DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 64, No. 78/Friday, April 23, 1999/Proposed Rules

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 64, No. 78/Friday, April 23, 1999/Proposed Rules 19958 Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 78 / Friday, April 23, 1999 / Proposed Rules today's action is provided in the Final Butte County AQMD, 9287 Midway, Suite public comments received will be Rule Section of this Federal Register. 1A, Durham, California 95938 addressed in a subsequent final rule In the Final Rules Section of this Ventura County APCD, 669 County Square based on this proposed rule. EPA will Federal Register, the EPA is approving Drive, Ventura, California 93003 not institute a second comment period these General Conformity SIP revisions Mojave Desert AQMD, 15428 Civic Drive, Suite 200, Victorville, California 92392± on this document. Any parties as a direct final rulemaking without 2383 interested in commenting on this prior proposal because the EPA views Yolo-Solano AQMD, 1947 Galileo Court, document should do so at this time. this action as noncontroversial and Suite 103, Davis, California 95616 DATES: Comments on this proposed rule anticipates no adverse comments. A FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: must be received in writing by May 24, detailed rationale for the approval is set Doris Lo, Planning Office (AIR2), Air 1999. forth in the direct final rule. If no Division, U.S. Environmental Protection ADDRESSES: Comments may be mailed to adverse comments are received in Agency, Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Makeba A. Morris, Chief, Technical response to that direct final rule, no Street, San Francisco, CA 94105±3901, Assessment Branch, Mailcode 3AP22, further activity is contemplated in (415) 744±1287. Environmental Protection Agency, relation to this proposed rule. If the EPA SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: See the Region III, 1650 Arch Street, receives adverse comments, the direct information provided in the Direct Final Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. final rule will be withdrawn and all rule which in located in the Rules public comments received will be FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Section of this Federal Register. addressed in a subsequent final rule James B. Topsale at (215) 814±2190, or based on this proposed rule. The EPA List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 by e-mail at [email protected]. While questions may be forwarded to will not institute a second comment Environmental protection, Air period on this action. Any parties EPA via e-mail, comments on this pollution control, Carbon Monoxide, proposed rule must be submitted in interested in providing comments on General conformity, Hydrocarbons, this action should do so at this time. writing in accordance with procedures Incorporation by reference, outlined above. DATES: Comments must be received in Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: See the writing and postmarked by May 24, dioxide, Ozone, Particulate matter, information provided in the direct final 1999. Volatile organic compound. ADDRESSES: rule, of the same title, which is located Written comments must be Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401±7671q. submitted to: Doris Lo, Planning Office in the rules section of the Federal Dated: January 29, 1999. [AIR2], Air Division, U.S. Register. Environmental Protection Agency, Laura Yoshii, Dated: April 15, 1999. Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Acting Regional Administrator, Region 9. Thomas C. Voltaggio, Francisco, CA 94105±3901. [FR Doc. 99±9997 Filed 4±22±99; 8:45 am] Acting Regional Administrator, Region III. Copies of the rule revisions and EPA's BILLING CODE 6560±50±P [FR Doc. 99±10230 Filed 4±22±99; 8:45 am] evaluation report are available for BILLING CODE 6560±50±P public inspection at EPA's Region 9 office during normal business hours. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Copies of the submitted rule revisions ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION are also available for inspection at the 40 CFR Part 62 AGENCY following locations: Arizona Department of Environmental [MD056±3022b; FRL±6330±6] 40 CFR Parts 152, 174, and 180 Quality, 3033 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85012 Approval and Promulgation of State [OPP±300369A; FRL±6077±6] California Air Resources Board, 2020 L Air Quality Plans for Designated Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, Facilities and Pollutants, Maryland; RIN 2070±AC02 California 95812 Control of Emissions From Large El Dorado County APCD, 2850 Fairlane Municipal Waste Combustors Plant-Pesticides, Supplemental Notice Court, Placerville, California 95667 of Availability of Information Great Basin Unified APCD, 157 Short Street, AGENCY: Environmental Protection Suite #6, Bishop, California 93514 Agency (EPA). AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Monterey Bay Unified APCD, 24580 Silver ACTION: Proposed rule. Cloud Court, Monterey, California 93940 ACTION: Proposed rule; supplemental San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD, 1999 SUMMARY: EPA proposes to approve the notice. Tuolumne Street, Suite 200, Fresno, municipal waste combustor (MWC) California 93721 111(d)/129 plan submitted by the Air SUMMARY: EPA is soliciting comment on Santa Barbara County APCD, 26 Castillian and Radiation Management a request to substitute an alternative Drive, B±23, Goleta, California 93117 name for the term ``plant-pesticide.'' South Coast AQMD, 21865 E. Copley Drive, Administration, Maryland Department Diamond Bar, California 91765±4182 of the Environment, on December 4, This document also solicits suggestions Feather River AQMD, 463 Palora Avenue, 1997, and as amended on October 7, for appropriate alternative names. Yuba City, California 95991±4711 1998. In the final rules section of the DATES: Comments and data must be Placer County APCD, 11464 B Avenue, Federal Register, EPA is approving the received on or before May 24, 1999. Auburn, California 95603 plan. A detailed rationale for the ADDRESSES: Comments and data may be Sacramento Metro AQMD, 8411 Jackson approval is set forth in the direct final submitted by mail, electronically, or in Road, Sacramento, California 95826 rule. If no adverse comments are person. Please follow the detailed Bay Area AQMD, 939 Ellis Street, San Francisco, California 94109 received in response to this proposed instructions for each method as Imperial County APCD, 150 South Ninth rule, no further activity is contemplated provided in Units I.C. and D. of this Street, El Centro, California 92243±2850 in relation to this rule. If EPA receives document. To ensure proper receipt by San Diego County APCD, 9150 Chesapeake relevant adverse comments, the direct EPA, your comments and data must Drive, San Diego, California 92123±1096 final rule will be withdrawn and all identify the docket control number VerDate 23-MAR-99 11:23 Apr 22, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\23APP1.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 23APP1 Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 78 / Friday, April 23, 1999 / Proposed Rules 19959 OPP±300369A in the subject line on the 22202; telephone: (703) 308±8260; e- scale field tests during the process of first page of your response. mail address: [email protected]. developing plant-pesticides, or if you FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: By SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: sell or distribute plant-pesticides. mail: Philip Hutton, Biopesticides and I. General Information Potentially affected entities may Pollution Prevention Division (7511C), include, but are not limited to: Office of Pesticide Programs, A. Does This Document Apply To Me? Environmental Protection Agency, 1921 You may be potentially affected by Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA this document, if you conduct large Category Examples of potentially affected entities Field testing Universities; domestic, foreign, or multinational biotechnology companies; chemical com- panies; or seed companies Selling and distributing Domestic, foreign, or multinational biotechnology companies; chemical companies; or seed companies This table is not intended to be 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, D. How Should I Handle CBI exhaustive, but rather provides a guide excluding legal holidays. The Public Information That I Want To Submit To for readers regarding the types of Information and Records Integrity the Agency? entities potentially affected by this Branch telephone number is (703) 305± You may claim information that you document. If you have any questions 5805. regarding the applicability of this submit in response to the document as document to a particular entity, consult C. How and To Whom Do I Submit CBI by marking any part or all of that the technical person listed in the ``FOR Comments? information as CBI. Information so FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT'' marked will not be disclosed except in at the beginning of this document. You may submit comments and data accordance with procedures set forth in through the mail, in person, or 40 CFR part 2. A copy of the comment B. How Can I Get Additional electronically. To ensure proper receipt and data that does not contain CBI must Information or Copies of This Document by EPA, your comments and data must be submitted for inclusion in the public or Other Documents? identify the docket control number record. Information not marked 1. Electronically. You may obtain OPP±300369A in the subject line on the confidential will be included in the electronic copies of this document and first page of your response. public docket by EPA without prior other documents from the EPA Internet notice. If you have any questions about 1. By mail. Submit written comments CBI or the procedures for claiming CBI, Home Page at http://www.epa.gov/. On and data to: Public Information and the Home Page, select ``Laws and please consult with the technical person Records Integrity Branch, Information Regulations'' and then look up the entry
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Regulation and Other Secondary Effects of Herbicides Edivaldo D
    Weed Science 2010 58:351–354 Growth Regulation and Other Secondary Effects of Herbicides Edivaldo D. Velini, Maria L. B. Trindade, Luis Rodrigo M. Barberis, and Stephen O. Duke* As all herbicides act on pathways or processes crucial to plants, in an inhibitory or stimulatory way, low doses of any herbicide might be used to beneficially modulate plant growth, development, or composition. Glyphosate, the most used herbicide in the world, is widely applied at low rates to ripen sugarcane. Low rates of glyphosate also can stimulate plant growth (this effect is called hormesis). When applied at recommended rates for weed control, glyphosate can inhibit rust diseases in glyphosate-resistant wheat and soybean. Fluridone blocks carotenoid biosynthesis by inhibition of phytoene desaturase and is effective in reducing the production of abscisic acid in drought-stressed plants. Among the acetolactate synthase inhibitors, sulfometuron-methyl is widely used to ripen sugarcane and imidazolinones can be used to suppress turf species growth. The application of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors can trigger plant defenses against pathogens. Glufosinate, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, is also known to improve the control of plant diseases. Auxin agonists (i.e., dicamba and 2,4-D) are effective, low-cost plant growth regulators. Currently, auxin agonists are still used in tissue cultures to induce somatic embryogenesis and to control fruit ripening, to reduce drop of fruits, to enlarge fruit size, or to extend the harvest period in citrus orchards. At low doses, triazine herbicides stimulate growth through beneficial effects on nitrogen metabolism and through auxin-like effects. Thus, sublethal doses of several herbicides have applications other than weed control.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Role of Ethephon in Controlling the Noxious Weed Ipomoea Cairica
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A novel role of ethephon in controlling the noxious weed Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet Received: 09 April 2015 1,* 1,* 1,3,* 2 1 Accepted: 22 May 2015 Zhong-Yu Sun , Tai-Jie Zhang , Jin-Quan Su , Wah Soon Chow , Jia-Qin Liu , 1 1 3 1 Published: 18 June 2015 Li-Ling Chen , Wei-Hua Li , Shao-Lin Peng & Chang-Lian Peng Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion of this weed is still a challenge. Since ethylene is one of the major intermediate functioning products during the eradication process, we explored the possibility, mechanism and efficiency of using ethephon which can release ethylene to control Ipomoea cairica. The results of the pot experiment showed that 7.2 g /L ethephon could totally kill Ipomoea cairica including the stems and roots. The water culture experiment indicated that ethephon released an abundance of ethylene directly in leaves and caused increases in electrolyte leakage, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 and decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, finally leading to the death of Ipomoea cairica. The field experiment showed that the theoretical effective concentration of ethephon for controlling Ipomoea cairica (weed control efficacy, WCE = 98%) was 4.06 g/L and the half inhibitory concentration (I50) was 0.56 g/L. More than 50% of the accompanying species were insensitive to the phytotoxicity of ethephon. Therefore, ethephon is an excellent alternative herbicide for controlling Ipomoea cairica.
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
    US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401
    [Show full text]
  • Ten Reasons Not to Use Pesticides
    JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ SUMMER 2006 • VOL. 26, NO. 2 PESTICIDE BASICS contaminated with pesticides. They play in ways that in- crease their exposure. Also, their growing bodies can be Ten Reasons Not to Use particularly sensitive. EPA succinctly summarizes the reasons why children should not be Pesticides exposed to pesticides: • their internal organs are still BY CAROLINE COX has written, “the range of these adverse developing and maturing, health effects includes acute and persis- • in relation to their body weight, tent injury to the nervous system, lung infants and children eat and drink damage, injury to reproductive organs, more than adults, possibly increasing 1. Pesticides don’t solve pest dysfunction of the immune and endo- problems. They don’t change their exposure to pesticides in food crine [hormone] systems, birth defects, and water. the conditions that encourage and cancer.”3 pests. • certain behaviors--such as play- Pesticides that damage human ing on floors or lawns or putting Some pesticides are remarkably ef- health are used in staggering amounts. objects in their mouths—increase a ficient tools for killing pests, but almost Consider just the 27 most commonly 4 child’s exposure to pesticides used in all do nothing to solve pest problems. used pesticides. Fifteen of these have 8 5 homes and yards. To solve a pest problem, the most been classified as carcinogens by EPA Researchers continue to gather de- important step is to change the con- and their use totals about 300 million 4 tailed evidence that EPA’s concerns ditions that have allowed the pest to pounds every year.
    [Show full text]
  • AP-42, Vol. 1, Final Background Document for Pesticide Application
    Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 9.2.2 Pesticide Application Final Report For U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Emission Inventory Branch EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0159 Work Assignment No. I-08 MRI Project No. 4601-08 September 1994 Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 9.2.2 Pesticide Application Final Report For U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Emission Inventory Branch Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Attn: Mr. Dallas Safriet (MD-14) Emission Factor and Methodology EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0159 Work Assignment No. I-08 MRI Project No. 4601-08 September 1994 NOTICE The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-D2-0159 to Midwest Research Institute. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. iii iv PREFACE This report was prepared by Midwest Research Institute (MRI) for the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under Contract No. 68-D2-0159, Assignment No. 005 and I-08. Mr. Dallas Safriet was the EPA work assignment manager for this project. Approved for: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE Roy M. Neulicht Program Manager Environmental Engineering Department Jeff Shular Director, Environmental Engineering Department September 29, 1994 v vi CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Minnesota Chemicals of High Concern List
    Minnesota Department of Health, Chemicals of High Concern List, 2019 Persistent, Bioaccumulative, Toxic (PBT) or very Persistent, very High Production CAS Bioaccumulative Use Example(s) and/or Volume (HPV) Number Chemical Name Health Endpoint(s) (vPvB) Source(s) Chemical Class Chemical1 Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP Wood and textiles finishes, Cancer, Respiratory 11th ROC); WA Appen1; WA CHCC; disinfection, tissue 50-00-0 Formaldehyde x system, Eye irritant Minnesota HRV; Minnesota RAA preservative Gastrointestinal Minnesota HRL Contaminant 50-00-0 Formaldehyde (in water) system EU Category 1 Endocrine disruptor pesticide 50-29-3 DDT, technical, p,p'DDT Endocrine system Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP PAH (chem-class) 11th ROC; OSPAR Chemicals of Concern; EuC Endocrine Disruptor Cancer, Endocrine Priority List; EPA Final PBT Rule for 50-32-8 Benzo(a)pyrene x x system TRI; EPA Priority PBT); Oregon P3 List; WA Appen1; Minnesota HRV WA Appen1; Minnesota HRL Dyes and diaminophenol mfg, wood preservation, 51-28-5 2,4-Dinitrophenol Eyes pesticide, pharmaceutical Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; NTP 11th Preparation of amino resins, 51-79-6 Urethane (Ethyl carbamate) Cancer, Development ROC); WA Appen1 solubilizer, chemical intermediate Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP Research; PAH (chem-class) 11th ROC; EPA Final PBT Rule for 53-70-3 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Cancer x TRI; WA PBT List; OSPAR Chemicals of Concern); WA Appen1; Oregon P3 List Maine (CA Prop 65; NTP 11th ROC); Research 53-96-3 2-Acetylaminofluorene Cancer WA Appen1 Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP Lubricant, antioxidant, 55-18-5 N-Nitrosodiethylamine Cancer 11th ROC); WA Appen1 plastics stabilizer Maine (CA Prop 65; IRIS; NTP 11th Pesticide (EPA reg.
    [Show full text]
  • INSECT, WEED, Anddisease CONTROL in TURFGRASS
    SC-039 5/17 WEED,INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS 2017–18 WEED, INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS Editor Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Authors Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Matt Elmore, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Young-Ki Jo, Associate Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Diane Silcox Reynolds, Post-doctoral Research Associate, Entomology AggieTurf: http://aggieturf.tamu.edu Contents Introduction . 1 Herbicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification . 3 Herbicides for general control of grassy and broadleaf weeds . 4 Preemergence herbicides for grassy and broadleaf weeds . 4 Selective postemergence herbicides . 9 Synthetic auxin postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds . 19 Product formulations containing synthetic auxin herbicides . 21 Nonsynthetic auxin postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds . 23 Nonselective herbicides for general weed control . 24 Herbicides for commonly occurring weeds . 25 Crabgrass (Digitaria spp ). 25 Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) . 27 Sandbur (Cenchrus spp ). 30 Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L ). 33 Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir ). 39 WEEDS Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp ). 41 Nutsedge (Cyperus spp ). and kyllinga (Kyllinga spp ). 43 Khakiweed and mat chafflower (Alternanthera spp ). 46 Herbicides containing sulfentrazone . 47 Herbicides containing quinclorac . 48 Turfgrass tolerance to postemergence herbicides . 49 Plant growth regulators . 51 Insect pests in turfgrasses . 53 Insecticide Mode of Action (MOA) classification . 55 Insecticides registered for use in turfgrasses . 56 Ants . 56 Armyworms . 58 Billbugs . 61 Black turfgrass ataenius . 63 Chinch bugs . 66 Cutworms . 69 Green June beetles . 72 Mealybugs . 74 Mites . 75 INSECTS Mole crickets . 76 Red imported fire ants . 79 Sod webworms . 81 White grubs . 84 Diseases in Texas turfgrasses . 86 Fungicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification .
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 Theinternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Was Established in 1980
    The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 cation Hazard of Pesticides by and Guidelines to Classi The WHO Recommended Classi The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 TheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was established in 1980. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification, 2019 edition ISBN 978-92-4-000566-2 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000567-9 (print version) ISSN 1684-1042 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS for FINE TURF Bert Mccarty Plant Growth Retardants (PGR's) Or Inhibitors Are Increasingly Being Used To
    101 PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR FINE TURF Bert McCarty Plant growth retardants (PGR's) or inhibitors are increasingly being used to suppress seedheads and leaf growth due to rising mowing costs and danger posed to operators and other personnel. Traditionally, plant growth retardants have been used in the South to suppress bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) seedhead production exclusively in low maintenance areas such as highway roadsides, airports, and golf course roughs. However, in recent years, new chemicals which may be used in higher maintained commercial turf situations have been developed. Several undesirable characteristics which have been associated with growth retardants include: phytotoxicity (burn) of treated leaves from 4 to 6 weeks following applications; reduced recuperative potential from physical damage to treated turf; and increased weed pressure due to reduced competition from treated turf. Normally, growth retardants are used in low maintenance areas; therefore, these undesirable characteristics do not pose a problem to most managers. However, several growth regulatory materials have recently been developed for use on hybrid bermudagrass fairways and St. Augustinegrass. Vertical topgrowth (clippings) is suppressed, but horizontal spread (runners) is not. Therefore, turf recovery from golf club divots and other injuries occurs while topgrowth remains suppressed. Other uses involve areas where mowing has been discontinued due to heavy rains, equipment failure, etc., but topgrowth remains suppressed if the grass is treated. Note: These retardants used on hybrid bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass do not satisfactorily suppress seedhead development. PGRs are separated into two groups, Type I and Type II, based on their method of growth inhibition or suppression.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbicides As Ripeners for Sugarcane Caleb D
    Weed Science 2010 58:329–333 Herbicides as Ripeners for Sugarcane Caleb D. Dalley and Edward P. Richard, Jr.* Chemical ripening of sugarcane is an important component to profitable sugar production in the United States as well as other sugarcane industries throughout the world. Harvesting of sugarcane often begins before the sugarcane reaches the desirable maturity level. This is especially true in the Louisiana sugarcane industry where the window for harvesting is limited because of the risk of freezing temperatures encountered in a temperate climate. Research on the application of chemicals, mostly of herbicide origin, to enhance sucrose accumulation (ripening) or limit flowering to conserve stored sucrose has been conducted for more than 60 yr. The only sugarcane ripener currently registered for use in the United States is glyphosate applied before harvest. The herbicide fluazifop is used as the primary ripener of sugarcane in South Africa. The herbicides glyphosate, fluazifop, and sulfometuron-methyl and the growth regulators ethephon and trinexapac- ethyl are registered for use in Brazil. There is a continuing need to evaluate sugarcane ripeners to increase the utility of currently registered ripeners and to find additional ripeners for use by sugarcane industries. The need for alternatives to glyphosate is especially critical before a glyphosate-tolerant sugarcane can be utilized to improve control of problematic weeds. Nomenclature: Ethephon; fluazifop; glyphosate; sulfometuron-methyl; trinexapac-ethyl; sugarcane, Saccharum interspecific hybrid. Key words: Growth regulators, sucrose, sugar. Sugarcane is cultivated as a vegetatively propagated exacerbated by the decrease in the number of sugar mills and perennial crop. In Louisiana, sugarcane is planted in late the increased productivity of sugarcane growers hauling summer using either whole stalks or stalk pieces that are greater quantities of cane.
    [Show full text]
  • China Releases New Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides In
    GB 2763-2016 THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 3/31/2017 GAIN Report Number: CH17016 China - Peoples Republic of Post: Beijing China Releases New Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food Report Categories: FAIRS Subject Report Approved By: Lisa Anderson Prepared By: FAS Staff Report Highlights: On December 18, 2016, the Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission, Ministry of Agriculture, China Food and Drug Administration released the National Food Safety Standard - Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Foods (GB 2763-2016). The standard will replace the current MRL Standard (GB 2763-2014) and will be implemented on June 18, 2017. This report provides an unofficial translation of the standard. Editors’ Note: The asterisk appearing in the MRL column means that the limit is a temporary MRL. A temporary MRL is usually set under the following four conditions: 1. The dietary risk assessment data is incomplete; 2. The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is temporary (ADI is used as the basis for MRL setting); 3. There is no surveillance or analysis method for the MRL that complies with the standard requirements; 4. In emergency situations, the pesticide is approved to be used on un-registered crops. I GB 2763-2016 General Information: BEGIN TRANSLATION ICS 65.100 G 25 GB National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GB 2763—2016 Replacing GB 2763 - 2014 National food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food General Information: National Health and Family Planning Commission Issued by: Ministry of Agriculture China Food and Drug Administration Issued on: 2016-12-18 Implementation:2017-06-18 II GB 2763-2016 Table of Content Preface ...............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]