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Issues Paper on Exploring Space Technologies for Sustainable Development and the Benefits of International Research Collaboration in This Context
United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development Inter-sessional Panel 2019-2020 7-8 November 2019 Geneva, Switzerland Issues Paper on Exploring space technologies for sustainable development and the benefits of international research collaboration in this context Draft Not to be cited Prepared by UNCTAD Secretariat1 18 October 2019 1 Contributions from the Governments of Austria, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, United States of America, as well as from the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Telecommunication Union, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the World Food Programme are gratefully acknowledged. Contents Table of figures ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of boxes ......................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 II. Space technologies for the Sustainable Development Goals ......................................................... 5 1. Food security and agriculture ..................................................................................................... 5 2. Health applications .................................................................................................................... -
Flexible Fluidic Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2019 Flexible Fluidic Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications Weiping Hu Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of -
Environmentally Controlled Curvature of Single Collagen Proteins
Environmentally controlled curvature of single collagen proteins Naghmeh Rezaei, Aaron Lyons and Nancy R. Forde* Department of Physics Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 CANADA *Corresponding author. 778-782-3161. [email protected]. ORCID: 0000-0002-5479-7073 - 1 - ABSTRACT The predominant structural protein in vertebrates is collagen, which plays a key role in extracellular matrix and connective tissue mechanics. Despite its prevalence and physical importance in biology, the mechanical properties of molecular collagen are far from established. The flexibility of its triple helix is unresolved, with descriptions from different experimental techniques ranging from flexible to semirigid. Furthermore, it is unknown how collagen type (homo- vs. heterotrimeric) and source (tissue-derived vs. recombinant) influence flexibility. Using SmarTrace, a chain tracing algorithm we devised, we performed statistical analysis of collagen conformations collected with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to Our results show that types I, II and III collagens the key fibrillar varieties exhibit molecular flexibilities that are very similar. However, collagen conformations are strongly modulated by salt, transitioning from compact to extended as KCl concentration increases, in both neutral and acidic pH. While analysis with a standard worm-like chain model suggests that the persistence length of collagen can attain almost any value within the literature range, closer inspection reveals that this modulation to changes in flexibility, but rather arises from the induction of curvature (either intrinsic or induced by interactions with the mica surface). By modifying standard polymer theory to include innate curvature, we show that collagen behaves as an equilibrated curved worm-like chain (cWLC) in two dimensions. -
Richard Phillips Feynman Physicist and Teacher Extraordinary
ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Richard Phillips Feynman Physicist and Teacher Extraordinary The first three decades of the twentieth century have been among the most momentous in the history of physics. The first saw the appearance of special relativity and the birth of quantum theory; the second the creation of general relativity. And in the third, quantum mechanics proper was discovered. These developments shaped the progress of fundamental physics for the rest of the century and beyond. While the two relativity theories were largely the creation of Albert Einstein, the quantum revolution took much more time and involved about a dozen of the most creative minds of a couple of generations. Of all those who contributed to the consolidation and extension of the quantum ideas in later decades – now from the USA as much as from Europe and elsewhere – it is generally agreed that Richard Phillips Feynman was the most gifted, brilliant and intuitive genius out of many extremely gifted physicists. Here are descriptions of him by leading physicists of his own, and older as well as younger generations: “He is a second Dirac, only this time more human.” – Eugene Wigner …Feynman was not an ordinary genius but a magician, that is one “who does things that nobody else could ever do and that seem completely unexpected.” – Hans Bethe “… an honest man, the outstanding intuitionist of our age and a prime example of what may lie in store for anyone who dares to follow the beat of a different drum..” – Julian Schwinger “… the most original mind of his generation.” – Freeman Dyson Richard Feynman was born on 11 May 1918 in Far Rockaway near New York to Jewish parents Lucille Phillips and Melville Feynman. -
Weighing Falling Bodies. Galileo's Thought Experiment in The
Weighing Falling Bodies. Galileo’s Thought Experiment in the Development of his Dynamical Thinking. Maarten Van Dyck Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science Centre for History of Science Ghent University [email protected] {The author is research assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) – Flanders} 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Tim De Mey, without whom I would have never plunged so deep in Galileo’s thought experiment; Paolo Palmieri, who made the invaluable suggestion that I should have a look at the postils to Rocco , and whose comments on a first version of this paper helped to significantly improve both its contents and presentation; and Sabina Leonelli for her much appreciated assistance in translating the Italian fragments from the postils to Rocco. 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction: The intelligibility of dynamics – the dynamics of intelligibility PART I – Understanding weight as a dynamic factor: Ambiguities 2. La bilancetta : Understanding mixtures and transforming gravities 2.a Solving the crown problem 2.b Balancing mixtures and speeds 3. De motu : Attempts at an Archimedean natural philosophy 3.a The dynamics of De motu 3.b From equal volumes to unit volumes 4. De motu : Introducing the thought experiment 4.a A hidden assumption 4.b The dynamical conundrum 5. Discorso : The impotence of specific gravity as a dynamic factor 5.a Moment and absolute weight 5.b Moment and specific weight 5.c The extrapolation argument PART II – Understanding weight as a dynamic factor: Towards a resolution 6. Postille a Roco : Rethinking the thought experiment 6.a Re-presenting the thought experiment 6.b Resolving the dynamical conundrum 7. -
Archons (Commanders) [NOTICE: They Are NOT Anlien Parasites], and Then, in a Mirror Image of the Great Emanations of the Pleroma, Hundreds of Lesser Angels
A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES WATCH THIS IMPORTANT VIDEO UFOs, Aliens, and the Question of Contact MUST-SEE THE OCCULT REASON FOR PSYCHOPATHY Organic Portals: Aliens and Psychopaths KNOWLEDGE THROUGH GNOSIS Boris Mouravieff - GNOSIS IN THE BEGINNING ...1 The Gnostic core belief was a strong dualism: that the world of matter was deadening and inferior to a remote nonphysical home, to which an interior divine spark in most humans aspired to return after death. This led them to an absorption with the Jewish creation myths in Genesis, which they obsessively reinterpreted to formulate allegorical explanations of how humans ended up trapped in the world of matter. The basic Gnostic story, which varied in details from teacher to teacher, was this: In the beginning there was an unknowable, immaterial, and invisible God, sometimes called the Father of All and sometimes by other names. “He” was neither male nor female, and was composed of an implicitly finite amount of a living nonphysical substance. Surrounding this God was a great empty region called the Pleroma (the fullness). Beyond the Pleroma lay empty space. The God acted to fill the Pleroma through a series of emanations, a squeezing off of small portions of his/its nonphysical energetic divine material. In most accounts there are thirty emanations in fifteen complementary pairs, each getting slightly less of the divine material and therefore being slightly weaker. The emanations are called Aeons (eternities) and are mostly named personifications in Greek of abstract ideas. -
Einstein and Hilbert: the Creation of General Relativity
EINSTEIN AND HILBERT: THE CREATION OF GENERAL RELATIVITY ∗ Ivan T. Todorov Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik, Universit¨at G¨ottingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 D-37077 G¨ottingen, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] and Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Tsarigradsko Chaussee 72, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria;∗∗e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT It took eight years after Einstein announced the basic physical ideas behind the relativistic gravity theory before the proper mathematical formulation of general relativity was mastered. The efforts of the greatest physicist and of the greatest mathematician of the time were involved and reached a breathtaking concentration during the last month of the work. Recent controversy, raised by a much publicized 1997 reading of Hilbert’s proof- sheets of his article of November 1915, is also discussed. arXiv:physics/0504179v1 [physics.hist-ph] 25 Apr 2005 ∗ Expanded version of a Colloquium lecture held at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, 9 December 1992 and (updated) at the International University Bremen, 15 March 2005. ∗∗ Permanent address. Introduction Since the supergravity fashion and especially since the birth of superstrings a new science emerged which may be called “high energy mathematical physics”. One fad changes the other each going further away from accessible experiments and into mathe- matical models, ending up, at best, with the solution of an interesting problem in pure mathematics. The realization of the grand original design seems to be, decades later, nowhere in sight. For quite some time, though, the temptation for mathematical physi- cists (including leading mathematicians) was hard to resist. -
Richard P. Feynman Author
Title: The Making of a Genius: Richard P. Feynman Author: Christian Forstner Ernst-Haeckel-Haus Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Berggasse 7 D-07743 Jena Germany Fax: +49 3641 949 502 Email: [email protected] Abstract: In 1965 the Nobel Foundation honored Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, and Richard Feynman for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics and the consequences for the physics of elementary particles. In contrast to both of his colleagues only Richard Feynman appeared as a genius before the public. In his autobiographies he managed to connect his behavior, which contradicted several social and scientific norms, with the American myth of the “practical man”. This connection led to the image of a common American with extraordinary scientific abilities and contributed extensively to enhance the image of Feynman as genius in the public opinion. Is this image resulting from Feynman’s autobiographies in accordance with historical facts? This question is the starting point for a deeper historical analysis that tries to put Feynman and his actions back into historical context. The image of a “genius” appears then as a construct resulting from the public reception of brilliant scientific research. Introduction Richard Feynman is “half genius and half buffoon”, his colleague Freeman Dyson wrote in a letter to his parents in 1947 shortly after having met Feynman for the first time.1 It was precisely this combination of outstanding scientist of great talent and seeming clown that was conducive to allowing Feynman to appear as a genius amongst the American public. Between Feynman’s image as a genius, which was created significantly through the representation of Feynman in his autobiographical writings, and the historical perspective on his earlier career as a young aspiring physicist, a discrepancy exists that has not been observed in prior biographical literature. -
Comics and Science Fiction in West Bengal
DANIELA CAPPELLO | 1 Comics and Science Fiction in West Bengal Daniela Cappello Abstract: In this paper I look at four examples of Bengali SF (science fiction) comics by two great authors and illustrators of sequential art: Mayukh Chaudhuri (Yātrī, Smārak) and Narayan Debnath (Ḍrāgoner thābā, Ajānā deśe). Departing from a con- ventional understanding of SF as a fixed genre, I aim at showing that the SF comic is a ‘mode’ rather than a ‘genre’, building on a very fluid notion of boundaries between narrative styles, themes, and tropes formally associated with fixed genres. In these Bengali comics, it is especially the visual space of the comic that allows for blending and ‘contamination’ with other typical features drawn from adventure and detective fiction. Moreover, a dominant thematic thread that cross-cuts the narratives here examined are the tropes of the ‘other’ and the ‘unknown’, which are in fact central images of both adventure and SF: the exploration and encounter with ‘unknown’ (ajānā) worlds and ‘strange’ species (adbhut jāti) is mirrored in the usage of a lan- guage that expresses ‘otherness’ and strangeness. These examples show that the medium of the comic framing the SF story adds further possibilities of reading ‘genre hybridity’ as constitutive of the genre of SF as such. WHAT’S IN A COMIC? Before addressing SF comics in West Bengal, I will first look at some interna- tional definitions of comic to outline the main problematics that have been raised in the literature on this subject. In one of the first books introducing the world of comics to artists and academics, Will Eisner looks at the me- chanics of ‘sequential art’ (a term coined by Eisner himself) describing it as a dual ‘form of reading’ (Eisner 1985: 8): The format of the comic book presents a montage of both word and image, and the reader is thus required to exercise both visual and verbal interpretive skills. -
Motoo Kimura (1924-1994)
Motoo Kimura (1924-1994) OR decades the field of mathematical population prize-winners. When our textbook (CROW and KIMURA F genetics and evolutionary theory was dominated 1970) was published, he used his royalties to build a by the three pioneers,J. B. S. HALDANE,R. A. FISHER, tiny greenhouse attached to his home. Every Sunday and SEM'A1.L. WRIGHT.M'ith WRIGI-IT'Sdeath (CROW was orchid day. He used his artistic talent to paint pic- 1988), and for some time before, the leadingsuccessor tures of his favorite flowers, usually on chinaware. to this great heritage was MOTOO KIMURA.Although From age 17 to 19 KIMURA was in high school, where best known for his daring neutral theory of molecular a friendly and scientifically literate teacher encouraged evolution, a concept of great interest andequally great his study of chromosome morphology, and hebecame controversy, he is admired by populationgeneticists a plant cytogeneticist. At that time, cytogenetics was even more forhis deep contributions to the mathemati- very popular in Japan,and he joined thearmy of chro- cal theory. mosome watchers. During this period he was also fasci- MOTOO KIMURA was born November 13,1924 in Oka- nated by a physics course. HIDEKIYUKAWA, later to win zaki, Japan. He diedNovember 13, 1994, on theseventi- the Nobel Prize for predicting the meson, became his eth anniversary of his birth. For some timehe had been scientific hero, and KIMURA began to take an interest a victim of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and was pro- in mathematics as the language of science. gressively weakening. Nevertheless, his death was acci- Japan was then in themidst of World War 11, and the dental. -
CHRONIK RAUMFAHRTSTARTS Januar Bis März 2018 Von Arno Fellenberg
Heft 45 Ausgabe 1/2018 RC I RAUMFAHRT INFORMATIONS CONCRET DIENST CHRONIK RAUMFAHRTSTARTS Januar bis März 2018 von Arno Fellenberg Raumfahrt Concret Informationsdienst – RCI – 2 – Raumfahrt Concret Informationsdienst RC I RAUMFAHRT INFORMATIONS CONCRET DIENST INHALT COPYRIGHT 2018 / AUTOR VORWORT SEITE 3 CHRONOLOGISCHE STARTFOLGE SEITE 4 BAHNDATEN SEITE 31 ABSTÜRZE UND LANDUNGEN SEITE 38 Impressum Herausgeber: Redaktionskollegium: Raumfahrt Concret Arno Fellenberg (Chronik) Informationsdienst (RCI) Michael Gräfe (SLS & Orion) Ralf Hupertz (Layout) Verlagsanschrift: Jürgen Stark (Statistik) Verlag Iniplu 2000 c/o Initiative 2000 plus e.V. Redaktionsanschrift: Lindenstr. 63 Arno Fellenberg 17033 Neubrandenburg Bochumer Landstr. 256 45276 Essen Druck: [email protected] Henryk Walther Papier- & Druck-Center GmbH & Co. KG Einzelpreis: Neubrandenburg 5,00 € www.walther-druck.de RC-Kunden: 3,00 € Fotos Titelseite (SpaceX): Erststart der Falcon Heavy und Landung der beiden seitlichen Booster (18-017) Chronik – Raumfahrtstarts, Januar bis März 2018 Raumfahrt Concret Informationsdienst – 3 – Chronik Raumfahrtstarts Januar bis März 2018 von Arno Fellenberg Liebe Leserinnen und Leser! Mit dem ersten Teil der RCI-Chronik Raumfahrtstarts des Jahres 2018 beginnen wir den zwölften Jahrgang umfangreicher Informationen zu allen Raumfahrtstarts weltweit unter dem Logo des Raumfahrt Concret Informationsdienst. Diese Ausgabe umfasst die Starts der Monate Januar bis März 2018. Sie finden in diesem Band in chronologischer Folge wichtige Angaben zu allen Raum- fahrtstarts des Berichtszeitraums. Wie gewohnt, werden alle Raumflugkörper näher vor- gestellt und deren Mission wird kurz beschrieben. Weiterhin finden Sie hier eine kompakte Startliste, die die wichtigsten verfügbaren Bahnparameter dieser Raumflugkörper umfasst. Schließlich sind alle Satelliten aufgelistet, die im Berichtszeitraum abgestürzt sind bzw. zur Erde zurückgeführt wurden. Beim Transport von Kleinsatelliten zur ISS, werden diese im Bericht des Startfahrzeuges beschrieben. -
Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2015 Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications Yang Ding University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, Biology Commons, and the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Ding, Yang, "Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications" (2015). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1687. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1687 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1687 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications Abstract There has been a long tradition in molecular evolution to study selective pressures operating at the amino-acid level. But protein-coding variation is not the only level on which molecular adaptations occur, and it is not clear what roles non-coding variation has played in evolutionary history, since they have not yet been systematically explored. In this dissertation I systematically explore several aspects of selective pressures of noncoding nucleotide variation: The first project (Chapter 2) describes research on the determinants of eukaryotic translation dynamics, which include selection on non-coding aspects of DNA variation. Deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments and polysome gradients in various eukaryotic organisms have revealed an intriguing pattern: shorter mRNAs tend to have a greater overall density of ribosomes than longer mRNAs. There is debate about the cause of this trend. To resolve this open question, I systematically analysed 5’ mRNA structure and codon usage patterns in short versus long genes across 100 sequenced eukaryotic genomes.