DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydrothermal and Metamorphic Berthierine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydrothermal and Metamorphic Berthierine n27 CanadianMineralogist Vol. 30,pp. 1127-1142 (1992) HYDROTHERMALAND METAMORPHICBERTHIERINE FROM THE KIDD CREEK VOLCANOGENICMASSTVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT. TIMMINS, ONTARIO JOHNF.SLACK U.S.Geological Survey, Nationnl Center, Mail Stop954, Reston, Virginia 22092, U.S.A. WEI-TEH JIANG ANDDONALD R. PEACOR Depamnent of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. PATRICKM. OKITA* U.S.Geological Survey, National Center,Mail Stop954, Reston,Virginia 22092,U.S.A. ABSTRACT Berthierine,a 7 A pe-Al memberof the serpentinegroup, occursin the footwall stringerzone of the ArcheanKidd Creek massivesulfide deposit, Ontario, associated with quartz,muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite,chalcopyrite, and local tourmaline' cassiterite,and halloysite. Berthierine has been identified by the lack of 14A basalreflections on X-ray powderdiffractionpattems, by its composition (electron-microprobedata), and by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM). Peoogaphic and scanning eiectronmicroscopic (SEM) studiesreveal different types of berthierineocculrences, including interlayerswithin and rims on deformedchlorite, intergrowthswith muscoviteand halloysite,and discretecoarse grains. TEM imagesshow thick packetsof berthierineand chlorite that are parallel or relatedby low-angle boundaries,and layer terminationsof chlorite by berthierine; mixedJayer chlorite-berthierinealso is observed,intergrown with Fe-rich chlorite and berthierine.End-member (Mg-free) berthierineis presentin small domainsin two samples.The Kidd Creekberthierine is chemicallysimilar to berthierinefrom other localities, and to Fe-rich chlorite from a variety of geologicalsettings. This is the first reportedoccurence of berthierinefrom volcanogenicmassive sulfide deposits.Textural relations suggestthat most of the Kidd Creekberthierine formed as a primary hydrothermalmineral at relatively high temperatures(*350"C) in the footwall stringerzone, probably by the replacementof a pie-existingaluminous phase such as muscovite or chlorite.However, the intergrowth textures observed by SEM andTEM suggest thatsome oftheberthierine originatedby syn- orpost-metamorphic replacement ofchlorite. The difficulty ofidentifying berthierine by routinepetrographic, X-ray, andelecfon-microprobe methods suggests that muchofthe Fe-richchlorite described from modem and ancientmassive sulfide depositsmay insteadbe berthierine. Keywords:berthierine, chlorite, volcanogenicsulfide deposit,fiansmission electron microscopy, electron-microprobe data X-raY powderdiffraction, Kidd Creekmine, Timmins, Ontario. SonaN.lans On trouve la berthierine,membre Fe-Al I 7 A du groupede la serpentine,dans la zone de minerai en veinulesde la paroi infdrieuredu glte archdende sulfuresmassifs de Kidd Creek,en Ontario,en associationavec quartz, muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, sphal6rite,et chalcopyrite,avec prdsence locale de tourmaline,cassitdrite et halloysite.On reconnaitla berthierinepar I'absence d^'uneraie ayant une valeur d de-14 A surle clich6de diffractionX, par sacomposition (donn6es i la microsonde6lectronique), et par 6tudei au microscopedlectronique par transmission.Des 6tudespdrographiques et au microscope6lectronique i balayage montrentque la berthierinese pr6sente sous plus d'un aspect:elle forme une interstratificationavec et une gaine sur la chlorite d6form6e,une intercroissance avec muscovite et halloysite,et desgrains individuels relativement grossiers. Les imagesobtenues par transmissionmontrent d'6pais amas de berthierineet de chlorite parallblesou I faible angle d'incidence,et des feuillets de chloriteayantuneterminaison deberthierine. Desassemblages mixtes dechlorite-berthierine sont aussiprdsents, enintercroissance avec chlorite fenifbre et berthierine.Le p6le ferrifdre de la berthierine (sansMg) est signald en petits domainesdans deux 6chantillons.Du point de vue composition,la berthierinede Kidd Creekressemble a celle d'autresendroits, et d la chlorite riche en Fe de plusieurimilieux g€ologiques.Nous signalons ici pour la premibrefois la pr6sencede berthierinedans un gisementde sulfuresmassifs volcanog6niques. D'ap€s lesrelations texturales, la plupartde la berthierinei Kidd Creeks'est form6e comme minfral primaireI unetempdrature relativement 6lev6e (*350"C) dansla zonetr veinulesde la paroi inf6rieure,pmbablement par remplacementd'un pr&urseur alumineuxtel la muscoviteou la chlorite. Toutefois,les texturesd'intercroissances observ6es par microscopie6lectronique d balayageet par transmissionfont penserqu'une partie de la berthierinea uneorigine par remplacement syn- ou post-m6tamolphiquede la chlorite.la difficult6 quenous avons 6prouv6e d identifier la berthierinepar mdthodescourantes dL Ftrograptrie, de diffraction X et d'analysei la microsonde6lectronique nous incite i penserque la plupart desexemples de chlorite riche en fer citds dansla litldraturesur les gites de sulfuresmassifs modemes ou ancientsseraient plut6t de la berthierine. (Traduit par la R6daction) Mots-clds:berthierine, chlorite, gite volcanog6niquede sulfuresmassifs, microscopie 6lectronique par transmission,donn6es d la microsonde6lectronique, diffraction X, m6thodedes poudres, mine de Kidd Creek,Timmins, Ontario. *hesent address:BHP-Utah htemational Inc.,200 Fairbrook Drive, Hemdon, Virginia 22070, U.S.A. 1128 TI{E CANADIAN MINERALOGIST II.ITRODUC"noN Chlorite is one of the most abundantminerals in the alterationzones of volcanogenicmassive sulfide depos- its (e.9.,Franklin et al. l98l); it typicallyoccurs in veins with quartz,sulfides" and other minerals, and as replace- mentsof sedimentaryand volcanichost-rocks. In an- cient metamorphoseddeposits, chlorite may be the most commonlayer silicate,together with variableamounts of phengitic muscovite 1 paragonite;talc, stilp- nomelane,and biotite generallyare rare. In the pristine, unmetamorphosedalteration zones of the Miocene KC-813 Kurokodeposits ofJapan, layer-silicate assemblages are complexand include chlorite, illite, smectite,local talc, celadonite,and vermiculite,and rare chrysotile (Iijima 1974,Shirozu 1974, Utada et al. 1974,Shlrozu et al. 1975). The alterationpipes of Cretaceousmassive sulfide depositson Cyprus, also unmetamorphosed, containillite, chlorite,smectite, and rectorite (Lydon & Galley 1986,Richards et aL.1989).In this paper,we describethe occurrence of berthierine.an Fe-Al semen- tine-type mineral, and berthierine--chloritemixtures from the metamorphosedKidd Creekmassive sulfide deposit,ofArchean age, and discuss the implications of thesemixtures for interpretingthe paragenesisof Fe-Al layer silicatesin modern and ancient volcanogenic sulfideenvironments. KC-3231 IDEN'TFICATONAND OCCURRENCE 24 '20(CuKal Geologicalsetting Fro. l. X-ray powder-diffractionpattems (CuKcr radiation) for The large Kidd CreekCu-Zn-Pb-Ag deposit,north mineral separatesof layer silicates from the footwall of Timmins,Ontario, consists of massivepyrite" chalco- stringer zone (north orebody) of the Kidd Creek mine. pyrite,sphalerite, pynhotite, and galena locally under- Pattemsfor samplesKC-813, KC-2505, and KC-3421 -14 lain by a chalcopyrite-richstringer zone(Walker et al. lackthe diagnostic A (63'2e) and4.7 A (ts.s"zo) 1975,Coad 1985).The ores are hostedby Archean peaksof truechlorite (chl) andconsist mainly (or wholly) volcanicrocks dated by U-Pb zirconmethods at2711 of berthierine(ber) mixed wilh muscovite(mus) 1 quartz (qtz); Ma (Nunes& Pyke 1981,Banie & Davis 1990)and are small peaksat 7.V7.5"20 axeinstrumental artifacts. pattem^for sample KC-3231 (bottom) that believed to have formed Compare on or near the sea floor containsonly 14A chlorite.All patternswere acquired on synchronouslywith localvolcanism and sedimentation. air-driedand untreated samples. Multiple events related to postore deformation are evidencedby mine-scalefaults and shearzones, strain fabrics in hand specimenand thin section,and U-Pb geochronologicaldata (Walker et al. 1975,Bisbinet al. fied (by JFS) on the basis of optical featuresand results 1990,Banie & Davis 1990).Regional metamorphism, of electron-microprobe analyses. Identification of the which only reachedlower greenschistgrade, took place Fe-rich chlorite is in error, however, as shown by X-ray at approximately2685 Ma (Percival& Krogh 1983)and powder-diffraction Q(RD) patterns of mineral separates was followed by a local metasomaticevent in the mine of layer silicates from Several samples^(Fig. 1). The areaat about2576Ma(Maas et al. 1986). Fe-rich silicate lacks the diagnostic 14 A reflection of chlorite, and therefore is berthierine" an Fe-Al member X-ray powder dffiaction of the serpentine group (a.9., Brindley 1982, Bailey 1988). The Fe-rich chlorite ("daphnite") described by Slack& Coad(1989) recently described the textures Slack & Coad ( I 989, Table 2, Fig. 12) consists largely and chemistry of Mg- and Fe-rich chlorite from the or wholly of berthierine, including that in samples footwall stringerzone at Kidd Creekand suggestedthat KC-8 I 3, KC-2505, KC-3421 , and KC-3482. An XRD thesetwo compositionaltypes of chloriteformed during study of layer silicate separates from the other Kidd separatehydrothermal events. The chlorite was identi- Creek samples(e.g.,KC-3231, Fig. l) showsprominent BERTHIERINEFROM TI{E KIDD CREEK DEPOSIT tt29 mn-Drlmgld DAIA mR Bmlmlm TM 1. X-W grain-sizesare 10-50!rm, althoughsome large crystals ' thatappear prismatic in crosssection (normal to {001}) h](l h&l AlEsb@ otr1l rc-au Kc-342r (@no) (h*) al-ca1c d-calc d-oalc d-calc in samplesKC-3421 and KC-3482 are as much as 100-200 pm long. Bertlierine grains
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • 7Th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014
    MECC14 7th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014 16–19 SEPTEMBER 2014 • DRESDEN • GERMANY www.mecc2014.de PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTBOOK ©: fotolia.com/Erik Schuhmann Particle Size Analysis down to the Nanometer Range NEW: Laser Diffraction Analyzer HORIBA LA-960 The new HORIBA LA-960 quickly and accurately measures fine particles starting from 10 nm. An outstanding feature is its high flexibility which applies to both measuring range and sample feeding. The LA-960 offers the possibility to use different dispersing media: typically water or alcohol but also non- polar organic solvents. BENEFITS n Extremely wide measurement range from 10 nm to 5 mm n Wet and dry measurements possible n Analysis according to the Mie Scattering Theory (scattering and diffraction) n Analysis cycles: < 1 minute (from sample to sample) n Efficient circulation system incl. ultrasonic probe n Change of measuring cells in seconds www.retsch-technology.com Particle Characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis and Laser Scattering RETSCH TECHNOLOGY provides innovative optical measurement systems for particle characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis or Laser Diffraction. The instruments cover a measuring range from 0.3 nm to 30 mm and are suitable for the characterization of powders, granules, bulk materials, suspensions, emulsions and colloidal systems. CAMSIZER P4 CAMSIZER XT LA-960 LA-300 SZ-100 Dynamic Image Analysis Dynamic Image Analysis Laser Diffraction Laser Diffraction Photon Correlation 20 µm - 30 mm 1 µm - 3 mm 10 nm - 5 mm 0.1 µm - 600 µm Spectroscopy www.retsch.com/camsizerp4 www.retsch.com/camsizerxt www.retsch.com/la960 www.retsch.com/la300 0.3 nm - 8 µm www.retsch.com/sz100 Retsch Technology GmbH | Haan | Germany | Phone +49 2104 2333-300 | E-Mail: [email protected] WWW.RETSCH-TECHNOLOGY.COM Retsch Tech-Advert-GB-LA960-148x210-140522.indd 1 26.05.2014 10:58:33 Table of Contents Organisation and Imprint .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Far-Infrared Spectra of Hydrous Silicates at Low Temperatures Providing Laboratory Data for Herschel and ALMA
    A&A 492, 117–125 (2008) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200810312 & c ESO 2008 Astrophysics Far-infrared spectra of hydrous silicates at low temperatures Providing laboratory data for Herschel and ALMA H. Mutschke1,S.Zeidler1, Th. Posch2, F. Kerschbaum2, A. Baier2, and Th. Henning3 1 Astrophysikalisches Institut, Schillergässchen 2-3, 07745 Jena, Germany e-mail: [mutschke;sz]@astro.uni-jena.de 2 Institut für Astronomie, Türkenschanzstraße 17, 1180 Wien, Austria e-mail: [email protected] 3 Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Received 2 June 2008 / Accepted 4 September 2008 ABSTRACT Context. Hydrous silicates occur in various cosmic environments, and are among the minerals with the most pronounced bands in the far infrared (FIR) spectral region. Given that Herschel and ALMA will open up new possibilities for astronomical FIR and sub-mm spectroscopy, data characterizing the dielectric properties of these materials at long wavelengths are desirable. Aims. We aimed at examining the FIR spectra of talc, picrolite, montmorillonite, and chamosite, which belong to four different groups of phyllosilicates. We tabulated positions and band widths of the FIR bands of these minerals depending on the dust temperature. Methods. By means of powder transmission spectroscopy, spectra of the examined materials were measured in the wavelength range 25−500 μm at temperatures of 300, 200, 100, and 10 K. Results. Room-temperature measurements yield the following results. For talc, a previously unknown band, centered at 98.5 μm, was found, in addition to bands at 56.5 and 59.5 μm.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Relation of Chamosite and Daphnite to the Chlorite Group. 1 (With Plates XVIII and XIX.) by A
    441 On the relation of chamosite and daphnite to the chlorite group. 1 (With Plates XVIII and XIX.) By A. F. HXLLIMOSD, M.A., Sc.D. Assistant Curator, Museum of Practical Geology, London. With chemical analyses by C. O. HARVEY, B.Sc., A.R.C.S. and X-ray measurements by F. A. BANNISTER, M.A. [Read June 9, 1938.] I. INTRODUCTION. HERE is a close optical and chemical resemblance between chamo- T site, the chloritic mineral of the bedded ironstones, and daphnite, a low-temperature vein-chlorite common in some of the Cornish tin mines. New material has made it possible to undertake a fresh com- parison of the two minerals: chemical analyses have been made by Mr. C. O. Harvey, chemist to H.M. Geological Survey, and a report on the X-ray measurements is contributed by Mr. F. A. Bannister, of the Mineral Department of the British Museum. The new analysis of chamosite agrees with the simple formula pre- viously assigned: X-ray examination of material from several localities has now established the distinctive crystalline nature of this fine-grained mineral, which differs structurally from ordinary chlorites such as clinochlore. Daphnite, on the other hand, has the ordinary chlorite structure, but the new analysis hilly confirms Tschermak's original opinion that it cannot be represented chemically as a mixture of serpen- tine and amesite. In attempting a comparison with chlorite analyses already published, great difficulty arises from the confused nomenclature. In order to ascertain the nearest chemically allied chlorites to those under dis- cussion, a representative number of selected chlorite analyses have been plotted on a diagram with co-ordinates proportional to R2Oa/SiO2 and RO/Si02.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ore and Gangue Mineralogy of the Newly Discovered Federation Massive Sulfide Deposit, Central New South Wales, Australia †
    Proceedings The Ore and Gangue Mineralogy of the Newly Discovered Federation Massive Sulfide Deposit, Central New South Wales, Australia † Khalid Schellen 1, Ian T. Graham 1,*, Adam McKinnon 2, Karen Privat 1,3 and Christian Dietz 4 1 School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [email protected] (K.S); [email protected] (K.P.) 2 Aurelia Metals Limited, Level 17, 144 Edward Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; [email protected] 3 Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 4 Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-435-296-555 † Presented at the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science, 1–15 March 2021; Available online: https://iecms2021.sciforum.net/. Abstract: The newly discovered Federation deposit, with a resource estimate of 2.6 Mt @ 7.7% Pb, 13.5% Zn, 0.8 g/t Au, and 9 g/t Ag, lies 10 km south of the Hera deposit within the Cobar Basin of the Lachlan Orogen. Located just north of the Erimeran Granite contact and between the Lower Amphitheatre Group and underlying shallow marine Mouramba Group Roset Sandstone, the host siltstones and sandstones have been brecciated, intensely silicified, and chloritized close to miner- alization. Oriented in an overall east-northeast strike and with a steep south-southeast dip, the silt- stones mainly comprise quartz, clinochlore, biotite, and muscovite. Federation also has highly frag- mented zones with breccia and vein-fill of calcite.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Ferrous Clays in the Interpretation of Wettability – a Case Study
    SCA2018-019 1/12 THE ROLE OF FERROUS CLAYS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF WETTABILITY – A CASE STUDY Velazco M.A, Bruce A., Ferris M, Reed J., Kandasamy R. Lloyd’s Register Energy Consultancy, Rock Properties Group, Aberdeen, UK This paper was prepared for presentation at the International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts held in Trondheim, Norway, 27-30 August 2018 ABSTRACT Clean sandstone, with minimal clay content, is expected to be strongly water wet once the rock has been through an effective cleaning process. Even samples containing significant clay minerals are usually expected to be water wet after appropriate cleaning. However, tests carried out on core samples from Fields in three different global locations show mixed indices, even for clean state samples where no aging with crude oil has taken place. A few hypotheses for this behaviour considered herein are: whether the cleaning method was adequate, whether wettability was altered by an external factor, or if wettability was due to mineral composition. This paper presents the results obtained from wettability studies on fresh, clean and restored state core plug samples from three different Fields. Wettability indices were obtained by using the combined Amott-USBM method. Petrography was performed on sample end-trims to investigate the possible presence of halite or barite in the clean state samples, thought to be from drilling fluid infiltration, which should have been removed by the methanol cleaning cycle. This showed no organic material or salt (halite), negating wetting change from inefficient cleaning. From a reactive clays [1] model perspective, these rock samples are considered clean-sand (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Phyllosilicates in the Sediment-Forming Processes: Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition
    Acta Geodyn. Geomater., Vol. 6, No. 1 (153), 13–43, 2009 PHYLLOSILICATES IN THE SEDIMENT-FORMING PROCESSES: WEATHERING, EROSION, TRANSPORTATION, AND DEPOSITION Jiří KONTA Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2 Home address: Korunní 127, 130 00 Prague 3, Czech Republic *Corresponding author‘s e-mail: [email protected] (Received October 2008, accepted January 2009) ABSTRACT Phyllosilicates are classified into the following groups: 1 - Neutral 1:1 structures: the kaolinite and serpentine group. 2 - Neutral 2:1 structures: the pyrophyllite and talc group. 3 - High-charge 2:1 structures, non-expansible in polar liquids: illite and the dioctahedral and trioctahedral micas, also brittle micas. 4 - Low- to medium-charge 2:1 structures, expansible phyllosilicates in polar liquids: smectites and vermiculites. 5 - Neutral 2:1:1 structures: chlorites. 6 - Neutral to weak-charge ribbon structures, so-called pseudophyllosilicates or hormites: palygorskite and sepiolite (fibrous crystalline clay minerals). 7 - Amorphous clay minerals. Order-disorder states, polymorphism, polytypism, and interstratifications of phyllosilicates are influenced by several factors: 1) a chemical micromilieu acting during the crystallization in any environment, including the space of clay pseudomorphs after original rock-forming silicates or volcanic glasses; 2) the accepted thermal energy; 3) the permeability. The composition and properties of parent rocks and minerals in the weathering crusts, the elevation, and topography of source areas and climatic conditions control the intensity of weathering, erosion, and the resulting assemblage of phyllosilicates to be transported after erosion. The enormously high accumulation of phyllosilicates in the sedimentary lithosphere is primarily conditioned by their high up to extremely high chemical stability in water-rich environments (expressed by index of corrosion, IKO).
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Interaction with Clay Minerals and Its Environmental and Biotechnological Implications
    minerals Review Microbial Interaction with Clay Minerals and Its Environmental and Biotechnological Implications Marina Fomina * and Iryna Skorochod Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny str., 154, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 13 August 2020; Accepted: 24 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: Clay minerals are very common in nature and highly reactive minerals which are typical products of the weathering of the most abundant silicate minerals on the planet. Over recent decades there has been growing appreciation that the prime involvement of clay minerals in the geochemical cycling of elements and pedosphere genesis should take into account the biogeochemical activity of microorganisms. Microbial intimate interaction with clay minerals, that has taken place on Earth’s surface in a geological time-scale, represents a complex co-evolving system which is challenging to comprehend because of fragmented information and requires coordinated efforts from both clay scientists and microbiologists. This review covers some important aspects of the interactions of clay minerals with microorganisms at the different levels of complexity, starting from organic molecules, individual and aggregated microbial cells, fungal and bacterial symbioses with photosynthetic organisms, pedosphere, up to environmental and biotechnological implications. The review attempts to systematize our current general understanding of the processes of biogeochemical transformation of clay minerals by microorganisms. This paper also highlights some microbiological and biotechnological perspectives of the practical application of clay minerals–microbes interactions not only in microbial bioremediation and biodegradation of pollutants but also in areas related to agronomy and human and animal health.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Phyllosilicates Observed on the Surface of Mars with Those Found in Martian Meteorites
    80th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1987) 6115.pdf COMPARISON OF PHYLLOSILICATES OBSERVED ON THE SURFACE OF MARS WITH THOSE FOUND IN MARTIAN METEORITES. J. L. Bishop1, and M. A. Velbel2,3, 1SETI Institute & NASA-Ames (Mountain View, CA, USA; [email protected]), 2Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI); 3Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC). Introduction: Phyllosilicates are an important indicator of aqueous processes on Mars and have been observed on the martian surface as well as inside martian meteorites. Here we survey the types of phyllosilicates detected at the surface of Mars and inside martian rocks in order to gain a better understanding of aqueous alteration processes taking place at Mars. Comparing the phyllosilicates observed on the surface today with those found in meteorites [1] may provide clues toward understanding which phyllosilicates formed in surface environments and which formed through subsurface processes. Martian Surface: Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates are present in numerous sites where the Noachian rocks are exposed [2]. These have been detected and characterized with the OMEGA [3] and CRISM [4] imaging spectrometers. Fe- rich smectite is the most abundant phyllosilicate on the surface of Mars [5], but a large variety of phyllosilicates and short-range-ordered (SRO) materials [6] have been observed. These include: nontronite, saponite, clinochlore, chamosite, serpentine, prehnite, talc, illite, beidelite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, halloysite, opal, hydrated silica, allophane, and imogolite. These are often observed together with iron oxides/hydroxides (FeOx), sulfates or car- bonates. Phyllosilicates and SROs have also been detected on Mars by CheMin on MSL [7]. Analyses of these data from several locations indicate the presence of trioctahedral and dioctahedral smectites and SRO phases [8, 9].
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Type Minerals / Marco E
    THE AUTHORS This book describes one by one all the 264 mi- neral species first discovered in Italy, from 1546 Marco E. Ciriotti was born in Calosso (Asti) in 1945. up to the end of 2008. Moreover, 28 minerals He is an amateur mineralogist-crystallographer, a discovered elsewhere and named after Italian “grouper”, and a systematic collector. He gradua- individuals and institutions are included in a pa- ted in Natural Sciences but pursued his career in the rallel section. Both chapters are alphabetically industrial business until 2000 when, being General TALIAN YPE INERALS I T M arranged. The two catalogues are preceded by Manager, he retired. Then time had come to finally devote himself to his a short presentation which includes some bits of main interest and passion: mineral collecting and information about how the volume is organized related studies. He was the promoter and is now the and subdivided, besides providing some other President of the AMI (Italian Micromineralogical As- more general news. For each mineral all basic sociation), Associate Editor of Micro (the AMI maga- data (chemical formula, space group symmetry, zine), and fellow of many organizations and mine- type locality, general appearance of the species, ralogical associations. He is the author of papers on main geologic occurrences, curiosities, referen- topological, structural and general mineralogy, and of a mineral classification. He was awarded the “Mi- ces, etc.) are included in a full page, together cromounters’ Hall of Fame” 2008 prize. Etymology, with one or more high quality colour photogra- geoanthropology, music, and modern ballet are his phs from both private and museum collections, other keen interests.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mineral Names*
    American Mineralogist, Volume 77, pages II16-1 121, 1992 NEW MINERAL NAMES* JonN L. J,lrvrnon CANMET, 555 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KlA 0G1, Canada Jacrr Pvztnwtcz Institute of Geological Sciences,University of Wroclaw, Cybulskiego30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland Camerolaite* wt0/0, corresponding to Na, ,u(ZnoroMnOo,o)ro ro - .4.03HrO, H. Sarp, P. Perroud (1991) (Ti38sNb0 07Fe' 04),3 e6Si8 08Or8 ideally Nau- Camerolaite,CuoAlr- . [HSbO.,SO4](OH),0(CO3). 2HrO, a new mineral from ZnTioSirO,, 4H,O. The mineral contains0.18-0.22 wto/o Cap Garonne mine, Var, France.Neues Jahrb. Mineral. F. Occurs as fan-shaped intergrowths of long prismatic Mon.,481-486. crystals,elongate [001], flattened [100], up to 7 mm long and 0.1 mm thick. Transparent, white to colorless,some Electron microprobe (ave. of eight) and CHN analyses grains with a silver tint; vitreous luster, elastic, crushes (for CO, and HrO) gaveCuO 40.56,AlrO3 14.54,SbrO5 into thin fibers along the elongation; uneven, splintery 13.55,SO3 4.75, CO2 6.26,F{2O 20.00, sum 99.66wto/o, fracture, white streak, yellow-green luminescencein the correspondingto Cu.,6,4,1, jeSo Co O,n ide- eesb' ol eeHrs 5, oo, electronmicroprobe beam, hardness 517-571 (ave.544) ally CuoAlr[HSbO4,SO4XOH),0(CO3).2HrO.Occurs as kglmm2 with a 20-g load (Mohs 5.5-6), no cleavage,{010} tufts and radiating aggregates(0.5-2 mm) of transparent, parting. D-"u" : 2.90, D"ut": 2.95 g/cm3 with Z : 2. blue-greenacicular crystalsup to 0.5 mm long and show- Colorlessin transmitted light, nonpleochroic, straight ex- ing {100} and {001}, flattenedon {100}, elongate[010].
    [Show full text]
  • Data of Geochemistry
    Data of Geochemistry ' * Chapter W. Chemistry of the Iron-rich Sedimentary Rocks GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 440-W Data of Geochemistry MICHAEL FLEISCHER, Technical Editor Chapter W. Chemistry of the Iron-rich Sedimentary Rocks By HAROLD L. JAMES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 440-W Chemical composition and occurrence of iron-bearing minerals of sedimentary rocks, and composition, distribution, and geochemistry of ironstones and iron-formations UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 45 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Face Abstract. _ _______________________________ Wl Chemistry of iron-rich rocks, etc. Continued Introduction. _________ ___________________ 1 Oxide facies Continued Iron minerals of sedimentary rocks __ ______ 2 Hematitic iron-formation of Precambrian age__ W18 Iron oxides __ _______________________ 2 Magnetite-rich rocks of Mesozoic and Paleozoic Goethite (a-FeO (OH) ) and limonite _ 2 age___________-__-._____________ 19 Lepidocrocite (y-FeO(OH) )________ 3 Magnetite-rich iron-formation of Precambrian Hematite (a-Fe2O3) _ _ _ __ ___. _ _ 3 age._____-__---____--_---_-------------_ 21 Maghemite (7-Fe203) __ __________ 3 Silicate facies_________________________________ 21 Magnetite (Fe3O4) ________ _ ___ 3 Chamositic ironstone____--_-_-__----_-_---_- 21 3 Silicate iron-formation of Precambrian age_____ 22 Iron silicates 4 Glauconitic rocks__-_-____--------__-------- 23 4 Carbonate facies______-_-_-___-------_---------- 23 Greenalite. ________________________________ 6 Sideritic rocks of post-Precambrian age._______ 24 Glauconite____ _____________________________ 6 Sideritic iron-formation of Precambrian age____ 24 Chlorite (excluding chamosite) _______________ 7 Sulfide facies___________________________ 25 Minnesotaite.
    [Show full text]