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INSECT, WEED, Anddisease CONTROL in TURFGRASS

INSECT, WEED, Anddisease CONTROL in TURFGRASS

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WEED,INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS

2017–18

WEED, INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS

Editor Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist

Authors Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Matt Elmore, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Young-Ki Jo, Associate Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Diane Silcox Reynolds, Post-doctoral Research Associate, Entomology

AggieTurf: http://aggieturf.tamu.edu

Contents Introduction ...... 1 Mode of Action (MOA) classification ...... 3 for general control of grassy and broadleaf weeds ...... 4 Preemergence herbicides for grassy and broadleaf weeds ...... 4 Selective postemergence herbicides ...... 9 Synthetic postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds ...... 19 Product formulations containing synthetic auxin herbicides ...... 21 Nonsynthetic auxin postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds ...... 23 Nonselective herbicides for general weed control ...... 24 Herbicides for commonly occurring weeds ...... 25 Crabgrass (Digitaria spp )...... 25 Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) ...... 27 Sandbur (Cenchrus spp )...... 30 Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L )...... 33 Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir )...... 39

WEEDS Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp )...... 41 Nutsedge (Cyperus spp ). and kyllinga (Kyllinga spp )...... 43 Khakiweed and mat chafflower (Alternanthera spp )...... 46 Herbicides containing ...... 47 Herbicides containing ...... 48 Turfgrass tolerance to postemergence herbicides ...... 49 Plant growth regulators ...... 51

Insect pests in turfgrasses ...... 53 Insecticide Mode of Action (MOA) classification ...... 55 Insecticides registered for use in turfgrasses ...... 56 Ants ...... 56 Armyworms ...... 58 Billbugs ...... 61 Black turfgrass ataenius ...... 63 Chinch bugs ...... 66 Cutworms ...... 69 Green June beetles ...... 72 Mealybugs ...... 74 Mites ...... 75

INSECTS Mole crickets ...... 76 Red imported fire ants ...... 79 Sod webworms ...... 81 White grubs ...... 84

Diseases in Texas turfgrasses ...... 86 Fungicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification ...... 87 Fungicides registered for use in turfgrasses ...... 88 Anthracnose ...... 88 Brown patch ...... 90 Dollar spot ...... 93 Fairy ring ...... 95 Gray leaf spot ...... 96 Large patch ...... 98 Leaf spot/melting out ...... 100 Michrodochium patch ...... 102 Pythium ...... 104 Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot ...... 105 Root decline/take-all root rot/take-all patch ...... 107 DISEASES Spring dead spot ...... 109 Summer patch ...... 110 Nematicides registered for use in turfgrasses ...... 112

Introduction

This guide was developed for professional turfgrass • Comments: Notes and cautions can help you managers, county Extension agents, and others who improve control and learn about restricted-use maintain athletic, golf course, landscape, recreational, pesticides, use sites, turfgrass tolerance, etc. or utility turfgrasses. Resources include Texas A&M • Turfgrass labeled for application: Turfgrass AgriLife Extension Service faculty, industry cooper- tolerance to herbicides varies by turfgrass ators, published literature, and general knowledge of species and is listed on the product label. Table herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides available to the 1 lists turfgrass species that herbicides in this turfgrass industry. guide can be safely applied to according to their Where appropriate, several kinds of information label. For more information on turfgrass toler- are included about each product: ance, see the “Turfgrass tolerance to postemer- • Common name: Products are listed alphabeti- gence herbicides” section. cally by the common name of the primary active ingredients. Table 1. Turfgrass application codes for labeled herbicide • Trade name: Products with the same primary tolerance of various turfgrass species active ingredients are often sold under different Warm-season Cool-season trade names. There may be trade names and BA: Bahiagrass B: Bluegrass (species not specified) product formulations beyond the ones listed. BE: Bermudagrass CBG: Creeping bentgrass • Application rate: Application rates are provided BU: Buffalograss F: Fescue (species not specified) in various units based on product labels. Exam- CA: Carpetgrass FF: Fine fescue ples: pounds per acre (lb/acre), ounces per acre CE: Centipedegrass KB: Kentucky bluegrass (oz/acre), fluid ounces per 1,000 square feet (fl SA: St . Augustinegrass PR: Perennial ryegrass oz/1,000 ft2). SS: Seashore paspalum R: Ryegrass (species not specified) • Application interval: Recommended intervals Z: Zoysiagrass TF: Tall fescue between applications are based on the product label but vary depending on such factors as pest pressure/severity and acceptable damage thresh- Group 12 Fungicide: Mode olds. of action (MOA) classification WDG: Formulation (water • Mode of action: Information on a product’s based on the Herbicide, dispersible granule) Insecticide, or Fungicide

mode of action (MOA) is listed to help appli- Resistance Action Committee ▲ cators rotate MOAs to prevent resistance from (HRAC, IRAC, FRAC) GROUP 12 FUNGICIDE ▲ ▲ developing or to manage populations of weeds, Reveille WDG: Reveille WDG insects, or diseases that are already resistant: Trade name – HRAC, WSSA Code: The herbicidal MOA as defined by the Herbicide Resistance Action Fungicide

Committee (HRAC) and the Weed Science (continued from booklet attached to front of container)

▲ Active Ingredient: Society of America (WSSA) Fludioxonil: Fludioxonil* ...... 50 .0% Other Ingredients: 50 0% . Common name Total: 100 0% . – IRAC Code: The insecticidal mode of action as *CAS No . 131341-86-1 Reveille WDG is a 50% water dispersable granule . defined by the Insecticide Resistance Action EPA Reg. No. 100-1434 Product of United States 8 ounces Committee (IRAC) SCP 1434A-L2A 0912 4017353 Net Weight – FRAC Code: The fungicidal mode of action as defined by the Fungicide Resistance Action Figure 1 . Information on product labels Committee (FRAC)

Introduction 1 Additional resources Plant Disease and Insect Clinic North Carolina State University • AggieTurf: http://aggieturf.tamu.edu includes Campus Box 7211 current information on turfgrass management, 1227 Gardner Hall pest ID and control, events such as workshops, 100 Derieux Place factsheets, and other useful links. Raleigh, NC 27695 Crop Data Management Systems (CDMS) • 919-513-3878 http://www.cdms.net/Label-Database North Carolina State University Turfgrass Contains up-to-date information on product Diagnostics manufacturers, labels, supplemental labels, MSDS https://turfpathology.plantpath.ncsu.edu sheets, etc. • Plant Diagnostic Labs in the Southern United Plant Disease and Nematode Diagnostic States Laboratory Dr. Kevin Ong Clarissa Balbalion, Director Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology 190 Bost-North Room, 9 1500 Research Parkway, Room 130 Mississippi State, MS 39762-912 College Station, TX 77845-2589 622-325-2146 979-845-8032 Nematology: 662-325-8336 Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab Mississippi State University Plant Diseases and http://plantclinic.tamu.edu/about-tpddl/ Nematode Diagnostics http://extension.msstate.edu/lab Dr. William Crow Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Texas A&M AgriLife Extension faculty update this PO Box 110620 guide as information becomes available. However, it FL 32611-0620 is always the applicator’s responsibility to follow the 352-392-1901 extension 138 product label directions regarding application rate, use site, and other specifications. University of Florida Sampling Instructions for Nematode Assays http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/sr011

Dr. Philip Harmon Rapid Turfgrass Diagnostic Service University of Florida Extension Plant Disease Clinic Building 78, Mowry Road Gainesville, FL 32611-0830 352-392-1795 University of Florida Rapid Diagnostic Turfgrass Service http://turf.ufl.edu/rapiddiag.shtml

2 Introduction Herbicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification

Table 2. Mode of action classifications of herbicides registered for use in turfgrasses (Sources: HRAC and WSSA) HRAC WSSA code code Mode of action (MOA)1 Chemical family Common name A 1 Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor Aryloxyphenoxypropionate ‘Fops’ fenoxaprop-P-ethyl -P-butyl Cyclohexandione ‘Dims’ clethodim B 2 Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor Sulfonylurea ‘SU’ chlorsulfuron foramsulfuron halosulfuron-methyl iodosulfuron-methyl metsulfuron-methyl rimsulfuron sulfosulfuron trifloxysulfuron-sodium Triazolopyrimidine penoxsulam C1 5 Photosystem-II (PS II) inhibitor Triazine Triazinone Triazolinone amicarbazone C2 7 Photosystem-II (PS II) inhibitor siduron C3 6 Photosystem-II (PS II) inhibitor Nitrile Benzothiadiazinone D 22 Photosystem-I (PS I) electron diversion Bipyridylium E 14 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) Diphenylether oxyfluorfen inhibitor Phenylpyrazole pyraflufen-ethyl N-phenylphthalimide flumioxazin Oxadiazole oxadiazon Triazolinone carfentrazone-ethyl sulfentrazone F2 27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Triketone (HPPD) inhibitor Pyrazole topramezone G 9 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate Glycine (EPSP) synthase inhibitor H 10 Glutamine synthetase inhibitor Phosphinic acid -ammonium I 18 Dihydroteroate (DHP) synthase inhibitor Carbamate K1 3 Microtubule assembly inhibitor Dinitroaniline (DNA) prodiamine Benzamide pronamide DCPA K3 15 Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) Chloroacetamide -P synthesis inhibitor S- L 20, 21 Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor Benzamide isoxaben Quinoline carboxylic acid quinclorac N 8 Lipid synthesis inhibitor Thiocarbamate EPTC Phosphorodithioate continued on next page

Weeds 3 Table 2 continued. Mode of action classifications of herbicides registered for use in turfgrasses (Sources: HRAC and WSSA) HRAC WSSA code code Mode of action (MOA)1 Chemical family Common name O 4 Synthetic Phenoxy-carboxylic acid 2,4-D 2,4-DP () MCPA MCPP () Benzoic acid Pyridine carboxylic acid Quinoline carboxylic acid quinclorac P 19 Inhibition of auxin transport Semicarbazone diflufenzopyr-sodium Z 17 Unknown Organic arsenal MSMA Other dazomet pelargonic acid 1: When possible rotate repeated herbicide applications among various MOA groups to avoid or mitigate herbicide resistance development . For more information on herbicide chemistry and modes of action, see www .HRACglobal .com .

Herbicides for general control of grassy and broadleaf weeds

Preemergence herbicides can help you maximize herbicide efficacy and prevent injury to desirable turfgrasses. See the herbicide label for grassy and broadleaf weeds for more information. Sometimes referred to as “pre” herbicides, After they are watered in, the herbicide molecules preemergence herbicides must be applied before the remain in the upper layer of soil and control weeds target weed geminates or emerges, or they will not or desirable grasses that germinate from seed. If you control it. Although these herbicides are commonly plan to seed, do not apply a preemergence herbicide used to control annual weeds that germinate at pre- without first checking the label for the appropriate dictable times of year, they can also control the seeds reseeding interval. of many perennial weeds. Also, do not apply some preemergence herbicides To enable the active ingredient (herbicide mole- before sprigging or sodding. If you are planning cule) to reach the soil, these herbicides are either: this type of turf renovation, use other weed-control • Formulated on a granular carrier and applied options. In general, apply these herbicides only to through a rotary or drop spreader, or well-established turfgrass. See the product label if you • Mixed with water and applied through a sprayer have established turf from sod, seed, or sprigs within Preemergence herbicides are effective only if they the previous year. Many of the herbicides in Table 3 are applied uniformly and are watered into the soil by will impede encroachment of existing turfgrass into rainfall or irrigation before the target weed emerges. areas damaged by winterkill, traffic, or diseases. See the herbicide label for information on the amount As the herbicide remains in the soil, soil microbes of irrigation or rainwater needed. and other processes slowly break them down into Application rates may vary by the soil’s texture and non-herbicide metabolites. After several weeks of deg- organic matter content; knowing these characteristics radation, the herbicide is usually no longer effective.

4 Weeds To control many summer annual weeds all season, Table 3 lists preemergence herbicides and their you may need to apply herbicide several times. If so, general uses. For more information on how to control you may be able to reduce the single-application rate, specific weeds with pre- or post-emergence herbicides, but always follow the product label instructions on see the section on herbicides for commonly occurring application rates and timing. weeds beginning on page 25.

Table 3. Preemergence herbicides labeled for control of grassy (crabgrass, goosegrass, annual bluegrass, etc.) and small-seeded broadleaf weeds (purslane, spurge, chickweed, etc.) Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group atrazine Aatrex 4L BE, CE, SA, Z Annual grassy Can provide early postemergence C1, 5 (1–4 qt) weeds, many control of some weeds Aatrex Nine-O broadleaf weeds Use caution under tree driplines, (1–4 .4 lb) especially in high pH (> 7 .5) soils . See Others label for more information . Application at > 2 pt/A permitted only for sod production . Do not use on alkaline or muck soils . Do not apply 4 months before or 6 months after seeding; or until newly seeded grasses have overwintered . Do not use west of the high-rainfall areas of East Texas . Will cause substantial injury to actively growing bermudagrass . benefin Balan 2 .5G BA, BE, CE, Annual grassy Is more volatile than other K1, 3 (60–120 lb) KB, PR, SA, weeds, some small- preemergence herbicides, so irrigation Others TF, Z seeded broadleaves or rainfall shortly after application improves efficacy benefin + Team 2G Most cool- Annual grassy In bermudagrass areas overseeded with K1, 3 (75–150 lb) and warm- weeds, some small- winter grasses, this product may thin Team Pro season seeded broadleaves overseeded grasses . (see label) turfgrasses; Because benefin and trifluralin are more see label Many fertilizer volatile than are other preemergence carriers herbicides, irrigation, or rainfall shortly after application improves efficacy . Do not apply to newly sprigged areas . bensulide Bensumec 4LF BA, BE, CBG, Annual grassy Can be applied to putting greens up N, 8 (1 .88–3 13. gal) CE, FF, KB, weeds, some small- to twice/year; for use on golf courses, Pre-San 7G PR, SA, TF, Z seeded broadleaves lawns only (107–180 lb) Has less residual than preemergence Pre-San 12 .5G herbicides such as dithiopyr, (80–100 lb) prodiamine, , or DCPA Dacthal W-75 Most Some annual grassy Can be applied to newly seeded Z, 17 (6–14 pt) established and small-seeded grasses that are at least 1–2 in . tall and a Dacthal Flowable and newly broadleaf weeds uniform green color . (6–14 pt) seeded Should be activated by 0 .25 in . of rain or grasses . See irrigation within 5 days of application . label If soil moisture is below 10%, irrigate immediately . continued on next page

Weeds 5 Table 3 continued. Preemergence herbicides labeled for control of grassy (crabgrass, goosegrass, annual bluegrass, etc.) and small-seeded broadleaf weeds (purslane, spurge, chickweed, etc.) Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group dithiopyr Dimension 2EW BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Can provide early postemergent K1, 3 (1–2 pt) CA, CBG, CE, weeds, some small- crabgrass control Dithiopyr 2L FF, KB, PR, seeded broadleaves Do not apply to Tifgreen (328) hybrid (1–2 pt) SA, TF, Z bermudagrass . Dimension Ultra Some formulations such as those 40WP from Anderson’s Golf Products can (0 .625–1 .25 lb) be used on creeping bentgrass and Dithiopyr 40WSB bermudagrass putting greens with (0 .625–1 .25 lb) well-developed root systems . Others and many fertilizer carriers dimethenamid-P Tower BA, BE, BU, Annual grasses, Should be activated by 0 .25–0 .5 in . K3, 15 (21–32 fl oz) CE, FF, KB, small-seeded of rain or irrigation within 24 hours of PR, SA, SS, broadleaf weeds, application TF, Z some sedges On grassy and broadleaf weeds, it is Can help remove best used in a sequential application overseeded cool- program after applying pendimethalin . season grasses in warm-season turf Applying to cool-season turfgrass may cause unacceptable injury or thinning . flumioxazin SureGuard BE Several broadleaf Apply to dormant bermudagrass only . E, 14 (8–12 oz wt) and grassy Can provide early postemergence weeds; provides annual bluegrass control postemergence control of many When applying upslope of sensitive weeds cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . See supplemental label for use in turfgrass . indaziflam Specticle FLO BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Provides early postemergent control L, 21 (6–10 fl oz) CE, SA, Z weeds, some small- of annual bluegrass and crabgrass; Specticle 20WSP seeded broadleaf should be activated by 0 .25 in . of rain or (2 .5–5 oz wt) weeds, sedges irrigation within 2 days of application emerging from seed Do not apply to cool-season grasses . When applying upslope of sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . isoxaben Gallery 75DF BA, BE, BU, Broadleaf weeds Tank mixtures with preemergence L, 21 (0 .66–1 .33 lb) CBG, CE, FF, herbicides that control grasses will Gallery SC KB, PR, SA, broaden the spectrum of weed control . (16–31 fl oz/A) TF, Z Can be applied after sprigging many warm-season turfgrasses Isoxaben 75WG (0 .66–1 .33 lb) S-metolachlor Pennant BA, BE, CE, Annual grassy Activate with at least 0 .5 in . of rain or K3, 15 MAGNUM SA, Z weeds, some small- irrigation before weeds germinate and (1 .3–2 .6 pt) seeded broadleaves within 14 days of application . yellow nutsedge Spring greenup may be delayed after application . oryzalin Surflan AS BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Do not apply in the spring to tall fescue K1, 3 (1 .5–2 qt) CE, SA, TF, Z weeds, some small- planted the previous fall . Other seeded broadleaf This herbicide thins overseeded grasses . formulations weeds, sedges

continued on next page

6 Weeds Table 3 continued. Preemergence herbicides labeled for control of grassy (crabgrass, goosegrass, annual bluegrass, etc.) and small-seeded broadleaf weeds (purslane, spurge, chickweed, etc.) Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group oxadiazon Ronstar Flo BE, BU, CBG, Annual grassy Not for home lawns E, 14 (5–7 .5 pt) KB, PR, SA, weeds, some small- For use only by professional applicators . Ronstar 50WSP SS, Z seeded broadleaf weeds, sedges Sprayable formulations may be applied (4–8 lb) only to dormant warm-season turf . Ronstar G Granular formulation may be applied to (100–200 lb) non-dormant warm- and cool-season turf . Apply so that granules reach the soil surface . Do not apply to wet turf . Can be applied before or after sprigging; see label for more details oxadiazon + Anderson’s BE, CBG, KB, Crabgrass, For use by professional applicators only E, 14 + N, 8 bensulide Crabgrass/ PR, TF, Z goosegrass Can be applied to bentgrass and Goosegrass bermudagrass putting greens if Control goosegrass infestation is heavy and (115 .5 lb) injury is tolerable pendimethalin Pendulum Most warm Annual grassy Maximum single application rates are K1, 3 AquaCap and cool- weeds, some small- lower for residential turfgrass . (3 1–6. .3 pt) season seeded broadleaves Should be activated by at least 0 .5 in . Pendulum 3 .3EC species of rainfall or irrigation before weeds (3 .6–7 .2 pt) germinate and within 30 days of Pendulum 2G application (75–150 lb) Many others pendimethalin + Freehand 1 75G. BE, BU, CE, Annual grassy Application rate maximums are lower K1, 3 + dimethenamid-P (100–200 lb) SA, SS, Z weeds, several for residential use . K3, 15 small-seeded Do not apply to turf or ornamentals broadleaf weeds, when soil temperature is less than 55 °F . some sedges Can help remove Do not apply to plants under stress . overseeded cool- Should be activated by irrigation or season grasses in rainfall before weeds germinate and warm-season turf within 30 days of application prodiamine Barricade 65WG BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Should be activated by at least 0 .5 in . of K1, 3 (0 .5–2 .3 lb) CBG, CE, FF, weeds, some small- irrigation before weeds germinate and Barricade 4FL KB, PR, SA, seeded broadleaf within 14 days of application (10–48 fl oz) SS, TF, Z weeds ProClipse 65WDG (0 .5–2 .3 lb) Cavalcade 65 WDG (0 .5–2 .3 lb) Several others and many fertilizer carriers prodiamine + Cavalcade PQ BE, BU, CBG, Annual grassy Provides postemergence control of K1, 3 + quinclorac (1–2 .3 lb) FF, KB, PR, weeds, some small- some broadleaf and grassy weeds L, 21 SS, Z seeded broadleaf including crabgrass . (monocot) weeds Apply with methylated seed oil . If O, 4 (dicot) rainfall does not occur within 7 days after application irrigate to 0 .5 in . continued on next page

Weeds 7 Table 3 continued. Preemergence herbicides labeled for control of grassy (crabgrass, goosegrass, annual bluegrass, etc.) and small-seeded broadleaf weeds (purslane, spurge, chickweed, etc.) Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group prodiamine + Echelon 4SC BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Provides postemergence control of K1, 3 + sulfentrazone (8–36 fl oz) CA, CBG, CE, weeds, some some broadleaf weeds and yellow E, 14 FF, KB, PR, broadleaf weeds, nutsedge SA, SS, TF, Z sedges May temporarily injure or discolor St . Augustinegrass . Mowing will remove discoloration . Do not apply with the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl . pronamide Kerb SC BE, CE, SA, Z Annual grassy weeds Restricted-use pesticide . Not for K1, 3 (1 .25–5 pt) residential sites . Kerb 50WP Provides early postemergence control (2–4 lb) of several grassy weeds Should be activated by light rainfall or irrigation within 24 hours of application When applying upslope of sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . Removes overseeded perennial ryegrass from bermudagrass slowly (4–6 wk); apply after 50% bermudagrass greenup to prevent bermudagrass injury siduron Tupersan CBG, FF, PR, Crabgrass, foxtail, Can be applied to CBG putting C2, 7 (4–24 lb) TF, Z bermudagrass greens to suppress bermudagrass suppression encroachment; can be used during the establishment of zoysiagrass from sprigs simazine Princep Liquid BE, CE, SA, Z Winter annual Use caution under tree driplines, C1, 5 (1–2 qt) grassy and broadleaf especially in high pH (> 7 .8) soils . See weeds; some label for more information . summer annual Provides both pre and early post grasses emergence control of many weeds . See label for muck or alkaline soils . Do not exceed 1 qt/A per treatment on hybrid bermudagrass or newly sprigged bermudagrass . Non-dormant bermuda or zoysiagrass may yellow or slow growth temporarily .

8 Weeds Selective postemergence acid formulation as 2,4-D, but an ester formulation as 2,4-D ester. Ester formulations are more volatile than herbicides are amine formulations. Postemergence herbicides are effective when For more information on the advantages and applied after the target weed has emerged. They can disadvantages of ester and amine herbicides, see the be used to control annual and perennial weeds. Most section on synthetic auxin herbicide rates in various postemergence herbicides are effective when they con- products, which begins on page 19. tact the leaf and are absorbed into the plant. Postemergence herbicides are most often mixed Environmental conditions with water and applied through a sprayer. Adjuvants Temperature, rainfall, and plant nutrient status such as non-ionic surfactants, crop oils, or methylated greatly affect weed control efficacy and turfgrass seed oil can often help the herbicide droplets remain injury. Always read the label to ensure that the envi- on the leaf surface and be absorbed through the leaf ronmental conditions are proper for a given applica- cuticle. tion: Always check the product label for information on: • Warm-season turfgrasses are generally most • What adjuvants, if any, to add susceptible to injury in early spring and late fall, • Whether the herbicide has soil activity if you when the weather is cool and they are emerging plan to reseed, sprig, or sod after application from or entering dormancy. • How to avoid off-target injury from drift or root • Cool-season turfgrasses are more susceptible to absorption if you will be applying the herbicide injury in the summer when it is hot and dry. around trees and large ornamental plants Environmental conditions that enable the target A herbicide’s ability to target a weed instead of weeds to grow actively usually result in the best the desirable turfgrass often depends on whether the weed control. turfgrass can convert the herbicide to a nonphytotoxic form more effectively than can the target weed. This is Turfgrass cultivars why it is important to apply these products to healthy, Product labels often give application information actively growing turfgrass at the rate indicated on the that is specific to some cultivars. For example, many product label. Always follow the label directions as to product labels prohibit application to ‘Floratam’ St. the appropriate environmental conditions for applica- Augustinegrass because it is more sensitive to herbi- tion. cides than are other cultivars. Also, hybrid bermudagrass is often more suscep- Precautions tible to herbicides than is common bermudagrass. Legal restrictions Many labels specify lower application rates for hybrid In some Texas counties, the Texas Agricultural bermudagrass than for common bermudagrass. As Code (Chapter 76) restricts or regulates the appli- always, refer to the product label for information cation of ester and amine phenoxy herbicides (such about application to specific turfgrass cultivars. as 2,4-D or MCPA) to turfgrass not on home lawns. Table 4 lists selective postemergence herbicides These restrictions often vary according to the time labeled for use in turfgrass. These herbicides control of year. Review these regulations before applying a grassy and/or broadleaf weeds. Information on prod- . ucts to control specific weeds is included in subse- Table 4 specifies ester herbicides but not amine or quent sections. acid formulations. For example, it lists an amine or

Weeds 9 Table 4. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group 2,4-D Hardball B, BE, PR, Broadleaf weeds Many broadleaf weeds are not O, 4 (1–1 75. qt) TF, Z controlled by 2,4-D alone . Others For more broad-spectrum control, combine with other active ingredients . Rates and recommended turf species differ for sod farms . 2,4-D Weedar 64 See label Broadleaf weeds Amine formulations are less volatile O, 4 (1–1 .5 qt) than are ester or acid formulations . Others 2,4-D + clopyralid + Millennium Ultra 2 B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Provides broad-spectrum broadleaf O, 4 dicamba (1 .5–3 pt) CBG, F, R, Z weeds weed control Specifically for common bermudagrass; use on hybrid bermudagrass not specified . Do not apply to residential turfgrass or where clippings are collected . 2,4-D + dicamba + 2DQ BA, BE, CBG, Many broadleaf Provides broad-spectrum broadleaf O, 4 quinclorac (1–3 pt) CE, KB, RA, weeds weed control; apply to centipede and PR, SA, TF, Z St . Augustine grasses during dormancy only . Can be applied to bentgrass putting and bowling greens at reduced rates 2,4-D ester 4-Speed B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Can be applied to bentgrass putting O, 4 + E, 14 + mecoprop (1 .8–4 pt) CBG, F, R, Z weeds greens + dicamba + pyraflufen-ethyl 2,4-D ester + 4 Speed XT BA, BE, CBG, Many broadleaf Can be applied to bentgrass putting O, 4 + E, 14 triclopyr ester (1 .8–4 pt) F, B, PR, Z weeds greens + dicamba + pyraflufen-ethyl 2,4-D + fluroxypyr Escalade 2 B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Application rate is lower for sod farms . O, 4 ester + dicamba (2–3 pt) CA, CBG, F, weeds Do not apply broadcast to carpetgrass R, Z when temperatures > 80°F . Applications to dormant bermuda, bahia, and zoysia grasses are suggested . 2,4-D + MCPA + EndRun BA, BE, BU, Many broadleaf Do not apply to warm-season turfgrass O, 4 dicamba (1 .8–4 pt) CBG, FF, KB, weeds unless temporary injury can be RA, PR, TF, Z tolerated . 2,4-D + triclopyr + Momentum FX2 BA, BE, BU, Many broadleaf Do not apply to warm-season turfgrass O, 4 fluroxypyr ester (3–4 pt) CBG, CE, FF, weeds when mowing height is less than 0 .5 in . KB, RA, PR, Except for buffalograss, do not apply TF, Z at > 3 .0 pt/A to warm-season turfgrass species . Labeled for Zoysia japonica and Z. tenufolia only 2,4-D ester RedZone 2 B, BA, BE, F, Many broadleaf May temporarily injure warm- O, 4 + mecoprop (3–4 pt) R, Z weeds season grasses, especially hybrid + dicamba + bermudagrasses pyraflufen-ethyl 2,4-D + mecoprop Spoiler B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Can be applied to bentgrass golf and O, 4 + dichloprop (1 7–4. pt) CBG, F, R, Z weeds bowling greens and golf tees; they may be injured temporarily continued on next page

10 Weeds Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group 2,4-D + mecoprop Triamine B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Not for turf grown for sod O, 4 + dichlorprop (1 75–4. pt) CBG, CE, F, R, weeds Do not apply broadcast to carpetgrass Triamine Jet-Spray SA, Z or St . Augustinegrass when (see label) temperatures > 80°F . 2,4-D + mecoprop Triplet SF B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Apply only to dormant centipedegrass O, 4 + dicamba (1 .8–4 pt) CBG, CE, F, R, weeds and some St . Augustinegrass varieties in SA, Z Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi only . Can be applied to golf course tees and bowling greens, but temporary injury may occur 2,4-D + mecoprop Triplet Low Odor B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Can be applied to golf course tees and O, 4 + dicamba (1 .8–4 pt) CBG, CE, F, R, weeds bowling greens, but temporary injury SA, Z may occur Avoid over application on bentgrass, centipedegrass, and St . Augustinegrass . For use by professional applicators only 2,4-D + mecoprop Trimec Classic BA, BE, Many broadleaf Can be applied to bentgrass putting and O, 4 + dicamba (3–4 pt) CE, SA, Z . weeds bowling greens Cool-season Spot applications in centipede and St . grasses Augustine grasses are suggested, as injury is likely . Do not apply when temperatures > 85°F . 2,4-D + mecoprop Trimec Southern B, BE, CBG, Many broadleaf Do not apply to St . Augustine or O, 4 + dicamba (1–3 pt) CE, F, SA, Z weeds centipedegrass when temperatures of < 50°F or > 90°F are expected within 72 hours of application . amicarbazone Xonerate BA, BE, BU, Many broadleaf, Turf may yellow temporarily after C1, 5 (1–10 oz wt) CBG, CE, FF, some grassy weeds application . KB, PR, SA, including annual Apply to cool-season turfgrass in spring SS, TF, Z bluegrass only; applications in summer or fall will injure it severely . Do not apply if soil pH is > 7 .4 . Turfgrass species tolerance varies widely; read the label carefully . asulam Asulox BE (Tifway Grassy weeds For use only on sod farms and only on I, 18 (6–8 pt) only), SA including Tifway (419) bermudagrass goosegrass, crabgrass, sandbur bentazon Basagran T&O B, BE, BA, BU, Some broadleaf Apply to newly emerged or small weeds C, 5 (24–32 fl oz) CA, CBG, CE, weeds, yellow before they reach their maximum size . Several other F, R, SA, Z nutsedge, annual Thorough spray coverage will maximize formulations sedge weed control . Sequential applications are likely required for adequate control of yellow nutsedge and thistle . bispyribac-sodium Velocity SG CBG, PR Some broadleaf Can be used in bermudagrass overseeded B, 2 (2–6 oz wt) weeds, annual and with perennial ryegrass roughstalk bluegrass Do not apply to golf greens or roughs or to wet turfgrass . If applied in the fall under cool temperatures, turfgrass injury lasts longer . Do not apply to cool-season turfgrass in the summer . continued on next page

Weeds 11 Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group bromoxynil Buctril BA, BE, CBG, Broadleaf weeds Do not apply to residential, playground, C3, 6 (1–2 pt) F, KB, PR, R, or schoolyard turfgrass . Buctril 4EC SA, Z For control of immature weeds (0 .5–1 pt) To broaden weed control spectrum, see label for suitable tank-mix partners . carfentrazone Quicksilver T&O Most cool- Some broadleaf Can be applied to control moss E, 14 (1–6 7. fl oz) and warm- weeds; moss on creeping bentgrass and hybrid season bermudagrass putting greens grasses . See See label for guidelines on adjuvant use . label Can be applied to many seedling turfgrasses as soon as 7 days after emergence from seed or sprigs Apply at up to 2 1. fl oz/A to control broadleaf weeds and up to 6 7. fl oz/A to control moss . carfentrazone SpeedZone B, BE, BU, Many broadleaf Application to fully dormant bermuda E, 14 + O, 4 + 2,4-D ester (2 .0–5 pt) CBG, FF, PR, weeds buffalo and zoysia grasses is suggested . + mecoprop + R, TF, Z Buffer the spray solution to pH 5–8 . dicamba Nozzles that produce large (> 400 microns) spray droplets may reduce weed control . carfentrazone SpeedZone B, BE, BA, BU, Many broadleaf Buffer the spray solution to pH 5–8 . E, 14 + O, 4 + 2,4-D ester Southern CBG, CE, FF, weeds Do not apply to ‘Floratam’ or ‘Bitterblue’ + mecoprop + (1 .5–5 pt) PR, R, SA SS, St . Augustinegrass . dicamba TF, Z See label for more information on St . Augustinegrass application . Applications to dormant warm-season turfgrass are suggested . carfentrazone Powerzone BE, FF, KB, Many broadleaf Applications to dormant bermudagrass E, 14 + + MCPA ester (2–5 pt) PR, TF, Z weeds and zoysiagrass are suggested . O, 4 + mecprop + dicamba carfentrazone + SquareOne BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf and grassy Tall fescue and warm-season turfgrasses E, 14 + quinclorac (8–18 oz) FF, KB, PR, weeds may yellow temporarily if applications L, 21 SS, TF, Z are made during the transition period (monocot) or when the turfgrass is under stress . O, 4 (dicot) Do not use clippings as mulch or compost . clopyralid Lontrel, BA, BE, BU, Broadleaf weeds Can be applied to conifers, dichondra, O, 4 Clean Slate CBG, CE, FF, and ornamental grasses . (0 .25–1 .33 pt) KB, PR, SA, Provides excellent control of various SS, TF, Z clover and thistle species Not for residential turfgrass dicamba Banvel, Vanquish, See label Many broadleaf Do not use where it can move into the O, 4 Vision, others weeds soil or wash across the surface and (See label) contact the roots of desirable trees and shrubs . Take extra care on sandy soils . diclofop Illoxan 3EC BE Goosegrass Manufacture discontinued in 2014 A, 1 (32 .6–43 .5 fl oz) For use on golf courses only Can be applied to putting greens continued on next page

12 Weeds Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group ethofumesate Prograss 1 .5 EC BE, CBG, KB, Annual bluegrass, For use by professional applicators only N, 8 (0 .5–1 .33 gal ). PR, TF, SA crabgrass, foxtail, Apply only to dormant bermudagrass . Prograss 4 SC some broadleaf weeds, sedges See label for instructions on application (0 75–3. qt) to all other turf species . Can be used for postemergence annual bluegrass control and bermudagrass suppression fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Acclaim Extra CBG, FF, KB, Grassy weeds Suppresses bermudagrass and A, 1 (3 .5–39 fl oz) PR, TF, Z including johnsongrass; consider adding triclopyr goosegrass and ester to improve suppression . crabgrass Application rate depends on tiller stage of target weed . May be applied to newly plugged zoysiagrass See label for information on surfactant use . Broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D will reduce efficacy on grassy weeds . Do not apply 5 days before or 21 days after an application of 2,4-D or similar herbicide . fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Last Call FF, KB, PR, Grassy weeds Treat annual grassy weeds at the 1-leaf A, 1 + O, 4 + fluroxypyr ester + (3 .5–4 pt) TF, Z including to 4-tiller growth stage for optimal dicamba goosegrass and control . crabgrass and Sequential applications suppress broadleaf weeds bermudagrass; make first application in the fall . May be applied to newly plugged zoysiagrass See label for information on surfactant use . Broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D reduce efficacy on grassy weeds . Do not apply 5 days before or 21 days after applying 2,4-D or similar herbicide . flazasulfuron Katana BE, BU, CE, Overseeded cool- When applying upslope or near B, 2 (0 .5–3 oz) SS, Z season grasses, sensitive cool-season grasses, follow sedges, some label to prevent off-target movement . broadleaf weeds Use with non-ionic surfactant at 0 .25% v/v . Causes transient discoloration to seashore paspalum Can be used at reduced rates when applied with urea nitrogen . See label for more information . For spot treatment only in residential turfgrass florasulam Defendor BA, BE, CBG, Some broadleaf Packaged with Dimension 2 EW B, 2 (4 fl oz) CE, FF, KB, weeds Sequential applications must be made PR, SA, TF, on at least a 4-wk interval SS, Z continued on next page

Weeds 13 Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade II T&O FF, TF, Z Bermudagrass Now labeled for use in home lawns as A, 1 (3–6 fl oz) suppression of 2017 . For best bermudagrass suppression, apply in mid to late spring or mid to late fall . fluazifop-P-butyl Ornamec 170 TF, Z Bermudagrass, Can be applied as a spot treatment for A, 1 (see label) dallisgrass selective weed control in tall fescue or Ornamec suppression zoysiagrass Over-the-top To best control dallisgrass and (see label) bermudagrass, apply in mid to late spring or mid to late fall . See label for more information . fluroxypyr ester Vista XRT BA, BE, CBG, Broadleaf weeds See supplemental label for use in O, 4 (6–22 fl oz) CE, FF, KB, turfgrass . PR, TF, SA, Z May injure bermudagrass temporarily On St . Augustinegrass, do not apply at > 6 fl oz/A or from April 1 to Oct . 31 . foramsulfuron Revolver BE, BU, Z Overseeded cool- Use caution when applying upslope or B, 2 (8 .8–35 .2 fl oz) season grasses, near sensitive cool-season grasses . goosegrass, some Can be applied to putting greens broadleaf weeds Sequential applications control small goosegrass plants . Suppresses centipedegrass and dallisgrass Adjuvants such as MSO, UAN, or AMS may improve control . halosulfuron- Sedgehammer+, BA, BE, CBG, Sedges Include NIS at 0 .25–0 .5% v/v . Apply B, 2 methyl Sedgehammer, CE, FF, KB, after nutsedge has reached the 3–8 leaf Manage PR, TF, SA, stage . (0 .66–1 .33 oz) SS, Z Plateau See label Broadleaf weeds, Tolerance of improved bermuda, B, 2 (2–12 fl oz) some grassy buffalo, and centipede grasses varies weeds, seedhead widely . suppression Best for weed control and/or seedhead suppression in low-maintenance areas . Some grasses may yellow temporarily after application . imazaquin Image 70DG BE, CE, SA, Broadleaf weeds, Include NIS at 0 .25% v/v . B, 2 (8 .6–11 .4 oz) SS, Z sedges, some Do not use on St . Augustinegrass for grasses winter weed control . When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . Absorbed by both roots and shoots . Irrigation or rainfall (0 .25–0 .5 in ). 1–7 days after application can improve weed control . mecoprop Mecomec 2 .5 See label Some broadleaf Can be applied to golf greens O, 4 (4–5 17. pt) weeds Not for turf being grown for sod or Mecomec 4 seed . (2 75–3. .5 pt) continued on next page

14 Weeds Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group MCPA + 2,4-D + Trimec Bentgrass See label Many broadleaf Injury is likely to centipede and O, 4 dicamba Formula weeds St . Augustine grasses . (3 .0–6 .0 pt) Can be applied to putting and bowling greens . Not for turf being grown for sod . MCPA ester + Cool Power B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Use the 2 .5 pt/A rate when warm- O, 4 triclopyr ester + (2 .5–3 .5 pt) CBG, F, R, Z weeds season turf is actively growing . The 3 .5 dicamba pt/A rate can be applied to dormant warm-season turf . Do not apply to centipede or St . Augustine grasses when temperatures > 80°F, and unless injury can be tolerated . MCPA + triclopyr Horsepower B, BA, BE, Many broadleaf Not for turf being grown for sod . O, 4 ester + dicamba (1–3 pt) CBG, F, R, Z weeds Do not apply broadcast to carpetgrass or St . Augustinegrass when temperatures > 80°F . Do not apply to centipede or St . Augustine grasses unless injury can be tolerated . MCPA + mecoprop Tri-Power BE, CBG, FF, Many broadleaf Except for bermudagrass and O, 4 + dicamba (2–3 .9 pt) KB, TF, Z weeds zoysiagrass, do not apply to warm- season turfgrass unless injury can be tolerated . Do not apply to centipede or St . Augustine grasses when the air temperatures > 80°F . MCPA + fluroxypyr Battleship III BA, BE, BU, Many broadleaf For best results, add an adjuvant . O, 4 ester + triclopyr (2–4 pt) CBG, CE, FF, weeds KB, TF, Z MCPA + fluroxypyr ChangeUp BA, BE, CBG, Many broadleaf Use higher application rates for dense O, 4 ester + dicamba (2–3 pt) CE, F, R, SA, Z weeds infestations of perennial weeds . Do not apply to ‘Floratam’ St . Augustinegrass . Applications to dormant bahiagrass, bermudagrass, and zoysiagrass are suggested . Do not apply broadcast to carpetgrass or St . Augustinegrass when temperatures > 80°F . mesotrione Tenacity BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf and grassy Can be applied immediately before F2, 27 (5–8 fl oz) FF, KB, PR, weeds, including seeding tolerant species SA, TF nimblewill and Apply to dormant bermudagrass only . creeping bentgrass See label for information on tank mixtures with simazine or atrazine . Temporarily bleaches (whitens) susceptible species Apply with NIS . Use on St . Augustine restricted to sod farms only continued on next page

Weeds 15 Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group metsulfuron- Blade, Manor, BE, CE, FF, Broadleaf weeds, Apply with NIS at 0 .25% v/v . Rates vary B, 2 methyl MSM turf, others KB, SA, Z bahiagrass, ryegrass depending on turfgrass species (0 125–1. oz wt) May injure centipedegrass Use caution around trees and ornamental plants . See label for more information . metsulfuron- Blindside BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf weeds, May temporarily discolor some turfgrass E, 14 + methyl + (3 .25–10 oz wt) KB, TF, SA, Z some grasses, after application B, 2 sulfentrazone sedges Do not apply within 7 days of trinexapac-ethyl application . Use caution around trees and ornamental plants . See label for more information . metsulfuron- NEGATE 37WG BE, Z Grassy and broadleaf Not for residential property B, 2 methyl (1 .5 oz) weeds, including Use caution when applying upslope or + rimsulfuron bahiagrass near sensitive cool-season grasses . Apply with NIS at 0 .25% v/v . Use caution around trees and ornamental plants . See label for more information . metribuzin Sencor 75% BE Some broadleaf Can be applied to dormant turf . Do C1, 5 (0 .33–0 .66 lb) and grassy not apply to dormant turf in the weeds, including transition zone where stress from cold goosegrass is expected . Do not apply if the mowing height is less than 0 .5 in . Do not apply in root zone of ornamental trees or shrubs . Not for turf being sold for commercial use . For application by commercial applicators only penoxsulam Sapphire BE, CBG, PR, Some broadleaf May injure perennial ryegrass and tall B, 2 (0 .25–1 .5 pt) TF weeds fescue . Do not apply at > 0 .5 pt/A to these species . penoxsulam + Avenue South BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf weeds Tank-mixing with metsulfuron-methyl B, 2 + O, 4 sulfentrazone + (2 7–5. .0 pt) KB, PR, TF, at 0 .25–0 .5 oz/A increases spectrum of + E, 14 2,4-D + dicamba SA, SS, Z weed control . To ensure that weeds are actively growing, apply when temperatures are above 50°F and will not drop below 40°F for 10 days after application . May temporarily discolor St . Augustine or zoysiagrass; mowing will remove it Texas A&M research found it safe for ‘Raleigh’ St . Augustine during spring transition . Do not apply to St . Augustine during fall transition . continued on next page

16 Weeds Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group pronamide Kerb SC BE, CE, SA, Z Annual grassy weeds Restricted-use pesticide . Not for K1, 3 (1 .25–5 pt) residential sites . Kerb 50WP Provides early post emergence control (1–4 lb) of several grassy weeds Should be activated by light rainfall or irrigation within 24 hours of application When applying upslope of sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . Slowly removes overseeded perennial ryegrass from bermudagrass (4–6 wk); apply after 50% bermudagrass greenup to prevent bermudagrass injury pyraflufen-ethyl Octane 2% SC BE, CBG, CE, Broadleaf weeds Consider tank-mixing with synthetic E, 14 (0 7–4. fl oz) KB, PR, SA, auxin herbicides such as 2,4-D . TF, Z Treated areas may be seeded or overseeded 1 day after application . See label for adjuvant information . quinclorac Drive XLR8 Many Many annual grassy MSO surfactant is preferred . L, 21 (22–64 fl oz) warm- and weeds including For more information on quinclorac, see monocot) O, Quinclorac 75DF cool-season crabgrass; some Table 5 and the section on crabgrass 4 (dicot) (1 .0 lb) species . See broadleaf weeds control, beginning on p . 25 . label Can be applied before, at, or after seeding many grasses quinclorac + Quincept Many Some grassy weeds For crabgrass control, see comments for L, 21 2,4-D + dicamba (7 .0–8 .0 pt) warm- and such as crabgrass; Drive XLR8 above . monocot) cool-season many broadleaf For more information on quinclorac, O, 4 (dicot) species . See weeds Table 5 and “Crabgrass control,” p . 25 . label quinclorac + Onetime Many Some grassy and Do not apply to turfgrass grown for sod . L, 21 mecoprop + (22–64 fl oz) warm- and many broadleaf For more information on quinclorac, see (monocot) dicamba cool-season weeds Table 5 and the section on crabgrass O, 4 (dicot) species . See control, beginning on p . 25 . label quinclorac + Solitare BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf weeds, Applications within 7 days of E, 14 + L, sulfentrazone (1–2 lb) KB, PR, TF, some grasses, trinexapac-ethyl are not recommended . 21 SS, Z including crabgrass, May cause unacceptable injury to (monocot) sedges Centipedegrass . O, 4 (dicot) For more information on quinclorac, see Table 5 and the section on crabgrass control, beginning on p . 25 . quinclorac + Q4 Plus BE, F, PR, R, Some grassy weeds, See label for information about L, 21 sulfentrazone + (5–8 pt) KB, Z nutsedge, broadleaf potential injury to warm-season grasses . (monocot) 2,4-D + dicamba weeds O, 4 (dicot) + E, 14 MSMA many BE, KB, Z Some grassy and See EPA legislation on use restrictions Z, 17 (see label) (see label) broadleaf weeds, at different sites . As of this writing, sedges MSMA is registered for use only on golf courses and sod farms, with application restrictions . continued on next page

Weeds 17 Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group MSMA + 2,4-D Trimec Plus BE, KB, PR, Grassy and This product contains MSMA . Read the O, 4 + Z, 17 + mecoprop + (8–13 .5 pt) TF, Z broadleaf weeds label carefully for use restrictions . dicamba Do not apply to cool- or warm-season turfgrass when temperatures > 80°F and 90°F, respectively . rimsulfuron TranXit BE, CE, Z Cool-season grasses Do not apply to residential lawns . B, 2 (0 .5–2 oz wt) including ryegrass, Can be applied to non-overseeded Rimsulfuron 25 DF annual bluegrass, bermudagrass putting greens . (0 125–2. oz wt) some broadleaf Use caution when applying upslope or weeds near sensitive cool-season grasses . May injure centipedegrass sethoxydim Segment CE, FF Grassy weeds Can be applied to seedling A, 1 (1 .5–3 75. pt) including bahiagrass centipedegrass and fine fescue . If tank- and bermudagrass mixed with some broadleaf herbicides, suppression it may not control grassy weeds sulfentrazone Dismiss Most Broadleaf weeds, May temporarily discolor exposed E, 14 (4–12 fl oz) warm- and some sedges St . Augustine or zoysiagrass leaves; cool-season mowing will remove discoloration grasses . See label sulfentrazone + Dismiss South BA, BE, BU, Broadleaf weeds, Can discolor turfgrass temporarily . E, 14 + B, 2 imazethapyr (9 .5–14 .4 fl oz) CE, Z sedges Imazethapyr has foliar and soil activity . Adequate soil moisture improves weed control . sulfentrazone + Surge B, BA, BE, BU, Broadleaf weeds — E, 14 + O, 4 2,4-D + mecoprop (2 75–4. pt) CBG, CE, FF, + dicamba PR, R, TF, Z sulfosulfuron Certainty BE, BA, BU, Broadleaf, grassy Use a non-ionic surfactant at 0 .25–0 .5% B, 2 (0 75–2. oz) CE, SA, SS, Z weeds, sedges v/v . Controls tall fescue, early-stage rescuegrass, other cool-season grasses . No longer registered for cool-season turfgrasses thiencarbazone- Celsius WG BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf, grassy When applying upslope of sensitive B, 2 + O, 4 methyl + (2 .5–4 .9 oz) SA, Z weeds cool-season grasses, follow label to iodosulfuron + prevent off-target movement . dicamba See label for information on adjuvant selection and spot treatment rates . thiencarbazone- Tribute Total BE, Z Broadleaf, grassy, When applying upslope of sensitive B, 2 methyl + (1–3 .2 oz) sedges cool-season grasses, follow label to foramsulfuron prevent off-target movement . + halosulfuron- Can be used to remove overseeded methyl cool-season species . See label for information on adjuvant selection and spot treatment rates . topramezone Pylex CE, CBG, FF, Several grassy and CBG is tolerant to applications at ≤ 0 .25 F2, 27 (1–1 .5 fl oz) KB, TF, PR broadleaf weeds fl oz/A . including common Can be applied any time before seeding bermudagrass, tolerant turfgrasses . goosegrass, nimblewill See label for surfactant information . Temporarily bleaches (whitens) susceptible species; see label for tank- mix partners to reduce bleaching Supplemental label should be available in 2016 for goosegrass control in bermudagrass and seashore paspalum . continued on next page

18 Weeds Table 4 continued. Postemergence herbicides for selective weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group triclopyr ester T-Zone, T-Zone SE BA, BE, FF, Broadleaf weeds See label for information on adjuvant O, 4 + sulfentrazone (2–4 pt) PR, R, TF, Z use . + + 2,4-D ester + Do not apply to warm-season turfgrass E, 14 dicamba unless injury can be tolerated . See label for drift management BMPs . triclopyr ester Turflon Ester, B, PR, TF Broadleaf weeds Can suppress bermudagrass and O, 4 Turflon Ester Ultra kikuyugrass (1–2 pt) Do not use on warm-season turfgrass unless injury can be tolerated . triclopyr + Confront BA, BE, BU, Broadleaf weeds Not for use in residential turfgrass . O, 4 clopyralid (1 .0–2 .0 pt) CBG, CE, FF, Do not collect clippings for mulch or KB, PR, TF, Z compost . Do not apply to warm-season turfgrass unless injury can be tolerated; see label for more details . Do not apply to bermudagrass on sod farms . trifloxysulfuron Monument 75WG BE, Z Grassy weeds, Can suppress bahiagrass, dallisgrass, B, 2 (0 1–0. .53 oz) sedges, some and torpedograss . broadleaf weeds Use to remove overseeded ryegrass and Poa trivialis . Apply with NIS at 0 .25–0 .5 % v/v . When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement .

Synthetic auxin postemergence Because volatilization increases as air temperatures increase, apply esters in early spring when tempera- herbicides for broadleaf weeds tures are lower. Esters penetrate the waxy leaf cuticle Several synthetic auxin herbicides, such as 2,4-D, are better than amine formulations, which may improve widely used for control of broadleaf weeds in turfgrass. broadleaf weed control. Products usually contain more than one synthetic auxin To determine whether a product is an amine or an herbicide to control different weed species. As a result, ester formulation, see Table 4. It lists products con- there are many different combinations of synthetic aux- taining an ester herbicide in the “Common name” ins, and choosing a product can be difficult. column. For example, a 2,4-D ester formulation is Use the descriptions of active ingredients and indicated as 2,4-D ester; amine and other salt formu- Table 5 to help select the best herbicide for the target lations are not specified and appear simply as 2,4-D. weed(s) and turfgrass. The table does not list all herbi- In some counties, application of both ester and cides that provide broadleaf weed control, only those amine phenoxy herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, etc.) is that contain synthetic auxin herbicides. restricted or regulated under Chapter 76 of the Texas Amine vs. ester: Many synthetic auxin herbicides, Agricultural Code. Turfgrass on home lawns is especially 2,4-D, are formulated as either amine salts exempt from these restrictions. Because the restric- or esters. Amine formulations are less volatile and tions often vary based on the time of year, review therefore less likely esters to enter the atmosphere in them before applying a synthetic auxin herbicide. the vapor phase and injure sensitive plants in nearby 2,4-D: This synthetic auxin has been produced gardens or ornamental beds. since the 1940s and is still widely used because it con-

Weeds 19 trols many broadleaf weeds economically. It does not Dichlorprop: This herbicide is similar to 2,4- control clovers (Trifolium, Medicago, and Melilotus D. Dichlorprop is usually combined with 2,4-D to spp.). It is often combined with other synthetic auxin increase the spectrum of weed control compared to herbicides, such as dicamba, to improve control of either applied alone. difficult target weeds. Fluroxypyr: This herbicide is combined with other Because creeping bentgrass and St. Augustinegrass herbicides to provide broad-spectrum weed control. are less tolerant of 2,4-D than are other turfgrasses, Weed control is similar to that provided by clopyralid check the product label for formulations that contain except that fluroxypyr controls lespedeza Lespedeza( lower rates of 2,4-D. Table 5 also lists synthetic auxin sp.). herbicide rates in various products. Unlike clopyralid, fluroxypyr can be applied to Clopyralid: Although it controls fewer species residential lawns, and clippings may be collected. It than herbicides such as 2,4-D and triclopyr, clopyralid is more likely than clopyralid to temporarily injure provides good to excellent control of tough-to-control warm-season turfgrass, especially bermudagrass and weeds such as black medic (Medicago lupulina), clo- St. Augustinegrass. vers (Trifolium, Medicago, and Melilotus spp.), Vir- MCPA and mecoprop (MCPP): These herbicides ginia buttonweed (Diodia virginiana), and members of are chemically similar to 2,4-D and control similar the Asteraceae family, which includes several genera weeds. MCPA may result in less injury than 2,4-D to of thistles. some turfgrasses . Clopyralid can be applied to most warm- and Triclopyr: This herbicide provides excellent con- cool-season grasses, including St. Augustinegrass and trol of some tough-to-control weeds such as clovers centipedegrass. It cannot be applied to residential (Trifolium, Medicago, and Melilotus spp.), lespedeza turfgrass. In other areas, do not collect clippings for (Lespedeza spp.), and wild violet (Viola papilionacea), use as mulch or compost after application. among others. Dicamba: Often used in combination with 2,4-D However, it can injure some warm-season turf- to provide broad-spectrum weed control, dicamba grasses, especially bermudagrass at higher rates. provides control of clovers (Trifolium, Medicago, and Quinclorac: This highly selective herbicide pro- Melilotus spp.) and weeds with a prostrate growth vides excellent black medic (Medicago lupulina) habit such as prostrate knotweed (Polygonum avicu- and clover (Trifolium, Medicago, and Melilotus spp.) lare). control. It also controls grassy weeds such as crabgrass It is less effective against dandelion Taraxacum( (Digitaria spp.), barnyardgrass (Echninochloa crus- officinale). Because dicamba can be absorbed through galli), and foxtail (Setaria spp.) at higher rates. plant roots in addition to foliage, use caution when Do not use it on bahiagrass, St. Augustinegrass, applying it around the driplines of trees and ornamen- or centipedegrass. At higher rates, it may also injure tal plants. warm-season grasses such as bermudagrass.

20 Weeds Product formulations containing synthetic auxin herbicides

Table 5. Synthetic auxin herbicide rates in various products Active ingredient (lb/A)

Rate (per

Trade name acre) 2,4-D clopyralid dicamba dichlorprop (2,4-DP) fluroxypyr MCPA mecoprop (MCPP) triclopyr quinclorac 2DQ 1–3 pt 0 .4–1 .2 — 0 .04– — — — — — 0 .04– 0 13. 0 12. 4Speed1 1 .8–4 pt 0 .5–1 .1 — 0 .05– — — — 0 13–. — — 0 11. 0 .29 4Speed XT1 1 .8–4 pt 0 .5–1 .1 — 0 .05– — — — — 0 .05– — 0 11. 0 11. Avenue 2 7–5. pt 0 .18– — 0 .05– — — — — — — South2,3 0 .33 0 .09 Banvel 0 .5 pt– — — 0 .25–2 ­— — — — — — 2 qt Battleship III 3–4 pt — — — — 0 .11–0 .15 1 1–1. .4 — 0 .10– — 0 .14 ChangeUp 2–3 pt — — 0 .10–0 .15 — 0 .10–0 .15 1 .0–1 .5 — — — Clean Slate 0 .25– — 0 1–0. .5 — — — — — — — 1 .33 pt Confront 1–2 pt — 0 1–0. .2 — — — — — 0 .28– — 0 .56 Cool Power 2 .5– — — 0 .09– — — 0 9–1. .3 — 0 .09– — 3 .5 pt 0 13. 0 13. Drive XLR8 22–64 oz — — — — — — — — 0 .25– 0 75. EndRun 1 .8–4 pt 0 .5–1 .2 — 0 .04–0 1. — — 0 1–0. .3 — — — Escalade 2 2–3 pt 0 .8–1 .2 — 0 .1–0 .15 — 0 .1–0 .15 — — — — Hardball 1–1 75. qt 0 .4–0 .8 — — — — — — — — Horsepower 2–3 pt — — 0 .1–0 .14 — — 1 .0–1 .4 — 0 .1–0 .14 — Last Call4 3 .5–4 pt — — 0 .1–0 .125 — 0 .1–0 .125 — — — — Lontrel 0 .25– — 0 1–0. .5 — — — — — — — 1 .33 pt Mecomec 2 .5 4–5 17. pt — — — — — — 0 .6–0 75. — — Mecomec 4 2 75–. — — — — — — 0 .6–0 75. — — 3 .5 pt Millennium 1 .5–3 pt 0 .6–1 .1 0 .03– 0 .07– — — — — — — Ultra 2 0 .07 0 .14 Momentum 3–4 pt 0 .84–1 .1 — — — 0 .10– — — 0 .10–0 .13 — FX2 0 .14 Momentum Q 7–8 pt 0 9–1. .0 — 0 .10–0 .13 — — — — — 0 .66– 0 75. Onetime 22–64 oz — — 0 .03–0 1. — — — 0 13–. — 0 .25– 0 .38 0 75. Powerzone5 2–5 pt — — 0 .06– — — 0 .6–1 .4 0 11–. — — 0 .14 0 .28 Q42 5–8 pt 0 .6–0 9. — 0 .06–0 1. — — — — — 0 .47– 0 75. Quincept 7–8 pt 0 9–1. — 0 .11–0 .13 — — — — — 0 .66– 0 75. continued on next page

Weeds 21 Table 5 continued. Synthetic auxin herbicide rates in various products Active ingredient (lb/A)

Rate (per

Trade name acre) 2,4-D clopyralid dicamba dichlorprop (2,4-DP) fluroxypyr MCPA mecoprop (MCPP) triclopyr quinclorac Quinclorac 1 lb — — — — — — — — 0 75. 75DF RedZone 21 3–4 pt 0 9–1. .1 — 0 .09– — — — 0 .21– — — 0 11. 0 .29 Solitare2 1–2 lb — — — — — — — — 0 .56–1 .2 SpeedZone5 2–5 pt 0 .4–1 — 0 .04– — — — 0 12–0. .3 — — 0 .09 SpeedZone 1 .5–5 pt 0 1–0. .3 — 0 .01– — — — 0 .05– — — Southern 0 .03 0 125. Spoiler 1 7–4. pt 0 .6–1 .3 — — 0 15–. — — 0 15–. — — 0 .36 0 .36 SquareOne5 8–18 oz — — — — — — — — 0 .33– 0 74. Surge2 2 75–. 0 .5–0 7. — 0 .08– — — — 0 17–. — — 4 pt 0 11. 0 .25 T-Zone2 2–4 pt 0 .4–0 9. — 0 .05–0 1. — — — — 0 13–. — 0 .25 Tri-Power 2–3 9. pt — — 0 .08– — — 0 .8–1 .5 0 15–0. .3 — — 0 15. Triamine 1 75–4. pt 0 .3–0 .6 — — 0 .14– — — 0 .14– — — 0 .31 0 .31 Trimec 3–6 pt 0 .2–0 .3 — 0 .07– — — 0 .3–0 .5 — — — Bentgrass 0 .14 Formula Trimec Classic 2–4 pt 0 .5–1 — 0 .05– — — — 0 13–. — — 0 11. 0 .27 Trimec Plus6 8–13 .5 pt 0 .5–0 .8 — 0 12–0. .2 — — — 0 .24– — — 0 .41 Trimec 1–3 pt 0 .2–0 .5 — 0 .04– — — — 0 17–0. .5 — — Southern 0 11. Triplet Low 1 .8–4 pt 0 .5–1 .2 — 0 .05– — — — 0 .14– — — Odor 0 11. 0 .32 Triplet SF 1 .8–4 pt 0 .5–1 .2 — 0 .05– — — — 0 .14– — — 0 11. 0 .32 Turflon Ester, 1–2 pt — — — — — — — 0 .5–1 — Turflon Ester Ultra Vanquish 0 .5–2 pt — — 0 .25–1 — — — — — — Vision 0 .5–2 pt — — 0 .24–1 — — — — — — Vista XRT — — — — — 0 13–. — — — — 0 .48 Weeder 64 1–1 .5 qt 1 .0–1 .4 — — — — — — — — 1: Also contains pyraflufen-ethyl, which kills susceptible weeds within 48 hours 2: Also contains sulfentrazone, which kills susceptible weeds within 48 hours 3: Also contains penoxsulam, a systemic ALS-inhibiting herbicide that controls broadleaf weeds 4: Also contains fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, which controls many grassy weeds 5: Also contains carfentrazone, which kills susceptible weeds within 48 hours 6: Also contains MSMA, which controls some broadleaf and grassy weeds

22 Weeds Nonsynthetic auxin herbicides for postemergence broadleaf weed control Several products do not contain synthetic auxin herbicides but provide primarily postemergence broadleaf weed control (Table 6). These products may be desirable in areas where products with less active ingredient are required to provide weed control or where volatility is a concern.

Table 6. Nonsynthetic auxin herbicides for postemergence broadleaf weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group carfentrazone Quicksilver Most cool- Some broadleaf A contact herbicide with little residual E, 14 (1–6 7. fl oz) and warm- weeds, moss activity . season Tank-mixing with synthetic auxin grasses . herbicides enhances weed control, See label especially against perennial weeds . Can be applied to creeping bentgrass and hybrid bermudagrass putting greens for moss control . Apply at up to 2 1. fl oz/A for broadleaf weed control and up to 6 7. fl oz/A for moss control . florasulam Defendor BA, BE, CBG, Some broadleaf Controls small, actively growing weeds . B, 2 (4 fl oz) CE, FF, KB, weeds Best for controlling small weeds in late PR, SA, TF, winter or early spring . SS, Z Apply in combination with dithiopyr (Dimension) for residual weed control . metsulfuron- Blade, Manor, BE, CE, FF, Broadleaf weeds, Provides good to excellent control of B, 2 methyl MSM turf, others KB, SA, Z bahiagrass, ryegrass many broadleaf weed species . (0 125–1. oz) A systemic herbicide with some soil residual; injury symptoms may not be evident for 2 wk after application Use caution around trees and ornamental plants . See label for more information . metsulfuron- NEGATE 37WG BE, Z Grassy and broadleaf See metsulfuron-methyl above for B, 2 methyl + (1 .5 oz) weeds, including information on broadleaf weed rimsulfuron bahiagrass control . Rimsulfuron generally does not enhance broadleaf weed control compared to metsulfuron-methyl alone . Use caution around trees and ornamental plants . See label for more information . penoxsulam Sapphire BE, CBG, PR, Some broadleaf Provides control of weeds in the early B, 2 (0 .25–1 .5 pt) TF weeds stages of growth with some residual LockUp control (see label) LockUp is a granular material often formulated with other herbicides such as dicamba to enhance broadleaf weed control . continued on next page

Weeds 23 Table 6 continued. Nonsynthetic auxin herbicides for postemergence broadleaf weed control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Weeds controlled Comments group pyraflufen-ethyl Octane BE, CBG, CE, Broadleaf weeds A contact herbicide with little residual E, 14 (0 7–4. oz) KB, PR, SA, activity TF, Z Combining with synthetic auxin herbicides enhances weed control, especially for perennial weeds . sulfentrazone Blindside BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf weeds, Provides good to excellent control of E, 14 + B, 2 + metsulfuron- (3 .25–10 oz) KB, TF, SA, Z some grasses, many broadleaf weed species . methyl sedges A systemic herbicide with some soil residual . Use caution around trees and ornamental plants . See label for more information . Sulfentrazone results in injury symptoms visible within 48 hours, compared to about 2 wk for metsulfuron-methyl alone . thiencarbazone- Celsius WG BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf, grassy Controls many broadleaf weeds . B, 2 + O, 4 methyl + (2 .5–4 .9 oz) SA, Z weeds Two applications may be needed for iodosulfuron + difficult-to-control weeds such as dicamba dichondra, wild geranium, and Virginia buttonweed .

Nonselective herbicides for general weed control

Table 7. Nonselective herbicides for general weed control and/or turfgrass renovations Trade name HRAC, WSSA Common name (Product/A) Comments group dazomet Basamid See label regarding site preparation, use rates, tarping and overhead Z, 17 (218–525 lb) irrigation after application . Tarping may improve efficacy . Restricted-use pesticide diquat Reward Quickly dries out green tissues . Adequate spray volume is essential to D, 22 (1–2 pt) obtain leaf coverage and best control . A contact herbicide that does not translocate and therefore does not control perennial weeds glufosinate Finale Translocation more limited than that of glyphosate; thus, it is excellent H, 10 (3–6 qt) for edging around desirable turfgrass . Can be applied to dormant bermudagrass glyphosate RoundUp, Optimal for control of grasses and many broadleaf plants . At low rates, G, 9 Touchdown, many does not completely control legumes or Cyperaceae (sedges and others (see label) kyllingas) pelargonic acid Scythe Dries out green tissues quickly . Spray volume must be adequate to Z, 17 (see label) obtain leaf coverage and best control . Does not translocate or control perennial weeds .

24 Weeds Herbicides for commonly occurring weeds

Crabgrass up to the 4- to 5-leaf stage, which is usually the last growth stage before it produces tillers. The Preemergence herbicides Dimension label will likely change in 2016 to Most preemergence herbicides in the section on indicate control of larger crabgrass plants with preemergence herbicides for grassy and broadleaf multiple tillers. weeds (beginning on page 4) provide suitable crab- • Indaziflam (Specticle) can control crabgrass at grass control when applied before crabgrass germina- the 2-leaf stage or smaller. tion. Germination typically occurs in late winter Postemergence herbicides (February to mid-March), but varies from year to These herbicides control crabgrass plants at various year, based on temperature, rainfall, and location. growth stages after germination. See the comments Crabgrass germination usually begins when the soil section and the product label for efficacy and appli- temperature at a 2-inch depth reaches 55°F for at least cation rates at various growth stages. Most products 3 days. in Table 8 control smooth (Digitaria ischaemum) The forsythia Forsythia( spp.) plant can sometimes and large (Digitaria sanguinalis) crabgrass. Control be used to time preemergence herbicide application. may vary for other crabgrass species, such as blanket Make preemergence applications when forsythia is (D. serotina), India (D. longiflora), and tropical (D. in full bloom (since they are usually among the first bicomis) crabgrass. plants to bloom, their yellow flowers are easy to spot). If you apply herbicides early in the season in areas Forsythia plants are more prevalent in East Texas— where the desirable turfgrass is thin and crabgrass they are rare in West Texas. infestations are severe, new crabgrass plants will Some preemergence herbicides can provide early germinate in the voids after the existing crabgrass postemergence control of small crabgrass plants. Con- plants are controlled. For residual control, consider sider using one of these herbicides if you cannot make tank-mixing a preemergence herbicide with the poste- an application before crabgrass germinates: mergence herbicides in Table 8. • Dithiopyr (such as Dimension) and prodiamine + sulfentrazone (Echelon) can control crabgrass

Weeds 25 Table 8. Postemergence herbicides for crabgrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group asulam Asulox BE (Tifway Grassy weeds For use on sod farms only . For use only I, 18 (6 .0–8 .0 pt) only), SA including crabgrass on Tifway (419) bermudagrass . and sandbur fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Acclaim Extra CBG, FF, KB, Some grassy Application rate depends on crabgrass A, 1 (3 .5–39 fl oz) PR, TF, Z weeds including tiller stage . goosegrass See label for information on surfactant use . Broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D reduce efficacy on grassy weeds . Do not apply 5 days before or 21 days after an application of 2,4-D or similar herbicide . fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Last Call FF, KB, PR, Some grassy Treat annual grassy weeds at the A, 1 + O, 4 + fluroxypyr ester + (3 .5–4 pt) TF, Z weeds including 1-leaf—4-tiller stage for best control . dicamba goosegrass and See label for information on surfactant broadleaf weeds use . Broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D reduce efficacy on grassy weeds . Do not apply 5 days before or 21 days after applying 2,4-D or a similar herbicide . imazapic Plateau See label Broadleaf weeds, Suppresses crabgrass . B, 2 (2–12 fl oz) some grassy Best for weed control and/or seedhead weeds, seedhead suppression in low-maintenance areas suppression imazaquin Image 70DG BE, CE, SA, Broadleaf weeds, Suppresses crabgrass B, 2 (8 .6–11 .4 oz wt) SS, Z sedges, some grasses mesotrione Tenacity BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf and grassy Control is inconsistent against crabgrass F2, 27 (5–8 fl oz) FF, KB, PR, weeds, including above the 4-tiller stage . SA, TF nimblewill and creeping bentgrass MSMA Many BE, KB, Z Some grassy and See EPA legislation regarding use Z, 17 (see label) broadleaf weeds, restrictions on different sites . As of sedges this writing MSMA is registered for use only on golf courses, sod farms with application restrictions . MSMA + 2,4-D Trimec Plus BE, KB, PR, Grassy and This product contains MSMA; read the O, 4 + Z, 17 + mecoprop + (8–13 .5 pt) TF, Z broadleaf weeds label carefully for use restrictions . dicamba quinclorac Drive XLR8 Many Many annual grassy Apply with MSO or other high-quality L, 21 (22–64 fl oz) warm- and weeds and some surfactant . (monocot) Quinclorac 75DF cool-season broadleaf weeds Apply before plants reach the 1-tiller O, 4 (dicot) (1 lb) species . See stage or once they have matured to 5 label tillers or greater . Applications to grasses at the 2- to 4-tiller stage may not provide complete control . quinclorac + Quincept Many Many broadleaf Apply before plants reach the 1-tiller L, 21 2,4-D + dicamba (7–8 pt) warm- and weeds stage or once they have matured to 5 (monocot) Momentum Q cool-season tillers or greater . Applications to grasses O, 4 (dicot) (7–8 pt) species . See at the 2- to 4-tiller stage may not label provide complete control . quinclorac + Onetime Many Some grassy and Apply before plants reach the 1-tiller L, 21 mecoprop + (22–64 fl oz) warm- and many broadleaf stage or once they have matured to 5 (monocot) dicamba cool-season weeds tillers or greater . Applications to grasses O, 4 (dicot) species . See at the 2- to 4-tiller stage may not label provide complete control . Do not apply to turfgrass grown for sod . continued on next page

26 Weeds Table 8 continued. Postemergence herbicides for crabgrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group quinclorac + Solitare BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf weeds, Applications within 7 days of E, 14 + sulfentrazone (1–2 lb) KB, PR, TF, some grasses and trinexapac-ethyl are not recommended . L, 21 SS, Z sedges (monocot) O, 4 (dicot) quinclorac + Q4 BE Some grassy weeds, See label for information about L, 21 sulfentrazone + (5–8 pt) nutsedge, broadleaf potential injury to warm-season grasses . (monocot) 2,4-D + dicamba weeds O, 4 (dicot) + E, 14 sethoxydim Segment CE, FF Grassy weeds Tank mixture with some broadleaf A, 1 (1 .5–3 75. pt) including bahiagrass herbicides can result in failure to control and bermudagrass grassy weeds . suppression thiencarbazone- Celsius WG BE, BU, CE, Many broadleaf, Controls crabgrass in early stages of B, 2 + O, 4 methyl + (2 .5–4 .9 oz) SA, Z grassy weeds growth iodosulfuron + dicamba thiencarbazone- Tribute Total BE, Z Broadleaf, grassy, Apply at the 3 .2 oz/A rate to crabgrass B, 2 methyl + (1–3 .2 oz) sedges up to the 2-tiller stage . Sequential foramsulfuron applications may be necessary . + halosulfuron- methyl topramezone Pylex CE, CBG, FF, Several grassy and Apply at 1 .0–1 .5 fl oz/A for crabgrass F2, 27 (1 .0–1 .5 fl oz) KB, TF, PR broadleaf weeds control . including common bermudagrass and nimblewill

Goosegrass and go down to 65 to 75°F at night. It is particularly suited to germinate in bare areas where temperatures Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) often outcompetes fluctuate more rapidly. Germination typically occurs desirable turfgrass in compacted areas with limited 4 to 6 weeks after crabgrass, but varies from year to root zone oxygen. Aeration or other cultural practices year, based on temperature and rainfall. that reduce compaction in combination with herbicide Therefore, in areas with a history of goosegrass applications can help reduce goosegrass infestations. infestations, a second preemergence herbicide applica- Goosegrass populations resistant to one or more tion is recommended 6 to 8 weeks after an application herbicidal modes of action have been reported in turf- timed for crabgrass control. grass across the United States. This includes preemer- gence WSSA Group 3 herbicides such as prodiamine, Postemergence herbicides pendimethalin, and trifluralin as well as postemer- gence WSSA group 1 and 5 herbicides such as fenoxa- Apply postemergence herbicides before goosegrass prop-P-ethyl and metribuzin. Rotate herbicide modes of plants become too large. Most herbicides in Table 9 do action to prevent development of resistant populations. not control multi-tiller goosegrass plants with single applications. They do control plants in the pre-tiller or Preemergence herbicides leaf stages of growth. Scouting areas with a history of goosegrass infesta- Most preemergence herbicides in the section on tions before plants tiller can help reduce herbicide appli- preemergence herbicides for grassy and broadleaf weeds cations and application rates necessary for control. To (beginning on page 4) provide suitable goosegrass con- prevent emergence of new goosegrass plants from seed, trol when applied before goosegrass germination. tank-mix postemergence herbicides with preemergence Several studies suggest that goosegrass germinates herbicides for early and mid-season applications. when temperatures reach 85 to 95°F during the day

Weeds 27 Table 9. Postemergence herbicides for goosegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group asulam Asulox BE (Tifway Grassy weeds For use on sod farms only . For use only I, 18 (6–8 pt) only), SA including crabgrass on Tifway (419) bermudagrass and sandbur diclofop Illoxan BE Goosegrass only Manufacturing discontinued in 2014 A, 1 (32 .6–43 .5 fl oz) For use on golf courses only; can be applied to bermudagrass putting greens

sulfentrazone Dismiss, Most Broadleaf weeds Apply at 4–12 fl oz/A for control of leaf E, 14 Spartan 4F warm- and stage (pre-tiller) goosegrass plants . (4–12 fl oz) cool-season Apply the highest rate allowed by the grasses; see label in your desirable turfgrass . label May discolor St . Augustine or zoysiagrass temporarily, but it typically recovers after a brief period of new growth . Other sulfentrazone-containing herbicides such as Dismiss South and Solitare also provide similar goosegrass control . Refer to product labels for more information . fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Acclaim Extra CBG, FF, KB, Grassy weeds Application rate depends highly on A, 1 (3 .5–39 fl oz) PR, TF, Z including crabgrass goosegrass tiller stage . Apply 13 fl oz/A to leaf-stage plants . Apply between 13 and 39 fl oz/A to tillered plants . See label for more information . Do not apply more than 28 fl oz/A to zoysiagrass . fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade II TF, Z Bermudagrass, Refer to the label for recommended A, 1 (see label) (2–6 fl oz) dallisgrass application rate . Ornamec 170 suppression Provides good goosegrass control in (see label) the early tillering stages Ornamec Over- More effective against goosegrass than The-Top large crabgrass (see label) foramsulfuron Revolver BE, BU, Z Overseeded cool- 2 or 3 sequential applications of at least B, 2 (8 .8–35 .2 fl oz) season grasses, 17 .4 fl oz/A control small goosegrass some broadleaf plants . weeds Can be applied to bermudagrass putting greens for goosegrass control; apply before goosegrass tillering Follow label to prevent off-target movement . Adjuvants such as MSO, UAN, or AMS may improve control . Tank-mixing with metribuzin (Sencor) or MSMA in bermudagrass may improve control but will likely injure it temporarily . continued on next page

28 Weeds Table 9 continued. Postemergence herbicides for goosegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group mesotrione Tenacity BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf and grassy In the state of Florida, see 24(c) label for F2, 27 (5–8 fl oz) FF, KB, PR, weeds, including goosegrass control on bermudagrass SA, TF nimblewill and athletic fields and golf courses creeping bentgrass Controls goosegrass in the early stages of growth Apply to bermudagrass only if injury can be tolerated . metribuzin Sencor 75% BE Some broadleaf and Do not apply if the mowing height is C1, 5 (0 .33–0 .66 lb) grassy weeds less than 0 .5 in . Do not apply within the root zone of ornamental trees or shrubs . Tank-mixing with MSMA improves goosegrass control, but also increases temporary bermudagrass injury . Metribuzin + MSMA will likely injure bermudagrass more than metribuzin + foramsulfuron or MSMA + foramsulfuron . Use low rate if soil pH > 7 .5 . MSMA Many BE, KB, Z Some grassy and A restricted-use pesticide; see EPA Z, 17 (see label) (see label) broadleaf weeds, legislation regarding use restrictions on sedges different sites May cause transient injury to bermudagrass and zoysiagrass Not recommended for application to Kentucky bluegrass in summer thiencarbazone- Tribute Total BE, Z Broadleaf, grassy Apply at 3 .2 oz/A with MSO and B, 2 methyl + (1 .0–3 .2 oz) weeds, sedges ammonium sulfate . A second foramsulfuron application may be necessary 4 wk later . + halosulfuron- Can control goosegrass up to early tiller methyl stages topramezone Pylex BE, CE, CBG, Several grassy and A supplemental label for use in F2, 27 (1 .0–1 .5 fl oz) FF, KB, SS, broadleaf weeds, bermudagrass and seashore paspalum TF, PR including common may be available in 2016 . bermudagrass and Controls multi-tiller goosegrass plants; nimblewill make a second application 14–21 days later if necessary Temporarily whitens many desirable turfgrasses, especially bermudagrass, seashore paspalum, and creeping bentgrass . Test a small area before application . Apply with COC or MSO adjuvant .

Weeds 29 Sandbur Preemergence herbicides Sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) is a summer annual weed Several preemergence herbicides are labeled for that is extremely difficult to control. Complete control sandbur control (Table 10). Because sandbur plants usually requires combinations of pre- and postemer- germinate later in the season than crabgrass, sequen- gence herbicides. Lack of turfgrass density is often a tial applications may improve control with preemer- contributing factor to sandbur infestations. Import- gence herbicides. ant components of an overall sandbur control pro- Using only preemergence herbicides will likely not gram are proper turfgrass species selection, adequate provide acceptable control. Some sandbur plants can nitrogen fertilizer, and other cultural practices that survive as perennials; in these cases, preemergence improve turfgrass density. herbicides alone are ineffective. Preemergence herbi- Some herbicides listed in Table 10 are registered cides other than those listed may also provide control. specifically for field sandburCenchrus ( spinifex) control, while others are more general and are sim- Postemergence herbicides ply registered for sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) control. In Although applications made before sandbur plants addition to field sandbur, longspine C.( longispinus) tiller are most effective, multiple applications may still and southern (C. echinatus) sandbur can be found in be required for acceptable control. Single applications Texas. to larger plants will not control them acceptably. Because sandbur can sometimes survive the winter Consider combining postemergence herbicides in areas without a hard freeze, preemergence herbi- (Table 11) with preemergence herbicides to control cides and some postemergence herbicides may not be existing plants as well as those that continue to germi- effective for controlling these plants. nate from seed. For more information on sandbur identification, see aggieturf.tamu.edu.

Table 10. Preemergence herbicides for sandbur control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group dithiopyr Dimension 2EW BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Labeled for control of sandbur species, K1, 3 (1–2 pt) CA, CBG, CE, weeds, some small- not exclusive to field sandbur Dithiopyr 2L FF, KB, PR, seeded broadleaves Provides early postemergence (1–2 pt) SA, TF, Z crabgrass control, but not Dimension Ultra postemergence control of other weeds, 40WP including sandbur (0 .625–1 .25 lb) Sequential applications that apply Dithiopyr 40WSB at least 0 .5 lb AI/A per year are (0 .625–1 .25 lb) recommended to improve control . See label for more information . Several others and many fertilizer carriers dimethenamid-P Tower BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Best when applied as a sequential K3, 15 (21–32 fl oz) CE, FF, KB, weeds, several application to pendimethalin (such as PR, SA, SS, small-seeded Pendulum) or as a tank-mixture with TF, Z broadleaves, sedges pendimethalin Can be tank-mixed with postemergence herbicides including sethoxydim (Segment) to provide postemergence residual control in centipedegrass continued on next page

30 Weeds Table 10 continued. Preemergence herbicides for sandbur control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group indaziflam Specticle FLO BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy In sandy soils, downward movement L, 21 (6–10 fl oz) CE, SA, Z weeds, some small- may injure turfgrass roots . When sand Specticle 20WSP seeded broadleaves, content is > 80%, make several low-rate (2 .5–5 oz) sedges emerging applications at 30–45 day intervals . See from seed label for more information . Provides early postemergence control of crabgrass but not sandbur Tank-mix with metribuzin (Sencor) to provide postemergence residual control in bermudagrass . S-metolachlor Pennant BA, BE, CE, Annual grassy Best when applied as a sequential K3, 15 MAGNUM SA, Z weeds, some small- application to prodiamine (such as (1 .3–2 .6 pt) seeded broadleaves, Barricade) or as a tank-mixture with sedges prodiamine Application rates vary, based on soil texture . See label for more information . oryzalin Surflan AS BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Consider splitting applications: 1 .5 qt/A K1, 3 (1 .5–2 qt) CE, SA, TF, Z weeds, some small- followed by 1 .5 qt/A 8–10 wk later . Several other seeded broadleaves, Apply only to well-established mature formulations sedges turfgrass . pendimethalin Pendulum Most Annual grassy See label for sequential application K1, 3 AquaCap warm- and weeds, some small- programs where heavy infestations are (3 1–6. .3 pt) cool-season seeded broadleaves expected . Pendulum 3 .3EC species (3 .6–7 .2 pt) Pendulum 2G (75–150 lb) Many others pendimethalin + Freehand 1 75G. BE, CE, SA, Annual grassy Apply at least 150 lb/A for sandbur K1, 3 + K3, dimethenamid-P (100–200 lb) SS, Z weeds, several control . 15 small-seeded Can be applied before or after broadleaves, sedges postemergence herbicides including Can help remove sethoxydim (Segment) to provide overseeded cool- postemergence residual control season grasses in warm-season turf

Weeds 31 Table 11. Postemergence herbicides for sandbur control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Acclaim Extra CBG, FF, KB, Grassy weeds Application rate depends on tiller stage A, 1 (3 .5–39 fl oz) PR, TF, Z including of target weed . goosegrass and May be applied to newly plugged crabgrass zoysiagrass . See label for information on surfactant use . Broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or triclopyr reduce sandbur control . Do not apply 5 days before or 21 days after an application of 2,4-D or similar herbicide . imazaquin Image 70DG BE, CE, SA, Broadleaf weeds, Include NIS at 0 .25% v/v . Use the high B, 2 (8 .6–11 .4 oz) SS, Z sedges, some application rate . Multiple applications grasses may be required for control . Both roots and shoots absorb this herbicide . Irrigation or rainfall (0 .25 to 0 .5 in) within 1–7 days after application is suggested to improve weed control . metribuzin Sencor 75% BE Some broadleaf Provides control when applied in C1, 5 (0 .33–0 .66 lb) and grassy combination with MSMA weeds, including Short-term phytotoxicity may appear goosegrass after application . Apply only to actively growing turf . MSMA Many BE, KB, Z Some grassy and See EPA legislation regarding use Z, 17 (see label) broadleaf weeds, restrictions on different sites . As of this sedges writing, MSMA is registered only for golf courses, sod farms with application restrictions . sethoxydim Segment CE, FF Grassy weeds, Apply at 2 .25 pt/A to grasses < 6 in . tall . A, 1 (1 .5–3 75. pt) including bahiagrass Can be applied to seedling and bermudagrass centipedegrass and fine fescue suppression

32 Weeds Annual bluegrass the product label before overseeding with cool-season grasses such as perennial ryegrass. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a winter annual that typically germinates in late summer to early fall Pre/postemergence herbicides and becomes problematic in late winter through early spring. Although it can be a weak perennial in some These herbicides control annual bluegrass shortly parts of the United States, it generally cannot survive after germination, but they also provide season-long Texas summers. residual control when applied as directed. Consider these herbicides where annual bluegrass germination Annual bluegrass is one of the most problematic is less predictable or flexibility in application timing is weeds because of its clumping growth habit, seed desired. production at low mowing heights, and ability to produce 1,000 to 2,250 seeds per plant. Among products listed in Table 13, only etho- fumesate can be used on cool-season turfgrasses or Herbicide resistance in conjunction with ryegrass overseeding. For more information, see the comments in Table 13 and refer Herbicide-resistant annual bluegrass is widespread to the product label. across the southern United States. When using the same herbicidal mode of action for several years, Postemergence herbicides herbicide resistance is more likely to develop. These herbicides are typically applied from late fall Herbicide programs that use multiple modes of through early spring for control of emerged annual action make resistance development less likely. For bluegrass. Most postemergence herbicides have more information on herbicide resistance in annual limited residual activity and require tank-mixing a bluegrass, see the factsheet “How to Manage Herbicide preemergence herbicide for season-long control. All Resistance in Annual Bluegrass” at aggieturf.tamu.edu. products in Table 14 provide excellent control when Preemergence herbicides applied to actively growing annual bluegrass. Apply these products before annual bluegrass Nonselective postemergence herbicides germinates. Germination can occur in early to mid- Nonselective postemergence herbicides (Table September in North Texas and later in South Texas. 15) can injure nondormant turfgrass and delay its In turfgrasses mowed at lower heights (such as greenup. To ensure that the turfgrass is dormant, golf course fairways), annual bluegrass germination thoroughly inspect the canopy and ensure that no and subsequent control with some preemergence green leaf tissue is within the turfgrass canopy, thatch, herbicides can be highly variable, so herbicides that or soil/thatch interface. provide pre and postemergence annual bluegrass These herbicides provide no residual annual control may perform more consistently in these areas. bluegrass control, but they can be tank-mixed with Most products in Table 12 cannot be applied for preemergence herbicides for residual weed control. several weeks before ryegrass overseeding, so plan accordingly. See the comments in the table and check

Weeds 33 Table 12. Preemergence herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group Benefin Balan 2 .5G BA, BE, CE, Annual grassy Because benefin is more volatile than K1, 3 (60–120 lb) KB, PR, SA, weeds, some small- other preemergence herbicides, Others TF, Z seeded broadleaves irrigation or rainfall shortly after application improves efficacy . benefin + trifluralin Team 2G Most cool- Annual grassy May thin overseeded grasses in K1, 3 (75–150 lb) and warm- weeds, some small- bermudagrass areas overseeded with Team Pro season seeded broadleaves winter grasses (see label) turfgrasses– Because benefin and trifluralin see label Many fertilizer are more volatile than other carriers preemergence herbicides, irrigation or rainfall shortly after application improves efficacy . bensulide Bensumec 4LF BA, BE, CBG, Annual grassy Can be used on putting greens N, 8 (1 .88–3 13. gal) CE, FF, KB, weeds, some small- Pre-San 7G PR, SA, TF, Z seeded broadleaves (107–180 lb) Pre-San 12 .5G (80–100 lb) dithiopyr Dimension 2EW BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Do not apply to Tifgreen (328) hybrid K1, 3 (1–2 pt) CA, CBG, CE, weeds, some small- bermudagrass . Dithiopyr 2L FF, KB, PR, seeded broadleaves Certain formulations such as those (1 to 2 pt) SA, TF, Z from Anderson’s Golf Products can be Dimension Ultra applied to putting greens with well- 40WP developed root systems . (0 .625–1 .25 lb) Dithiopyr 40WSB (0 .625–1 .25 lb) Several others and many fertilizer carriers dimethenamid-P Tower BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Controls annual bluegrass only when K3, 15 (21–32 fl oz) CE, FF, KB, weeds, several applied with pendimethalin PR, SA, SS, small-seeded Application to cool-season turfgrass TF, Z broadleaves, yellow may cause unacceptable injury or nutsedge thinning . S-metolachlor Pennant BA, BE, CE, Annual grassy This herbicide thins overseeded K3, 15 MAGNUM SA, Z weeds, some small- grasses . Do not apply 4 months (1 .3–2 .6 pt) seeded broadleaves, before or after overseeding . sedges oryzalin Surflan AS BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy This herbicide thins overseeded K1, 3 (1 .5–2 qt) CE, SA, TF, Z weeds, some small- grasses . Several other seeded broadleaves, formulations sedges oxadiazon Ronstar Flo 3 17L. BE, BU, CBG, Annual grassy Not for home lawns . For use only by E, 14 Surflan (5–7 .5 pt) KB, PR, SA, weeds, some small- professional applicators . Ronstar 50 WSP SS, Z seeded broadleaves, Sprayable formulations (Flo, WP) may (4–8 lb) sedges only be applied to dormant warm- Ronstar G season turf . (100–200 lb) Apply so that granules reach the soil surface . Do not apply to wet turf . continued on next page

34 Weeds Table 12 continued. Preemergence herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group pendimethalin Pendulum Most warm Annual grassy Maximum single application rates are K1, 3 AquaCap and cool- weeds, some small- lower for residential turfgrass . (3 1–6. .3 pt) season seeded broadleaves Make a second application 5–8 wk Pendulum 3 .3EC species later for extended annual bluegrass (3 .6–7 .2 pt) control . Pendulum 2G Delay overseeding for at least (75–150 lb) 3 months after application . Many others prodiamine Barricade 65WG BA, BE, CBG, Annual grassy Has demonstrated excellent annual K1, 3 (0 .5–2 .3 lb) CE, FF, KB, weeds, some small- bluegrass control in Texas A&M Barricade 4FL PR, SA, TF, Z seeded broadleaves research trials when applied before (10–48 fl oz) emergence or combined with Monument 75 WDG after emergence . ProClipse 65WDG (0 .5–2 .3 lb) Can be used in bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass Cavalcade 65 when applied 6–8 wk before and 4–8 WDG wk after overseeding . See label for (0 .5–2 .3 lb) more information . Several others, many fertilizer carriers prodiamine + Cavalcade PQ BE, BU, CBG, Annual grassy Quinclorac does not increase annual K1, 3 + L, 21 quinclorac 65WG FF, KB, PR, weeds, some small- bluegrass control compared to (monocot), O, (1 .0–2 .3 lb) SS, Z seeded broadleaves; prodiamine alone . 4 (dicot) postemergence control of many broadleaf and some grassy weeds including crabgrass

Table 13. Pre/postemergence herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group atrazine Aatrex 4L BE, CE, SA, Z Annual grassy Provides annual bluegrass control C1, 5 (1–4 qt) weeds, many shortly after emergence . Others broadleaf weeds Do not use on alkaline or muck soils . Do not apply 4 months before or 6 months after seeding or until newly seeded grasses have overwintered . Do not use west of high-rainfall areas of East Texas . ethofumesate Prograss BE, CBG, KB, Annual bluegrass, Ideal for annual bluegrass control in N, 8 (0 .5–1 .33 gal) PR, TF, SA crabgrass, foxtail, overseeded dormant or predormant Prograss SC some broadleaf bermudagrass . (0 75–3. qt) weeds, sedges Application to bermudagrass subjected to stress (such as traffic or shade) increases risk for injury . At least 2 applications are required for season-long control . See label for more information . continued on next page

Weeds 35 Table 13 continued. Pre/postemergence herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group flumioxazin SureGuard BE Several broadleaf Apply to dormant bermudagrass only . E, 14 (8–12 oz) and grassy See supplemental label for use in weeds; provides turfgrass . postemergence control of many When applying upslope of sensitive weeds cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . indaziflam Specticle FLO BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Apply before annual bluegrass tillering . L, 21 (6–10 fl oz) CE, SA, Z weeds, some small- When applied shortly after annual Specticle 20WSP seeded broadleaves, bluegrass emergence and before (2 .5–5 oz) sedges emerging tillering, this product has demonstrated from seed excellent efficacy in Texas A&M research trials . Refer to the label for use rates on sandy soils (> 80% sand) to prevent desirable turfgrass injury . When applying upslope of sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . pronamide Kerb SC BE, CE, SA, Z Annual grassy weeds Provides postemergence control at K1, 3 (1 .25–5 pt) all stages of annual bluegrass growth; Kerb 50WP control occurs 3–5 wk after application (2–4 lb) Should be activated by light rainfall or irrigation within 24 hours of application When applying upslope of sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . The label does not restrict applications to warm-season putting greens . simazine Princep Liquid, BE, CE, SA, Z Winter annual Provides annual bluegrass control soon C1, 5 (1–2 qt) grassy and broadleaf after emergence . weeds; some Apply at 1 qt/A shortly after annual summer annual bluegrass germination (around October grasses 1 in Texas) . Application at 2 qt/A will improve broadleaf weed control . See information on page 8 for application restrictions . When applied shortly after annual bluegrass emergence and before tillering, this product has demonstrated excellent efficacy against annual bluegrass and broadleaf weeds in Texas A&M research trials .

36 Weeds Table 14. Postemergence herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group amicarbazone Xonerate BA, BE, BU, Many broadleaf, Can be applied at up to 10 oz/A C1, 5 (1–10 oz) CBG, CE, FF, some grassy weeds 1 or more wk before overseeding KB, PR, SA, including annual bermudagrass with ryegrass SS, TF, Z bluegrass Can be applied in the spring to overseeded perennial ryegrass at 2-4 oz/A . Two sequential applications may be required for annual bluegrass control . Temporary ryegrass injury may occur . Can be applied at up to 10 oz/A to warm-season turfgrass before, during, or after emergence from dormancy . Application at rates < 5 oz/A may not provide complete annual bluegrass control . Repeat applications may be required . bispyribac-sodium Velocity SG CBG, PR Some broadleaf Primarily for use in cool-season B, 2 (2–6 oz) weeds, annual and turfgrass or overseeded bermudagrass roughstalk bluegrass See label for more information on rates and timings . Discolors and stunts perennial ryegrass for 14–21 days after application . flazasulfuron Katana BE, BU, CE, Overseeded cool- Can be used at reduced rates when B, 2 (0 .5–3 oz) SS, Z season grasses, applied in conjunction with 0 .25–0 75. sedges, some lb urea N/1,000 ft2 tank-mixed or as a broadleaf weeds granular within 1 day of application . Apply at 1 .0–1 .5 oz/A with urea nitrogen or 3 .0 oz/A without nitrogen . When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . foramsulfuron Revolver BE, BU, Z Overseeded cool- Registered for bermudagrass putting B, 2 (8 .8–35 .2 oz) season grasses, greens . goosegrass, some Apply at 8 .8–17 .4 fl oz/A for annual broadleaf weeds bluegrass control . Residual control of annual bluegrass that germinates after the application is very limited compared to other sulfonylurea herbicides . Can be applied up to 1 week before ryegrass overseeding When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . rimsulfuron TranXit BE, CE, Z Cool-season grasses Apply at 0 .5–2 .0 oz for annual bluegrass B, 2 (0 .5–2 oz) including ryegrass, control . Rimsulfuron 25DF annual bluegrass, Can be applied to non-overseeded (0 125–2. oz) some broadleaf bermudagrass putting greens weeds Can be applied up to 10 days before ryegrass overseeding Use caution when applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses . continued on next page

Weeds 37 Table 14 continued. Postemergence herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group sulfosulfuron Certainty BE, BA, BU, Broadleaf, grassy Best for use 7–10 days before ryegrass B, 2 (0 75–2. oz) CE, SA, SS, Z weeds, sedges overseeding at 2 .0 oz/A or for annual bluegrass control in St . Augustinegrass Control of annual bluegrass after tillering can be inconsistent . thiencarbazone- Tribute Total BE, Z Broadleaf, grassy Apply at 1 .0 oz/A for annual bluegrass B, 2 methyl + (1 .0–3 .2 oz) weeds, sedges control . foramsulfuron When applying upslope of sensitive + halosulfuron- cool-season grasses, follow label to methyl prevent off-target movement . trifloxysulfuron- Monument 75WG BE, Z Grassy weeds, Apply at 0 .35–0 .53 oz/A for annual B, 2 sodium (0 1–0. .53 oz) sedges, some bluegrass control . Apply at least 3 wk broadleaf weeds before ryegrass overseeding . Demonstrated excellent postemergence annual bluegrass control in Texas A&M research trials . When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement .

Table 15. Nonselective postemergence herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for WSSA Common name (Product/A) application Comments group diquat Reward Dormant BE, Z Provides rapid desiccation of green tissues . Adequate D, 22 (1–2 pt) spray volume is essential to obtain leaf coverage and best control . A contact herbicide that does not translocate and therefore not control perennial weeds glufosinate Finale Dormant BE If spray volume > 80 GPA, it may delay spring greenup . H, 10 (3–6 qt) Control is reduced when average temperatures are below 50°F . glyphosate RoundUp, Dormant BA, BE Spray volume should not exceed 40 GPA . G, 9 Touchdown, others Certain product labels permit application to non-dormant (see label) bermudagrass . However, applying to nondormant bermudagrass will likely delay greenup .

38 Weeds Dallisgrass than those made in the summer. Successful control usually requires a program of two herbicide applica- Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is a warm-season tions in the fall and at least one the following spring. perennial weed commonly found in Central, East, Begin the program in early fall when the average of and North Texas. Unlike most bunch-type grasses, the high and low daily air temperature falls below 70 dallisgrass produces short rhizomes that increase the to 75°F for at least 3 days (usually mid-September to diameter of the plant and store carbohydrates. These mid-October in Texas). Make another application 4 reserve carbohydrates make controlling dallisgrass weeks later. Follow the fall applications by at least one extremely difficult, even with systemic herbicide appli- application in the spring when the treated plants begin cations. to recover. Because dallisgrass is a perennial, preemergence Use Table 16 to select herbicide products for dallis- herbicides will not control existing plants. Preemer- grass control. With difficult-to-control weeds such as gence herbicides are also not typically recommended dallisgrass, adjuvant selection is especially important. because germination occurs throughout the summer. Most products in Table 16 require adjuvants such as Despite prolific seed production, most dallisgrass non-ionic surfactants (NIS) or methylated seed oils seeds are not viable. (MSO) to maximize efficacy. Refer to the product label Multiple applications of postemergence herbicides for more information. are required for dallisgrass control. Applications in the early fall and spring will provide more control

Table 16. Postemergence herbicides for dallisgrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade II TF, Z Bermudagrass, Zoysiagrass is more tolerant when A, 1 (2–6 fl oz) dallisgrass temperatures are warmer in the Ornamec 170, suppression summer than in spring or fall . Tall fescue Ornamec Over- is more tolerant in the fall than in the The-Top spring or summer . See label for more (see label) information on application rates . Zoysiagrass tolerance varies widely by variety . Z. matrella species are generally less tolerant than are Z. japonica species . Always test a small area before applying . Although tank-mixing with triclopyr is recommended to reduce turfgrass injury when controlling bermudagrass, it reduces dallisgrass control . Do not tank-mix with triclopyr if the target weed is dallisgrass . foramsulfuron Revolver BE, BU, Z Overseeded cool- Suppresses dallisgrass when applied as B, 2 (8 .8–35 .2 oz) season grasses, a spot treatment with 1 .5 fl oz–2 fl oz/ goosegrass, some gal broadleaf weeds Adjuvants such as MSO, UAN, or AMS may improve control . Applying MSMA 7 days before Revolver improves control . MSMA many BE, KB, Z Some grassy and Can cause transient turfgrass injury Z, 17 (see label) broadleaf weeds, See EPA legislation regarding use sedges restrictions on different sites . As of this writing MSMA is registered for use only on golf courses, sod farms with application restrictions . continued on next page

Weeds 39 Table 16 continued. Postemergence herbicides for dallisgrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group sulfosulfuron Certainty BE, BA, BU, Broadleaf, grassy, Improves control provided by MSMA B, 2 (0 75–2. oz) CE, SA, SS, Z sedges To suppress dallisgrass in bermudagrass turf, make sequential applications at 1 .25 oz/A in a tank mixture with MSMA (2 lb/A) . Alternatively, apply MSMA 2 wk before and again 2 wk after applying Certainty at 2 .0 oz/A . thiencarbazone- Tribute Total BE, Z Broadleaf, grassy, Provided control similar to that of B, 2 methyl + (1–3 .2 oz) sedges MSMA in Texas A&M AgriLife research foramsulfuron trials + halosulfuron- Controls dallisgrass when sequential methyl applications are made at 3 .2 oz/A according to the schedule described above . Applications made otherwise will only suppress it . The yearly maximum use rate is 6 .4 oz/A . Spot treatments also provide control . Depending on the application volume, the application rate may be higher, which increases the risk of turfgrass injury . thiencarbazone- Celsius WG BE, BU, CE, Broadleaf, grassy Use the 4 9. oz/A rate and tank-mix with B, 2 + O, 4 methyl + (2 .5–4 .9 oz) SA, Z weeds foramsulfuron (Revolver) herbicide for iodosulfuron + best control according to the schedule dicamba described above . The yearly maximum use rate is 7 .4 oz/A . Do not tank-mix with foramsulfuron in St . Augustinegrass or centipedegrass . trifloxysulfuron Monument 75WG BE, Z Grassy weeds, Suppresses dallisgrass at 0 .53 oz/A B, 2 (0 1–0. .53 oz) sedges, some broadleaf weeds

40 Weeds Bermudagrass still actively growing but the tall fescue is not under drought or temperature stress. While often cultivated as a desirable turfgrass, ber- Begin applications to control it in warm-season mudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is one of the most difficult turfgrass in mid to late spring and continue into the weeds to control when it is growing in other desirable summer while the desirable warm-season turfgrass turfgrasses. Successful control requires combining a and bermudagrass are both actively growing. herbicide program with proper cultural practices to encourage the growth of the desired turfgrass species. Herbicides in Table 17 are registered only for ber- mudagrass suppression. Although complete control is Begin applying herbicides to control bermudagrass extremely difficult, multiple applications at the right in cool-season turfgrasses such as tall fescue in late time of year often suppress bermudagrass adequately. summer to early fall, when the bermudagrass is

Table 17. Postemergence herbicides for bermudagrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Acclaim Extra CBG, FF, KB, Grassy weeds, Make sequential applications at A, 1 (3 .5–39 fl oz) PR, TF, Z including 20 fl oz/A beginning in early spring goosegrass, or late summer/early fall . Add triclopyr crabgrass ester (Turflon Ester) to improve bermudagrass suppression . Fenoxaprop tends to be less effective than fluazifop- P-butyl (Fusilade II or Ornamec) for bermudagrass suppression, but is less likely to injure tall fescue . Tolerance of various Zoysia species and cultivars to fenoxaprop is variable . The addition of triclopyr (Turflon Ester) reduces injury to Zoysia japonica cultivars such as ‘Palisades’, ‘Zenith’ and ‘Meyer’ but may increase injury to some Zoysia matrella cultivars such as ‘Diamond’ . Always test a small area for tolerance to fenoxaprop alone and in combination with triclopyr . May be applied to newly plugged zoysiagrass . This herbicide has no soil activity; the foliage must absorb it . Add NIS or other surfactant for best results . See label for information on surfactant use . fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Last Call FF, KB, PR, Grassy weeds, Sequential applications at 3 .5–4 pt/A A, 1 + + fluroxypyr ester + (3 .5–4 pt) TF, Z including suppress bermudagrass; make first O, 4 dicamba goosegrass, application in the fall . crabgrass; broadleaf Bermudagrass suppression provided by weeds this product will be similar to that from fenoxaprop alone . May be applied to newly plugged zoysiagrass See label for information on surfactant use . continued on next page

Weeds 41 Table 17 continued. Postemergence herbicides for bermudagrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade II TF, Z Dallisgrass, other This herbicide has only short-term soil A, 1 (3 .0–6 .0 fl oz) grassy weeds activity and must be absorbed by the foliage of susceptible weeds . Do not apply to tall fescue in the summer . Apply at 5–6 fl oz/A on tall fescue in early spring as bermudagrass is breaking dormancy and in the late summer or early fall as temperatures cool to limit injury to tall fescue . On zoysiagrass, apply at 3–4 fl oz in spring and fall and 4–5 fl oz/A in summer; zoysiagrass is more tolerant in summer . Reapply as bermudagrass regrowth occurs, about every 3–4 wk during summer and fall and 6 wk in spring and fall . Tolerance of various Zoysia species and cultivars to fluazifop-P-butyl is variable . Adding triclopyr (Turflon Ester) reduces injury to Zoysia japonica cultivars such as ‘Palisades’, ‘Zenith’, and ‘Meyer’ but may increase injury to some Zoysia matrella cultivars such as ‘Diamond’ . Always test a small area for tolerance to fluazifop-P-butyl alone and in combination with triclopyr . Can be used in residential areas, but not on home lawns . See Ornamec for home lawns . fluazifop-P-butyl Ornamec 170 TF, Z Dallisgrass This herbicide has only short term soil A, 1 (8–24 fl oz) suppression activity and must be absorbed by the Ornamec Over- foliage of susceptible weeds . The-Top On zoysiagrass, apply at 12–16 fl oz/A (see label) in late spring, 16–20 fl oz/A during mid- summer, and 8–12 oz in late summer or early fall . For more information on zoysiagrass tolerance, see information for Fusilade II above . On tall fescue, apply at 20–24 fl oz in early spring after bermudagrass emerges from dormancy, and again in late fall while bermudagrass is still actively growing . In Texas, spring applications are more likely to injure tall fescue than are fall applications . sethoxydim Segment CE, FF Grassy weeds, This herbicide has limited soil activity; A, 1 (1 .5–3 75. pt) including bahiagrass the leaves of susceptible weeds must absorb it . Delay mowing 7 days before and after application of this herbicide in centipedegrass to increase absorption and translocation by bermudagrass . continued on next page

42 Weeds Table 17 continued. Postemergence herbicides for bermudagrass control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group topramezone Pylex 2 .8SC CE, CBG, FF, Several grassy Tank-mix with triclopyr (Turflon Ester F2, 27 (1 .0–1 .5 fl oz) KB, TF, PR and broadleaf at 32 fl oz/A) to reduce bermudagrass weeds, including whitening and increase bermudagrass goosegrass, control in tall fescue and Kentucky nimblewill bluegrass . Begin applications in late summer/ early fall at 1–1 .5 fl oz/A . Interseeding desirable turfgrass improves bermudagrass control . Apply with COC or MSO at 0 .5 to 1 .0% v/v . triclopyr ester Turflon Ester, B, PR, TF Broadleaf weeds Can suppress bermudagrass at high O, 4 Turflon Ester Ultra rates, but suppression is greatly (1 .0–2 .0 pt) increased when applied in combination with other herbicides listed above . Refer to labels of other products listed above to determine the appropriate rate of triclopyr .

Nutsedge and kyllinga tubers—it emerges from seed and persists throughout the warmer months. Sedges (Cyperus spp.) and kyllingas (Kyllinga spp.) Sedges and kyllingas often indicate chronically are perennials that emerge in the spring from under- excessive soil moisture, which should always be ground rhizomes and/or tubers; they disappear at addressed as part of an overall treatment program. Yel- first frost in the fall/winter. Annual sedge, however, low nutsedge is generally easier to control than purple is a true annual and does not develop rhizomes or nutsedge; kyllinga species are often the most difficult.

Preemergence herbicides

Table 18. Preemergence herbicides for nutsedge control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group dimethenamid-P Tower 6EC BA, BE, BU, Annual grassy Does not provide purple nutsedge K3, 15 (21–32 fl oz) CE, FF, KB, weeds, several small- control PR, SA, SS, seeded broadleaves; Suppresses kyllinga TF, Z can help remove overseeded cool- Apply before emergence . If applying season grasses in after emergence, apply in a tank warm-season turf mixture with a postemergence herbicide . S-metolachlor Pennant BA, BE, CE, Annual grassy Provides yellow nutsedge and annual K3, 15 MAGNUM 7 .62EC SA, Z weeds, some small- sedge control only . Apply at 2 .6 pt/A for (1 .3–2 .6 pt) seeded broadleaves, yellow nutsedge control . sedges If applying after emergence, apply in a tank-mixture with a postemergence herbicide .

Weeds 43 Selective postemergence herbicides Make sequential applications after regrowth appears and enough shoot tissue is present to absorb To reduce tuber and rhizome production, apply the herbicide. This typically occurs 4 to 6 weeks after herbicides (Table 19) after full nutsedge or kyllinga the initial application. shoots emerge in the spring. This also helps reduce the number of sequential applications required for Many products registered for yellow nutsedge control. control are labeled only for suppression of purple nut- sedge and kyllingas.

Table 19. Postemergence herbicides for nutsedge control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group bentazon Basagran T&O B, BE, BA, BU, Some broadleaf Thorough spray coverage is important to C, 5 (24–32 fl oz) CA, CBG, CE, weeds maximize weed control . Apply at 24–32 fl F, R, SA, Z oz/A . This herbicide has limited systemic activity . Reapply once new growth appears, which may be as soon as 10 days after initial treatment . Sequential applications are likely required to control yellow nutsedge . Not registered for purple nutsedge control flazasulfuron Katana BE, BU, CE, Overseeded cool- Apply at 3 .0 oz/A for purple nutsedge B, 2 (0 .5–3 .0 oz) SS, Z season grasses, control and 1 .5–3 .0 oz/A for yellow some broadleaf nutsedge control . weeds Control may not be evident until 2 wk after application . Although this product has systemic properties, multiple applications on ~4-wk intervals are often required for long-term control, especially of purple nutsedge . When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . halosulfuron- Sedgehammer, BA, BE, CBG, none Include NIS at 0 .25–0 .5% v/v . Apply after B, 2 methyl Manage CE, FF, KB, nutsedge has reached the 3–8 leaf stage . (0 .66–1 .33 oz) PR, TF, SA, Results may not be evident until 2 wk SS, Z after application . While this herbicide has systemic properties, multiple applications are often required for long-term control, especially for purple nutsedge . Suppresses some kyllingas imazaquin Image 70DG BE, CE, SA, Broadleaf weeds, Include NIS at 0 .25% v/v . Results may not B, 2 (8 .6–11 .4 oz) SS, Z some grasses be evident until 2 wk after application . A second application may be required if regrowth occurs . When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement . This herbicide is both root and shoot absorbed . Irrigation or rainfall (0 .25–0 .5 in ). within 1–7 days after application can improve weed control . continued on next page

44 Weeds Table 19 continued. Postemergence herbicides for nutsedge control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group MSMA Many BE, KB, Z Some grassy and See EPA legislation regarding use Z, 17 (see label) broadleaf weeds, restrictions on different sites . As of sedges this writing MSMA is registered for use only on golf courses, sod farms with application restrictions . MSMA can improve the control provided by other herbicides such as halosulfuron-methyl, imazaquin, or sulfosulfuron in a tank mixture . MSMA + 2, 4-D Trimec Plus BE, KB, PR, Grassy and This product contains MSMA . O, 4 + Z, 17 + mecoprop + (8–13 .5 pt) TF, Z broadleaf weeds Registered for yellow nutsedge control dicamba only . Sequential applications may be needed . sulfentrazone Dismiss, Most Broadleaf weeds Control becomes evident within 48 hr E, 14 Spartan 4F warm- and after application . Good spray coverage (4 .0–12 fl oz) cool-season is important for optimal nutsedge grasses . See control with sulfentrazone . label Apply the highest rate listed on the label that will not injure desirable turfgrass . Sequential applications may be required for acceptable control, especially when purple nutsedge is present . See Dismiss South for purple nutsedge control . Sulfentrazone has limited soil residual activity, thus, it can also provide yellow nutsedge suppression when applied before emergence . sulfentrazone + Dismiss South BA, BE, BU, Broadleaf weeds Dismiss South is similar to Dismiss E, 14 + B, 2 imazethapyr (9 .5–14 .4 fl oz) CE, Z except that it controls purple nutsedge better . Imazethapyr has foliar and soil activity . Adequate soil moisture improves weed control . Other Blindside, See label See label See Table 20 for more information . E, 14 sulfentrazone- Echelon, Q4, Sulfentrazone is more effective against containing Solitare, Surge, yellow nutsedge than against purple products T-Zone nutsedge . sulfosulfuron Certainty BE, BA, BU, Some broadleaf, Current research indicates that B, 2 (0 75–2. .0 oz) CE, SA, SS, Z some winter annual sulfosulfuron can control purple grasses nutsedge better than can sulfentrazone or halosulfuron-methyl . However, a second application may be required, especially for purple nutsedge control . Use a non-ionic surfactant at 0 .25–0 .5% v/v . Results may not be evident until 2 wk after application . This product is no longer registered for use in cool-season turfgrasses . thiencarbazone- Tribute Total BE, Z Broadleaf and grassy Nutsedge control is similar to that B, 2 methyl + 60 .5WDG weeds provided by halosulfuron-methyl . foramsulfuron (1 .0–3 .2 oz) When applying upslope of sensitive + halosulfuron- cool-season grasses, follow label to methyl prevent off-target movement . continued on next page

Weeds 45 Table 19 continued. Postemergence herbicides for nutsedge control in turfgrasses Turfgrasses HRAC, Trade name labeled for Other weeds WSSA Common name (Product/A) application controlled Comments group trifloxysulfuron Monument 75WG BE, Z Grassy weeds, some Trifloxysulfuron-sodium is similar to B, 2 (0 1–0. .53 oz) broadleaf weeds flazasulfuron (Katana) except that it can be applied to bermudagrass and zoysiagrass only . Current research indicates that trifloxysulfuron-sodium can control purple nutsedge better than sulfentrazone or halosulfuron, and is similar to that provided by sulfosulfuron . Results may not be evident until 2 wk after application . Apply with NIS at 0 .5 % v/v . When applying upslope or near sensitive cool-season grasses, follow label to prevent off-target movement .

Khakiweed or mat chafflower mat chafflower have thick leaf cuticles, including an adjuvant such as NIS as recommended by the product Khakiweed (Alternanthera pungens) and mat chaf- label is needed to maximize herbicide efficacy. flower (Alternanthera caracasana) are especially prob- Herbicides containing mixtures of synthetic auxin lematic in Central and West Texas, where less rainfall herbicides, such as SpeedZone, have also demon- occurs. These warm-season plants often survive the strated some efficacy, but usually less than that of winter and emerge in the spring from an extensive metsulfuron-methyl. Multiple applications are often taproot. They are also prolific seed producers. required for control. Few products are labeled for khakiweed control. Researchers are testing the efficacy of preemer- However, research shows that herbicides containing gence herbicides applied in combination with metsul- metsulfuron-methyl (such as MSM turf, Manor, and furon for broadleaf weed control. Blindside) provide control. Because khakiweed and

46 Weeds Herbicides containing sulfentrazone

Many products contain sulfentrazone, which sedge control. Susceptible weeds usually begin showing provides postemergence control of many broadleaf injury within 48 hours after sulfentrazone application. weeds and yellow nutsedge. It also has limited residual activity in soil. Sulfentrazone does not control purple nutsedge acceptably. For more information on nutsedge control, For acceptable control of yellow nutsedge, apply see pages 43–46. sulfentrazone at rates at or above 0.25 lb/A. Rates below 0.25 lbs/A accelerate the appearance of injury to Table 20 lists sulfentrazone rates from the applica- broadleaf weeds but will not provide acceptable nut- tion of various sulfentrazone-containing products at labeled use rates.

Table 20. Comparisons of common products containing sulfentrazone Trade name Sulfentrazone lb/A Product rate Other active ingredients Avenue South 0 .02–0 .04 2 7–5. .0 pt/A penoxsulam, 2,4-D, dicamba Blindside 0 13–0. .38 3 .25–10 oz/A metsulfuron-methyl Dismiss 0 13–0. .38 4–12 fl oz/A — Dismiss South 0 .25–0 .37 9 .5–14 .4 fl oz/A imazethapyr Echelon 4 SC 0 .08–0 .37 8–36 fl oz/A prodiamine Q4 0 .04–0 .06 5–8 pt/A 2,4-D, dicamba, quinclorac, Solitare 0 19–0. .38 1–2 lb/A quinclorac Surge 0 .02–0 .03 2 75–4. pt/A 2,4-D, dicamba, mecoprop T-Zone 0 .02–0 .03 2–4 pt/A 2,4-D, dicamba, triclopyr

Weeds 47 Herbicides containing quinclorac

Quinclorac provides postemergence control of rates at or above 0.75 lb/A generally control crabgrass crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa acceptably at the 1-tiller and greater than 5-tiller crus-galli), and foxtail (Setaria spp.). It also provides growth stages. However, control can sometimes be excellent control of some broadleaf weeds such as inconsistent when applied at the 2- to 4-tiller growth white clover (Trifolium repens). Three sequential appli- stage. cations of quinclorac at or above 0.5 lb/A can suppress Many products that contain quinclorac require a torpedograss (Panicum repens); refer to the label for methylated seed oil (MSO) adjuvant for best perfor- more information. mance. When selecting an adjuvant, refer to the label Quinclorac is not safe for use on bahiagrass, centi- for more information. pedegrass, or St. Augustinegrass; it may injure bermu- Table 21 lists quinclorac rates from the application dagrass and seashore paspalum temporarily. of various quinclorac-containing products at labeled The application rate of quinclorac is vital to the use rates. efficacy of a product against crabgrass. Quinclorac

Table 21. Common products containing quinclorac Trade name Quinclorac lb/A Product rate Other active ingredients 2DQ 3 .86L 0 .04–0 12. 1–3 pt/A 2,4-D, dicamba Cavalcade PQ 0 .33–0 75. 1–2 .3 lb/A prodiamine Drive XLR8 0 .25–0 75. 22–64 fl oz/A — Momentum Q 0 .66–0 75. 7–8 pt/A 2,4-D, dicamba Onetime 0 .25–0 75. 22–64 fl oz/A mecoprop, dicamba Q4 0 .47–0 75. 5–8 pt/A 2,4-D, dicamba, sulfentrazone Quincept 0 .66–0 75. 7–8 pt/A 2,4-D, dicamba Quinclorac 75DF 0 75. 1 lb/A — Solitare 0 .56–1 .20 1–2 lb/A sulfentrazone SquareOne 0 .30–0 75. 4–12 fl oz/A carfentrazone

48 Weeds Turfgrass tolerance to postemergence herbicides

Table 22. Turfgrass tolerance to postemergence herbicides Warm-season Cool-season

Herbicide common name (trade name) Bermudagrass Buffalograss Centipedegrass paspalum Seashore Augustinegrass St. Zoysia bluegrass Kentucky ryegrass Perennial fescue Tall 2,4-D (Hardball, Weedar 64, others) T — NR — NR T T T T 2,4-D + clopyralid + dicamba (Millennium Ultra 21) T2 — NR — NR T T T T 2,4-D + dicamba + quinclorac (2DQ) T — T4 — T4 T T T T 2,4-D + fluroxypyr + dicamba (Escalade 2) T — NR — NR T T T T 2,4-D + MCPA + dicamba (EndRun) T T — — NR T T T T MCPA, mecoprop + dicamba (Tri-Power) T — I — I T T T T 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba (Trimec Classic) T T I — I T T T T 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba (Triplet SF, Triplet Low Odor) T — I — I T T T T 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba + pyraflufen (4-Speed) T — — — — T T T T 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba + pyraflufen (RedZone 2) T — — — — T T T T 2,4-D + triclopyr + dicamba + pyraflufen (4-speed XT) T — — NR — T T T T 2,4-D + triclopyr + fluroxypyr (Momentum FX2) T T — NR NR I T T T 2,4-D + mecoprop + dichlorprop (Spoiler) T — — — — T T T T 2,4-D + mecoprop + dichlorprop (Triamine) T — I — I T T T T 2,4-D + quinclorac + dicamba (Quincept) I — NR NR NR I T T T amicarbazone (Xonerate) T T T T T T T T T asulam (Asulox1,2) I2 NR NR NR I NR NR NR NR atrazine3 (Aatrex, Image) T4 — T — T T NR NR NR bentazon (Basagran) T T T — T T T T T bispyribac-sodium (Velocity) T5 NR NR NR NR NR NR I NR bromoxynil (Buctril1) T — — — T T T T T carfentrazone (Quicksilver) T T T T T T T T T carfentrazone + 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba (SpeedZone Southern) T T I I I T T T T carfentrazone + 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba (SpeedZone) T T — — NR T T T T carfentrazone + MCPA + mecoprop + dicamba (PowerZone) T — — — — T T T T carfentrazone + quinclorac (SquareOne) I T I I NR T T T T chlorsulfuron (Corsair) T T I T T T T NR NR clopyralid (Clean Slate1, Lontrel1) T T T — T T T T T dicamba (Banvel, Vanquish, Vision, others) T I — — I T T T T diclofop (Illoxan) I NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR ethofumesate (Prograss) I — — T T — T T T fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (Acclaim Extra) NR — — — — T T T T fenoxaprop-P-ethyl + fluroxypyr + dicamba (Last Call) NR NR NR NR NR T T T T flazasulfuron (Katana) T T T T NR T NR NR NR florasulam (Defendor) T — T T T T T T T continued on next page

Weeds 49 Table 22 continued. Turfgrass tolerance to postemergence herbicides Warm-season Cool-season

Herbicide common name (trade name) Bermudagrass Buffalograss Centipedegrass paspalum Seashore Augustinegrass St. Zoysia bluegrass Kentucky ryegrass Perennial fescue Tall fluazifop-P-butyl (Fusilade II1, Ornamec) NR NR NR NR NR I NR NR I fluroxypyr (Vista XRT) I NR — NR I T T T T foramsulfuron (Revolver) T T — — — T — — — halosulfuron-methyl (Sedgehammer) T — T T T T T T T imazapic (Plateau1) I T — — — NR NR NR I imazaquin (Image) I NR T T T T NR NR NR MCPA + fluroxypyr + dicamba (Change Up) T T I — I T T T T MCPA + fluroxypyr + triclopyr (Battleship III) T T I NR NR T T T T MCPA + triclopyr + dicamba (Cool Power) I — I — I T T T T MCPA + triclopyr + dicamba (Horsepower) I — I — I T T T T mecoprop + 2,4-D + dicamba (Trimec Bentgrass) T — I — I — T T T mecoprop + 2,4-D + dicamba (Trimec Southern) T T I — I T T T T mesotrione (Tenacity) NR T T NR I NR T T T metribuzin (Sencor) T NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR metsulfuron-methyl (Blade, Manor, MSM Turf) T T I — T T T NR NR MSMA1,2 (many) T — NR — NR T T — I penoxsulam (LockUp, Sapphire) T — T — — T T T T pronamide (Kerb1) T — T — T T NR NR NR pyraflufen-ethyl (Octane) T — T — T T T T T quinclorac (Drive XLR8, Quinclorac 75 DF) T2 T NR I NR T T T T quinclorac + mecoprop + dicamba (Onetime) T2 T NR I NR T T T T quinclorac + sulfentrazone + 2,4-D + dicamba (Q4) I — — — — I T T T rimsulfuron (TranXit, Rimsulfuron 25 DF1) T — I — — T NR NR NR rimsulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl (NEGATE1) T — — — — T NR NR NR sethoxydim (Segment) NR NR T NR NR NR NR NR NR simazine (Princep Liquid) T — T — T T NR NR NR sulfentrazone (Dismiss) T T T T T T T T T sulfentrazone + 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba (Surge) T T I — NR T T T T sulfentrazone + imazethapyr (Dismiss South) T T T NR NR T NR NR NR sulfentrazone + metsulfuron-methyl (Blindside) T T I NR T T I NR I sulfentrazone + quinclorac (Solitare) I T I I NR T T T T sulfosulfuron (Certainty) T T T T T-I T NR NR NR thiencarbazone-methyl + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron-methyl (Tribute Total) T NR NR NR NR T NR NR NR thiencarbazone-methyl + iodosulfuron + dicamba (Celsius WG) T T T — T T NR NR NR topramezone (Pylex) — NR T — NR NR T T T triclopyr (Turflon Ester Ultra, others) I — I — I I T T T triclopyr + clopyralid (Confront) I I I — I I T T T triclopyr + sulfentrazone + 2,4-D + dicamba (T-zone) I — — — NR T T T T trifloxysulfuron (Monument 75WG) T NR NR NR NR T NR NR NR Tolerance key T = Tolerant: Herbicide not expected to cause injury when applied at recommended rate according to the product label I = Intermediate: Herbicide may cause injury . Consider spot treating or testing a small area before applying broadcast . NR = Not registered: This product is not registered on this species and/or may cause significant injury 1: Not for residential turfgrass 2: May injure hybrid bermudagrass 3: Restricted use herbicide . See label for more information about application restrictions . 4: For use on dormant turfgrass; otherwise injury may occur 5: Registered for use only in bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass

50 Weeds Plant growth regulators

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) listed in Table 23 currently being developed for use on ultradwarf ber- are commonly used to reduce vertical shoot growth mudagrass putting greens as well. Visit the University and clipping production in fine turf areas. Other of Nebraska Turfgrass website (turf.unl.edu) for more benefits such as greater turfgrass density, darker color, information on growing degree-day based models. and reduced seedhead production are commonly With the exception of and mefluidide, observed, but only when PGRs are applied repeatedly all of the PGRs listed in the table below reduce growth during the growing season. PGRs do not typically by inhibiting the plant’s ability to produce gibberellin, increase turfgrass lateral spread, and research demon- a plant hormone that promotes elongation of plant strates that they can reduce athletic field traffic toler- cells. Products such as mefluidide, which inhibit cell ance when applied during periods of wear. division, are often referred to as Type I PGRs, while PGRs typically reduce clipping production for a products that inhibit gibberellin biosynthesis are often period of 7 to 28 days after the application, and the referred to as Type II PGRs. When gibberellin produc- duration of growth regulation varies among products. tion is inhibited, plants cells are shorter, which results For a particular product, how long regulation lasts in shorter leaves, stems, internodes and reduced depends mostly on air temperature and height of cut. vertical growth. PGRs that interfere with the gibberel- PGR effects subside more quickly on putting greens lin biosynthesis early in the pathway are referred to as than on fairway- or rough-height turfgrass. Further- Class B PGRs (flurprimidol and paclobutrazol). These more, warmer air temperatures and more active turf- PGRs are also absorbed through plant roots more so grass growth reduce the duration of growth regulation than leaves. PGRs that interfere with gibberellin bio- and make more frequent applications necessary. If synthesis later in the pathway are referred to as Class PGRs are not reapplied at the appropriate interval, A PGRs (trinexapac-ethyl and prohexadione-calcium). regulation will wear off and clipping production can These PGRs are absorbed through plant leaves and actually be greater, for a period of 1 to 2 weeks, than stems only. In general, Class A PGRs are less likely to it was before the PGR was applied. This is commonly cause turfgrass injury, but reduce growth for a shorter referred to as the “rebound” effect. Benefits of PGR period of time than Class B PGRs. applications are best realized when the product is Plant growth regulator use rates can often vary reapplied at the appropriate interval throughout most widely by turfgrass species, use, mowing height, etc., of the growing season. Growing degree-day models so be sure to consult the label for specific use rates and have been developed to schedule PGR reapplication timings. on creeping bentgrass putting greens, and they are

Weeds 51 Table 23. Plant growth regulators labeled for use in Turfgrasses Mode of action/ Trade name Turfgrasses labeled absorption site/type Common name (Product/A) for application and class Comments ethephon Proxy, Ethephon 2SL BE, CBG, FF, KBG, PR, TF Reduces cell elongation/ Labeled for commercial uses only, (5 fl oz/1,000 sq ft) Foliar uptake including golf courses, parks, and sports turf . Not labeled for residential use . Commonly used in combination with trinexapac- ethyl for annual bluegrass seedhead suppression on golf course putting greens . flurprimidol Cutless 50W BE, CBG, KBG, PR, SS, Z Reduces cell elongation Not labeled for use on (4 to 16 oz; 2 to 8 by suppressing gibberellic bermudagrass putting greens or oz on CBG putting acid/ Root uptake sod production . greens) Type II: Class B Cutless MEC (12 .3 to 49 .2 fl oz; 6 1. to 24 .6 fl oz on CBG putting greens) flurprimidol + Legacy BE, CBG, KBG, PR, SS, Z Reduces cell elongation Not labeled for use on trinexapac-ethyl (5 to 30 fl oz; 5 to 10 by suppressing gibberellic bermudagrass putting greens or fl oz on CBG putting acid / Foliar, root, and stem sod production . greens) uptake

Type II; Class B & Class A flurprimidol + Musketeer BE, CBG, KBG, PR Reduces cell elongation Not labeled for use on paclobutrazol + (18 to 40 fl oz; 12 by suppressing gibberellic bermudagrass putting greens, trinexapac-ethyl to 22 fl oz on CBG acid/ Foliar, root, and stem residential lawns or sod putting greens) uptake production .

Type II: Class B, Class B, & Class A Mefluidide Embark BE, CE, FF, KBG, PR, TF, Inhibits mitosis during Not labeled for use in sod (2 to 20 pts) SA, Z growth and development/ production . Production was Foliar uptake discontinued in 2015 .

Type I paclobutrazol Trimmit 2SC, Pac- BE, CBG, KBG, PR, SA Reduces cell elongation Not labeled for use on residential Low, others by suppressing gibberellic turf . Do not use on bermudagrass (6 .4 to 48 oz; 6 .4 to acid/ Root uptake putting greens except for winter 16 oz on CBG putting overseeding enhancement . greens) Type II; Class B prohexadione Anuew BE, CBG, FF, KBG, PR, SA, Reduces cell elongation Consult label for tolerance of calcium (4 to 24 oz; 2 to 8 SS, TF, Z by suppressing gibberellic specific turfgrass varieties . Test a oz on CBG putting acid/ Foliar uptake small area first if using a variety greens and 8 to 16 not listed on the product label . oz on BE putting Type II; Class A greens) trinexapac-ethyl Primo Maxx, T-NEX, Most warm and cool- Reduces cell elongation T-NEX 1 AQ, others season turfgrasses by suppressing gibberellic (rate varies by acid/ Foliar uptake species and use site) Type II;Class A

52 Weeds Insect pests of turfgrasses

Insects benefit landscapes and golf courses by Insects that undergo complete metamorphosis pollinating flowering plants, decomposing organic have four stages: the egg, the larva (immature stage), residues, and aerating the soil by tunneling. However, the pupa (resting stage), and the adult. Examples are some insects cause problems in turfgrasses by chew- armyworms, billbugs, cutworms, fire ants, sod web- ing or sucking on plant tissue, uprooting turf, and worms, and white grubs. creating mounds that can affect mowing (Table 24). To manage insect pests in turfgrasses, it is important Because damage symptoms and insecticide treat- to understand their function, life cycle, and habits. ment options often vary by life stage (such as larvae vs. adult and nymph vs. adult), it is important to Insect bodies have three distinct divisions: head, understand which life stage is present before apply- thorax, and abdomen. They develop through a process ing an insecticide. Always follow the insecticide label called metamorphosis, of which there are two types: instructions on application timing, rate, length of gradual and complete. residual control, etc. Insects that undergo gradual metamorphosis have For more information on identifying and treating three stages: egg, nymph (immature stage), and adult. specific insect pests, see aggieturf.tamu.edu/turf- Examples are chinch bugs, ground pearls, mealybugs, grass-insects/. mites, and mole crickets.

Table 24. Insect pests in turfgrass production and management1 Insect Latin name Occurrence Frequent, major pests Ag termites Nasutitermes sp . Occasional — Bermudagrass mites Eriophyes cynodoniensis Common — Bermudagrass scales Odonaspis ruthae Occasional — Black turfgrass ataenius Ataenius spretulus Occasional — Cicada killers Sphecius speciosus Occasional — Black cutworms Agrostis ipsilon2 Common — Fall armyworms Spodoptera frugiperda Common Yes Ground pearls Margarodes spp . Occasional — Hunting billbugs Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Common — Leaf cutter ants Atta texana Occasional — Red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta Common Yes Rhodesgrass mealybugs Antonina graminis Occasional — Southern chinch bugs Blissus insularis Common Yes Southern mole crickets Scapteriscus borellii Common Yes Sugarcane beetles Eutheoloa humilis Occasional — Tawny mole crickets Scapteriscus vicinus Common Yes Tropical sod webworms Herpetogramma phaeopteralis2 Common — White grubs Phyllophaga spp .2 Common Yes 1: The Southern IPM Pest Management Working Group has identified these insects as commonly occurring pests in Texas and classified 6 of them as frequent, major pests . 2: Other species also present

Insects 53 Insecticide Mode of Action (MOA) classification

Table 25. Mode of action classification of insecticides registered for use in turfgrass (Source: IRAC) IRAC Code Mode of action (MOA)1 Subgroup Common name 1 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors 1A: Carbamates carbaryl methomyl 1B: Organophosphates acephate chlorpyrifos trichlorfon 2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists 2A: Cyclodiene organochlorines — 2B: Phenylpyrazoles fipronil 3 Sodium channel modulators 3A: Pyrethroids, pyrethrins bifenthrin cyfluthrin deltamethrin lambda-cyhalothrin permethrin zeta-cypermethrin 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) 4A: Neonicotinoids clothianidin agonists dinotefuran imidacloprid thiamethoxam

4B: Nicotine — 4C: Sulfoxaflor — 5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) 5: Spinosyns spinosad allosteric modulators 6 Chloride channel modulators 6: Avermectins, milbemycins abamectin 7 Juvenile hormone mimics 7A: Juvenile hormone analogues (S)-methoprene 7B: Fenoxycarb fenoxycarb 7C: Pyriproxyfen pyriproxyfen 8 Miscellaneous non-specific (multisite) 8A: Alkyl halides — inhibitors 8B: Chloropicrin — 8C: Sulfuryl fluoride — 8D: Borax — 8E: Tartar emetic — 9 Selective homopteran feeding blockers 9B: Pymetrozine — 10 Mite growth inhibitors 10A: Clofentezine, hexythiazox — 10B: Etoxazole — 11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut 11A: Bacillus thuringiensis — 11B: Bacillus sphaericus — 12 Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors 12A: Diafenthiuron — 12B: Organotin miticides — 12C: Propargite — 12D: Tetradifon — 13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via 13: Pyrroles, dinitrophenols, sulfluramid — disruption of proton gradient 14 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) 14: Nereistoxin analogues — channel blockers 15 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, type 0 15: Benzoylureas — 16 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, type 1 16: Buprofezin — 17 Moulting disruptor, Dipteran 17: Cyromazine — continued on next page

54 Insects Table 25 continued. Mode of action classification of insecticides registered for use in turfgrass (Source: IRAC) IRAC Code Mode of action (MOA)1 Subgroup Common name 18 Ecdysone receptor agonists 18: Diacyl-hydrazines halofenozide 19 Octopamine receptor agonists 19: Amitraz — 20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport 20A: Hydramethylon hydramethylnon inhibitors 20B: Acequinocyl — 20C: Fluacrypyrim — 21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport 21A: METI acaricides and insecticides — inhibitors 21B: Rotenone — 22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers 22A: Oxadiazines indoxacarb 22B: Semicarbazones metaflumizone 23 Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase 23: Tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives — 24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport 24A: Phosphides — inhibitors 24B: Cyanide — 25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport 25: beta-ketonitrile derivatives — inhibitors 28 Ryanodine receptor modulators 28: Diamides chlorantraniliprole cyantraniliprole UN Compounds of unknown or uncertain modes Dicofol dicofol of action 1: Do not treat successive generations of a pest with compounds from the same MOA group . For more information on insecticide chemistry and modes of action, see www .IRAC-online .org .

Insects 55 Insecticides registered for use in turfgrasses

Ants

Table 26. Insecticides registered to control ants in turfgrasses (see label for specific species) Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments abamectin Award II 1 .0 lb — 6 NR1 for sod farms; IMT2 acephate Acephate 90 Prill See label See label 1B IMT2: See label Acephate 90-SP See label See label IMT2: See label Acephate 97 See label See label IMT2: See label Acephate 97 UP See label See label IMT2: See label Bracket 97 See label See label IMT2: See label Orthene-T, See label See label IMT2: See label T&O Spray 97 bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 16–0. .32 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 8 7–17. .42 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 40 fl oz 1 .0 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Pro-Mate — 0 .5–1 .0 fl oz — Bifenthrin Sniper 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 .5–1 .0 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz; 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz; Restricted use; golf courses, sod large Infestations: large infestations: farms only 40 fl oz 1 fl oz Up-Star GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 .5–1 .0 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz 10–20 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin XTRA GC carbaryl Carbaryl 4L 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz — chlopyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0 pt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only continued on next page

56 Insects Table 26 continued. Insecticides registered to control ants in turfgrasses (see label for specific species) Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments chlopyrifos cont. Whirlwind 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Tempo SC Ultra 6–12 fl oz 0 135–0. .270 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 7 7–15. .4 oz 5–10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2–3 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2–3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2–3 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 17 .5–25 .6 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz 4A — fenoxycarb Award 1–1 .5 lb — 7B — fipronil Topchoice 87 lb 2 lb 2B Nuisance ants hydramethylnon Amdro Pro 1 .0–1 .5 lb; 2 .0–3 .0 oz; 20A IMT2: See label bigheaded ants: bigheaded ants: 1 .0–2 .0 lb 2 .0–4 .0 oz imidacloprid + Allectus G 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms indoxacarb Advion Insect 50–200 lb 1 15–4. .6 lb 22A NR1 for sod farms Granule lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 88–131 lb 2–3 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Nufarm Lambda- See label See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 5–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 5–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL Restricted-use pesticide permethrin Permethrin 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Perm-Up 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 88–131 lb 2–3 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Nufarm Lambda- See label See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 5–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 5–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL Restricted-use pesticide permethrin Permethrin 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Perm-Up 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide (S)-methoprene Extinguish Plus 1–2 lb — 7A IMT2; see label spinosad Seduce See label See label 5 IMT2; see label thiamethoxam Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/5,000 sq ft 4A — Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3–4 oz/10,000 sq ft — continued on next page

Insects 57 Table 26 continued. Insecticides registered to control ants in turfgrasses (see label for specific species) Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments zeta-cypermethrin Mustang 3 .0–4 .3 fl oz — 3A Restricted use; sod farms only Mustang Max/ 2 .2–4 .0 fl oz — Restricted use; sod farms only Maxx zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered 2: IMT = Individual mound treatment

Armyworms

Table 27. Insecticides registered to control armyworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments acephate Acephate 90 Prill 1 1–2. 7. lb 0 .4–1 .0 oz 1B Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 90 WDG 1 1–2. 7. lb 0 .4–1 .0 oz Golf courses only Acephate 97 1 .0–2 .5 lb 0 .4–0 9. oz Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 97UP 1 .0–2 .5 lb 0 .4–0 9. oz Golf courses, sod farms only Bracket 90 WDG 1 .1–2 71. lb 0 .4–1 .0 oz Golf courses only Bracket 97 1 .0–2 .5 lb 0 .4–0 9. oz Golf courses, sod farms only Orthene-T, T&O 1 .0–2 .5 lb 0 .4–0 9. oz Golf courses, sod farms only Spray 97 Orthene-T, T&O 1 .33–3 .33 lb See label Golf courses, sod farms only WSP bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 2 .8–4 .35 fl oz 0 .066–0 1. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Pro-Mate — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz — Bifenthrin Sniper 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10 fl oz 0 .25 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25 fl oz 10 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 50 lb 1 15. lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom Flowable 10–20 oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom GC Granular 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom Lawn 50 lb 1 15. lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable continued on next page

58 Insects Table 27 continued. Insecticides registered to control armyworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin carbaryl Carbaryl 4L 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz — chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 2 .0–4 .0 fl oz 0 .046–0 .092 fl oz 28 — Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb — chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0 pt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyantraniliprole Ference 2–16 fl oz 0 .046–0 .367 fl oz 28 — cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Tempo SC Ultra 6 .0–12 fl oz 0 135–0. .270 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 7 7–15. .4 oz 5–10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2–3 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2–3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 8 75–17. .5 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2–3 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 8 75–17. .5 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz 4A — imidacloprid + Allectus G 50–125 lb 1 .2–2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC SC 1 .8–4 .5 pt 0 .67–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC 50–125 lb 1 .1–2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 1 .1–4 .5 pt 0 .4–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms continued on next page

Insects 59 Table 27 continued. Insecticides registered to control armyworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments indoxacarb Provaunt 2 .0–4 .0 oz 0 .046–0 .092 oz 22A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 88–131 lb 2–3 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Nufarm Lambda- See label See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL Restricted-use pesticide permethrin Permethrin 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Perm-Up 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide spinosad Blackhawk 1 .1–2 .2 oz — 5 Sod farms only Conserve SC 10 fl oz 0 .25 fl oz — Tracer 1 .0–2 .0 fl oz — Sod farms only thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 3A and 4A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 200–300 4 .6–6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 87 lb 2 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Mustang 3 .0–4 .3 fl oz — 3A Restricted use; sod farms only Mustang Max/ 2 .8–4 .0 oz — Restricted use; sod farms only Maxx zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 10–15 fl oz 0 .23–0 .34 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

60 Insects Billbugs

Table 28. Insecticides registered to control billbugs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .08–0 16. fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 4 .35–8 7. fl oz 0 1–0. .2 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Pro-mate — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz — Bifenthrin Sniper 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 3 7–7. .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 50–100 lb 1 .5–2 .3 lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz 10–20 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom Flowable 10–20 oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom GC Granular 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom Lawn 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC Flowable — 0 .25–5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 8 .0–20 fl oz 0 184–0. .46 fl oz 28 — Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb — chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0–4 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 0 75–3. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0–4 .0 pt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0–2 .0 qt 0 75–1. .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms continued on next page

Insects 61 Table 28 continued. Insecticides registered to control billbugs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments clothianidin + Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz 4A and 3A Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, bifenthrin cont. sod farms cyantraniliprole Ference 8–16 fl oz 0 184–0. .367 fl oz 28 — deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 5SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz 4A — Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 oz — imidacloprid Amtide 19 .2–25 .6 fl oz 0 .45–0 .6 fl oz 4A — (larvae only) Imidacloprid 2F T&O Criterion 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Criterion 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Criterion 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250– — 11,000 sq ft Malice 0 .5G 50–80 lb 1 .2–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Malice 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms Malice 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250– — 11,000 sq ft Mallet 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Mallet 2F T&O 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Mallet 75WSP 4–5 .375 packets 1 .6 oz/8,250– NR1 for sod farms (6 .4–8 .6 oz) 11,000 sq ft Merit 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Merit 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Merit 75WP 6 .4–8 .6 oz 3–4 level — teaspoons Merit 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250– NR1 for sod farms 11,000 sq ft Pro-Mate Merit 0 .2% 150–200 lb 3 .5–4 .5 lb — Prokoz Zenith 0 .5 G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Prokoz Zenith 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Prokoz Zenith — 1 .6 oz/8,250– — 75WSP 11,000 sq ft imidacloprid + Allectus G 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC SC 2 .3–4 .5 pt 0 9–1. .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 1 .1–4 .5 pt 0 .4–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 131–176 lb 3 .0–4 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms thiamethoxam Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3–4oz/ 10,000 sq ft 4A — Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/ 5,000 sq ft — trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 300 fl oz 6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 130 lb 3 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

62 Insects Black turfgrass ataenius

Table 29. Insecticides registered to control black turfgrass ataenius in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments acephate Acephate 90 Prill 2 7–4. .3 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz 1B Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 90 WDG 2 7–4. .4 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Insecticide Acephate 97 2 .5–4 .1 lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 97UP 2 .5–4 12. lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Bracket 90 WDG 2 71–4. .44 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Bracket 97 2 .5–4 12. lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Orthene-T, 2 .5–4 lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O Spray 97 Orthene-T, 3 .3–4 lb 1 .3–1 .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O WSP bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold 0 .08–0 16. fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 4 .35–8 7. fl oz 0 1–0. .2 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Sniper 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 3 7–7. .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 50–100 lb 1 .5–2 .3 lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz 10–20 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Granular Wisdom Lawn 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 .25–5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 8 .0–16 fl oz 0 184–0. .367 fl oz 28 — Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb — chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 2–4 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 2–4 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 2–4 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Govern 4E 2–4 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 2–4 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only continued on next page

Insects 63 Table 29 continued. Insecticides registered to control black turfgrass ataenius in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments chlorpyrifos cont. Vulcan 1 .0 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz 1B Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 4 .0 pt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 2–4 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyantraniliprole Ference 8–16 fl oz 0 184–0. .367 fl oz 28 — cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Tempo SC Ultra 12 fl oz 0 .27 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 15 .4 oz 10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz 4A — Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 .0 oz — imidacloprid Amtide 19 .2–25 .6 fl oz 0 .45–0 .6 fl oz 4A — (larvae only) Imidacloprid 2F T&O Criterion 0 .5 G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; Larvae only Criterion 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Criterion 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250–1,000 — sq ft Malice 0 .5G 50–80 lb 1 .2–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Malice 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms Malice 75 WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250–1,000 — sq ft Mallet 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Mallet 2 F T&O 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz Mallet 75 WSP 4–5 .375 packets 1 .6 oz/8,250– NR1 for sod farms (6 .4–8 .6 oz) 11,000 sq ft Merit 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Merit 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Merit 75WP 6 .4–8 .6 oz 3–4 level — teaspoons Merit 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250– — 11,000 sq ft continued on next page

64 Insects Table 29 continued. Insecticides registered to control black turfgrass ataenius in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments imidacloprid Pro-mate Merit 150–200 lb 3 .5–4 .5 lb 4A — (larvae only) cont. 0 .2% Prokoz Zenith 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms 0 .5 G Prokoz Zenith 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Prokoz Zenith 75 — 1 .6 oz/8,250– — WSP 11,000 sq ft imidacloprid + Allectus G 100–125 lb 2 .3–2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 100–125 lb 2 .3–2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Nufarm Lambda- See label See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 10 fl oz 7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 10 fl oz 7 mL Restricted-use pesticide thiamethoxam Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3 .0–4 .0 oz/ 10,000 4A — sq ft Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/ 5,000 sq ft — thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 3A and 4A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin spinosad Conserve SC 52 fl oz 1 .2fl oz 5 — trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 300 fl oz 6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 130 lb 3 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

Insects 65 Chinch bugs

Table 30. Insecticides registered to control chinch bugs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments acephate Acephate 90 Prill 2 7–4. .3 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz 1B Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 90 WDG 2 7–4. .4 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Insecticide Acephate 97 2 .5–4 .1 lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 97UP 2 .5–4 12. lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Bracket 90 WDG 2 71–4. .44 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Bracket 97 2 .5–4 12. lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Orthene-T, 2 .5–4 lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O Spray 97 Orthene-T, 3 .3–4 lb 1 .3–1 .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O WSP bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 16–0. .32 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 8 7–17. .42 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Pro-Mate — 0 .5–1 .0 fl oz — Bifenthrin Sniper 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 .5–1 .0 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 .25–1 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz 10–20 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom Flowable 10–20 oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide Granular Wisdom Lawn 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 .25–5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin carbaryl Carbaryl 4L 6 .0–8 .0 qt 4 .4–6 .0 fl oz 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL 6 .0–8 .0 qt 4 .4–6 .0 fl oz — chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 8 .0–20 fl oz 0 184–0. .46 fl oz 28 Suppression only Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Suppression only chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only continued on next page

66 Insects Table 30 continued. Insecticides registered to control chinch bugs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments chlorpyrifos cont. Hatchet 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt . 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0 pt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Tempo SC Ultra 12 fl oz 0 .27 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 15 .4 oz 10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 .0 oz 4A — Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz — imidacloprid Amtide 25 .6 fl oz 0 .6 fl oz 4A Suppression only Imidacloprid 2F T&O Criterion 0 .5 G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Criterion 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz Suppression only Criterion 75WSP — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ Suppression only 8,250 sq ft Malice 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Malice 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .60 fl oz NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Malice 75 WSP — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ Suppression only 8,250 sq ft Mallet 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Mallet 2 F T&O 1 .6 pt 0 .60 fl oz Suppression only Mallet 75 WSP 5 .375 packets 1 packet (1 .6oz)/ NR1 for sod farms; suppression only (8 .6 oz) 8,250 sq ft Merit 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only continued on next page

Insects 67 Table 30 continued. Insecticides registered to control chinch bugs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments imidacloprid cont. Merit 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz 4A Suppression only Merit 75WP 8 .6 oz 4 level teaspoons Suppression only Merit 75WSP — 1 .6oz (1 packet)/ Suppression only 8,250 sq ft Pro-mate Merit 200 lb 4 .5 lb Suppression only 0 .2% Prokoz Zenith 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only 0 .5 G Prokoz Zenith 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz Suppression only Prokoz Zenith 75 — 1 .6oz (1 packet)/ Suppression only WSP 8,250 sq ft imidacloprid + Allectus G 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC SC 2 .3–4 .5 pt 0 9–1. .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 1 .1–4 .5 pt 0 .4–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Nufarm Lambda- See label See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Demand G 131–176 lb 3–4 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar CS 10 fl oz 7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms permethrin Permethrin 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Perm-Up 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide thiamethoxam Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/5,000 sq ft 4A — Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3–4oz/10,000 sq ft — thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 4A and 3A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 300 fl oz 6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 130 lb 3 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Mustang 3 .0–4 .3 fl oz — 3A Restricted use; sod farms only Mustang Max/ 2 .8–4 .0 fl oz — Restricted use; sod farms only Maxx zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

68 Insects Cutworms

Table 31. Insecticides registered to control cutworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments acephate Acephate 90 Prill 2 7–4. .3 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz 1B Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 90 WDG 2 71–4. .44 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Insecticide Acephate 97 2 .5–4 12. lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 97UP 2 .5–4 12. lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Bracket 90 WDG 2 71–4. .44 lb 1 .0–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Bracket 97 2 .5–4 12. lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Orthene-T, 1 .0–2 .5 lb 0 .4–0 9. oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O Spray 97 Orthene-T, 1 .33–3 .33 lb 0 .5–1 .2 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O WSP bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 2 .8–4 .35 fl oz 0 .066–0 1. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 10 fl oz 0 .25 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide 7 9%. Flowable Pro-Mate — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz — Bifenthrin Sniper 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10 fl oz 0 .25 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25 fl oz 10 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 50 lb 1 15. lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom Flowable 10–20 oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted-use pesticide Granular Wisdom Lawn 50 lb 1 15. lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin carbaryl Carbaryl 4L 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 fl oz — chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 2 .0–4 .0 fl oz 0 .046–0 .092 fl oz 28 — Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb — chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only continued on next page

Insects 69 Table 31 continued. Insecticides registered to control cutworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments chlorpyrifos cont. Lorsban Advanced 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0 pt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Tempo SC Ultra 6 .0–12 fl oz 0 135–0. .270 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 7 7–15. .4 oz 5–10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 7 7–15. .4 oz 5–10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyantraniliprole Ference 2–16 fl oz 0 .046–0 .367 fl oz 28 — deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 8 75–17. .5 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 8 75–17. .5 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 .0 oz 4A — Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz — Imidacloprid Amtide 19 .2–25 .6 fl oz 0 .45–0 .6 fl oz 4A Suppression only (larvae only) Imidacloprid 2F T&O Criterion 0 .5 G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Criterion 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/ Suppression only 8,250–11,000 sq ft Malice 0 .5G 50–80 lb 1 .2–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Malice 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Malice 75 WSP — 1 .6oz/ Suppression only 8,250–11,000 sq ft Mallet 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Mallet 2 F T&O 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Mallet 75WSP 4–5 .3 packets 1 packet/ NR1 for sod farms; suppression only (6 .4–8 .6 oz) 8,250–11,000 sq ft Mallet 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only continued on next page

70 Insects Table 31 continued. Insecticides registered to control cutworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments Imidacloprid Mallet 2 F T&O 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz 4A — (larvae only) cont. Mallet 75WSP 4–5 .3 packets 1 packet/ NR1 for sod farms; suppression only (6 .4–8 .6 oz) 8,250–11,000 sq ft Merit 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Merit 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz Suppression only Merit 75WP 6 .4–8 .6oz 3–4 level teaspoons Suppression only Merit 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250–11,000 Suppression only sq ft Prokoz Zenith 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms; suppression only 0 .5 G Prokoz Zenith 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz Suppression only Prokoz Zenith 75 — 1 .6 oz/ Suppression only WSP 8,250–11,000 sq ft imidacloprid + Allectus G 50–125 lb 1 .2–2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 50–125 lb 1 .1–2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 1 .8–4 .5 pt 0 .67–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 1 .1–4 .5 pt 0 .4–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms indoxacarb Provaunt 2 .0–4 .0 oz 0 .046–0 .092 oz 22A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 88–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Nufarm Lambda- See label See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 5–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 5–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL Restricted-use pesticide spinosad Conserve SC 35–52 fl oz 0 .8–1 .2 fl oz — thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 4A and 3A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 200–300 4 .6–6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 87 lb 2 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Mustang 3 .0–4 .3 fl oz — 3A Restricted use; sod farms only Mustang Max/ 2 .24–4 .0 oz — Restricted use; sod farms only Maxx zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 10–15 fl oz 0 .23–0 .34 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

Insects 71 Green June beetles

Table 32. Insecticides registered to control Green June beetles in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments carbaryl Carbaryl 4L 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz — chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 8 .0–26 .0 fl oz 0 104–0. .208 fl oz 28 — Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb — chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use: golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use: golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use: golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0 pt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide cyantraniliprole Ference 8–16 fl oz 0 184–0. .367 fl oz 28 — dinotefuran Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz 4A Suppression only Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 .0 oz — imidacloprid Amtide 19 .2–25 .6 fl oz 0 .45–0 .6 fl oz 4A — Imidacloprid 2F T&O Criterion 0 .5 G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Criterion 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Criterion 75WSP ­— 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ — 8,250–11,000 sq ft Malice 0 .5G 50–80 lb 1 .2–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Malice 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms Malice 75 WSP — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ — 8,250–11,000 sq ft Mallet 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Mallet 2 F T&O 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Mallet 75 WSP 4–5 .375 packets 1 .6oz (1 packet)/ NR1 for sod farms (6 .4–8 .6 oz) 8,250–11,000 sq ft Merit 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Merit 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Merit 75WP 6 .4–8 .6 oz 3–4 level tsp — continued on next page

72 Insects Table 32 continued. Insecticides registered to control Green June beetles in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments imidacloprid cont. Merit 75 WSP — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ 4A — 8,250–11,000 sq ft Pro-mate Merit 150–200 lb 3 .5–4 .5 lb — 0 .2% Prokoz Zenith 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms 0 .5 G Prokoz Zenith 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Prokoz Zenith 75 — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ — WSP 8,250–11,000 sq ft imidacloprid + Allectus G 100–125 lb 2 .3–2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 100–125 lb 2 .3–2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 131–176 lb 3 .0–4 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; suppression only Scimitar CS 10 fl oz 7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 10 fl oz 7 mL Restricted use; suppression only thiamethoxam Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/5,000 sq ft 4A — Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3–4 oz/10,000 sq ft — thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 4A and 3A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 300 fl oz 6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 130 lb 3 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

Insects 73 Mealybugs

Table 33. Insecticides registered to control mealybugs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .08–0 16. fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Sniper 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 3 7–7. .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 50–100 lb 1 .5–2 .3 lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz 10–20 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Restricted-use pesticide Granular Wisdom Lawn 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 17 .5–25 .6 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms Suspend SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms imidacloprid + Allectus G 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 75–125 lb 1 7–2. 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 2 .3–4 .5 pt 0 9–1. .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 1 .1–4 .5 pt 0 .4–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Mustang 3 .0–4 .3 oz — 3A Restricted use; sod farms only Mustang Max/ 2 .8–4 .0 oz — Restricted use; sod farms only Maxx zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

74 Insects Mites

Table 34. Insecticides registered to control mites (see label for specific species) in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .08–0 16. fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 4 .35–8 7. fl oz 0 1–0. .2 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Pro-Mate Bifenthrin — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz — Sniper 3 .5–7 .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 3 7–7. .0 fl oz 0 .08–0 16. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar P — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star SC 10–20 fl oz 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom Flowable 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Restricted use pesticice Wisdom TC Flowable — 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0 qt . 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0 pt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz Restricted use; suppression only Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 5SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms; suppression only Suspend SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms; suppression only dicofol Dicofol 4-E Miticide 0 .66–1 pt 0 .33 or 2 tsp UN Sod farms only imidacloprid + Allectus GC SC 2 .3–4 .5 pt 0 9–1. .65 fl oz 4A and 3A Restricted use; golf courses, sod bifenthrin farms only Allectus SC 1 .1–4 .5 pt 0 .4–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 88–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Nufarm Lambda- See label See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL Restricted-use pesticide zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 10–20 fl oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

Insects 75 Mole crickets

Table 35. Insecticides registered to control mole crickets in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments acephate Acephate 90 Prill 2 .3–4 .3 lb 0 .8–1 .6 oz 1B Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 90 WDG 2 .22–4 .44 lb 0 .8–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Acephate 97 2 .2–4 lb 0 .8–1 .4 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 97UP 2 .2–4 lb 0 .8–1 .4 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Bracket 90 WDG 2 .22–4 .44 lb 0 .8–1 .6 oz Golf courses only Bracket 97 2 .2–4 .0 lb 0 .8–1 .4 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Orthene-T, 2 .5–4 .0 lb 0 9–1. .5 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O Spray 97 Orthene-T, 2 .66–5 .33 lb 1 .0–2 .0 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O WSP bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 16–0. .32 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 8 7–17. .42 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz — Fanfare ES 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 10–40 fl oz 0 .25–1 .0 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Pro-Mate — 0 .5–1 .0 fl oz — Bifenthrin Sniper 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 .5–1 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz; 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz; Restricted use; golf courses, sod large infestations: large infestations: farms only 40 fl oz 1 fl oz Up-Star GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 .5–1 .0 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz 10–20 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom Flowable 10–20 oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide Granular Wisdom Lawn 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 .5–1 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2–4 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only continued on next page

76 Insects Table 35 continued. Insecticides registered to control mole crickets in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments chlorpyrifos cont. Vulcan 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz 1B Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 4 .0 pt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Tempo SC Ultra 12 fl oz 0 .27 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 15 .4 oz 10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms deltamethrin Deltagard G — 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC — 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 26–39 fl oz 0 .6–0 9. fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz 4A — Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 .0 oz — fipronil Chipco Choice 12 .5–25 lb 4 .6–9 .4 oz 2B Restricted use; Apply using slit- placement application equipment Topchoice 87 2 — imidacloprid Amtide 25 .6 fl oz 0 .6 fl oz 4A — Imidacloprid 2F T&O Criterion 0 .5 G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Criterion 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz — Criterion 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250 sq ft — imidacloprid Malice 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb 4A NR1 for sod farms Malice 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms Malice 75 WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250 sq ft — Mallet 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Mallet 2 F T&O 1 .6 pt 0 .60 fl oz — Mallet 75 WSP 5 .375 packets 1 .6 oz/8,250 sq ft NR1 for sod farms (8 .6 oz) Merit 0 .5G 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Merit 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz — Merit 75WP 8 .6 oz 4 level tsp — Merit 75WSP — 1 .6 oz/8,250 sq ft — Pro-mate Merit 200 lb 4 .5 lb — 0 .2% Prokoz Zenith 80 lb 1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms 0 .5 G continued on next page

Insects 77 Table 35 continued. Insecticides registered to control mole crickets in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments imidacloprid cont. Prokoz Zenith 2F 1 .6 pt 0 .6 fl oz 4A — Prokoz Zenith 75 — 1 .6 oz/8,250 sq ft — WSP imidacloprid + Allectus G 125 lb 2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 125 lb 2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms indoxacarb Provaunt 12 oz 0 .275 oz 22A NR1 for sod farms Advion Insect 50–200 lb 1 15–4. .6 lb NR1 for sod farms Granule lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 131–176 lb 3 .0–4 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Nufarm Lambda- — See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 10 fl oz 7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 10 fl oz 7 mL Restricted-use pesticide permethrin Permethrin 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Perm-Up 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide thiamethoxam Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3 .0–4 .0 oz/ 10,000 4A Suppression only sq ft Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/5,000 sq ft — thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 4A and 3A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 300 fl oz 6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 130 lb 3 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

78 Insects Red imported fire ants

Table 36. Insecticides registered to control red imported fire ants in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments abamectin Award II 1 .0 lb — 6 NR1 for sod farms; IMT2 Optigard Fire Ant 1 .0 lb — 6 IMT2; see label Bait acephate Acephate 90 Prill See label See label 1B IMT2; see label Acephate 90-SP See label See label IMT2; see label Acephate 97 See label See label IMT2; see label Acephate 97 UP See label See label IMT2; see label Bracket 97 See label See label IMT2; see label Orthene-T, See label See label IMT2; see label T&O Spray 97 Orthene-T, See label See label IMT2; see label T&O WSP bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 16–0. .32 fl oz 3A Restricted use; IMT2; see label Brigade 2EC 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only; IMT2; see label Capture LFR 8 7–17. .42 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only; IMT2; see label Fanfare ES 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; IMT2; see label Menace GC 7 9%. 40 fl oz 0 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only; IMT2; Flowable see label Pro-Mate — — IMT2; see label Bifenthrin Sniper 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; IMT2; see label Tailgunner 7 .0–14 .0 fl oz 0 16–0. .32 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only; IMT2; see label Talstar GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses Talstar P — 0 .5–1 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields; IMT2; see label Talstar S Select 10–20 fl oz; 0 .25–0 .5 fl oz; Restricted use; golf courses, sod large infestations: large infestations: farms only; IMT2; see label 40 fl oz 1 fl oz Up-Star GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 1 .0 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields; IMT2; see label Up-Star SC 0 .5 fl oz 20 fl oz Restricted use; IMT2; see label Wisdom EZ 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom Flowable 20–40 oz 0 .46–0 92. fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Restricted-use pesticide Granular Wisdom Lawn 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 .5–1 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 100–200 lb 2 .3–4 .6 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin carbaryl Carbaryl 4L See label See label 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL See label See label IMT2; see label continued on next page

Insects 79 Table 36 continued. Insecticides registered to control red imported fire ants in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments chlorpyrifos Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz 1B Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only; IMT2; see label Nufarm 1 .0 qt — Restricted use; golf courses, road Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 medians, industrial sites only; IMT2; see label clothianidin + Aloft GC SC Control: 20 fl oz; Control: 0 .46 fl oz; 4A and 3A Restricted use; IMT2; see label bifenthrin suppression: suppression: 14 .4 fl oz 0 .33 fl oz Aloft LC SC Control: 20 fl oz; Control: 0 .46 fl oz; Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, suppression: suppression: sod farms; IMT2; see label 14 .4 fl oz 0 .33 fl oz cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted use; aids in control only Tempo SC Ultra 12 fl oz 0 .27 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; aids in control only Tempo Ultra WP 15 .4 oz 10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; aids in control only Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; aids in control only deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; IMT2; see label Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC Restricted use; IMT2; see label Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; IMT2; see label Deltagard T&O — — NR1 for sod farms; IMT2; see label 5SC Suspend SC — — NR1 for sod farms; IMT2; see label fenoxycarb Award 1 .0–1 .5 lb — 7B IMT2; see label fipronil Chipco Choice 12 .5–25 lb 4 .6–9 .4 oz 2B Restricted use; apply using slit- placement application equipment; Can only be used in USDA APHIS fire ant quarantine areas Maxforce FC 1 .5–5 .0 lb 0 .5–1 .83 oz IMT2; see label Fire Ant Bait Topchoice 87 lb 2 lb — hydramethylnon Amdro Pro 1 .0–1 .5 lb 2 .0–3 .0 oz 20A IMT2; see label imidacloprid + Allectus G 125 lb 2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 125 lb 2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms indoxacarb Advion Fire Ant 1 .5 lb 0 .5 oz 22A NR1 for sod farms; IMT2; see label Bait lambda-cyhalothrin Nufarm Lambda- — — 3A Restricted use; IMT2; see label Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; IMT2; see label Scimitar GC 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL Restricted-use pesticide continued on next page

80 Insects Table 36 continued. Insecticides registered to control red imported fire ants in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments metaflumizone Siesta 1 .0–1 .5 lb 2 .0–3 .0 oz/ 22B Lawns, parks, golf courses, sod 5,000 sq ft farms, others permethrin Permethrin 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Perm-Up 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide pyriproxyfen Distance Fire Ant 1 .0–1 .5 lb 0 .35–0 .5 oz 7C IMT2; see label Bait (S)-methoprene Extinguish 1 .0–1 .5 lb 3 .5 tbl 7A IMT2; see label Extinguish Plus 1 .5 lb IMT2; see label spinosad Conserve SC See label See label 5 IMT2; see label Entrust/Entrust SC See label See label IMT2; see label thiamethoxam Meridian 25WG — — 4A IMT2; see label Meridian 0 .33G — — IMT2; see label thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 4A and 3A NR1 for sod farms; IMT2; see label lambda-cyhalothrin zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: R = not registered 2: IMT = individual mound treatment

Sod webworms

Table 37. Insecticides registered to control sod webworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments acephate Acephate 90 Prill 1 .1–2 .3 lb 0 .4–0 .8 oz 1B Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 90 WDG 1 11–2. .22 lb 0 .4–0 .8 oz Golf courses only Insecticide Acephate 97 1 .0–2 .2 lb 0 .4–0 .8 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Acephate 97UP 1 .0–2 .2 lb 0 .4–0 .8 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Bracket 90 WDG 1 11–2. .22 lb 0 .4–0 .8 oz Golf courses only Bracket 97 1 .0–2 .2 lb 0 .4–0 .8 oz Golf courses, sod farms only Orthene-T, 1 .0–2 .0 lb 0 .4–0 .8 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O Spray 97 Orthene-T, 1 .33–2 .66 lb 0 .5–1 oz Golf courses, sod farms only T&O WSP bifenthrin Bifen 2 AG Gold — 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Brigade 2EC 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Capture LFR 2 .8–4 .35 fl oz 0 .066–0 1. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Fanfare ES 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Menace GC 7 9%. 10 fl oz 0 .25 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Flowable Pro-Mate — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz — Bifenthrin Sniper 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Tailgunner 2 .2–3 .5 fl oz 0 .05–0 .08 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Talstar GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted use; lawns, parks, athletic fields, sod farms, golf courses continued on next page

Insects 81 Table 37 continued. Insecticides registered to control sod webworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments bifenthrin cont. Talstar P — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields Talstar S Select 10 fl oz 0 .25 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Up-Star GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted-use pesticide Up-Star Gold — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Up-Star SC 0 .25 fl oz 10 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom EZ 50 lb 1 15. lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Wisdom Flowable 10–20 oz 0 .23–0 .46 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Wisdom GC 50 lb 1 15. lb Restricted-use pesticide Granular Wisdom Lawn 50 lb 1 15. lb Lawns, parks, athletic fields Granular Wisdom TC — 0 18–0. .25 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields Flowable bifenthrin + zeta- Talstar XTRA GC 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb 3A and 3A Lawns, parks, athletic fields cypermethrin carbaryl Carbaryl 4L 6 .0–8 .0 qt 4 .4–6 .0 fl oz 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL 6 .0–8 .0 qt 4 .4–6 .0 fl oz — chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 2 .0–4 .0 fl oz 0 .046–0 .092 fl oz 28 — Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb — chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0 lb — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 2 .0 pt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 1 .0 qt 0 75. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP-GC — See label 3A Restricted-use pesticide Tempo SC Ultra 6 .0–12 fl oz 0 135–0. .270 fl oz Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WP 7 7–15. .4 oz 5–10 g Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Tempo Ultra WSP — See label Landscape and recreational turf only: NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyantraniliprole Ference 2–16 fl oz 0 .046–0 .367 fl oz 28 — continued on next page

82 Insects Table 37 continued. Insecticides registered to control sod webworms in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments deltamethrin Deltagard G 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard GC 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard GC 5SC 8 75–17. .5 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Deltagard T&O 87–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Deltagard T&O 8 75–17. .5 fl oz 0 .2–0 .4 fl oz NR1 for sod farms 5SC Suspend SC 17 .5–26 fl oz 0 .4–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms dinotefuran Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz 4A — Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 .0 oz — imidacloprid + Allectus G 50–125 lb 1 .2–2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 50–125 lb 1 .1–2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 1 .8–4 .5 pt 0 .67–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 1 .1–4 .5 pt 0 .4–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms indoxacarb Provaunt 2 .0–4 .0 oz 0 .046–0 .092 oz 22A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 88–131 lb 2 .0–3 .0 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Nufarm Lambda- — See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Scimitar GC 5 .0–10 fl oz 3 .4–7 mL Restricted-use pesticide methomyl Annihilate LV 3 .0 pt 1 1. fl oz 1A Restricted use; sod farms only Insecticide Annihilate SP 1 .0 lb 0 .4 oz Restricted use; sod farms only Insecticide Lannate LV 3 .0 pt 1 1. fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Insecticide Lannate SP 1 .0 lb 0 .4 oz Restricted use; sod farms only permethrin Permethrin 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz 3A Restricted-use pesticide Perm-Up 3 .2 EC — 0 .4–0 .8 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide spinosad Conserve SC 10 fl oz 0 .25 fl oz 5 — Blackhawk 1 .1–2 .2 oz — Sod farms only Tracer 1 .0–2 .0 fl oz — Sod farms only thiamethoxam Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3 .0–4 .0 oz/ 4A — 10,000 sq ft Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/5,000 sq ft — thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 4A and 3A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 200–300 4 .6–6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 87 lb 2 lb NR1 for sod farms zeta-cypermethrin Mustang 3 .0–4 .3 oz — 3A Restricted use; sod farms only Mustang Max/ 2 .24–4 .0 oz — Restricted use; sod farms only Maxx zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 10–15 fl oz 0 .23–0 .34 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = Not registered

Insects 83 White grubs

Table 38. Insecticides registered to control white grubs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments carbaryl Carbaryl 4L 8 .0 qt 6 .0 fl oz 1A Spot treatments only in residential turf Sevin SL 8 .0 qt 6 .0 fl oz — chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn 8 .0–16 fl oz 0 184–0. .367 fl oz 28 — Acelepryn G 50–100 lb 1 15–2. .3 lb — chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz 1B Restricted use; sod farms only Dursban 50W-WSP 2 .0–4 .0 qt — Restricted use; sod farms only Govern 4E 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Hatchet 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban 4E 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Lorsban Advanced 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Nufarm 2 .0 qt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use: golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 industrial sites, road medians only Nufarm 1 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use: golf courses, Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 industrial sites, road medians only Vulcan 1 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use: golf courses, industrial sites, road medians only Warhawk 4 .0 pt 1 .5 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Whirlwind 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only Yuma 4E 2 .0–4 .0 qt 1 .5–3 .0 fl oz Restricted use; sod farms only clothianidin + Aloft GC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb 4A and 3A Restricted-use pesticide bifenthrin Aloft GC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted-use pesticide Aloft LC G 80–160 lb 1 .8–3 .6 lb Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms Aloft LC SC 11 .65–23 .3 fl oz 0 .27–0 .54 fl oz Restricted use; NR1 for golf courses, sod farms cyantraniliprole Ference 8–16 fl oz 0 184–0. .367 fl oz 28 — dinotefuran Zylam 20SG 2 .7 lb 1 .0 oz 4A — Zylam Liquid 4 .9 pt 1 .8 fl oz Suppression only imidacloprid Amtide 19 .2–25 .6 fl oz 0 .45–0 .6 fl oz 4A — Imidacloprid 2F T&O Criterion 0 .5 G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Criterion 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Criterion 75WSP — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ — 8,250–11,000 sq ft Malice 0 .5G 50–80 lb 1 .2–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Malice 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz NR1 for sod farms Malice 75 WSP — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ — 8,250–11,000 sq ft Mallet 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Mallet 2 F T&O 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Mallet 75 WSP 4–5 .375 packets 1 packet (1 .6oz)/ NR1 for sod farms (6 .4–8 .6 oz) 8,250–11,000 sq ft Merit 0 .5G 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms Merit 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Merit 75WP 6 .4–8 .6 oz 3–4 level — teaspoons continued on next page

84 Insects Table 38 continued. Insecticides registered to control white grubs in turfgrasses Product/ Insecticide Common name Trade name Product/A 1,000 sq ft group Comments imidacloprid cont. Merit 75WSP — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ 4A — 8,250–11,000 sq ft Pro-mate Merit 150–200 lb 3 .5–4 .5 lb — 0 .2% Prokoz Zenith 60–80 lb 1 .4–1 .8 lb NR1 for sod farms 0 .5 G Prokoz Zenith 2F 1 .25–1 .6 pt 0 .46–0 .6 fl oz — Prokoz Zenith 75 — 1 .6 oz (1 packet)/ — WSP 8,250–11,000 sq ft imidacloprid + Allectus G 100–125 lb 2 .3–2 9. lb 4A and 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms bifenthrin Allectus GC 100–125 lb 2 .3–2 9. lb Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus GC SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz Restricted use; golf courses, sod farms only Allectus SC 3 .6–4 .5 pt 1 .32–1 .65 fl oz NR1 for golf courses, sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin Demand G 131–176 lb 3–4 lb 3A NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; Suppression only Nufarm Lambda- — See label Restricted-use pesticide Cyhalothrin 1 EC Scimitar CS 10 fl oz 7 mL NR1 for golf courses, sod farms; Suppression only Scimitar GC 10 fl oz 7 mL Restricted use; suppression only thiamethoxam Meridian 25 WG 12 7–17. oz 3–4 oz/10,000 sq ft 4A — Meridian 0 .33G 60–80 lb 7–9 lb/5,000 sq ft — trichlorfon Dylox 420 SL 300 fl oz 6 9. fl oz 1B Golf courses, recreational turf, lawns only Dylox 6 .2G 130 lb 3 lb NR1 for sod farms thiamethoxam + Tandem See label See label 4A and 3A NR1 for sod farms lambda-cyhalothrin zeta-cypermethrin Triple Crown Golf 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz 3A and 4A Golf courses only + bifenthrin + Triple Crown T&O 20–35 fl oz 0 .46–0 .8 fl oz Lawns, parks, athletic fields imidacloprid 1: NR = not registered

Insects 85 Diseases in Texas turfgrasses

Turfgrass diseases occur when a disease-causing according to soil test results, proper mowing, etc. microorganism (pathogen) infects a plant, giving all However, even when following proper man- or part of the plant an abnormal appearance. Turf- agement practices, fungicides are often still recom- grasses are often most vulnerable to infection when mended and/or required for protecting high-value continuously exposed to environmental stresses turf. In these cases, accurate diagnosis of causal agents caused by improper management, adverse weather, and timing of the application with proper fungicides poor drainage, etc., so it is important to understand are critical. The Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Labo- the cause(s) of turfgrass diseases before treating them. ratory can identify causal agents for turfgrass diseases One way to reduce the potential for disease pressure is and can be found at plantclinic.tamu.edu. Always through cultural management strategies that promote consult the fungicide label for information regarding healthy turfgrass growth. These practices include application timing, rate, length of residual control, etc. proper irrigation, adequate drainage, balanced fertility

Table 39. Diseases in turfgrass production and management1 Disease Causal agent Occurrence Anthracnose Colletotrichum graminicola Occasional Brown patch (cool-season turf) Rhizoctonia solani Common Dollar spot Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Common Fairy ring Basidomycetes Common Grey leaf spot Pyricularia grisea Common Large patch (warm-season turf) Rhizoctonia solani Common Leaf spots Various types and causal agents Common Leaf and sheath spot Rhizoctonia zea Occasional Microdochium patch Microdochium nivale Common Pythium diseases Pythium spp . Common Root decline/take-all root rot/take-all patch Gaeumannomyces graminis var . graminis Common Spring dead spot Ophiosphaerella herpotrica & O. korrae Occasional Summer patch Magnaporthe poae Occasional Thatch collapse disease Sphaerobolus stellatus Occasional 1: These diseases were identified by the Southern IPM Pest Management Working Group in a meeting held in College Station, TX on October 23rd, 2014 .

86 Diseases Fungicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification

Table 40. Mode of action classifications of fungicides registered for use in turfgrasses (Source: FRAC) FRAC code Mode of action (MOA)1 Group Common name 1 β-tubulin assembly Benzimidazole (MBC) thiophanate-methyl 2 Signal transduction Dicarboximide iprodione vinclozolin 3 Sterol biosynthesis Demethylation Inhibitor (DMI) difenoconazole fenarimol metconazole myclobutanil propiconazole tebuconazole triadimefon triticonazole 4 RNA polymerase Phenylamide mefenoxam 7 Respiration Carboximide (SDHI) boscalid flutolanil fluxapyroxad penthiopyrad fluopyram 11 Respiration Strobilurin (QoI) azoxystrobin fluoxastrobin pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin mandestrobin 12 Signal transduction Phenylpyrrole fludioxonil 14 Lipid peroxidation Aromatic hydrocarbon chloroneb etridiazol (ethazole) PCNB 19 Chitin synthase Polyoxin polyoxin D zinc 21 Respiration Quinone inside inhibitors (Qil) cyazofamid 28 Membrane permeability Carbamate propamocarb 29 Respiration Unknown fluazinam 33 Unknown Phosphonate fosetyl-aluminum (Al) (aluminum tris) potassium phosphite 43 Delocalization of spectrin-like proteins Benzamides fluopicolide M3 Multisite contact Dithiocarbamate maneb thiram mancozeb M5 Multisite contact Chloronitrile chlorothalonil P1 Host plant defense induction Benzothiadiazole (BTH) acibenzolar-S-methyl 1: Rotate modes of action when possible to minimize the risk of resistance development For more information on fungicide chemistry and modes of action, see www .FRAC .info .

Diseases 87 Fungicides registered for use in turfgrasses

Anthracnose Table 41. Fungicides registered to control anthracnose (Collectotrichum cerealis) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 1–2 14–28 Heritage G 2–4 14–28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 14–28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5 7–10 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 4 .5 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .3–0 .725 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex 2 75–5. .03 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Daconil Weather Stik 3–5 .5 7–14 Daconil Zn 4 .4–8 7–14 Echo 720 3 .6–5 .5 7–14 Echo Ultimate 3 .25–5 7–14 Echo Zn 5 7–14 Chlorothalonil 720 3–5 .5 7–14 Chlorothalonil 82 .5 1 .8–5 7–14 WDG Chlorothalonil 500ZN 3–7 9. 7–14 Chlorothalonil 2 12–5. .5 7–14 720SFT Chlorothalonil DF 5–8 .8 7–14 Pegasus 6L 3 .6–5 .5 7–14 Pegasus DF 3 .25–5 7–14 Pegasus DFX 3 .25–5 7–14 Pegasus HPX 3 .6–5 .5 7–14 chlorothalonil + acibenzolar-S-methyl Daconil Action 3–3 .6 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 3 .6–5 .4 14 BTH (FRAC# P1) chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 3–5 9. 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) chlorothalonil + iprodione + thiophanate- Enclave 3–4 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) methyl + tebuconazole 7–8 28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) MBC (FRAC# 1) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + propiconazole Concert 4 .5–5 .5 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 5 .5–8 .5 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + propiconazole + Instrata 2 75–6. 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) fludioxonil DMI (FRAC# 3) Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) continued on next page

88 Diseases Table 41 continued. Fungicides registered to control anthracnose (Collectotrichum cerealis) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl Peregrine 4–8 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Spectro 3–5 76. 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) TM/C 2–6 14–21 fluazinam Secure 0 .5 14 FRAC# 29 fludioxonil Medallion 0 .25–0 .5 14 Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) Medallion SC 1–2 14 fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 18–0. .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–28 Fame 0 18–0. .36 14–28 fluopyram + trifloxystrobin Exteris 2 135–6. 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .25–1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fosetyl-Al Autograph 4 .6–9 .2 14–21 Phosphonate (FRAC #33) Fosetyl-Al 4–8 14–21 Signature 4–8 14–21 Viceroy 4 .6–9 .1 14–21 iprodione 26GT 4–8 14 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Chipco 26019 FLO 4–8 14–28 Iprodione Pro 4–8 14–28 Ipro 2SE 4–8 14–28 Ipro 2 4–8 14–28 Raven 4–8 30 iprodione +thiophanate-methyl 26/36 2–4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Dovetail 1–4 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) iprodione + trifloxystrobin Interface 4–7 14 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Interface Stressgard 4–7 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) metconazole Tourney 0 .28–0 .37 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 1 .2 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 1 .2 14–21 Siskin 1 .2 14–21 PCNB Autilus 5–6 7–10 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) PCNB + tebuconazole Oreon 6–8 14–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) DMI (FRAC# 3) penthiopyrad Velista 0 .3–0 .5 14 SDHI (FRAC# 7) polyoxin D Affirm 0 .88 7–14 Polyoxin (FRAC# 19) Endorse 4 7–14 potassium phosphite Appear 4–8 14 Phosphate (FRAC# 33) propiconazole Banner MAXX 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 1–2 14–28 Kestrel MEX 1–2 14–28 Propiconazole 1–2 14–28 Savvi 1–2 14–28 Strider 1–2 14–28 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .5–0 9. 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .4–0 7. 14–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) continued on next page

Diseases 89 Table 41 continued. Fungicides registered to control anthracnose (Collectotrichum cerealis) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code tebuconazole Torque 0 .6 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 14–28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 3–9 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 2–6 14 3336 F 2–6 14 3336 Plus 2–8 14–28 3336 WP 2–6 14 TtoBird 4 .5L 1–2 14 TtoBird 85WDG 0 .67–1 .3 14 TM 462 2–5 .3 14 TM 4 .5 2–5 .3 14 TM 85WDG 1 .2–3 .6 14 triademefon Bayleton 50 1 30–45 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 1 30–45 triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Armada 0 .6–1 .2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan 1–2 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) trifloxystrobin Compass 0 15–0. .25 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) triticonazole Trinity 0 .5–1 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .41–1 .1 14–28 Triton 70WDG 0 15–0. .225 14–28 1: Product amounts represented in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Brown patch

Table 42. Fungicides registered to control brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 1–2 14–28 Heritage G 2–4 14–28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 14–28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 4 .5 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .3–0 .725 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 0 75–1. .5 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 1 .5–3 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chloroneb Teremec SP 3–4 10 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Teremec SP 2 9F. 5–7 7–10 chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex 1 .8–3 .25 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Daconil Weather Stik 2–5 .5 7–14 Daconil Zn 3–8 7–14 continued on next page

90 Diseases Table 42 continued. Fungicides registered to control brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code chlorothalonil cont. Echo 720 2–3 .6 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Echo Ultimate 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Echo Zn 3–5 7–14 Chlorothalonil 720 2–3 .6 7–14 Chlorothalonil 82 .5 1 .8–5 7–14 WDG Chlorothalonil 500ZN 3–7 9. 7–14 Chlorothalonil 720SFT 2 12–5. .5 7–14 Chlorothalonil DF 1 .8–3 .2 7–14 Pegasus 6L 3 .6–5 .5 7–14 Pegasus DFX 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Pegasus HPX 2–3 .6 7–14 chlorothalonil + acibenzolar-S-methyl Daconil Action 2–3 .5 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 4–5 .4 14 BTH (FRAC# P1) chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 1 .5–5 9. 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) chlorothalonil + iprodione + thiophanate- Enclave 3–4 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) methyl + tebuconazole 7–8 28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) MBC (FRAC# 1) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + propiconazole Concert 3–5 .5 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 5 .5–8 .5 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + propiconazole + Instrata 2 75–6. 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) fludioxonil DMI (FRAC# 3) Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl Peregrine 4–8 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Spectro 3–5 76. 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) TM/C 2–6 14–21 fenarimol Rubigan 1 .5 7–14 DMI (FRAC# 3) fluazinam Secure 0 .5 14 FRAC# 29 fludioxonil Medallion 0 .2–0 .5 7–14 Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) Medallion SC 0 75–2. 7–14 fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 .09–0 .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 1 .2–4 .6 14–28 Fame 0 .09–0 .36 14–28 fluopyram + trifloxystrobin Exteris 2 135–6. 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .25–1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) flutolanil Prostar 1 .5–3 14–21 SDHI (FRAC# 7) fluxapyroxad Xzemplar 0 .21–0 .26 14–21 SDHI (FRAC# 7) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) iprodione 26GT 3–4 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Chipco 26019 FLO 3–4 14–28 Iprodione Pro 2–4 14–28 Iprodione SPC 3–4 30 Ipro 2SE 3–4 14–28 Ipro 2 3–4 14–28 Raven 3–4 30 iprodione + thiophanate-methyl 26/36 2–4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Dovetail 1–4 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) iprodione + trifloxystrobin Interface 3–5 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Interface Stressgard 3–5 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) continued on next page

Diseases 91 Table 42 continued. Fungicides registered to control brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code mancozeb Fore 4 7 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Dithane 4 10 Protect 4 7–14 mandestrobin Pinpoint 0 .31 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) metconazole Tourney 0 .28–0 .37 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 1 .2 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 1 .2 14–21 Siskin 1 .2 14–21 PCNB Turfcide 10G 2–2 .5 7–10 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Turfcide 400 5–6 7–10 PCNB + tebuconazole Oreon 6–8 14–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) DMI (FRAC# 3) penthiopyrad Velista 0 .3–0 .5 14–21 SDHI (FRAC# 7) polyoxin D Affirm 0 .88 7–14 Polyoxin (FRAC# 19) Endorse 4 7–14 propiconazole Banner MAXX 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 1–2 14–28 Kestrel MEX 1–2 14–28 Propiconazole 1–2 14–28 Savvi 1–2 14–28 Strider 1–2 14–28 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .5–0 9. 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .4–0 7. 14–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) tebuconazole Torque 0 .6 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 Siskin 1 .2 14–21 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 14–28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 1 .5–6 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 2–4 14 3336 F 2–4 14 3336 Plus 2–8 14–28 3336 WP 2–6 14 TtoBird 4 .5L 1–2 14 TtoBird 85WDG 0 .67–1 .3 14 TM 462 2–3 .5 14 TM 4 .5 2–3 .5 14 TM 85WDG 1 .2–2 .4 14 triademefon Bayleton 50 0 .5–1 15–30 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 0 .5–1 15–30 triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Armada 0 .6–1 .2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan 1–2 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) trifloxystrobin Compass 0 15–0. .25 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) triticonazole Trinity 0 .5–1 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .41–1 .1 14–28 Triton 70WDG 0 15–0. .6 14–28 vinclozolin Curalan 1 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Touche 1 14–28 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

92 Diseases Dollar spot

Table 43. Fungicides registered to control dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5–4 .5 7–14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .3–0 .725 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 1 .5–3 7–14 DMI (FRAC# 3) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) boscalid Emerald 0 .18 14 SDHI (FRAC# 7) chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex 1–5 .03 7–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Daconil Weather Stik 1–5 .5 7–21 Daconil Zn 1 .5–8 7–21 Chlorothalonil 720 1–3 .6 7–21 Chlorothalonil 82 .5 1–5 7–21 WDG Chlorothalonil 500ZN 3–7 9. 7–14 Chlorothalonil 2 12–5. .5 7–14 720SFT Chlorothalonil DF 0 .9–3 .2 7–21 Echo 720 2–3 .6 7–14 Echo Ultimate 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Echo Zn 3–5 7–14 Pegasus 6L 3 .6–5 .5 7–14 Pegasus DFX 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Pegasus HPX 3 .6–5 .5 7–14 chlorothalonil + acibenzolar-S-methyl Daconil Action 1–2 7–10 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 2–3 .5 7–21 BTH (FRAC# P1) 4–5 .4 14 chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 3–5 9. 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) chlorothalonil + iprodione + thiophanate- Enclave 3–4 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) methyl + tebuconazole 7–8 28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) MBC (FRAC# 1) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + propiconazole Concert 1 .5–3 7–10 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 3–5 .5 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) 5 .5–8 .5 14–28 chlorothalonil + propiconazole + Instrata 2 75–7. 21–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) fludioxonil DMI (FRAC# 3) Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl Peregrine 4–8 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Spectro 3 .72–5 .76 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) TM/C 2–6 14–21 fenarimol Rubigan 0 75–1. .5 10–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) fluazinam Secure 0 .5 14 FRAC# 29 fluopyram + trifloxystrobin Exteris 1 .5–4 135. 7–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fluoxastrobin Fame 0 18–0. .36 14–21 Strobilurin (Qol, FRAC #11) fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .25–1 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad Xzemplar 0 16–0. .26 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) continued on next page

Diseases 93 Table 43 continued. Fungicides registered to control dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) iprodione 26GT 2–4 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Chipco 26019 FLO 2–4 14–28 Iprodione Pro 3–4 14–28 Iprodione SPC 2–4 30 Ipro 2SE 2–4 14–28 Ipro 2 2–4 14–28 Raven 2–4 30 iprodione + thiophanate-methyl 26/36 2–4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Dovetail 1–4 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) iprodione + trifloxystrobin Interface 3–5 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Interface Stressgard 3–5 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) mancozeb Fore 6–8 7–14 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Dithane 6–8 10 Pentathlon DF 6–8 7–14 Pentathlon LF 10–14 7–14 Protect 6–8 7–14 Wingman 6–8 7–14 Wingman 4L 9 .6–12 .8 7–14 mandestrobin Pinpoint 0 17–0. .31 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) metconazole Tourney 0 18–0. .37 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 0 .5–2 .4 7–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 0 .5–2 .4 7–28 Siskin 0 .5–2 .4 7–28 PCNB Turfcide 10G 5–7 .5 21–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Turfcide 400 11–16 21–28 PCNB + tebuconazole Oreon 6–8 14–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) DMI (FRAC# 3) penthiopyrad Velista 0 .3–0 .5 14–21 SDHI (FRAC# 7) propiconazole Banner MAXX 0 .5–2 7–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 0 .5–2 7–28 Kestrel MEX 0 .5–2 7–28 Propiconazole 0 .5–2 7–28 Savvi 0 .5–2 7–28 Strider 0 .5–2 7–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 0 .83–1 .1 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) tebuconazole Torque 0 .6 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 14–28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 1 .5–6 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 2–4 14 3336 F 2–4 14 3336 Plus 2–4 14–28 3336 WP 2–4 14 TtoBird 4 .5L 1–2 14 TtoBird 85WDG 0 .67–1 .3 14 TM 462 2–3 .5 14 TM 4 .5 2–3 .5 14 TM 85WDG 1 .2–2 .4 14 continued on next page

94 Diseases Table 43 continued. Fungicides registered to control dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code thiram Spotrete 3 75–7. .5 3–10 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) triademefon Bayleton 50 0 .25–1 14–30 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 0 .25–1 14–30 triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Armada 0 .6–1 .2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan 1–2 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Tartan Stressgard 1–2 14–28 triticonazole Trinity 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .28–1 1. 14–28 Triton 70WDG 0 15–0. .3 14–28 vinclozolin Curalan 1 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Touche 1 21–28 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Fairy ring

Table 44. Fungicides registered to control fairy ring (Basidiomycetes) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .4 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 2 28 Heritage G 2–4 14–28 Strobe 50WG 0 .4 28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .4 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .5–0 .725 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 4 .5–5 9. 21–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 .28–0 .36 21–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 28 Fame 0 .28–0 .36 21–28 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .5–1 21–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) flutolanil Prostar 2 .2–4 .5 21–30 SDHI (FRAC# 7) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .47 28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) mandestrobin Pinpoint 0 .31 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) metconazole Tourney 0 .37 21 DMI (FRAC# 3) penthiopyrad Velista 0 .5–0 7. 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) polyoxin D Affirm 1 7 Polyoxin (FRAC# 19) Endorse 4 7 pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 1 .1 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) pyraclostrobin + trifloxystrobin Pillar G 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) tebuconazole Mirage Stressgard 1–2 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Tartan 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan Stressgard 1–2 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Diseases 95 Gray leaf spot

Table 45. Fungicides registered to control gray leaf spot (Pyricularia grisea) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 1–2 14–28 Heritage G 2–4 14–28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 14–28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5–4 .5 10–14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .5–0 .725 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex 1 .8–5 .03 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Daconil Weather Stik 2–5 .5 7–14 Daconil Zn 3–8 7–14 Echo 720 2–3 .6 7–14 Echo Ultimate 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Echo Zn 3–5 7–14 Chlorothalonil 720 2–3 .6 7–10 Chlorothalonil 82 .5 1 .8–5 7–14 WDG Chlorothalonil 500ZN 3–7 9. 7–10 Chlorothalonil 2 12–5. .5 7–10 720SFT Chlorothalonil DF 1 .8–3 .2 7–10 Pegasus 6L 2–3 .6 7–14 Pegasus DFX 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Pegasus HPX 2–3 .6 7–14 chlorothalonil + acibenzolar-S-methyl Daconil Action 2–3 .5 7–10 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 4–5 .4 14 BTH (FRAC# P1) chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 3–5 9. 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) chlorothalonil + propiconazole Concert 3–5 .5 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 5 .5–8 .5 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + propiconazole + Instrata 2 75–6. 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) fludioxonil DMI (FRAC# 3) Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl Peregrine 4–8 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Spectro 3 .72–5 .76 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) TM/C 2–6 14–21 fludioxonil Medallion 0 .25–0 .5 14 Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) Medallion SC 1–2 14 fluopyram + trifloxystrobin Exteris 2 135–6. 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 18–0. .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–28 Fame 0 18–0. .36 14–28 continued on next page

96 Diseases Table 45 continued. Fungicides registered to control gray leaf spot (Pyricularia grisea) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .25–1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) mancozeb Fore 8 7–14 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Dithane 6 .4–12 .8 7–14 Pentathlon DF 8 7 Pentathlon LF 9–14 5 Wingman 8 7 Wingman 4L 9–14 10 metconazole Tourney 0 .37 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 1 .2–2 .4 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 1 .2–2 .4 14 Siskin 1 .2–2 .4 14 penthiopyrad Velista 0 .7 SDHI (FRAC# 7) propiconazole Banner MAXX 1–2 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 1–2 14 Kestrel MEX 1–2 14 Propiconazole 1–2 14 Savvi 1–2 14 Strider 1–2 14 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .5–0 9. 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .4–0 7. 14–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) tebuconazole Torque 0 .6–1 .1 21 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 14–28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 6–9 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 4–6 14 3336 F 4–6 14 3336 Plus 4–8 14–28 3336 WP 4–6 14 TtoBird 4 .5L 1–2 14 TtoBird 85WDG 2 .35–3 .53 14 TM 462 3 .5–5 .3 14 TM 4 .5 3 .5–5 .3 14 TM 85WDG 2 .4–3 .6 14 triademefon Bayleton 50 0 .5–1 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 0 .5–1 14 triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Armada 0 .6–1 .2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan 1–2 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Tartan Stessgard 1–2 14–28 trifloxystrobin Compass 0 15–0. .25 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Diseases 97 Large patch

Table 46. Fungicides registered to control large patch (Rhizoctonia solani) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 2 14–28 Heritage G 2–4 14–28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 4 .5 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .3–0 .725 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chloroneb Teremec SP 5 21–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Teremec SP 2 9F. 9 21–28 chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 3–5 9. 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) chlorothalonil + iprodione + thiophanate- Enclave 3–4 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) methyl + tebuconazole Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) MBC (FRAC# 1) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl Peregrine 4–8 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Spectro 3–5 76. 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 .28–0 .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–28 Fame 0 .28–0 .36 14–28 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .5–1 21–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) flutolanil Prostar 2 .2 30 SDHI (FRAC# 7) fluxapyroxad Xzemplar 0 .21–0 .26 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) iprodione 26GT 4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Chipco 26019 FLO 4 14–28 Iprodione Pro 4 14–21 Iprodione SPC 4 30 Ipro 2SE 4 14–21 Ipro 2 4 14–21 Raven 4 30 iprodione + thiophanate-methyl 26/36 2–4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Dovetail 1–4 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) iprodione + trifloxystrobin Interface 4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Interface Stressgard 4 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) metconazole Tourney 0 .37 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) continued on next page

98 Diseases Table 46 continued. Fungicides registered to control large patch (Rhizoctonia solani) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code myclobutanil Eagle 2 .4 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 2 .4 28 Siskin 2 .4 28 PCNB Turfcide 10G 7 .5 21–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Turfcide 400 16–24 21–28 PCNB + tebuconazole Oreon 6–8 14–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) DMI (FRAC# 3) penthiopyrad Velista 0 .7 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) polyoxin D Affirm 0 .88 7–14 Polyoxin (FRAC# 19) Endorse 4 7–14 propiconazole Banner MAXX 3–4 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 3–4 14–28 Kestrel MEX 3–4 14–28 Propiconazole 3–4 14–28 Savvi 3–4 14–28 Strider 3–4 14–28 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .5–0 9. 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .4–0 7. 14–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 1 .1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) tebuconazole Torque 0 .6–1 .1 21 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 1 .5–6 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 2–4 14 3336 F 2–4 14 3336 Plus 2–4 14–28 3336 WP 2–4 14 TtoBird 4 .5L 1–2 14 TtoBird 85WDG 0 .67–1 .3 14 TM 462 2–3 .5 14 TM 4 .5 2–3 .5 14 TM 85WDG 1 .2–2 .4 14 triademefon Bayleton 50 1–2 Early fall, early DMI (FRAC# 3) spring Bayleton FLO 1–2 Early fall, early spring triticonazole Trinity 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Triton 70WDG 0 15–0. .3 14–28 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Diseases 99 Leaf spot/melting out

Table 47. Fungicides registered to control leaf spot/melting out (Curvularia spp., Exserohilum spp.) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 1–2 14–21 Heritage G 2–4 14–21 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 14–21 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–21 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5–4 .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .5–0 .725 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex 1 .8–5 7–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Daconil Weather Stik 2–5 .5 7–21 Daconil ZN 3–8 7–21 Echo 720 2–3 .6 7–14 Echo Ultimate 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Echo Zn 3–5 7–14 Chlorothalonil 720 2–3 .6 7–21 Chlorothalonil 82 .5 1 .8–5 7–21 WDG Chlorothalonil 500ZN 3–7 9. 14 Chlorothalonil 720 SFT 2 12–3. .5 7–10 Chlorothalonil DF 1 .8–3 .2 7–21 Pegasus 6L 2–3 .6 7–14 Pegasus DFX 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Pegasus HPX 2–3 .6 7–14 chlorothalonil + acibenzolar-S-methyl Daconil Action 2 7–10 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 2–3 .5 7–21 BTH (FRAC# P1) 4–5 .4 14 chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 3–5 9. 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) chlorothalonil + propiconazole Concert 3–5 .5 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) 5 .5–8 .5 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + propiconazole + Instrata 2 75–6. 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) fludioxonil DMI (FRAC# 3) Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl Peregrine 4–8 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Spectro 3 .72–5 .76 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) TM/C 2–6 14–21 fluazinam Secure 0 .5 14 FRAC# 29 fludioxonil Medallion 0 .25–0 .5 14–21 Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) Medallion SC 1–2 14–21 fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 18–0. .36 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–21 Fame 0 18–0. .36 14–21 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .25–1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) continued on next page

100 Diseases Table 47 continued. Fungicides registered to control leaf spot/melting out (Curvularia spp., Exserohilum spp.) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) iprodione 26GT 3–4 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Chipco 26019 FLO 3–4 14–28 Iprodione Pro 2–4 14–28 Iprodione SPC 3–4 30 Ipro 2SE 3–4 14–28 Ipro 2 3–4 14–28 Raven 3–4 30 iprodione + thiophanate-methyl 26/36 2–4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Dovetail 1–4 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) iprodione + trifloxystrobin Interface 3–5 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Interface Stressgard 3–5 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) mancozeb Fore 4 7–14 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Dithane 4 10 Pentathlon DF 6–8 7–14 Pentathlon LF 10–14 7–14 Protect 6–8 7–14 mancozeb Wingman 6–8 7–14 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Wingman 4L 9 .6–12 .8 7–14 myclobutanil Eagle 1 .2 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 1 .2 14 Siskin 1 .2 14 PCNB Turfcide 10G 5–7 .5 21–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Turfcide 400 11–16 21–28 penthiopyrad Velista 0 .3–0 .5 14 SDHI (FRAC# 7) polyoxin D Affirm 0 .88 7–14 Polyoxin (FRAC# 19) Endorse 4 7–14 propiconazole Banner MAXX 1–2 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 1–2 14 Kestrel MEX 1–2 14 Propiconazole 1–2 14 Savvi 1–2 14 Strider 1–2 14 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .5–0 9. 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .4–0 7. 14–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 6–9 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 4–6 14 3336 F 4–6 14 3336 Plus 4–8 14–28 3336 WP 4–6 14 thiram Spotrete 3 75–7. .5 3–10 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Armada 0 .6 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan 1–2 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Tartan Stressgard 1–2 14–28 trifloxystrobin Compass 0 7–0. .25 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) vinclozolin Curalan 1 14–28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Touche 1 14–28 1: Product amounts represented in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Diseases 101 Michrodochium patch

Table 48. Fungicides registered to control microdochium patch (Microdochium nivale) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 10–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 2 10–28 Heritage G 4 10–28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 14–28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5–4 .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .5–0 .725 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex 1 .8–5 .03 21–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Chlorothalonil 720 5 .5 21–28 Chlorothalonil 82 .5 5 21–28 WDG Echo 720 5 .5 21–28 Echo Ultimate 5 21–28 Echo Zn 8 21–28 chlorothalonil + acibenzolar-S-methyl Daconil Action 5 .4 21–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) BTH (FRAC# P1) chlorothalonil + propiconazole Concert 8 .5 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl Peregrine 6–8 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Spectro 3 .72–5 .76 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) TM/C 6–8 Fall before BTH (FRAC# P1) dormancy DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + iprodione + thiophanate- Enclave 7–8 28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) methyl + tebuconazole Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) MBC (FRAC# 1) DMI (FRAC# 3) fenarimol Rubigan 4 30 DMI (FRAC# 3) fluazinam Secure 0 .5 14 FRAC# 29 fludioxonil Medallion 0 .5 Fall before Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) Medallion SC 2 dormancy fluopyram + trifloxystrobin Exteris 4 135–12. .6 10–14 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 18–0. .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–28 Fame 0 18–0. .36 14–28 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .5–1 21–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) continued on next page

102 Diseases Table 48 continued. Fungicides registered to control microdochium patch (Microdochium nivale) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code iprodione 26GT 4–8 Fall before Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) dormancy Chipco 26019 FLO 4–8 14–21 Iprodione Pro 4–8 Fall before Iprodione SPC 4–8 dormancy Ipro 2SE 4–8 14–21 Ipro 2 4–8 14–21 Raven 4–8 30 iprodione + thiophanate-methyl 26/36 2–4 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) MBC Dovetail 1–4 14–21 (FRAC# 1) iprodione + trifloxystrobin Interface 4–7 14–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) Inteface Stressgard 4–7 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) mancozeb Fore 6–8 14–42 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Dithane 6–8 14–42 Pentathlon DF 6–8 14–42 Pentathlon LF 10–14 14–42 Protect 6–8 7–14 Wingman 6–8 14–42 Wingman 4L 10–14 14–42 Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–28 metconazole Tourney 0 .37–0 .44 Fall before DMI (FRAC# 3) dormancy myclobutanil Eagle 1 .2–2 .4 Fall before DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 1 .2–2 .4 dormancy Siskin 1 .2–2 .4 PCNB Turfcide 10G 5–7 .5 Fall before Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Turfcide 400 12–16 dormancy PCNB + tebuconazole Oreon 6–8 14–28 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) DMI (FRAC# 3) polyoxin D Affirm 0 .88 7–14 Polyoxin (FRAC# 19) Endorse 4 7–14 propiconazole Banner MAXX 2–4 Fall before DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 2–4 dormancy Kestrel MEX 2–4 Propiconazole 2–4 Savvi 2–4 Strider 2–4 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .5–0 9. 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .7 14–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) tebuconazole Torque 0 .6–1 .1 Fall before DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 dormancy Skylark 0 .6 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 10–14 continued on next page

Diseases 103 Table 48 continued. Fungicides registered to control microdochium patch (Microdochium nivale) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 3–6 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 2–4 14 3336 F 2–4 14 3336 Plus 2–4 14–28 3336 WP 2–4 14 TtoBird 4 .5L 1–2 14 TtoBird 85WDG 0 .67–1 .3 14 TM 462 2–3 .5 14 TM 4 .5 2–3 .5 14 TM 85WDG 1 .2–2 .4 14 triademefon Bayleton 50 1–2 60–90 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 1–2 60–90 triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Armada 1 .2 Fall before DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan 2 dormancy Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Tartan Stressgard 2 trifloxystrobin Compass 0 .2–0 .25 Fall before Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) dormancy triticonazole Trinity 0 .5–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .28–1 1. 10–14 Triton 70WDG 0 15–0. .3 Fall before dormancy vinclozolin Curalan 1 10–21 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Pythium

Table 49. Fungicides registered to control pythium (Pythium spp.) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .4 10–14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 2 10–14 Heritage G 2–4 10–14 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 10–14 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 10–14 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 10–14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 3 10–14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 chloroneb Teremec SP 4 5–7 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Teremec SP 2 9F. 7 5–7 chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 3–5 9. 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) cyazofamid Segway 0 .45–0 9. 14–21 Qil (FRAC# 21) etridiazole Koban 2–4 .5 10 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Terrazole 2–4 10–14 fluopicolide + propamocarb Stellar 1 .2 14 Benzamide (FRAC# 43) Carbamate (FRAC# 28) fluoxastrobin Fame 0 18–0. .36 7–14 Strobilurin (Qol, FRAC #11) continued on next page

104 Diseases Table 49 continued. Fungicides registered to control pythium (Pythium spp.) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .5–1 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .47 14 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fosetyl-Al Autograph 4 .6–9 .2 14–21 Phosphate (FRAC# 33) Fosetyl-Al 4–8 14–21 Signature 4–8 14–21 Signature Xtra 2–6 7–21 Viceroy 4 .6–9 .1 14–21 mancozeb Fore 8 5–14 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Dithane 8 10 Pentathlon DF 8 5 Pentathlon LF 14 5 mancozeb cont. Protect 8 7 Dithiocarbamate (FRAC# M3) Wingman 8 5 Wingman 4L 14 10 mefenoxam Subdue GR 12 .5–25 10–14 Phenylamide (FRAC# 4) Subdue MAXX 0 .5–1 10–21 Quell 0 .5–1 10–21 Fenox 0 .2–1 10–21 Mefenoxam 0 .2–1 10–21 potassium phosphite Appear 3–8 7–14 Phosphate (FRAC# 33) Quali-Phite F 3 .5–5 7 Fiata Stressgard 5–15 14–28 propamocarb Banol 1 .3–4 7–21 Carbamate (FRAC# 28) pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .9 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .7 10–14 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 1 .1 10–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot

Table 50. Fungicides registered to control rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot (Rhizoctonia zeae and R. oryzae) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 1–2 14–28 Heritage G 2–4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Renown 2 .5 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) 4 .5 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .5–0 .725 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 continued on next page

Diseases 105 Table 50 continued. Fungicides registered to control rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot (Rhizoctonia zeae and R. oryzae) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 0 75–1. .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chloroneb Teremec SP 3–4 10 Aromatic hydrocarbon (FRAC# 14) Teremec SP 2 9F. 5–7 7–10 chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex 1 .8–3 .25 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Daconil Weather Stik 2–5 .5 7–14 Daconil Zn 3–8 7–14 Chlorothalonil 720 2–3 .6 7–14 Chlorothalonil 82 .5 1 .8–5 7–14 WDG Chlorothalonil 500ZN 3–7 9. 7–14 Chlorothalonil 2 12–5. .5 7–14 720SFT chlorothalonil cont. Chlorothalonil DF 1 .8–3 .2 7–14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Pegasus 6L 3 .6–5 .5 7–14 Pegasus DFX 1 .82–3 .25 7–14 Pegasus HPX 2–3 .6 7–14 fenarimol Rubigan 1 .5 7–14 DMI (FRAC# 3) fludioxonil Medallion 0 .2–0 .5 7–14 Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) Medallion SC 0 75–2. 7–14 fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 .09–0 .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 1 .2–4 .6 14–28 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .25–1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) flutolanil Prostar 1 .5–3 14–21 SDHI (FRAC# 7) metconazole Tourney 0 .28–0 .37 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 1 .2 14–21 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 1 .2 14–21 Siskin 1 .2 14–21 penthiopyrad Velista 0 .3–0 .5 14 SDHI (FRAC# 7) polyoxin D Affirm 0 .88 7–14 Polyoxin (FRAC# 19) Endorse 4 7–14 propiconazole Banner MAXX 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 1–2 14–28 Kestrel MEX 1–2 14–28 Propiconazole 1–2 14–28 Savvi 1–2 14–28 Strider 1–2 14–28 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .5–0 9. 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .4–0 7. 14–28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 1 .1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) tebuconazole Torque 0 .6 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 continued on next page

106 Diseases Table 50 continued. Fungicides registered to control rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot (Rhizoctonia zeae and R. oryzae) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 1 .5–6 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 2–4 14 3336 F 2–4 14 3336 Plus 2–8 14–28 3336 WP 2–6 14 TtoBird 4 .5L 1–2 14 TtoBird 85WDG 0 .67–1 .3 14 TM 462 2–3 .5 14 TM 4 .5 2–3 .5 14 TM 85WDG 1 .2–2 .4 14 triademefon Bayleton 50 0 .5–1 15–30 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 0 .5–1 15–30 trifloxystrobin Compass 0 15–0. .25 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) triticonazole Trinity 0 .5–1 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .41–1 .1 14–28 Triton 70WDG 0 15–0. .6 14–28 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Root decline/take-all root rot/take-all patch

Table 51. Fungicides registered to control root decline/take-all root rot/take-all patch (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .4 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 2 28 Heritage G 2–4 28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 14–28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .5–0 .725 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 3 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 3 .5–4 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 5 .9 28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fenarimol Rubigan 4–8 30 DMI (FRAC# 3) fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 .36 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 28 Fame 0 .36 28 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .5–1 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) mandestrobin Pinpoint 0 .31 14 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) continued on next page

Diseases 107 Table 51 continued. Fungicides registered to control root decline/take-all root rot/take-all patch (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code metconazole Tourney 0 .37 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 2 .4 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 2 .4 28 Siskin 2 .4 28 propiconazole Banner MAXX 2–4 Spring and fall DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 2–4 Kestrel MEX 2–4 Propiconazole 2–4 Savvi 2–4 Strider 2–4 pyraclostrobin Insignia 0 .9 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Insignia SC 0 .7 28 pyraclostrobin + boscalid Honor 1 .1 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) SDHI (FRAC# 7) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) tebuconazole Torque 0 .6–1 .1 Spring and fall DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 Skylark 0 .6 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 6–9 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 4–6 14 3336 F 4–6 14 3336 Plus 4–8 14–28 3336 WP 4–6 14 triademefon Bayleton 50 1–2 21–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 1–2 21–28 triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Armada 1 .2 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan Stressgard 1 .5–2 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) triticonazole Trinity 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Triton 70WDG 0 15–0. .3 14–28 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

108 Diseases Spring dead spot

Table 52. Fungicides registered to control spring dead spot (Ophiosphaerella narmari, O. korrea, and O. herpotricha) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 2 14–28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Strobe T 1 .5 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + iprodione + thiophanate- Enclave 3–4 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) methyl + tebuconazole 7–8 28 Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) MBC (FRAC# 1) DMI (FRAC# 3) chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 5 .9 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) fenarimol Rubigan 4 14–30 DMI (FRAC# 3) fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–28 Fame 0 .36 14–28 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .5–1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) metconazole Tourney 0 .37 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 2 .4 28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 2 .4 28 Siskin 2 .4 28 penthiopyrad Velista 0 .7 28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) propiconazole Banner MAXX 4 30 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 4 30 Kestrel MEX 4 30 Propiconazole 4 30 Savvi 4 30 Strider 4 30 tebuconazole Torque 0 .6 –1 .1 21 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 Mirage Stressgard 2 28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 6–9 14 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 4–6 14 3336 F 4–6 14 3336 Plus 4–6 14 3336 WP 4–6 14 TM 462 3 .5–5 .3 14 TM 4 .5 3 .5–5 .3 14 TM 85WDG 2 .4–3 .6 14 1: Product amounts represented in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Diseases 109 Summer patch

Table 53. Fungicides registered to control summer patch (Magnaportha poae) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code azoxystrobin Heritage 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Heritage TL 1–2 14–28 Heritage G 2–4 14–28 Strobe 2L 0 .38–0 77. 14–28 Strobe 50WG 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 azoxystrobin + acibenzolar-S-methyl Heritage Action 0 .2–0 .4 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) BTH (FRAC# P1) azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Briskway 0 .5–0 .725 14–21 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) azoxystrobin + propiconazole Headway 1 .5–3 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Headway G 2–2 .5 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) 3 .5–4 28 chlorothalonil + fluoxastrobin Disarm C 3–5 9. 14–28 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) chlorothalonil + propiconazole + Instrata 6 14 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) fludioxonil DMI (FRAC# 3) 11 28 Phenylpyrrole (FRAC# 12) chlorothalonil + iprodione + Enclave 3–4 14–21 Chloronitrile (FRAC# M5) thiophanate-methyl + tebuconazole Dicarboximide (FRAC# 2) 7–8 28 MBC (FRAC# 1) DMI (FRAC# 3) fenarimol Rubigan 2–4 30 DMI (FRAC# 3) fluoxastrobin Disarm 480SC 0 18–0. .36 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) Disarm G 2 .3–4 .6 14–28 Fame 0 18–0. .36 14–28 fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Disarm M 0 .25–1 14–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) fluxapyroxad Xzemplar 0 .26 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Lexicon 0 .34–0 .47 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) metconazole Tourney 0 .37 14 DMI (FRAC# 3) myclobutanil Eagle 1 .2–2 .4 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Myclobutanil 1 .2–2 .4 14–28 Siskin 1 .2–2 .4 14–28 penthiopyrad Velista 0 .3–0 .5 14–28 SDHI (FRAC# 7) propiconazole Banner MAXX 2–4 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Kestrel 2–4 14–28 Kestrel MEX 2–4 14–28 Propiconazole 2–4 14–28 Savvi 2–4 14–28 Strider 2–4 14–28 pyraclostrobin + triadimefon Tartan 2 21–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Pillar G 3 28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) DMI (FRAC# 3) continued on next page

110 Diseases Table 53 continued. Fungicides registered to control summer patch (Magnaportha poae) in turfgrasses Product/ Application Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 interval (days) FRAC code tebuconazole Torque 0 .6–1 .1 21 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tebuconazole 0 .6 28 Skylark 0 .6 28 Mirage Stressgard 1–2 14–28 thiophanate-methyl 3336 DG Lite 6–9 14–21 MBC (FRAC# 1) 3336 EG 4–6 14–21 3336 F 4–6 14–21 3336 Plus 4–8 14–28 3336 WP 4–6 14–21 TtoBird 4 .5L 5 14 TtoBird 85WDG 3 .53 14 TM 462 3 .5 to5 .3 14 TM 4 .5 3 .5 to5 .3 14 TM 85WDG 2 .4–3 .6 14–21 triademefon Bayleton 50 1–2 30 DMI (FRAC# 3) Bayleton FLO 1–2 30 trifloxystrobin Compass 0 .2–0 .25 21–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) triadimefon + trifloxystrobin Tartan 2 21–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Tartan Stressgard 2 21–28 Strobilurin (QoI, FRAC# 11) triticonazole Trinity 1–2 14–28 DMI (FRAC# 3) Triton FLO 0 .55–1 .1 14–28 Triton 70WDG 0 .3–0 .6 14–28 1: Product amounts in fl oz for liquid products and oz for granular products

Diseases 111 Nematicides registered for use in turfgrass

Nematodes are microscopic round worms that more, because nematodes impact turfgrass roots, are approximately 0.02 to 0.08 inches long and can injury is often not apparent until significant root be parasitic to plants by constricting or feeding on system damage has already occurred. Upon closer turfgrass roots. Plant parasitic nematode problems in inspection, turfgrass roots may be stunted, swollen, turfgrass occur primarily on golf courses, especially or blackened. When found and already established in on ultra-dwarf bermudagrass putting greens or hybrid turf, nematodes can cause significant damage and this bermudagrass fairways that are constructed on sandy is especially true under stressful environmental con- soil. Nematodes are also more of an issue in turf that ditions. As a result, it is important to collect and send is more intensively managed, mowed at lower heights, soil samples off to a reputable turfgrass disease and/or and is subjected to significant foot and equipment nematode laboratory for proper identification of nem- traffic. Nematode populations fluctuate seasonally atode species and populations as soon as injury is sus- and injury is often difficult to diagnose because the pected. A list of reputable laboratories can be found symptoms can be similar to drought stress, nutrient on page 2 of this publication. If nematodes are present deficiencies, or several turfgrass diseases. Affected above thresholds that warrant treatment, please refer areas may appear yellow, lose density, and not respond to Table 54 below for information on available nemati- appropriately to irrigation or fertilization. Further- cides registered for use in turfgrasses.

Table 54. Nematicides registered for control of nematodes in turfgrass (consult labels for specific species, use sites, and restrictions). Trade name Namatodes labeled Common name (Product/A) for application Use site Comments abamectin Avid 0 15. EC Sting nematode Golf course putting greens Existing stocks may be applied (57 fl oz) (Belonolaimus only (see comments) to golf course putting greens longicaudatus) under a 24(c) supplemental label until June 30, 2017 . Application is Ring nematode prohibited after that date . (Macroposthonia sp .) abamectin Divanem Turf-parasitic Golf course putting greens, Texas registration is pending . (3 125. to 12 .2 fl oz) nematodes tees, and fairways only Consult distributor or Syngenta representatives for updates . Apply to wet turf (dew or 0 1. inches of irrigation) and irrigate within 1 hour of application to move product through the thatch . Consult label for nozzle recommendations, spray volume, and maximum use rates continued on next page

112 Diseases Table 54 continued. Nematicides registered for control of nematodes in turfgrass (consult labels for specific species, use sites, and restrictions). Product/ Common name Trade name 1,000 sq ft1 Application interval (days) FRAC code Bacillus firmus Nortica 10WP Soil-inhabiting plant Sod production, lawns, Make initial applications at 35-50 (strain I-1582) (17 .5 to 50 lbs) parasitic nematodes sports fields, and golf lbs/acre and then consult label for including Cyst, Lance, courses (tees, greens, sequential rates at 4, 6, or 8 week Lesion Ring, Root-knot, fairways and rough) intervals . Deliver a minimum of 70 Sheath, Spiral, Sting, and lbs/acre/year . Stunt . For optimal results, irrigate the turf thoroughly to wash product from foliage to targeted root zone . dazomet Basamid Many; consult label for Golf courses, sports fields, Restricted Use Pesticide . (218 to 525 lbs) specific species commercial turf, residential Pre-plant control only . lawns, and sod farms Rate depends on soil texture, fumigation method, pests, etc . Consult label for specific information . fluensulfone Nimitz Pro G Root-rot, Sting, Lance, Golf courses, athletic fields, Treated areas should be irrigated (60 to 120 lbs) and Lesion nematodes residential and commercial after application to move active turf, and sod production ingredient into the root zone . Aerification prior to application has been shown to improve control . Consult label for maximum use rates and labeled turfgrass species . fluopyram Indemnify Soil-inhabiting plant Golf courses, sports fields, Irrigate within 24 hours after (0 195. to 0 .39 fl oz parasitic nematodes residential, institutional, application to depth of root-zone per 1,000 sq ft) including Sting, Stem- municipal, commercial turf, to be protected . Minimum of gall, Ring, Root-knot, and sod production . 14 days between applications, Awl, Cyst, and others . consult label for maximum annual use rates . furfural Mulitguard Protect Root-infesting, plant- Root-infesting, plant- Apply up to 6 applications per (5 .5 to 8 gallons) parasitic nematodes parasitic nematodes year at 14-28 day intervals . Golf courses; tees and Consult label for specific greens, spot-treatment only restrictions on acreage treated, for fairways and roughs buffer zones, re-entry intervals, as well as sod farms and more . Curfew (1,3-dichloropropene) is a nematicide registered for use in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina by EPA 24(c) supplemental labels . Users in those states should consult their respective EPA 24 (c) label for specific instructions .

Diseases 113 Notes

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The information given herein is for educational purposes only . Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service is implied .

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