DOCSLIB.ORG

Phenoxy Reference Guide 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phenoxy Reference Guide 3 Phenoxy Reference Guide www.nufarm.com.au 3 Contents Introduction 4 Mode of Action 4 Cereal Crop Growth Stages (including Zadok’s guide) 5 A Numerical Cereal Growth Scale – Zadok’s 6 What Phenoxy Where? 6 Common Weeds Controlled 7 Using the Growth Stage of Cereal Crops to Time Herbicide Applications 8 Damage to Cereal Crops from Incorrect Phenoxy Herbicide Applications 9 Salvage Spraying of Winter Crops 10 Cereal Tolerance Guide 11-13 Plant Back Periods for Fallow Seed Bed Preparation 14-15 Spray Grazing 16 Withholding Periods 16 Reducing Off-Target Herbicide Drift 16-19 Herbicide Resistance Management 20 4 Introduction At Nufarm, we are committed to supporting Australian growers Phenoxys were first developed in the USA in the early 1940’s with the highest quality crop protection and weed control and used commercially in 1946. Today they remain amongst products so maximum outputs can be achieved. the world’s most widely used herbicides, providing farmers and other users with broadleaf weed control in a multitude of Our commitment starts with the utilisation of world-leading agricultural and non-agricultural uses. Phenoxys work by manufacturing and environmental control technology. This is disrupting plant cell growth and form a part of the Group I reflected in research and development, container management, herbicides. and the establishment of regional service centres across Australia. Nufarm guarantees its Phenoxy products, which include Nufarm Amicide® 625, Nufarm Estercide® 800, Nufarm LV Nufarm, an Australian company, is a global leader in the Estercide® 600, Nufarm Surpass® 300, Nufarm Buttress®, manufacture, supply and marketing of 'phenoxys', with Baton®, Nufarm LVE MCPA and Nufarm MCPA 500. manufacturing plants in Australia (Melbourne), England (Belvedere), Austria (Linz) and the Netherlands (Botlek). Mode of Action Phenoxy herbicides mimic the plant growth regulator indol-3- concentrations are highly regulated in plants by synthesis, acetic acid (IAA), or auxin in plants, thus it is necessary to degradation and both reversible and non-reversible review the function of auxin in plants to properly understand conjugation. Synthesis increases the IAA content, while their mechanism of action. degradation decreases it. Conjugation, which is the linking of IAA to another molecule, frequently an amino acid, inactivates Role of Auxins in Plants – Auxin is a plant growth IAA. However, if conjugation is reversible, it may act as a slow regulator that controls cell enlargement, division and plant release mechanism for maintaining relatively constant IAA development through the plant life cycle. levels. While much remains to be unravelled about the workings of Auxin Herbicide Mode of Action – Auxinic IAA, it is known that IAA binds to auxin binding proteins (ABPs) herbicides (‘phenoxys’) presumably bind to some or all of the located in the following: same sites as naturally occurring IAA and cause similar effects. • The cell membrane However, the amount of auxinic herbicides available to the • The endoplasmic reticulum (an internal cellular membrane plant is uncontrolled and, thus, auxin-like activity is unchecked. system) Plant growth becomes deregulated. • The cell nucleus Metabolic reserves are mobilized and transported to the site of • The cytoplasm growth, usually meristematic regions. Unregulated growth leads to twisting, thickening and elongation of leaves and The control of growth that IAA exerts is multifunctional. stems. Auxinic herbicides are active primarily in growing Changes induced by IAA cause rapid changes in cell plants. Plant death is gradual, due to the unconstrained elongation and both rapid and slow changes in gene mobilisation of reserves, the breakdown of repair mechanisms expression. Auxins influence other growth regulators including and, finally, the loss of function. cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene (a gas that functions as a plant growth regulator). Source: "How Herbicides Work: Biology to Application", Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development. The concentration of IAA in plant cells regulates cell growth. However, plant tissues differ in their sensitivity. Depending on tissue type and IAA concentration, IAA may either inhibit or stimulate a response. IAA is a component of a carefully balanced system. IAA Nufarm Phenoxy Reference Guide www.nufarm.com.au 5 Cereal Crop Growth Stages (including Zadok’s guide) Crop 2-leaf stage Start of tillering Tillering stage Fully tillered stage Start of jointing Early boot stage growth Two leaves (L) First tiller (T1) Tillers come from Usually no more tillers Jointing or node The last leaf to form – the stage have unfolded; appears from the base where form after the very formation starts at the flag leaf – appears on top third leaf present, between a lower leaves join the young head starts end of tillering. Small of the extended stem. The yet to fully leaf and the main stem and continue forming in the main tiller. swellings – joints – form developing head can be felt expand shoot. Usually 3 or forming, usually Tillering completed at the bottom of the as a swelling in the stem. 4 leaves are on the until there are 5 when first node detected main tiller. Heads main tiller. leaves on the main at base of main stem. continue developing shoot. Secondary and can be seen by roots developing. dissecting a stem. Zadok’s 2 leaves unfolded 4 leaves unfolded 5 leaves on main 6 leaves on the main Z35-Z45. decimal (Z12) (Z14). shoot or stem shoot or stem (Z16). First node formed at code Main shoot and 1 (Z15). Main shoot Main shoot and three base of main tiller (Z31). tiller (Z21). and 1 tiller (Z21). tillers (Z23). Herbicide Suitable stage for Suitable stage for Suitable for Many herbicides can Suitable for 2,4-D No herbicide should be spraying spraying many spraying at the 3-4 spraying many be sprayed up to the spraying. applied at this stage. Too stage herbicides, but too leaf stage. Too early herbicides at the end of tillering. Suitable late for 2,4-D application early for 3 leaf for the 5 leaf stage 5 leaf tillering for 2,4-D spraying. except harvest aid stage of application. of application. stage. applications. • There is no difference between spring wheat varieties sown on the same day in the rate of appearance of new leaves. • At the early boot stage, the last flowering part - the pollen - is being formed. This occurs earlier in barley than in wheat or triticale. Source: ‘Weed Control in Winter Crops 2004’, NSW Agriculture. 6 A Numerical Cereal Growth Scale – Zadok’s A decimal scale describing cereal crop growth stages is now The main stages of interest to cereal producers applying widely used. This scale, called Zadok’s decimal code, herbicides are: describes the principal growth stages: 1 Seedling Growth 2 Tillering 3 Stem Elongation 4 Booting 0 Germination 4 Booting 7 Milk Development Zadok’s scale is based on the individual plant, not the general 1 Seedling Growth 5 Ear Emergence 8 Dough Development appearance of the crop. Therefore, to use the scale, a 2 Tillering 6 Flowering 9 Ripening representative selection of plants should be examined from a 3 Stem Elongation paddock. Each primary growth stage is further subdivided into secondary Other commonly referred to growth stages: stages extending the scale from 00 to 99. 3 leaf: 3 fully unfolded leaves on the main shoot only. Zadok 13. The first number represents the growth stage and the following number indicates the number of plant parts, e.g. Z12 indicates Double ridge – when the cereal plant changes from leaf production to ear initiation, normally around 4-6 leaves on the a young plant with only two leaves fully unfolded, commonly main stem. Zadok 14-16. referred to as 2 leaf stage. See the first diagram in Cereal Crop Growth Stages (p5). 5 leaf: 5 fully unfolded leaves on the main shoot only. Zadok 15. A series of pairs of numbers can be used to further describe the Tillering: Tiller formation period. Plants past seedling stage and growth stage. For example 14/21 indicates the main tiller with before stem elongation. Zadok 21 to 29. See the diagrams in 4 fully unfolded leaves, commonly referred to as the 4 leaf Cereal Crop Growth Stages. stage, but this plant has the main stem and one more tiller. Note that additional tillers are counted separately to the main tiller. Jointing: Crop becoming erect or booting up to the stage when See the second diagram in Cereal Crop Growth Stages. the flag leaf is just visible. Zadok 31 to 39. See the fifth diagram in Cereal Crop Growth Stages. Boot: Head plainly felt in the stem before head emergence. Zadok 35 to 45. See the sixth diagram in Cereal Crop Growth Stages. What Phenoxy Where? Product Summer Tank mix Tankmix Tankmix Tankmix Post-em tank Tankmix most Spray/Graze in Early post-em Late post-em Weeds / SpraySeed®2 Roundup® diuron grass mix with SU trace pasture in cereals in cereals melons herbicides herbicides elements MCPA 500 0 0 X ✔ X ✔ X ✔ ✔ 0 LVE MCPA 0 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 0 ✔ 0 Amicide® 625 ✔ ✔ X ✔ X ✔ X ✔ X ✔ LV Estercide® ✔ ✔ ✔ 0 X ✔ ✔ X X ✔ 600 Estercide® 800 ✔ ✔ ✔ 0 X 0 ✔ X X 0 Buttress® 0 0 X ✔ X 0 X ✔ X X Surpass® 300 0 0 ✔ 0 X 0 X 0 X 0 ✔ Recommended 0 Not preferred X Not recommended option Nufarm Phenoxy Reference Guide www.nufarm.com.au 7 Common Weeds Controlled Amicide® 625 Buttress® Estercide® 800 LV Estercide® 600 LVE MCPA MCPA 500 Surpass® 300 Bathurst Burr 800ml-2.2L 1.0-3.2L 700ml-2.8L 900ml-3.7L 1.6L 1.0-2.0L 1.6-2.3L Bladder Ketmia Capeweed 1.1-2.8L 2.1-3.2L 450ml-1.4L 600ml-3.7L 1.7L 2.1L 2.9-5.8L Erodium 1.4-3.2L 700ml 900ml 400-500ml (in mix)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evolution of Resistance to Auxinic Herbicides: Historical Perspectives, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Implications for Broadleaf Weed Management in Agronomic Crops J
    Weed Science 2011 59:445–457 Evolution of Resistance to Auxinic Herbicides: Historical Perspectives, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Implications for Broadleaf Weed Management in Agronomic Crops J. Mithila, J. Christopher Hall, William G. Johnson, Kevin B. Kelley, and Dean E. Riechers* Auxinic herbicides are widely used for control of broadleaf weeds in cereal crops and turfgrass. These herbicides are structurally similar to the natural plant hormone auxin, and induce several of the same physiological and biochemical responses at low concentrations. After several decades of research to understand the auxin signal transduction pathway, the receptors for auxin binding and resultant biochemical and physiological responses have recently been discovered in plants. However, the precise mode of action for the auxinic herbicides is not completely understood despite their extensive use in agriculture for over six decades. Auxinic herbicide-resistant weed biotypes offer excellent model species for uncovering the mode of action as well as resistance to these compounds. Compared with other herbicide families, the incidence of resistance to auxinic herbicides is relatively low, with only 29 auxinic herbicide-resistant weed species discovered to date. The relatively low incidence of resistance to auxinic herbicides has been attributed to the presence of rare alleles imparting resistance in natural weed populations, the potential for fitness penalties due to mutations conferring resistance in weeds, and the complex mode of action of auxinic herbicides in sensitive dicot plants. This review discusses recent advances in the auxin signal transduction pathway and its relation to auxinic herbicide mode of action. Furthermore, comprehensive information about the genetics and inheritance of auxinic herbicide resistance and case studies examining mechanisms of resistance in auxinic herbicide-resistant broadleaf weed biotypes are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Please Use Caution When Applying Herbicides Near Wine Grapes
    Please Use Caution When Applying Herbicides Near Wine Grapes Phenoxy herbicides are very damaging to grapevines Grapevines are extremely sensitive to the application of certain herbicides commonly used by farmers and homeowners, especially phenoxy herbicides. Phenoxy herbicides include 2,4-D, MCPA, Crossbow, Banvel, Garlon, Weed-B-Gone, and Brush Killer, among others. The active ingredient of phenoxy-type herbicides may be listed on the label in “weed and feed” and brush control products for use in home landscaping as 2,4-dichlorophenoxy- acetic acid (2,4-D), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, triclopyr, or dicamba. Sensitivity to phenoxy herbicides exists throughout the grapevine's growing season (mid-March through October). Grapevines are most vulnerable from the early growing season through the bloom and fruit set period (mid-March through June). Phenoxy herbicides do not require a pesticide license for purchase in Oregon and are readily available from home improvement stores, garden centers, retail nurseries, etc. This family of herbicides is very effective and economical for controlling broadleaf weeds. These herbicides are commonly used on a variety of sites such as lawns, golf courses, rights-of-way and agricultural fields and by homeowners. Two forms of spray drift can damage grapevines Drift of spray droplets: Small particles can move with the wind, land on grapes, and be absorbed into the grapevines through the cuticle on the leaf. The smaller the droplet, the further it will travel. Vapor drift: Volatile herbicides may produce vapors that are carried several miles from the target area. Herbicide particles or vapors may be moved from the application site by wind, shifting air currents, climatic inversions or using high pressures when spraying.
    [Show full text]
  • INSECT, WEED, Anddisease CONTROL in TURFGRASS
    SC-039 5/17 WEED,INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS 2017–18 WEED, INSECT, and DISEASE CONTROL in TURFGRASS Editor Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Authors Casey Reynolds, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Matt Elmore, Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Young-Ki Jo, Associate Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Diane Silcox Reynolds, Post-doctoral Research Associate, Entomology AggieTurf: http://aggieturf.tamu.edu Contents Introduction . 1 Herbicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification . 3 Herbicides for general control of grassy and broadleaf weeds . 4 Preemergence herbicides for grassy and broadleaf weeds . 4 Selective postemergence herbicides . 9 Synthetic auxin postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds . 19 Product formulations containing synthetic auxin herbicides . 21 Nonsynthetic auxin postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds . 23 Nonselective herbicides for general weed control . 24 Herbicides for commonly occurring weeds . 25 Crabgrass (Digitaria spp ). 25 Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) . 27 Sandbur (Cenchrus spp ). 30 Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L ). 33 Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir ). 39 WEEDS Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp ). 41 Nutsedge (Cyperus spp ). and kyllinga (Kyllinga spp ). 43 Khakiweed and mat chafflower (Alternanthera spp ). 46 Herbicides containing sulfentrazone . 47 Herbicides containing quinclorac . 48 Turfgrass tolerance to postemergence herbicides . 49 Plant growth regulators . 51 Insect pests in turfgrasses . 53 Insecticide Mode of Action (MOA) classification . 55 Insecticides registered for use in turfgrasses . 56 Ants . 56 Armyworms . 58 Billbugs . 61 Black turfgrass ataenius . 63 Chinch bugs . 66 Cutworms . 69 Green June beetles . 72 Mealybugs . 74 Mites . 75 INSECTS Mole crickets . 76 Red imported fire ants . 79 Sod webworms . 81 White grubs . 84 Diseases in Texas turfgrasses . 86 Fungicide Mode of Action (MOA) classification .
    [Show full text]
  • PESTICIDES Criteria for a Recommended Standard
    CRITERIA FOR A RECOMMENDED STANDARD OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DURING THE MANUFACTURE AND FORMULATION OF PESTICIDES criteria for a recommended standard... OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DURING THE MANUFACTURE AND FORMULATION OF PESTICIDES * U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Center for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health July 1978 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 DISCLAIMER Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-174 PREFACE The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and provide for the safety of workers occupationally exposed to an ever-increasing number of potential hazards. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has implemented a formal system of research, with priorities determined on the basis of specified indices, to provide relevant data from which valid criteria for effective standards can be derived. Recommended standards for occupational exposure, which are the result of this work, are based on the effects of exposure on health. The Secretary of Labor will weigh these recommendations along with other considerations, such as feasibility and means of implementation, in developing regulatory standards. Successive reports will be presented as research and epideiriologic studies are completed and as sampling and analytical methods are developed. Criteria and standards will be reviewed periodically to ensure continuing protection of workers. The contributions to this document on pesticide manufacturing and formulating industries by NIOSH staff members, the review consultants, the reviewer selected by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), other Federal agencies, and by Robert B.
    [Show full text]
  • Item N Number °3632 D N0t Scanned
    3632 item n Number ° D n0t scanned Author House, W.B. Corporate Author Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri Report/Article TltlB Assessment of Ecological Effects of Extensive or Repeated Use of Herbicides Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Color D Number of Images 386 DescrlOtOU NOtBS Project monitored by the Department of the Army under contract no. DAHC15-68-C-0119; ARPA Order No. 1086 Monday, December 31, 2001 Page 3632 of 3802 UNCLASSIFIED AD 824 314 ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXTENSIVE OR REPEATED USE bF H2RBICIDES: FINAL REPORT Midwest Research Institute Kansas City, Missouri Processed for. .. DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER DEFENSE SUPPLY AGENCY FOR FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS / INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY UNCLASSIFIED ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXTENSIVE OR REPEATED USE OF HERBICIDES FINAL REPORT 15 August - 1 December 1967 Contract No. DAHC15-68-C-0119 MRI Project No. 3103-B Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA Order No. 1086 MIDV i: '':«'; RIL.GF-1- '< ;H iNi.-iTITUTH 42S VOLKER BOULEVARD/KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 6411O/AC 816 LO 1-O2O2 This research was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense and was monitored by Department of Army under Contract No. DAHCl5-68-C-Oll9._ Reproduced by the CLEARINGHOUSE | for Federal Scientific & Technical > Information Springfield Va. 221S1 Disclaimer: The findings in this report are not to be construed as an of- ficial position of the Department of Army, unless so designated "by other authorized documents. WST., ) AVAIL ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXTENSIVE OR REPEATED USE OF HERBICIDES by W.
    [Show full text]
  • Long Island Pesticide Pollution Prevention Strategy
    LONG ISLAND PESTICIDE POLLUTION PREVENTION STRATEGY New York State Department of Environmental Conservation July 11, 2014 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LONG ISLAND PESTICIDE POLLUTION PREVENTION STRATEGY NYS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 7/11/2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Challenge of Pesticide Use and Groundwater on Long Island………………….. ES-1 Pesticide Pollution Prevention Goal…………………………………………………. ES-3 Pesticide P2 Blueprint………….…………………………………………………….. ES-4 Summary of Long Island P2 Strategy Contents……………………………………… ES-8 CHAPTER 1: GOAL, PHILOSOPHY AND PURPOSE .......................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW: GROUNDWATER AND PESTICIDE USE ON LONG ISLAND Introduction……………………….…………………………………………….…………2 Groundwater and the Importance of Protecting It…………………………………….......2 Overview of Pesticide Use on Long Island……………………….…………….…………4 Pesticides Impacting Groundwater on Long Island…………………………………….....8 Water Quality Criteria…………………………...………………………………..……...11 CHAPTER 3: ACTION PLAN TO IMPLEMENT THE LONG ISLAND PESTICIDE POLLUTION PREVENTION STRATEGY Pesticide Pollution Prevention……………………………………………………….......14 A Pesticide P2 Blueprint …………………………………………………………...........14 Conduct Initial Assessment of Specific Active Ingredients and Pesticide P2 Needs …..18 Maximize Use of Water Quality Monitoring for Pesticides………..………………...….19 Establish, Convene and Chair Pesticide P2 Workgroups………...……………….…......20 P2 Workgroups Consider Specified Active Ingredients and Related P2……….……......24 DEC
    [Show full text]
  • 5. Key Post-Emergent Modes of Action
    5. KEY POST-EMERGENT MODES OF ACTION When new mode of action herbicides are first introduced, of this enzyme is reduction in the production of fatty acids manufacturers typically provide robust formulations and use required for construction of cell membranes needed for rates. There is often a high level of “forgiveness” in the label. new cell production. As resistant populations are selected over time, there is The ACCase enzyme in most broadleaf plants is insensitive sometimes a period where the herbicide may still be useful, to herbicides from this herbicide mode of action, and hence albeit with reduced performance. In these situations of low- there is acceptable crop tolerance in most broadleaf crops level or emerging resistance, it is critical that users seek to and no efficacy on most broadleaf weeds. Some exceptions maximise application conditions to ensure everything possible exist. For example, haloxyfop is able to control the broadleaf is done to enhance the herbicide performance. weed storksbill or geranium (Erodium spp.) while high rates of clethodim can damage canola, particularly when flowering. Understanding how each of the key modes of action available for post-emergent weed control work, how they The three sub-groups of Group A herbicides bind to the target enter and translocate in the plant, and what is required to enzyme at slightly different, and overlapping, amino acids. This differential binding can lead to differences in target site maximise efficacy is critical knowledge for maximising field herbicide resistance patterns both between and within the performance. sub groups (refer to the Acetyl CoA Carboxylase inhibitors This chapter coves the key modes of actions used for post- section under section 6.3.1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • MP44 Recommended Chemicals for Weed and Brush Control
    Crop, Situation, and Active Chemical Formulated Material Method of Application Per Broadcast Acre Weeds Controlled Per Broadcast Acre Time of Application and Precautions RICE For information on burndown herbicides see p. 22 and p. 26, WEED RESPONSE RATINGS FOR BURNDOWN HERBICIDES. Clearfield Rice System imazethapyr @ 0.063 to Red rice, barnyardgrass, broad­ Newpath 2 AS Preplant incorporated or pre emergence Use on Clearfield rice varieties only. Pre ferred 0.095 lb/A followed by leaf signalgrass, sprangletop, fall 4 to 6 oz/A ppi. Follow with 4 to followed by post emergence. Apply 4 oz/A method for soil application is preplant incorporated 0.063 to 0.095 lb/A panicum, yellow nutsedge. 6 oz/A post­ emergence. Add a non­ preplant incorporated up to 7 days prior to at the time of final seedbed preparation. Incorpo­ Suppression of some aquatic ionic surfactant to post­ application. planting or preemergence immediately rate during final seedbed preparation pass. Flush broadleaf species. The 6­oz rate may provide longer following planting. Apply post emergence for activation if rainfall does not occur within a few residual from a single application. treatment when rice is in 3­ to 5­leaf days of planting. Repeat flushing as needed to However, rates higher than 4 fol­ stage. Do not exceed 6 oz/A per applica­ keep soil­applied treatment active. Tank mixing lowed by 4 oz/A have not improved tion on conventional CL varieties and with propanil or other suitable products will be weed control when properly timed. 4 oz/A per application on CL hybrids.
    [Show full text]
  • Dicamba-Resistant Soybean and Cotton Varieties
    October 10, 2014 Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS Station 3A-03.8 4700 River Road, Unit 118 Riverdale, MD 20737- 1238 RE: Docket No. APHIS-2013-0043 Comments to USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on the Agency’s draft Environmental Impact Statement on Monsanto Petitions (10-188-01p and 12- 185-01p) for Determinations of Nonregulated Status for Dicamba-Resistant Soybean and Cotton Varieties Center for Food Safety, Science Comments I By: Bill Freese, Science Policy Analyst Notes on science comments These comments submitted by Center for Food Safety are one of three sets of comments from our organization. Legal comments and a second set of science comments are also being submitted separately. The references cited have been uploaded as supporting materials. The filenames for these documents match the citations in the text (e.g. Benbrook 2009a). A references section is included at the end. CFS has addressed many issues of relevance to this draft EIS in comments to the Environmental Protection Agency on the proposed registration of dicamba for use on these dicamba-resistant crops. We also submitted scoping comments for the draft EIS. These documents are being submitted as appendices, and will be referenced to in these comments as follows: Appendix A: CFS Science Comments to EPA on registration of dicamba for new use on MON 88701, dicamba- and glufosinate-resistant cotton, 1/18/2013 Main Office: 660 Pennsylvania Ave., S.E., Suite 302, Washington, D.C. 20003 Phone: 202-547-9359 Fax: 202-547-9429 California Office:
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Phenoxy Herbicide Damage to Grape Vineyards
    EM 8737 • Revised October 1999 Preventing Phenoxy Herbicide Damage to Grape Vineyards E. Hellman and J. Fults What are phenoxy This family of pesticides GrapevinesDATE. are herbicides? includes many very effective highly sensitive broadleaf weed killers. They are Phenoxy herbicides include Grapevines and many ornamen- used on lawns, golf courses, rights- 2,4-D, MCPA, Crossbow, Banvel, tal plants are extremely sensitive to of-way, and agricultural fields. OF Garlon, Weed-B-Gone, and Brush They are very popular for control- herbicides containing phenoxy- Killer. They also are the active type active ingredients. These ling blackberries and poison oak. ingredient (2,4-dichlorophenoxy- These products come in contain- plants are sensitive to phenoxy acetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chloro- herbicides throughout the growing ers ranging from 1-quartOUT bottles of phenoxyacetic acid, triclopyr, or ready-to-use solution to 5-gallon season, but grapevines are most dicamba) in “weed and feed” and vulnerable from the early growing drums of highly concentrated brush control products for use in active ingredient.IS They do not season through the bloom period the home landscape. (early April to mid-July). require a pesticide license for During the active shoot growth purchase and are readily available from department stores, home period, phenoxy damage often causes growth to stop temporarily improvement stores, co-ops, retail nurseries, farm chemical dealers, and to be retarded for several weeks. If the effects are not too etc. information:severe, normal growth will resume the same or following year. Severely injured vines may not recover for 2 years or more. Flower clusters are particularly sensitive; exposure during bloom can greatly reduce fruit set.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Rests with Its Author
    University of Bath PHD Studies into the modification of herbicide activity by chemical safeners and synergists Polge, Nicholas D. Award date: 1989 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 10. Oct. 2021 STUDIES INTO THE MODIFICATION OF HERBICIDE ACTIVITY BY CHEMICAL SAFENERS AND SYNERGISTS Submitted by Nicholas D Polge for the degree of Ph.D. of the University of Bath 1989 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be used without the prior written consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • HERBICIDE and Guide
    E.M. 3566, (Rev.) May 1975 HERBICIDE lnlorr~lalion and Guide COO PER A TIVE EXTEN SION SERVICE • COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE • WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY • PU LLMAN In cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture Issued in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by the Washin gton State Un iversity Coop~rl'tiv<> Exte nsion Service, J. 0. Young, DirPctor To simplify the presentation of information, it is sometimes necessary to use trade names. No endorse­ ment of products is intended nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. INTRODUCTION The weed control information presented in this publication includes the research developments as well as the practical experience of the following personnel of Washington State University and the Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Moreover, information based on work by weed scientists in other states, where applicable, is used. Contributor D. E. Bayer Plant Physiologist Davis Univ. of Calif. N. R. Benson Soil Scientist, Horticulturist Wenatchee Wash. State Univ. V. F. Bruns Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv. R. D. Comes Plant Physiologist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv. P. C. Crandall Horticulturist, Superintendent Vancouver Wash. State Univ. J. H . Dawson Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv. C. C. Doughty Associate Horticulturist Puyallup Wash. State Univ. R. L. Goss Agronomist, Extension Agronomist Puyallup Wash. State Univ. W. A. Haglund Plant Pathologist Mt. Vernon Wash. State Univ. Richard C. Maxwell Associate Agricultural Pullman Wash. State Univ. Chemicals Scientist T. J. Muzik Professor, Agronomist Pullman Wash. State Univ. Michael Newton Associate Professor Corvallis Oregon State Univ.
    [Show full text]