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Panel Session1：Advancing Triple Helix Theories Panel Session1：Advancing Triple Helix Theories Title and Author page Governance of Innovation Complexity Managing –Industry 4.0 and the Smart Service World 1 Christiane Gebhardt Open Innovation as a Driver of Economic Development in Emerging Markets: an Empirical Study of Two Triple Helix Projects in South Africa 9 Davis Cook, Daniël Nelab The TRIPLE HELIX relation in China-Mozambique Projects: The Case of IT infrastructure construction in Mozambique 25 Gertrudes Macueve,Jamisse Taimo Research Progress on Synergic innovation theory-- A Literature Review 40 HU Kai Exploring the co-evolution between Technical Innovation and Technology Standardization in Mobile Communication Industry 52 YE Weiwei The Efficiency of Triple-Helix Relations in Innovation Systems:Measuring the connection between a country’s net income and its knowledge base 63 Inga Ivanova, Øivind Strand, Loet Leydesdorff Importance of Inclusive Innovation Communities for the Regional Triple-Helix Systems in Globalized Economy 82 Mika Raunio Master Students in University–Industry–Government Collaborations 101 Jukka Lahtonen, Jari Ritsila Triple Helix for sustainable solutions in creating cluster of wildlife resources 111 Liana Kobzeva, Evgeniy Gribov Triple Helix as the base of local communities’ formation and sustainable city development. 121 Marina Shlapak, Marina Gorokhvodatskaya The Industry as a nexus for Triplex Innovation-Based Growth in Korea: Lessons from Samsung Corporation 133 Myung-Hwan Cho Cluster Organization of Innovation System of Region Within Framework of Triple Helix Model 155 Nikolay E Egorov,Grigoray S. Kovrov Framework for a sustainable regional innovation ecosystem 178 Vladimir Volkov 1 State Logic and Government’s Dominant Role in Formation of Shanghai State Electric Power Industry (1945-1965) 187 Ming Gao,Chunyan Zhou Management Learning in Students’ Innovation Team WANG Lianjuan,GUO Yaqian,WANG Yue,WANG Qiong,Yang Jingjing, Teng Xiaohong, 204 Yuan Jiaping Research on Double Triple Helix Model Framework of Innovation-driven Development——A Case Study of Shaanxi Province in China 219 Wang Guohong,Li Menglin Entrepreneurial Capability Scale and New Venture Performance: The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Education 233 Rebecca Wenjing Lv,Changqin Lai,Jin Liu 2 THC2015_NO.010 Governance of Innovation Complexity Managing –Industry 4.0 and the Smart Service World Christiane Gebhardt Based on: SmartServiceWorldWorkingGroup/acatech(Eds.):Industry4.0andtheSmartServiceWelt–Recommendati onsfortheStrategicInitiativeWeb-basedServicesforBusinesses. ChapteronOrganizationalChallengesandLeadershipModels GermanAcademyofScienceandEngineering FinalReport,Berlin,March2015. http://www.acatech.de/smart-service-welt Key Messages 1.Networking and System Model need innovative governance and leadership 2.The Smart Service Welt is disruptive –it is centered around the user. 3.Data driven business models 4.Digital market leadership will require new digital infrastructures and platforms 5.Smart Services are transforming Germany’s leading industries 6.Europe must complete its digital single market as quickly as possible 7.Stepping up the pace and solving the digital dilemma of trust and security 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 THC2015_NO.019 Open Innovation as a Driver of Economic Development in Emerging Markets:An assessment of two Triple Helix projects in Southern Africa Daniël Nel Institutional affiliation: The Research Institute for Innovation and Sustainability North West University Contact details: [email protected] Bio: Daniël is an Information Engineer at the Research Institute for Innovation and Sustainability. His academic background includes a Bachelors degree in Computer/Electronic Engineering (North West University) and he is currently enrolled for his post-graduate studies focusing on Technology Intelligence (M.Eng, North West University ). Daniël develops software tools for use in Open Innovation intermediation and management and Technology Intelligence gathering. This includes the development of big data analytics, collaboration platforms and natural language analysis software. He is also involved in several Triple Helix projects across Southern Africa, being the lead engineer for SOLEX, OpenIX, Regional Connect and Connect+Solve. Davis Cook Institutional affiliation: The Research Institute for Innovation and Sustainability Contact details: [email protected] +27 60 9673 411 Bio: Davis is the Chief Executive Officer of the Research Institute for Innovation and Sustainability, an Open Innovation Consultancy based in Pretoria, South Africa. Davis has broad academic background that includes undergraduate degrees in Physics and Applied Mathematics (Pretoria), and Politics, Philosophy and Economics (UNISA), along with post-graduate studies in Development Studies (SOAS, Uni. of London). Davis has worked internationally in financial, strategy and sustainability consulting, serving some of the largest private and public companies globally. He has also worked in economic development-focused roles in the South African government, with a focus on the role of innovation in promoting economic and social development. In his current role as CEO of RIIS, Davis aims to use open innovation approaches to stimulate and consolidate the national system of innovation in South and Southern Africa. Abstract: Open Innovation activities embedded in Triple Helix collaborations are a potential source of economic growth. Two triple helix projects in Southern Africa are evaluated by analysing their influence on the creation of social capital, network expansion, firm resilience and knowledge and technology transfer. There is evidence that open innovation in triple helix configurations contributes to technological development , but only under specific circumstances. It was found that low absorptive capacity of firms and bad IP regimes negatively affects direct technology transfer. Keywords: Open Innovation; Economic development; Triple Helix; Namibia; South Africa 9 1. Introduction Copious amounts of research has been done thus far on the drivers of economic growth. Various models attempt to describe it and policies aim to stimulate growth through diverse avenues. Comparatively little has been done to measure the direct influence of open innovation on economic growth. In this paper two Triple Helix Projects are analysed in terms of their economic impact with a specific focus on the open innovation within them. The first of these is a collaboration between multiple government entities, academic institutions and an industry partner with the goal of economic development in Southern Africa. A web-based open innovation broadcast platform was used to source and disseminate technology throughout the region. This collaboration spanned several countries including South Africa, Namibia, Mozambique and Zambia and was analysed in terms of its macro-economic impact. The second triple helix collaboration is smaller than the first, consisting of a single industry-university-government coupling. The aim of the collaboration is to develop the necessary tools for the effective management of open innovation in Southern Africa. The bulk of the collaboration outcome is localised within the boundaries of the industry partner. This partnership is analysed from the perspective of the micro-economic impact of open innovation, through triple helix collaboration, on small firms. The authors have searched through the literature and could not find a satisfactory paper describing the direct influence of open innovation on economic growth. Many periphery studies exist (see section 2) that describe the performance contribution of Open innovation within the firm but these do not go past mentioning innovation as an economic driver. One aim of this paper is to begin to address this shortcoming in the literature. The two triple helix collaborations are analysed by assessing five possible ways they could potentially contribution to economic growth. These five methods of economic growth contribution are: a. The creation of social capital through network expansion; b. Increased firm resilience; c. Fostering of human capital through knowledge transfer; d. Improved competitive advantage through knowledge and technology absorption; and e. Multi-factor growth through NSI collaborations. It is concluded that Open Innovation contributes to economic growth through all of the above stated avenues, but to varying degrees. The configuration and specific aims of a Triple Helix configuration shape the effect it has on organisations. Small firms with limited absorptive capacity draw little value from intermediated technology transfers; larger firms, with a greater absorptive capacity and available finances, can use it as an effective means to absorb external technology and so expand their competitive edge. 10 2. Theoretical Background The national state of innovation South Africa is a upper middle income country with some industries, infrastructure and capabilities that are on par with first world standards. On the other hand poverty, stable power supply and education are retardant factors in South Africa's development. The Global Innovation Index ranks South Africa as the 53rd most innovative country out of 142 with a score of 38.2, as calculated from key economic indicators. To put this into context consider that Switzerland, the first ranked country on the list, has a score of 64.8. South Africa's score is thus about 60% of that of the most innovative country. Compared to the other BRICS countries South Africa is more innovative than Brazil
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