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INSECT, WEED, Anddisease CONTROL in TURFGRASS

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INSECT, WEED, Anddisease CONTROL in TURFGRASS SC-039 5/17 WEED,INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS 2017–18 WEED, INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS Editor Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Authors Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Matt Elmore, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Young-Ki Jo, Associate Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Diane Silcox Reynolds, Post-doctoral Research Associate, Entomology AggieTurf: http://aggieturf.tamu.edu Contents Introduction . 1 Herbicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification . 3 Herbicides for general control of grassy and broadleaf weeds . 4 Preemergence herbicides for grassy and broadleaf weeds . 4 Selective postemergence herbicides . 9 Synthetic auxin postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds . 19 Product formulations containing synthetic auxin herbicides . 21 Nonsynthetic auxin postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds . 23 Nonselective herbicides for general weed control . 24 Herbicides for commonly occurring weeds . 25 Crabgrass (Digitaria spp ). 25 Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) . 27 Sandbur (Cenchrus spp ). 30 Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L ). 33 Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir ). 39 WEEDS Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp ). 41 Nutsedge (Cyperus spp ). and kyllinga (Kyllinga spp ). 43 Khakiweed and mat chafflower (Alternanthera spp ). 46 Herbicides containing sulfentrazone . 47 Herbicides containing quinclorac . 48 Turfgrass tolerance to postemergence herbicides . 49 Plant growth regulators . 51 Insect pests in turfgrasses . 53 Insecticide Mode of Action (MOA) classification . 55 Insecticides registered for use in turfgrasses . 56 Ants . 56 Armyworms . 58 Billbugs . 61 Black turfgrass ataenius . 63 Chinch bugs . 66 Cutworms . 69 Green June beetles . 72 Mealybugs . 74 Mites . 75 INSECTS Mole crickets . 76 Red imported fire ants . 79 Sod webworms . 81 White grubs . 84 Diseases in Texas turfgrasses . 86 Fungicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification . 87 Fungicides registered for use in turfgrasses . .88 Anthracnose . 88 Brown patch . 90 Dollar spot . 93 Fairy ring . 95 Gray leaf spot . 96 Large patch . 98 Leaf spot/melting out . 100 Michrodochium patch . 102 Pythium . 104 Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot . 105 Root decline/take-all root rot/take-all patch . 107 DISEASES Spring dead spot . 109 Summer patch . 110 Nematicides registered for use in turfgrasses . 112 Introduction This guide was developed for professional turfgrass • Comments: Notes and cautions can help you managers, county Extension agents, and others who improve control and learn about restricted-use maintain athletic, golf course, landscape, recreational, pesticides, use sites, turfgrass tolerance, etc. or utility turfgrasses. Resources include Texas A&M • Turfgrass labeled for application: Turfgrass AgriLife Extension Service faculty, industry cooper- tolerance to herbicides varies by turfgrass ators, published literature, and general knowledge of species and is listed on the product label. Table herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides available to the 1 lists turfgrass species that herbicides in this turfgrass industry. guide can be safely applied to according to their Where appropriate, several kinds of information label. For more information on turfgrass toler- are included about each product: ance, see the “Turfgrass tolerance to postemer- • Common name: Products are listed alphabeti- gence herbicides” section. cally by the common name of the primary active ingredients. Table 1. Turfgrass application codes for labeled herbicide • Trade name: Products with the same primary tolerance of various turfgrass species active ingredients are often sold under different Warm-season Cool-season trade names. There may be trade names and BA: Bahiagrass B: Bluegrass (species not specified) product formulations beyond the ones listed. BE: Bermudagrass CBG: Creeping bentgrass • Application rate: Application rates are provided BU: Buffalograss F: Fescue (species not specified) in various units based on product labels. Exam- CA: Carpetgrass FF: Fine fescue ples: pounds per acre (lb/acre), ounces per acre CE: Centipedegrass KB: Kentucky bluegrass (oz/acre), fluid ounces per 1,000 square feet (fl SA: St . Augustinegrass PR: Perennial ryegrass oz/1,000 ft2). SS: Seashore paspalum R: Ryegrass (species not specified) • Application interval: Recommended intervals Z: Zoysiagrass TF: Tall fescue between applications are based on the product label but vary depending on such factors as pest pressure/severity and acceptable damage thresh- Group 12 Fungicide: Mode olds. of action (MOA) classification WDG: Formulation (water • Mode of action: Information on a product’s based on the Herbicide, dispersible granule) Insecticide, or Fungicide mode of action (MOA) is listed to help appli- Resistance Action Committee ▲ cators rotate MOAs to prevent resistance from (HRAC, IRAC, FRAC) GROUP 12 FUNGICIDE ▲ ▲ developing or to manage populations of weeds, Reveille WDG: Reveille WDG insects, or diseases that are already resistant: Trade name – HRAC, WSSA Code: The herbicidal MOA as defined by the Herbicide Resistance Action Fungicide Committee (HRAC) and the Weed Science (continued from booklet attached to front of container) ▲ Active Ingredient: Society of America (WSSA) Fludioxonil: Fludioxonil* . 50 .0% Other Ingredients: 50 0% . Common name Total: 100 0% . – IRAC Code: The insecticidal mode of action as *CAS No . 131341-86-1 Reveille WDG is a 50% water dispersable granule . defined by the Insecticide Resistance Action EPA Reg. No. 100-1434 Product of United States 8 ounces Committee (IRAC) SCP 1434A-L2A 0912 4017353 Net Weight – FRAC Code: The fungicidal mode of action as defined by the Fungicide Resistance Action Figure 1 . Information on product labels Committee (FRAC) Introduction 1 Additional resources Plant Disease and Insect Clinic North Carolina State University • AggieTurf: http://aggieturf.tamu.edu includes Campus Box 7211 current information on turfgrass management, 1227 Gardner Hall pest ID and control, events such as workshops, 100 Derieux Place factsheets, and other useful links. Raleigh, NC 27695 Crop Data Management Systems (CDMS) • 919-513-3878 http://www.cdms.net/Label-Database North Carolina State University Turfgrass Contains up-to-date information on product Diagnostics manufacturers, labels, supplemental labels, MSDS https://turfpathology.plantpath.ncsu.edu sheets, etc. • Plant Diagnostic Labs in the Southern United Plant Disease and Nematode Diagnostic States Laboratory Dr. Kevin Ong Clarissa Balbalion, Director Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology 190 Bost-North Room, 9 1500 Research Parkway, Room 130 Mississippi State, MS 39762-912 College Station, TX 77845-2589 622-325-2146 979-845-8032 Nematology: 662-325-8336 Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab Mississippi State University Plant Diseases and http://plantclinic.tamu.edu/about-tpddl/ Nematode Diagnostics http://extension.msstate.edu/lab Dr. William Crow Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Texas A&M AgriLife Extension faculty update this PO Box 110620 guide as information becomes available. However, it FL 32611-0620 is always the applicator’s responsibility to follow the 352-392-1901 extension 138 product label directions regarding application rate, use site, and other specifications. University of Florida Sampling Instructions for Nematode Assays http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/sr011 Dr. Philip Harmon Rapid Turfgrass Diagnostic Service University of Florida Extension Plant Disease Clinic Building 78, Mowry Road Gainesville, FL 32611-0830 352-392-1795 University of Florida Rapid Diagnostic Turfgrass Service http://turf.ufl.edu/rapiddiag.shtml 2 Introduction Herbicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification Table 2. Mode of action classifications of herbicides registered for use in turfgrasses (Sources: HRAC and WSSA) HRAC WSSA code code Mode of action (MOA)1 Chemical family Common name A 1 Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor Aryloxyphenoxypropionate ‘Fops’ fenoxaprop-P-ethyl fluazifop-P-butyl Cyclohexandione ‘Dims’ clethodim sethoxydim B 2 Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor Sulfonylurea ‘SU’ chlorsulfuron flazasulfuron foramsulfuron halosulfuron-methyl iodosulfuron-methyl metsulfuron-methyl rimsulfuron sulfosulfuron trifloxysulfuron-sodium Triazolopyrimidine penoxsulam C1 5 Photosystem-II (PS II) inhibitor Triazine atrazine simazine Triazinone metribuzin Triazolinone amicarbazone C2 7 Photosystem-II (PS II) inhibitor Urea siduron C3 6 Photosystem-II (PS II) inhibitor Nitrile bromoxynil Benzothiadiazinone bentazon D 22 Photosystem-I (PS I) electron diversion Bipyridylium diquat E 14 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) Diphenylether oxyfluorfen inhibitor Phenylpyrazole pyraflufen-ethyl N-phenylphthalimide flumioxazin Oxadiazole oxadiazon Triazolinone carfentrazone-ethyl sulfentrazone F2 27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Triketone mesotrione (HPPD) inhibitor Pyrazole topramezone G 9 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate Glycine glyphosate (EPSP) synthase inhibitor H 10 Glutamine synthetase inhibitor Phosphinic acid glufosinate-ammonium I 18 Dihydroteroate (DHP) synthase inhibitor Carbamate asulam K1 3 Microtubule assembly inhibitor Dinitroaniline (DNA) prodiamine Pyridine dithiopyr Benzamide pronamide Benzoic acid DCPA K3 15 Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) Chloroacetamide dimethenamid-P synthesis inhibitor S-metolachlor L 20, 21 Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor Benzamide isoxaben Quinoline carboxylic acid quinclorac N 8 Lipid synthesis inhibitor Thiocarbamate EPTC Phosphorodithioate
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