134 Analysis Results from Laboratory Number 213022 Asbestos (%) CHRY (3) ANTH(22) NONE CHRY (1) Other Fibrous Materials (%) FBGL (1) Nonfibrous Material (%) ACID (52) OTHR (55) ACID (60) OTHR (60) MICA (33) MICA (11) OTHR (38) ACID (29) Penalty Points Assessed 0 0 0 0 Analysis Results from Reference Laboratory One Asbestos (%) CHRY(5.8) ANTH (12) NONE CHRY (3.8) ACTN (0.1) Other Fibrous Materials (%) CELL (0.1) OTHR *1 (0.1) CELL (1) Nonfibrous Material (%) MICA (45) OTHR *2(87.9) OTHR *3 (35) PERL (20) CASO (49) OTHR *4 (65) OTHR *5 (20) OTHR *6 (55.2) Analysis Results from Reference Laboratory Two Asbestos (%) CHRY (2.5) ANTH (28) (0) CHRY(3.5%) TREM(trace) Other Fibrous Materials (%) FBGL (trace) Nonfibrous Material (%) OTHR *7 (60) OTHR *9 (24) OTHR *11 (80) OTHR *14 (20) OTHR *8(37.5) OTHR *10 (48) OTHR *12 (18) OTHR *15(76.5) OTHR *13 (2) Analysis Results from RTI International Asbestos (%) CHRY (4) ANTH (28) NONE CHRY (3) ACTN (Tra) Other Fibrous Materials (%) OTHR *16(Tra) POLY (Tra) CELL (1) OTHR *17(Tra) Nonfibrous Material (%) MICA (29) OTHR *18 (53) CACO (89) OTHR *22 (28) CASO (67) OTHR *19 (19) OTHR *20 (9) PERL (45) OTHR *21 (2) OTHR *23 -
Nature of Interlayer Material in Silicate Clays of Selected Oregon Soils
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF PAUL C, SINGLETON for the Ph.D. in Soils (Name) (Degree) (Major) Date thesis is presented July 28, 1965 Title NATURE OF INTERLAYER MATERIAL IN SILICATE CLAYS OF SELECTED OREGON SOILS - Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved = ajor professor) Ç A study was conducted to investigate the nature of hydroxy interlayers in the chlorite -like intergrade clays of three Oregon soils with respect to kind, amount, stability, and conditions of formation. The clays of the Hembre, Wren, and Lookout soils, selected to represent weathering products originating from basaltic materials under humid, subhumid, and semi -arid climatic conditions respectively, were subjected to a series of progressive treatments designed to effect a differential dissolution of the materials intimately asso- ciated with them. The treatments, chosen to represent a range of increasing severity of dissolution, were (1) distilled water plus mechanical stirring, (2) boiling 2% sodium carbonate, (3) buffered sodium citrate -dithionite, (4) boiling sodium hydroxide, and (5) preheating to 400 °C for 4 hours plus boiling sodium hydroxide. Extracts from the various steps of the dissolution procedure were chemically analyzed in order to identify the materials removed from the clays. X -ray diffraction analysis and cation exchange capacity determinations were made on the clays after each step, and any differences noted in the measured values were attributed to the removal of hydroxy interlayers from the clays. Hydroxy interlayers were found to occur more in the Hembre and Wren soils than in the Lookout soil, with the most stable interlayers occurring in the Wren. Soil reaction was one of the major differences between these soils. -
How to Add Color to Your Ceramic Art
ceramic artsdaily.org how to add color to your ceramic art a guide to using ceramic colorants, ceramic stains, and ceramic oxides www.ceramicartsdaily.org | Copyright © 2010, Ceramic Publications Company | How to Add Color to Your Ceramic Art | i How to Add Color to Your Ceramic Art A Guide to Using Ceramic Colorants, Ceramic Stains, and Ceramic Oxides Adding color to your ceramic art can be a tricky proposition. Unlike working with paints, what you put on your prize pot or sculpture can be very different from how it looks before and after firing. As a general rule, ceramic stains and ceramic pigments look pretty much the same before and after firing while ceramic oxides like iron oxide, cobalt oxide, and copper oxide as well as cobalt carbonate and copper carbonate all look very different. In this guide you’ll discover a little help to better understand what, how, and why ceramic colorants work in a glaze. Enjoy! The World of Ceramic Colorants by Robin Hopper The potter’s palette can be just as broad as the painter’s because there are so many ceramic colorants and combinations to choose from. By combining ceramic oxides, ceramic stains, and ceramic pigments in various proportions, you can get every color in the spectrum. The Many Faces of Iron Oxide by Dr. Carol Marians Glaze ingredients, the clay body, firing atmosphere, and even kiln-stacking techniques can all affect your firing results. Red iron oxide is one of the ceramic colorants that’s quite temperamental and affected by a lot of variables. From dark brown to unusual speckles, red iron oxide can offer a lot for a single ceramic colorant. -
Far-Infrared Spectra of Hydrous Silicates at Low Temperatures Providing Laboratory Data for Herschel and ALMA
A&A 492, 117–125 (2008) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200810312 & c ESO 2008 Astrophysics Far-infrared spectra of hydrous silicates at low temperatures Providing laboratory data for Herschel and ALMA H. Mutschke1,S.Zeidler1, Th. Posch2, F. Kerschbaum2, A. Baier2, and Th. Henning3 1 Astrophysikalisches Institut, Schillergässchen 2-3, 07745 Jena, Germany e-mail: [mutschke;sz]@astro.uni-jena.de 2 Institut für Astronomie, Türkenschanzstraße 17, 1180 Wien, Austria e-mail: [email protected] 3 Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Received 2 June 2008 / Accepted 4 September 2008 ABSTRACT Context. Hydrous silicates occur in various cosmic environments, and are among the minerals with the most pronounced bands in the far infrared (FIR) spectral region. Given that Herschel and ALMA will open up new possibilities for astronomical FIR and sub-mm spectroscopy, data characterizing the dielectric properties of these materials at long wavelengths are desirable. Aims. We aimed at examining the FIR spectra of talc, picrolite, montmorillonite, and chamosite, which belong to four different groups of phyllosilicates. We tabulated positions and band widths of the FIR bands of these minerals depending on the dust temperature. Methods. By means of powder transmission spectroscopy, spectra of the examined materials were measured in the wavelength range 25−500 μm at temperatures of 300, 200, 100, and 10 K. Results. Room-temperature measurements yield the following results. For talc, a previously unknown band, centered at 98.5 μm, was found, in addition to bands at 56.5 and 59.5 μm.