E.M. 3566, (Rev.) May 1975

HERBICIDE

lnlorr~lalion

and Guide

COO PER A TIVE EXTEN SION SERVICE • COLLEGE OF • WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY • PU LLMAN In cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture Issued in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by the Washin gton State Un iversity

Coop~rl'tiv<> Exte nsion Service, J. 0. Young, DirPctor To simplify the presentation of information, it is sometimes necessary to use trade names. No endorse­ ment of products is intended nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. INTRODUCTION

The weed control information presented in this publication includes the research developments as well as the practical experience of the following personnel of Washington State University and the Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Moreover, information based on work by weed scientists in other states, where applicable, is used.

Contributor

D. E. Plant Physiologist Davis Univ. of Calif.

N. R. Benson Soil Scientist, Horticulturist Wenatchee Wash. State Univ.

V. F. Bruns Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv.

R. D. Comes Plant Physiologist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv.

P. C. Crandall Horticulturist, Superintendent Vancouver Wash. State Univ.

J. H . Dawson Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv.

C. C. Doughty Associate Horticulturist Puyallup Wash. State Univ.

R. L. Goss Agronomist, Extension Agronomist Puyallup Wash. State Univ.

W. A. Haglund Plant Pathologist Mt. Vernon Wash. State Univ.

Richard C. Maxwell Associate Agricultural Pullman Wash. State Univ. Chemicals Scientist

T. J. Muzik Professor, Agronomist Pullman Wash. State Univ.

Michael Newton Associate Professor Corvallis Oregon State Univ.

A. G. Ogg Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv.

D. V. Peabody Associate Agronomist, Mt. Vernon Wash. State Univ. Extension Weed Scientist

W. C. Robocker Research Agronomist Pullman Agric. Res. Serv.

G. F. Ryan Associate Horticulturist Puyallup Wash. State Univ.

R. 0. Schirman Research Agronomist Pullman Agric. Res. Serv.

A. Y. Shawa Assistant Horticulturist, Long Beach Wash. State Univ. Area Extension Agent

D. G. Swan Associate Agronomist, Pullman Wash. State Univ. Extension Weed Scientist

There is no guarantee that use of the information in this publication will give satisfactory weed control and not cause plant injury or soil/plant residue problems. However, the research data upon which the information is based indicates that effective, economical control with no illegal residues may be expected. This, of course, occurs only if directions (in the publication and on the label) are carefully followed. Information on chemical weed control does not include herbicide uses which are not registered with the EPA or State Department of Agriculture.

Before using any weed control method, know what weed species are to be controlled and their growth habits as related to the desired crop. Thorough knowledge of the problems will help in the selection of a weed control method. Always evaluate whether a cultural, mechanical, chemical, or combination of these methods will give the most effective economical weed control.

CAUTION: If the decision is to use an herbicide, read and study the label. It is estimated that 5 to 10 million development dollars are spent to get the information printed on that label.

Check with the Washington State Department of Agriculture on spray orders for the area where the herbicide is to be used. Some are restricted in many areas of the state. ii

The term "recommendation" is not used. Instead, the accepted use herbicides are presented first under each crop. This information is derived -primarily from tests and use experience in Washington in which there is considerable confidence. Other Registered Herbicides lists those herbicides known to be registered but which are not ready for or never will be in the accepted use category for various reasons.

Wettable powder formulation precautions should be observed-wettable powders go into suspension, not solution. Therefore, constant agitation is required to keep the powder in suspension for uniform spraying. Mechanical agitation is preferred over hydraulic agitation. Line and nozzle strainers should be at least 50 mesh to permit free passage of the wettable powder spray mixture through the spraying system. Since wettable powders are abrasive, sprayers should be recalibrated frequently to assess their delivery.

REGULATORY INFORMATION

Federal and state pesticide regulations change frequently. Growers are advised to check with county agents or consultants for the latest information before applying any chemical. Growers are also advised to check with their buyers, processors, or packers before applying chemicals. In some cases, buyers and processors will not accept crops treated with certain materials, even though these materials are approved for use by federal and state agencies.

Pesticide Reentry Standards

Federal regulations have been set by the Environmental Protection Agency to protect workers entering fields treated with pesticides. These are summarized as follows.

1. Unprotected persons must not be allowed in areas being treated. Workers, other than those involved in the application, must not be exposed to drift.

2. Unprotected workers must not be permitted in fields treated with the following pesticides until the indicated number of hours has elapsed.

Houn Ethyl parathion 48 Methyl parathion 48 Guthion 24 Demeton (Systox) 48 Azodrin . 48 Phosalone (zolone) 24 Carbophenothion (Trithion) 48 Meta-Systox-R 48 EPN 24 Bidrin 48 Endrin 48 Ethion 24

3. Unprotected workers must not be permitted in field treated with pesticides other than those listed above until sprays have dried or dusts have settled.

4. Workers may enter treated fields prior to the expiration of reentry intervals provided protective clothing is worn. Protective clothing consists of a hat or other suitable head covering, a long-sleeved shirt, and long-legged trousers or a coverall type of garment (all of closely woven fabric covering the body, arms, and legs), shoes, and socks.

5. Appropriate and timely warnings must be given to workers who are expected to work in treated fields. Warnings may be given orally and/or by posting warning signs at the usual points of entrance to the field, and/or on bulletin boards at points where workers usually assemble.

6. Where label directions are more restrictive than the standards, the label directions take precedence.

7. It is the responsibility of the owner or lessee of the treated field to see that workers comply with the standards.

8. The standards do not apply to mosquito abatement treatments, greenhouse treatments, livestock and other animal treatments, and treatment of golf courses and similar nonagricultural areas. iii

Licensin~

Pesticide Dealer. Any individual acting as a pesticide dealer must obtain an annual license from the State Department of Agriculture.

Pesticide Dealer Manager. All licensed pesticide dealer outlets must employ a pesticide dealer manager who has passed an examination given by the State Department of Agriculture.

Pest Control Consultant. Any individual who offers recommendations, technical advice, or aid on the use of "highly toxic" or "restricted use" pesticides (those which may be sold only by licensed dealers) or on any other pesticides excert those packaged only for home and garden use must pass a qualifying examination given by the State Department of Agriculture and the license must be renewed yearly.

Pesticide Use Permits

State regulations restrict the use of 41 pesticides to commercial producers, commercial applicators, and government agencies and these are only to be sold by licensed pesticide dealers. Seventeen of these may be sold only to users who obtain

The purpose of the perm it is to make sure that the most dangerous pesticides are sold only to persons experiP'lCN'l in their use and aware of their hazards. Improper use can result in revocation of the permit.

Any pesticide dealer authorized by the State Department of Agriculture may issue a permit immediately before a sale. A licensed pesticide applicator does not need to obtain a permit.

Pesticides that require a permit are:

Bidrin DOD DDT D i-Syston-1 iqu id Endrin-2.5 percent and above Parathion and methyl parathion-1.1 percent and above Phosdrin Schradan (OMPA) Sodium arsenite Systox (demeton) Temik TEPP Thimet (phorate)-liquid Tordon-for some uses 2,4-0-all volatile formulations used in eastern Washington Z inophos

The distribution, use, or application of all high volatile ester formulations of 2,4 -0 is prohibited t.hr0ugho11t the state of Washington through December 31,1975.

The regulations spell out the responsibilities of every person who handles these and other hiahly to ic p•,.;ticides. For example, they cannot be transported in the same vehicle with food, clothing, or any other material intended for human or animal consumption. The pesticides and their containers cannot be discarded or stored in a manner that injures humans, plal"'t life, croos, livestock, wildlife, or pollinating insects or pollutes any water supply or waterway. They cannot be delivered unless the consi gneP or his agent is present to accept delivery and signs a delivery slip.

Complete state pesticide laws and regulations may be obtained frorn Pest !cide Aranch, Wash i n~ tn'1 Sta!P. D(>na rtment of Agriculture, Yakima County Courthouse, P.O. Box 617, Yakima, Washington 98907, or from 406 Genera l A. dm i n i stra~io n Building, Olympia, Wash ington 98504. iv

Tank Mixes

The Environmental Protection Agency has provided the following interpretation (PR Notice 73-1) with respect to tank mixes (combinations of two or more pesticides in the spray tank) and serial application of one pesticide immediately or shortly following the application of another.

"Tank mixes and serial applications may fall into one of several categories:

Category 1. Instructions provided for such use on one or more labels of EPA registered products;

Category 2. Such use may be covered by an intrastate registration;

Category 3. Various tank mixes and serial applications have been tested and recommended by Agricultural Experiment Stations, State Departments of Agriculture, or are common agricultural practices.

"Tank mixes or serial applications recommended on EPA labels (Category 1) are obviously consistent with the label and do not constitute use inconsistent with such label.

"Intrastate registrations remain va lid until replaced by EPA registrations under Section 3 of the amended FIFRA. This w ill occur generally after October 21, 1974, and be completed by October 1976, under the schedule spelled out in the law; or, by special actions taken by the Administrator in the form of orders bringing products under sole EPA registration at some earlier time. This latter action will occur primarily with respect to products containing the same active ingredients and registered intrastate for the same kinds of uses as the Administrator has cancelled or suspended in interstate commerce under the 1947 version of the FIFRA.

"Therefore, tank mixes and serial applications registered by a State (Category 2) will not be deemed uses inconsistent with the label."

" ... tank mixes and serial application in Category 3 will not be deemed use inconsistent with the label if:

a) the products in the mix are applied at a dosage rate not to exceed the label instructions for use of any product in the mix used singly for the same set of pests on the same crop; and

b) the label on one or more of the products does not explicitly instruct against such mixture.

"It must be recognized under Categories 2 and 3 that EPA has not reviewed any efficacy or human and envirnomental safety data on the combination of products and the user applies them in this manner at his own risk with respect to effects on crops and application equipment, applicator safety, environmental effects, and tolerance preharvest intervals. The policy of deeming such use not inconsistent with the label, must not be construed as EPA approval of the use.

"If adverse effects are observed from any particular tank mix or serial application, EPA may take appropriate action to rule the use of such specific mix or serial application to be inconsistent with label instructions on a case-by-case basis. The Agency will be watchful for any adverse effects that might accrue from any of above methods of application.

"This policy will be in effect until modified by further statements or regulations."

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL SITES

This list was prepared with the assistance of the Washington State Pest Control Consultant's Association and the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services.

Please not ify your county agent of changes that come to your attention so that this list may be kept as accurate and up to date as possible. Your cooperation will be appreciated.

For those counties where official sites are not yet designated, check with the local county health office, Environmental Health Division, for current advice.

ASOTIN COUNTY DOUGLAS COUNTY LOCATION : Clarkston landfill LOCATION: By appointment only 4 miles W. of Clarkston South end of Webb Rd., on Evans Rd. E. Wenatchee CONTACT: Clarkston City Government CONTACT: Dependable Disposal Service 758-5541 390 N. Main St. E. Wenatchee, WA 98801 CLARK COUNTY 884-3555 LOCATION: Vancouver Sanitary Service 9411 N.E. 94th Ave. GARFIELD COUNTY Vancouver, WA 98660 LOCATION : New landfill to open in January. Site unknown at this time v

GRANT COUNTY SKAGIT COUNTY LOCATION: NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of LOCATION : New Inman dump Sec 19, T 17, R 27 Sec 21, T 35N REW M Royal Slope- (from Chuckanut Drive at open 24 hours daily Allen go 2 1/2 miles W. on Allen West Road and KITTITAS COUNTY 1/2 mileS.) LOCATION: 11 miles E. of Ellensburg PERMISSION REQUIRED on Mundy Rd., 1 mile S. CONTACT: Engineers Office of 1-90, E. Kittitas Mon.-Fri. 8 :30-4:30 CONTACT: County Engineer 336-6147 Rm 105, Courthouse Ellensburg, WA 98926 SNOHOMISH COUNTY 925-5317 LOCATION: Warm Beach dump on Frank Waters Rd., LINCOLN COUNTY beyond Lake Goodwin LOCATION: Davenport landfill CONTACT: Director, Solid Waste Disposal 1/2 mile N. of Davenport 3001 Rockefeller Wed. & Sat. 9-5 Everett, WA 98201 259-9488 Govan landfill 6 miles W. of Wilbur on Hwy. 2 SPOKANE COUNTY Tues. 12-8, Sat. 8-4 LOCATION: Indian Trails disposal site

Harrington landfill Marshall disposal site 2 miles S. on old Odessa Hwy., cross RR, left Mica disposal site CONTACT: Notify attendant of Odessa landfill pesticides and containers 1/3 mile N. of Odessa on Odessa-Wilbur Hwy. WHA TCOM COUNTY LOCATION : Acme or Mosquito Lake Road dump CONTACT: Whatcom County Engineering Dept. OKANOGAN COUNTY 676-6730 or 384-5482 LOCATION: Okanogan landfill Mon. 12-8, Tues.-Sat. 9-5 YAKIMA COUNTY LOCATION: Terrace Heights site Tonasket landfill 5 miles E. of Yakima Tibbs Refuse Service on Terrace Heights Way 3 1/2 miles N. of Ellisforde Mon .-Fri. 9-4 Mon. 12-8, Tues.-Sat. 9-5 Cheyne disposal site Pateros dump 4 miles N. of Zillah on 2 miles S. on Hwy. 97 Cheyne Rd. open 24 hours daily Fridays only, 12-4

Twisp landfill Snipes Mountain site Mon .-Sat. 10-4 South end of Dekker Rd. CONTACT : Notify attendant of between Granger and pesticides and containers Sunnyside CONTACT : All sites REQUIRE PERMIT PIERCE COUNTY from attendant LOCATION : Orchard St., Tacoma vi

SAFETY CODE FOR HANDLING PESTICIDES

(Published by the National Agricultural Chemicals Association)

1. Always read the label before using sprays or dusts. Note 7. Wash hands and face and change to clean clothing after warnings and cautions each time before opening the spraying or dusting. Also wash clothing each day before container. reuse.

2. Keep sprays and dusts out of the reach of children, pets, 8. Cover food and water containers when treating around and irresponsible people. They should be stored outside of livestock or pet areas. Do not contaminate fish ponds. the home and away from food and feed. 9. Use separate equipment for applying hormone-type 3. Always store sprays and dusts in original containers and herbicides in order t o avoid accidental injury to susceptible keep them t ightly closed. Never keep them in anything but plants. the original container. 10. Always dispose of empty containers so they cannot harm 4. Never smoke while spraying or dusting. humans, animnls, or valuable plants.

5. Avoid inhaling sprays or dusts. When directed on label, 11. Observe label directions and cautions to keep residues on wear protective clothing and masks. edible portions of plants within the limits permitted by law.

6. Do not spill sprays or dusts on the skin or clothing. If they 12. If symptoms of illness occur during or shortly after are spilled, remove contaminated clothing immediately and spraying or dusting, call a physician or get the patient to a wash thoroughly. hospital immediately.

Where to Get Information on Pesticide Toxicity, Hazards, Treatment, Blood Cholinesterase Tests, Etc.

This information may be obtained from the Washington State Division of Health Services at the address given previously or from the Environmental Protection Agency, Field Studies Section, Tree Fruit Research Center, P.O. Box 219, Wenatchee, Washington 98801. Phone (509) 663-0031, Extension 243 or 244. Information can also be obtained from one of the following Poison Control Centers.

ABERDEEN St. Joseph's Hospital, 1006 North H Street (206) 533-0450 Ext. 277 & 278

OLYMPIA St. Peter Hospital, 413 North Lilly Road (206) 491-0222

RICHLAND Kadlec Hospital, 888 Swift Boulevard (509) 946-4611

SEATTLE Children's Orthopedic Hospital (206) 634-5252 4800 Sand Point Way, N.E.

SPOKANE Deaconess Hospital, West 800 5th Avenue (509) 747-1077 or 747-4811

TACOMA Mary Bridge Children's Hospital (206) 272-1281 311 South L Street

VANCOUVER St. Joseph's Hospital, 600 Northeast 92 Avenue (206) 256-2064

YAKIMA Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital (509) 248-4400 2811 Tieton Drive

REPORTING PESTICIDE ACCIDENTS

Prompt investigation of pesticide accidents, m isuse , or poisonings by appropriate state or federal agencies is essential to mm1m1ze harmful effects, to determine causes and responsibilities, and to reduce the possiblity of recurrences. These agencies have trained investigative personnel to handle such problems, but to do their job effectively it is important they be informed as soon as possible after an incident occurs. Otherwise valuable information may be lost, or it may be too late to adequately protect public health or property. vii

Accidents Involving Application

(Drift problems, animal poisoning, plant damage, fish kill, etc.)-notify one of the following:

Washington State Department of Agriculture 406 General Administration Bldg. Olympia, Washington 98504 Phone (206) 753-5062

OR

Washington State Department of Agriculture P.O. Box 617 Yakima, Washington 98901 Phone (509) 248-2521

Accidents Involving Storage or Transportation•

If significant pesticide contamination results from fires, floods, spillage, leakage, etc., notify one of the following:

Washington State Division of Health Services Pesticide Laboratory 1719 Springwater P.O. Box 190 Wenatchee, Washington 98801 Phone (509) 662-8161 (Day) (509) 663-1725 (Night) or (509) 663-5265

OR

Environmental Programs State Health Services Division Olympia, Washington 98504 Phone (206) 753-3468 (Day) . (206) 943-0430 (Night) or (206) 943-2124 HERBICIDE INFORMATION

D. G. Swan*

This herbicide information has been compiled to provide specifications for readers of the Chemical Weed Control Handbook.

The acute LD (lethal dose to 50% of the test animals) has been stated. Species of test animals have not been included. The dose 50 estimated to cause the death of a 150-pound man is only an approximation based on the LD of the test animals. The intent is to 50 present a relative more easily understood toxicity comparison. Remember, this is an acute poisoning rating and does not show what the chronic effect might be.

The approximate suggested retail price per pound (as of October 1, 1974) for the herbicide (acid equivalent or active ingredient) is included. This price is subject to change without notice.

COMMON NAME: Acrolein FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 10% granules TRADE NAME : Aqualin TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective soil active herbicide applied CHEMICAL NAME: Acrylaldehyde preplant or preemergence.

MANUFACTURER: Shell Chemical Company PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A violet liquid with a low water solubility (240 ppm) . FORMULATION: 92% liquid ACUTE TOXICITY: LD - 1,800 mg/kg 50 TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Contact aquatic herbicide Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-8 1/2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Volatile tear gas type material tablespoonfuls

ACUTE TOXICITY : LD -46 mg/kg VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3/5 APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.04/lb active ingredient teaspoonful USE PRECAUTIONS: VOLATILITY: Highly volatile 1. Flammability: Combustible. Do not store near heat or open flame. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $6.00/gal 2. Corrosiveness: No corrosion to No. 316 and No. 304 stainless steel, aluminum and heresite. Corrosive to steel and black USE PRECAUTIONS: iron. 1. Do not contaminate with any foreign material at any time. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Detergent Wash. To avoid the possibility of polymerization, keep under 4. Estimated shelf life: Indefinitely stable. Not light sensitive. oxygen-free nitrogen only . 2. Corrosiveness: Iron and low carbon steel are unaffected at REMARKS: Mechanical soil incorporation may be beneficial. room temperature. Slight corrosion might occur under more severe conditions of temperature. Can be stored under oxygen-free nitrogen in dark glass bottles, in cylinders, or in COMMON NAME: Amitrole black iron drums. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Use large volumes of TRADE NAMES: Amino Triazole Weed Killer, Amizol, water. Weedazol 4 . Caution: Vapor flammable. CHEMICAL NAME: 3-amino-s-triazole REMARKS: Use only under the supervision of licensed operators. MANUFACTURERS: American Cyanamid Company, Amchem Products, Inc.

COMMON NAME: FORMULATIONS: 90% soluble powder (Amino Triazole Weed Killer, Amizol), 50% soluble powder (Weedazol) TRADE NAME : Lasso TYPE OF HERBICIDE : A foliar-applied translocated CHEMICAL NAME : 2-chloro-2', nonselective herbicide 6' -dieth yi-N -(meth oxymethyl )acetanilide PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Whitish, gray powder, high water MANUFACTURER : Monsanto Company solubility (280,000 ppm).

*Extension Weed Scientist and Associate Agronomist-Pullman E.M. 3566- Page 2

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -24,600 mg/kg FORMULA Tl ON: 95% soluble crystals 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-8 cupfuls TYPE OF HERBICIDE: An inorganic compound which kills brush and weeds both by contact and translocation when applied VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile postemergence.

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $5.28-7.54/lb active ingredient PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A yellow crystalline substance related to ammonium sulfate, very high water solubility USE PRECAUTIONS: (2,000,000 ppm). 1. Flammability: Aqueous, nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Mildly corrosive to iron, aluminum, copper ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,900 mg/kg and copper alloys. 50 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash with water. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 cupful 4. Estimated shelf 1ife: No shelf life limitations. VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile REMARKS: A characteristic symptom of amitrole is chlorosis in plants. It has short soil residual life due to microorganism APPROXIMATE PRICE : $0.40/lb active ingredient activity. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: AMS has fire-retardant properties. 2. Corrosiveness: Equipment should be washed thoroughly after COMMON NAME: Amitrole-T use to reduce corrosion. Use as oil/water emulsion minimizes corrosion of equipment. Protection of commercial equipment TRADE NAMES: Cytrol Amitrole-T, Amchem Amitrole-T with asphaltic base paint recommended; coating surfaces with oil when equipment is not in use also reduces corrosion. CHEMICAL NAME: 3-amino-s-triazole plus ammonium 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Readily removed by thiocyanate (2 ~b/gal of amitrole) washing with water. 4. Estimated shelf life: Stable under normal storage conditions. MANUFACTURERS: Amchem Products, American Cyanamid Keep containers closed and protected from moisture. Company REMARKS: Safe to use where 2,4-D is a hazard. · FORMULATIONS: 2 lb/gal soluble concentrate, 1% aerosol

TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A foliar-applied translocated COMMON NAME: nonselective herbicide. TRADE NAME: Asu lox PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A straw-colored liquid, high water solubility (280,000 ppm). CHEMICAL NAME: (Methyl sulfanilylcarbamate)

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg 50 MANUFACTURER: Rhodia lnc.-Chipman Division

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pou nd man-1 1/2 FORMULATION : 3.341b/gal soluble concentrate cupfuls TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A carbamate for the control of actively VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile growing grass and certain broadleaf weeds.

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $7.46/lb active ingredient PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A soluble concentrate with medium water solubility (5,000 ppm). USE PRECAUTIONS: Same as for amitrole ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg REMARKS: Same as for amitrole. Amitrole-T is reportedly more 50 effective on some weeds. Approximate dose t o cause death of 150-pou nd man-1 1/2 cupfuls

COMMON NAME: AMS VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile

TRADE NAMES: Ammate X, Ammate APPROXIMAT E PRICE : $5.36/ lb active ingredient

CHEMICAL NAME: Ammonium sulfamate

MANUFACTURER: E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc. E.M. 3566- Page 3

USE PRECAUTIONS: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Dark amber liquid, low water 1. Flammability: NonflammCJble. solubility (14 ppm). 2. Corrosiveness. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,350 mg/kg 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Thoroughly wash with 50 detergent and rinse with wnter. 4. Estimated shelf life: Stable. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2/5 cupful

REMARKS: None VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile

APPROXIMATE PRICE : $13.50/lb CJctive ingredient COMMON NAME: USE PRECAUTIONS: TRADE NAME: AAtrex 1. Flammability: 178degreesF. 2. Corrosiveness: Liquid concentrate may cause corrosion of tin CHEMICAL NAME: 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)- plate and mild steel at the liquid-air interface. Aluminum, 6(isopropylamino)-s-triazine phenolic-lined cans or glass are recommended for lengthy storage. MANUFACTURER : CIBA-Geigy Corporation 3. EstimCJted shelf life: Storage at alternating temperatures of 122 degrees to 6 degrees F. for 6 months had no adverse FORMULATION : 80% wettable powder effects on emulsion performance. 4. Barban is a skin irritant. Av oid contact with skin, eyes, and TYPE OF HERBICIDE : A selective, root-ab:;orbed herbicide, clothing. some foliar absorption but little translocation, mostly plant tissue contacted by spray is injured. REMARKS : Proper timing of application in relation to size of wild oat is very critical. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: White powder, low water solubility (70 ppm), little if any odor. COMMON NAME: Benefin ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,080 mg/kg 50 TRADE NAME: Balan Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 cupful CHEMICAL NAME: N-butyi-N-€thyl-a,a,a,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro• VOLATILITY: Volatile p -toluidine

APPROXIMATE PRICE : $3.69/lb active ingredient MANUFACTURER : Elanco Products Company (Division of Eli Lilly and Company) USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability : Nonflammable. FORMULATION: 1.51b/gal emulsifiable concentrate 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive under normal use conditions. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: May be cleaned by TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A toluidine compound used as preplant washing or flushing with water. soil-incorporated selective herbicide. 4. Estimated shelf life: Very stable over several years of shelf life, with only slight sensitivity to natural light and extreme PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A yellow-orange liquid w ith temperatures which would occur normally. extremely low water solubility (1 ppm)

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -10,000 mg/kg REMARKS: More soluble and less strongly adsorbed on soil than 50 ; thus less moisture is needed to activate it. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3 cupfuls

COMMON NAME: Barban VOLATILITY: Volatile

TRADE NAME: Carbyne APPROXIMATE PRICE : $5.70/lb active ingredient

CHEMICAL NAME : 4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: For the formulated emulsifiable concentr:Jte, MANUFACTURER: Gulf Oil Chemicals Company use ordinary precautions for volatile solvents. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. FORMULATION : 1 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate 3. Recommended method of cleaning : Sprayer and equipment can be cleaned with detergent and water. TYPE OF HERBICIDE : For wild oat control; foliar absorbed 4. Estimated shelf life: The shelf life of the concentrate is 2 and translocated only a short distance, inhibits plant growth and years or more. Should not be stored at temperatures below stops tillering. 40 degrees F. or at temperatures near the flash point (125 degrees F .l. E.M. 3566- Page 4

REMARKS: ACUTE TOXICITY: Varies with the formulation 1. Requires incorporation simultaneously with or immediately after -application to prevent loss of activity. VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile 2. Residual activity at higher rates or in dry regions may be a problem on crops following. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $0.17-0.32/lb

USE PRECAUTIONS: COMMON NAME: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Solutions are not a corrosion hazard to ferrous TRADE NAMES: Betasan Prefar metals. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Water or steam. CHEMICAL NAME: 0,0-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester 4. Estimated shelf life: Stable. with N-(2-mercaptoethyl) benzene-sulfonamide REMARKS: Borates are excellent fire retardants. The MANUFACTURER: Stauffer Chemical Company combinations are excellent for elimination of all vegetation and some formulations are used prior to laying asphalt paving. FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 12.5% granules COMMON NAME: Bromacil TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective compound applied preemergence TRADE NAMES: Hyvar X, Hyvar X-L

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A liquid with a low water solubility CHEMICAL NAME: 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil (50 ppm) MANUFACTURER: E. I. DuPont deNemours & Company, Inc. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,910 mg/kg 50 FORUMULATION: 800/o wettable powder Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3/5 cupful TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A substituted uracil compound used as VOLATILITY : Volatile a pre and postemergence somewhat selective herbicide and soil sterilant. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $6.34/lb active ingredient PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: An odorless, white crystalline USE PRECAUTIONS: compound with a low water solubility (815 ppm). 1. Flammability: Flash point 300 degrees F. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,200 mg/kg 2. Corrosiveness: None with mild iron, steel, tin, or brass. 50 Corrosive to copper. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Glassware should be Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 washed with solvent followed by water. Spray equipment cupfuls should be flushed thoroughly with water and allowed to dry. 4. Estimated shelf life: Apparently indefinite storage life under VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile normal ambient conditions. Photosensitivity is indeterminate. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $9.44/lb active ingredient REMARKS: This material must be applied to the soil before the weeds emerge. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Acute ingredient and dry formulation no problem; liquid formulation (Hyvar X-L) is a combustible COMMON NAMES: Borates, Boron mixture which should be kept away from heat and open flame. TRADE NAMES: Ureabor, Monobor-Chlorate, Polybor-Chlorate 2. Corrosiveness: Not a problem. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush tank, pump, hoses, CHEMICAL NAMES: Sodium metaborate tetrahydrate, boron and boom with several changes of water after removing trioxide, disodium octaborate, tetrahydrate, boron nozzle tips and screens (clean these parts separately). Do not use equipment with which wettable powder has been applied MANUFACTURERS: United States Borax and Chemical for spraying insecticides, fungicides, and fertilizers as plant Corporation, American Potash and Chemical Corporation injury may result. Glassware can be cleaned by thorough washing with detergent followed by acetone rinse. FORMULATIONS: Several-mixed with sodium chlorate, and 4. Estimated shelf life: Active ingredient is chemically stable under normal storage conditions. Exposure of water-soluble TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Nonselective broadleaf and grassy weed powder to moisture and air can cause caking, dilution of control combinations. active ingredient, and some loss of water solubility. E.M. 3566 - Page 5

REMARKS : Controls a wide range of weeds. A minimum ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,366 mg/kg 50 amount of_water will activate bromacil. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 cupfuls COMMON NAME: VOLATILITY: Volatile TRADE NAMES: Brominal, Buctril APPROXIMATE PRICE : $3.00/lb active ingredient CHEMICAL NAME: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile USE PRECAUTIONS: MANUFACTURERS: Amchem Products, Inc., Rhodia 1. Should not be stored at temperatures below 0 degrees F. lnc.-Chipman Division 2. Flammability: Flash point-227 degrees F. Fire point-267 degrees F. FORMULATION : 2 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate 3. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 4. Recommended method of cleaning: Glassware-wash with TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective postemergence contact solvent followed by water. Spray equipment-flush herbici de thoroughly with water and allow to dry. 5. Estimated shelf life: Apparently indefinite shelf life under PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A liquid with low water solubility normal ambient conditions. Photosensitivity is indeterminate. (130 ppm) REMARKS: Must be incorporated immediately after application ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -250 mg/kg due to volatility. 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3 1/2 teaspoonfu Is COMMON NAME: C•codylic Acid

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile TRADE NAMES: Phytar 138, Phytar 560

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $12.80/lb active ingredient CHEMICAL NAME: Hydroxydimethylarsine oxide

USE PRECAUTIONS: MANUFACTURER: The Ansul Company 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive to spray equipment. FORMULATIONS: 24% soluble solution (Phytar 560), 50% 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush thoroughly with soluble solution (Silvisar 510) water after use . 4. Estimated shelf life: No deterioration in less than 2 years' TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A postemergence nonselective contact storage time. herbicide, Silvisar is used for control of trees (thinning, undesirable trees, etc.) by injection. REMARKS: Controls some weeds resistant to 2,4-D. Can be safely applied to seedling grain and grasses. Has little soil PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A colorless, crystalline substance activity. with a very high water solubility (2,000,000 ppm).

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -830 mg/kg 50 COMMON NAME: Butylate Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-4 TRADE NAME: Sutan tablespoonfuls

CHEMICAL NAME: S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile

MANUFACTURER: Stauffer Chemical Company APPROXIMATE PR ICE: $8.05/gal

FORMULATIONS: 6 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 10% USE PRECAUTIONS: granules 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Mildly corrosive. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A thiocarbamate compound used as a 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush with water. selective preplant incorporated herbicide. 4. Estimated shelf life: Completely stable in storage.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES : A liquid with moderate water REMARKS: The phytotoxic properties of this herbicide are solubility (300 ppm). quickly inactivated on contact with the soil. E.M. 3566- Page 6

COMMON NAME: CDAA VOLATILITY: Volatile

TRADE NAME: Randox APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.12/lb active ingredient

CHEMICAL NAME: N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Relatively nonflammable. Flash point 190 to MANUFACTURER: Monsanto Company 200 degrees F. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive to metals. FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 20% 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flushing with water will granules adequately remove CDEC from spray equipment. Glassware readily cleaned with soap and water. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: An acetamide compound used as a 4. Estimated shelf life: Indefinite shelf life as long as container selective herbicide applied preplant or preemergence. remains sealed and not exposed to high temperatures. 5. First aid and antidotes: In case of skin contact, wash skin PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: An oily liquid with a water solubility with soap and water; for eyes, flush with running water for of 19,000 ppm. 15 minutes and get medical attention.

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -750 mg/kg 50 REMARKS: Irritating to the eyes and skin. Established weeds are not controlled. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3 1/2 tablespoonfuls COMMON NAME: Chloramben VOLATILITY: Highly volatile TRADE NAMES: Amiben, Amiben Granular, Garden Weeder, APPROXIMATE PRICE: $3.80/lb active ingredient Ornamental Weeder, Vegiben

USE PRECAUTIONS: CHEMICAL NAME: 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid 1. Flammability: No special precautions necessary. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive to No. 316 and 304 stainless MANUFACTURER: Amchem Products, Inc. steel, aluminum and heresite. Corrosive to ordinary steel. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Detergent and water FORMULATIONS: 2 lb/gal soluble concentrate, 10.8% granules rinse. 4. Estimated shelf life: Indefinitely stable. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Selective preemergence growth 5. First aid and antidotes: If CDAA is accidentally spilled on regulating herbicide. the skin, wash off the area of contact immediately with soap and warm water to prevent irritation. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Brown-colored liquid, little odor, medium water solubility (700 ppm). REMARKS: Irritating to eyes and skin. May be absorbed through the skin. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,500 mg/kg 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound m an-1 cupful COMMON NAME: CDEC VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile TRADE NAME: Vegadex APPROXIMATE PRICE: $5.10/lb acid equivalent CHEMICAL NAME: 2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate USE PRECAUTIONS: MANUFACTURER: Monsanto Company 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 20% 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash with water. granules Standard washing detergents may be used. 4. Estimated shelf life: No shelf limitations. Light tends to TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective herbicide applied preplant or develop more red color. Unaffected by temperatures to the preemergence. boiling point. If exposed to freeze-thaw cycles, the formulatior should be agitated before use. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A liquid with a low water solubility (92 ppm) REMARKS: Works through the roots and emerging shoots of grasses. Moisture is needed to activate Amiben. Emerged weeds ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -850 mg/kg 50 are not controlled.

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-4 tablespoonfuls E.M. 3566- Page 7

COMMON NAME: Chlorbromuron USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. TRADE NAMES: Maloran, Bromex 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Strong detergent and CHEMICAL NAME: 3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1- water. methylurea REMARKS : uptake is principally through the roots MANUFACTURER : CIBA-Geigy Corporation and to a lesser extent through the foliage.

FORMULATION: 50% wettable powder COMMON NAME: Chlorpropham TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A substituted herbicide with preemergence and postemergence activity. TRADE NAME: Furloe Brand Chloro IPC

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white, crystalline powder with CHEMICAL NAME : Isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate water solubility of 50 ppm and readily soluble in acetone and dimet.,ylformamide. MANUFACTURER: PPG Industries

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -4,280 mg/kg FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 20% 50 granules Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pou nd man-1 1 /4 cupfuls TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective, soil-active herbicide applied preplant, preemergence, and postemergence. VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $6.30/lb active ingredient PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Light amber liquid with low water solubility (88 ppm). USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg 50 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Strong detergent and Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 water. cupfuls

REMARKS: Uptake of chlorbromuron is through the roots and VOLATILITY: Low volatility to a lesser degree through the foliage. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $3.00/lb active ingredient

COMMON NAME: Chloroxuron USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: High flash point. TRADE NAMES: Tenoran, Norex 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with CHEMICAL NAME : 3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1- water. dimethylurea 4. Estimated shelf life: Unlimited shelf life. Not light or heat sensitive, but low temperatures will cause crystallization of MANUFACTURER: CIBA-Geigy Corporation emulsifiable concentrate.

FORMULATION: 50% wettable powder REMARKS: Activated by moisture but is rapidly lost from the soil at temperatures above 75 degrees F. Chloropropham disrupts TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A substituted urea with selective cell division. preemergence and postemergence activity.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: White, odorless, crystalline powder COMMON NAME: with a very low water solubility (3.7 ppm). TRADE NAME: Bladex ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,700 mg/kg 50 CHEMICAL NAMES: 2-[ [4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine-2- Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 cupful yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile MANUFACTURER: Shell Chemical Company

APPROXIMATE PRICE : $5.40/lb active ingredient FORMULATIONS: 80% wettable powder, 4 lb/gal water d ispersible liquid E.M. 3566- Page 8

TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective preemergence herbicide for COMMON NAME: Cyprazine the control of annual weeds. TRADE NAME: Outfox PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A wettable powder or liquid with a low water solubility (160 ppm). CHEMICAL NAME: 2-chloro-4-(cyclopropylamino)-6-(isopro­ pylamino)-s-triazine ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -334 mg/kg 50 MANUFACTURER: Gulf Oil Chemicals Company Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-4 1/2 teaspoonfu Is FORMULATION: 1 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.00/lb active ingredient TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Postemergence corn herbicide for control of broadleaf and grassy weeds. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A milky gray liquid with medium 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. water solubility. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash or flush with ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,200 mg/kg water. 50 4. Estimated shelf life: Greater than 1 year. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-4 REMARKS: A selective herbicide for use in corn. tablespoonfuls

VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile COMMON NAME: Cycloate APPROXIMATE PRICE: TRADE NAME: Ro-neet USE PRECAUTIONS: Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and CHEMICAL NAME: S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate clothing. Avoid inhalation of vapor. In case of contact with skin or clothing, wash with soap and water. If eyes are affected, wash MANUFACTURER: Stauffer Chemical Company with water. Stir well before using and maintain good agitation in spray tank while adding cyprazine. FORMULATIONS: 6 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 10% granules REMARKS: Do not plant treated areas to any crop except corn until the following year. Do not plant sugar beets on land treated TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective thiocarbamate herbicide the previous year. applied preplant and soil incorporated.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A yellowish liquid with a COMMON NAME: Dalapon thiocarbamate (sulfur) odor and low water solubility (100 ppm). TRADE NAMES: Dowpon-M, Basfapon ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,160 mg/kg 50 CHEMICAL NAME: 2,2-dichloropropionic acid Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3/4 cupful MANUFACTURER: The VOLATILITY : Volatile FORMULATION: 85% water soluble powder (74% acid APPROXIMATE PRICE: $5.33/lb active ingredient equivalent)

USE PRECAUTIONS: TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A translocated selective grass control 1. Flammability : Flash point-282 degrees F . herbicide used as a postemergence foliar spray. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Glassware-wash with PHYSICAL PROPERTIEIS: Whitish powder; high water solvent followed by water. Spray equipment-flush solubility (570,000 ppm), little odor. thoroughly with water and allow to dry. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -9,330 mg/kg 4. Estimated shelf life: Apparently indefinite storage life under 50 normal ambient conditions. Photosensitivity is indeterminate. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 cupfuls REMARKS: For best results incorporate immediately into the top 2 to 3 inches of soil. Cycloate is absorbed by seed and stem VOLATI LITY: Nonvolatile tissue of seedlings. E.M. 3566- Page 9

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $2.12/lb acid equivalent CHEMICAL NAME: S-(2,3-dichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. MANUFACTURER: Monsanto Company 2. Corrosiveness: Formulations are mildly corrosive to equipment. FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 10% 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with granules water. 4. Estimated shelf life: Has at least 2 years shelf life. Keep TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A carbamate selective herbicide applied container tightly closed when not in use. preplant or preemergence.

REMARKS: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A dark, amber oily liquid with low 1. High soil moisture and addition of a surfactant may enhance water solubility (14 ppm). control. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -395 mg/kg 2. A hygroscopic material which loses its herbicidal effects by 50 hydrolysis. Use within two days after mixing with water as spray mixture left for longer periods may not be phytotoxic. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 tablespoonfuls

COMMON NAME: DCPA VOLATILITY: Volatile

TRADE NAME: Dacthal APPROXIMATE PRICE: $5.06/lb active ingredient

CHEMICAL NAME: Dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. MANUFACTURER: Diamond Shamrock Corporation 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Thorough flushing with FORMULATIONS: 50% and 75% wettable powders, 2.5% water. granules 4. Estimated shelf life: No apparent problem to date.

TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A soil active preemergence applied REMARKS: Needs to be incorporated immediately after selective herbicide. application. Needs moisture for activation. Main regi on of uptake by grasses is through the coleoptile. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A powder with little odor and extremely low water solubility (0.5 ppm). COMMON NAME: Dicamaba ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -greater than 3,000 mg/kg 50 TRADE NAME: Banvel Approximately dose to cause death of 150-pound man-more than 2 cupfuls CHEMICAL NAME: 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile MANUFACTURER: Velsicol Chemical Corporation

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $3.50/lb active ingredient FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal water and oil soluble concentrates, 5% and 10% g ranules USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammablility: Nonflammable. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A growth regulating herbicide read ily absorbed and translocated from either roots or foliage. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Spray tank may be PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Dark amber liquid with a high water cleaned by normal rinsing. solubility (4,500 ppm). 4. Estimated shelf life: DCPA formulations are stable under normal storage conditions. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,040 mg/kg 50 REMARKS: Must be applied to the soil before weed seed germination. Moisture is needed to activate. Not foliage active. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-5 tablespoonfuls

COMMON NAME: Diallate VOLATILITY: Low volatility

TRADE NAME: Avadex APPROXIMATE PRICE: $8.88/lb acid equivalent E.M. 3566 - Page 10

USE PRECAUTIONS: MANUFACTURERS: The Dow Chemical Company, FMC 1. F lai'T)mabil ity: Nonflammable. Corporation- Agricultural Chem ical Division 2. Corrosiveness: The dimethylamine salt formulation has a low order of corrosion. FORMULATIONS: 5 to 5.7 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash thoroughly with lb/gal ammonium salt, 3 lb/gal alkanolamine salt detergent and rinse several times. 4. Estimated shelf life: All formulations are extremely stable. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Selective and nonselective contact, nontranslocated compounds used preemergence, postemergence REMARKS: This material produces effects similar to those and as crop desiccants. found with 2,4-D. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: general is a dark brown liquid practically insoluble in water, ammonium and amine salts COMMON NAME: Dichlobenil are yellow liquids and water soluble.

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -50 mg/kg TRADE NAME: Casoron 50

CHEMICAL NAME: 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3/5 teaspoonfu I MANUFACTURER: Thompson-Hayward Chemical Company VOLATILITY: Low volatility FORMULATIONS: 50% wettable powder, 4% granules, 10% aquatic granules APPROXIMATE PRICE: Dow Generai-Sinox General (general )-$2.13/lb TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A nitrile compound used as a Dow Premerge-Sinox PE (amine salt)-$2.43/lb preemergence selective herbicide. Dow Selective-Sinox W (ammonium salt)-$5.50/lb (ALL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white powder with a low water solubility (25 ppm). USE PRECAUTIONS 1. Flammability: The amine salt formulation-minor fire ACUTE TOXICITY : LD -2,710 mg/kg hazard. Flash point 178 degrees F. The dinoseb general 50 formulation-flammable. Flash point 80 degrees F. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-4/5 cupful 2. Corrosiveness: Formulations are noncorrosive to equipment. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with VOLATILITY: Highly volatile water. Ammonia may be added if desired. 4. Estimated shelf life: 2 to 3 years. APPROXIMATE PRICE: Active ingredient (50W)-$1 0.00/lb REMARKS: Prolonged exposure to the chemical should be Active ingredient (4G)-$15.00/Ib avoided. Avoid vapors, mist, or contact as it is absorbed through Active ingredient (aquatic 1OG)-$12.80/Ib the skin. Dinoseb is an organic dye and will turn the skin yellow.

USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Formulated product is nonflammable. COMMON NAME: Diphenamid 2. Corrosiveness: Essentially noncorrosive. 3. Estimated shelf life: Shelf life is at least 2 years when stored TRADE NAMES: Dymid, Enide in a cool dry place. The product should be packed in tightly closed containers. The active compound can evaporate CHEMICAL NAME: N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide through plastic bags by diffusion. The chemical is extremely heat stable. Exposure to daylight has no effect on it. MANUFACTURERS: Elanco Products Company (Division of Eli Lilly and Company), Tuco Products Company (Division of the REMARKS: Dichlobenil is most effective when applied prior to Upjohn Company) moisture and before the emergence of weeds. It has little if any effect on foliage. This material inhibits meristematic tissue. FORMULATIONS: 1.39 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 80% and 50% wettable pqwders, 5% granules

COMMON NAMES: Dinoseb, DNBP TYPE OF HERBICIDE: An acetamide compound used as a selective preemergence herbicide. TRADE NAMES: Dow General, Dow Selective, Premerge, Sinox General, Sinox W, Sinox PE, Basanite PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A wettable powder with moderate water solubility (260 ppm). CHEMICAL NAME: 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol E.M. 3566- Page 11

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,050 mg/kg REMARKS: This material is slightly translocated. It is 50 completely inactivated upon contact with the soil. The use of a Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-5 surfactant enhances its activity. tablespoonfuls

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile COMMON NAME: Diuron

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $7.87/lb active ingredient TRADE NAMES: Karmex, Karmex DL

USE PRECAUTIONS: CHEMICAL NAME: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 ,1-dimethylurea 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. MANUFACTURER: E. I. DuPont deNemours and Company, 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Normal cleaning Inc. procedures can be used. Strainers and nozzles should be thoroughly cleaned if diphenamid suspension has been FORMULATION: 80% wettable powder standing for a time. 4. E~timated shelf life: Five years. Avoid extreme temperatures. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A substituted urea compound used as preemergence or a postemergence selective herbicide and soil REMARKS : This material does not control germinated weeds. sterilant. May persist in the soil up to one year following application. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Whitish tan powder with low water solubility (42 ppm). COMMON NAME: ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,400 mg/kg 50 TRADE NAME : Diquat Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 cupful CHEMICAL NAME: 6, 7-d ihydrodipyrido [ 1,2-a: 2', 1'-c] pyrazinediium ion VOLATILITY: Very low volatility

MANUFACTURER: Chevron Chemical Company APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.43/lb active ingredient

FORMULATION: 2 lb/water soluble cation/gal (3.73 lb/gal USE PRECAUTIONS: salt), the cation portion of the molecule is the active ingredient 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Not a problem. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A fast acting nonselective foliar applied 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush tank, pump, hoses, contact herbicide and plant desiccant. and boom with several changes of water after removing nozzle tips and screens (clean all parts separately). PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A dark red liquid with high water 4. Estimated shelf life: Dry formulations are stable. Liquid solubility. suspension should not be subjected to freezing temperatures.

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -400 mg/kg REMARKS: This material is absorbed by plant roots and 50 translocated. Foliar absorbed when used with a wetting agent. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 Diuron may persist in the soil for several months. tab I espoonfuls

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile COMMON NAME: DSMA

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $19.50/lb active ingredient TRADE NAMES: Ansar 8100, Ansar DSMA Liquid

USE PRECAUTIONS: CHEMICAL NAME: Disodium methanearsonate 1. Flammability: Commercial formulation nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: All materials commonly used in construction MANUFACTURER: The Ansul Company of spray equipment have been found satisfactory for using dilute diquat. Concentrated solutions corrode aluminum. Do FORMULATION: 63% soluble powder (100% hexahydrate) not store undiluted diquat in contact with metals. Keep in original container. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: An organic arsenical compound used as 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush equipment a selective contact herbicide applied postemergence. thoroughly with clean water. 4. Estimated shelf life: In original containers shelf life is PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: White crystalline water soluble indefinitely long. powder with no odor or volatility. 5. Toxicity: Avoid breathing spray mist or getting concentrated on skin. E.M. 3566- Page 12

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,000 mg/kg CHEMICAL NAME: S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-4 3/5 MANUFACTURER: Stauffer Chemical Company tablespoonfu Is FORMULATIONS: 6 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 10% VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile granules

APPROXIMATE PRICE : $1.20/lb active ingredient TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective thiocarbamate herbicide applied preplant and soil incorporated. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Amber liquid or tan granules with a 2. Corrosiveness: Mildly corrosive. medium water solubility (375 ppm), aromatic odor. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush with water. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,630 mg/kg 4. Estimated shelf life: Completely stable. Solid formulation 50 should be stored in a dry place. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1/2 cupful REMARKS: DSMA takes up moisture so storage in a dry place is necessary. It is essential to use a surfactant with this material. VOLATILITY: Highly volatile

APPROXIMATE PRICE: COMMON NAME: Eptam-$3.32/lb Eradicane- $3.80/lb TRADE NAMES: Endothal, Aquathol, Des-I-Cate (ALL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS)

CHEMICAL NAME : 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1] heptane-2,3- USE PRECAUTIONS: dicarboxylic acid 1. Flammability: Flash point 234 degrees F. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive . MANUFACTURER: Pennwalt Corporation 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush thoroughly with water and allow to dry. FORMULATIONS: 0.52, 1.46, 1.5, and 2 lb/gal soluble 4. Estimated shelf life: Apparently indefinite storage life under concentrates and 5% to 10% granules, formulated as disodium normal ambient conditions. salt and as a number of amine salts REMARKS : TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Used as an aquatic herbicide and 1. Must be incorporated immediately after application due to preharvest desiccant. volatility. EPTC is absorbed by the shoot of emerging weed seedlings. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Light brown liquid with a high water 2. Erad icane, with its safener, is for field and silage corn. solubility (100,000 ppm).

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -182 mg/kg COMMON NAME: Erbon 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pou nd man-2 1/2 TRADE NAMES: Baron and other trade names teaspoonfu Is CHEMICAL NAME : 2-(2,4,5-tri chl orophenoxy)ethyl VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile 2 ,2-d ich I oropropi on ate

APPROXIMATE PRICE: MANUFACTURER: The Dow Chemical Company

USE PRECAUTIONS: FORMULATION: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A nonselective persistent compound for 2. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash with water. control of grass and broadleaf weeds. 3. Estimated shelf life: Liquid formulations should be stored 32 degrees F. or above to prevent crystallization. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Brown liquid concentrate insoluble in water. REMARKS: Endothall is irritating to the skin and eyes. In water it is generally broken down with in 10 days. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD - 1,000 mg/kg 50

COMMON NAME : EPTC Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-5 tablespoonfuls TRADE NAMES: Eptam, Knoxweed, Eradicane (EPTC plus safener) VOLATI LITY : Nonvolatile E.M. 3566- Page 13

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $1 .80/lb active ingredient TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A nonselective translocated herbicide with no apparent soil activity. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability : Nonflammable. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: An amber liquid with high water 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. solubility (10,000 ppm). 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -4,900 mg/kg clean water. 50 4. Estimated shelf life: One year when properly stored. Do not expose to temperatures above 90 degrees F. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pou nd man-1 1/2 cupfuls REMARKS : 1. Erbon has shown promise for control of Equisetum species. VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile 2. Excessive rainfall may leach erbon from the weed root zone. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $21.67/lb acid equivalent

COMMON NAME: Fenac REMARKS: 1. Rainfall within 6 hours after application may reduce TRADE NAME: Fenac effectiveness. 2. translocates to roots and rhizomes of perennial CHEMICAL NAME: (2,3,6-trichlorophenyl)acetic acid weeds. Complete control will require re-treatment.

MANUFACTURERS: Amchem Products, lnc.-Heyden Division, Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. COMMON NAME: GS-14254

FORMULATION: 1.51b/gal soluble concentrate TRADE NAME: Sumitol

TYPE 0 F HERBICIDE: A nonselective translocated CHEMICAL NAME: 2-sec-butylamino-4-ethylamino-6-methoxy­ preemergence herbicide. s-trizine (2-methoxy-4-ethylamino-6-sec-butylamino-s-triazine)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Dark brown liquid and tan granules MANUFACTURER: CIBA-Geigy Corporation with medium water solubility (200 ppm). FORMULATION: 80% wettable powder ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,780 mg/kg 50 TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective herbicide for control of Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 /2 cupful certain annual grass and broadleaf weeds in alfalfa.

VOLATILITY: Low volatility possible PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A light colored powder with low to medium water solubility (620 ppm). APPROXIMATE PRICE: $9.39/lb acid equivalent ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,000 mg/kg 50 USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-5 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. tablespoonfuls 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash clean with water. Standard washing detergents may be used. VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile 4. Estimated shelf life: No limitations. APPROXIMATE PRICE: REMARKS: Fenac is taken up by both roots and foliar absorption but is most effective through the roots. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. COMMON NAME: Glyphosate 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with water. TRADE NAME: Roundup 4. Estimated shelf life: Stable over several years. Some sensitivity to light and extreme temperatures. CHEMICAL NAME: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine

MANUFACTURER : Monsanto Company COMMON NAME: Karbutilate

FORMULATION: 4 lb/gal soluble concentrate (active TRADE NAME: Tandex ingredient), (3 lb/gal acid equivalent) E.M. 3566- Page 14

CHEMICAL NAME: tert-butylcarbamate acid ester with USE PRECAUTIONS: 3-(m-hy_droxyphenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea potassium cyanate 1. Flammability: No problem. 2. Corrosiveness: Not a problem. MANUFACTURER: FMC Corporation-Agricultural Chemical 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush tank, pump, hoses, Division and boom with several changes of water after removing nozzle tips and screens (clean these parts separately). FORMULATIONS: 80% wettable powder, 4% and 10% granules 4. Estimated shelf life: Dry formulations are stable.

TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A urea carbamate herbicide used for REMARKS: has foliar as well as root absorbed activity. nonselective weed and brush control. Soil residual life is shorter than the other urea herbicides.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white powder with a moderate water solubility (325 ppm). COMMON NAME: MCPA

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,000 mg/kg 50 TRADE NAMES: Several

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-7/8 cupful CHEMICAL NAME: [(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile MANUFACTURERS: Rhodia lnc.-Chipman Division, Amchem Products, Inc., The Dow Chemical Company APPROXIMATE PRICE: $9.56/lb active ingredient FORMULATIONS: 2 and 4 lb/gal soluble, emulsifiable USE PRECAUTIONS: concentrates 1. Flammability: None. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A postemergence selective, translocated 3. Recommended method of c_leaning: Use a 10% solution of . sodium carbonate and soak ~vernight before flushing with water. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Brown liquid with a high water 4. Estimated shelf life in storage: Stable in storage. solubility (270,000 ppm).

REMARKS: ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -700 mg/kg 50 1. May be applied pre or postemergence to weeds. Needs rainfall to activate the herbicide. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man·-3 3/10 2. Use higher rates for soils high in organic matter and clay. tablespoonfu Is 3. Avoid use on soils with a pH greater than 8. VOLATILITY : Low volatility

COMMON NAME: Linuron APPROXIMATE PRICE: $3.49/lb acid equivalent

TRADE NAME: Lorex USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Recommended method of cleaning: Same as 2,4-D. Thorough CHEMICAL NAME: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1- washing with detergent and rinsing with water. methylurea 2. Estimated shelf life: Amine salt stable indefinitely. Ester shelf life varies with formulation. MANUFACTURER: E. I. DuPont deNemours and Company, Inc. REMARKS: This material is less toxic and more selective than 2,4-D. FORMULATION: 50% wettable powder

TYPE 0 F HERBICIDE: A substituted urea applied COMMON NAMES: , MCPP preemergence and postemergence as a selective herbicide. TRADE NAMES: Mecopar, Mecopex, Turf Herbicide MCPP PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Whitish tan powder with low water solubility (75 ppm) and little if any odor. CHEMICAL NAME: 2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] propionic acid

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,500 mg/kg 50 MANUFACTURERS: Rhodia, lnc.-Chipman Division, Morton Chemical Company Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1/2 cupful FORMULATIONS: 2, 2.5 and 4 lb/gal soluble concentrates, VOLATILITY : Low volatility available as the amine and potassium salts

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $7.50/lb active ingredient TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A phenoxy compound used as a selective herbicide applied postemergence. E.M. 3566 - Page 15

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A liquid with high water solubility COMMON NAME: (500,000-900,000 ppm) . TRADE NAME: Lexone, Sencor ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -650 mg/kg 50 CHEMICAL NAME: 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylth io)-as­ Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3 triazine-5(4H)-one tabl espoonfu Is MANUFACTURER : E. I. DuPont deNemours and Company, VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile Inc., Chemagro (Division of Baychem Corporation)

APPROXIMATE PRICE : $5.95/lb acid equivalent FORMULATION: 50% wettable powder

USE PRECAUTIONS: TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective pre and postemergence 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. herbicide for control of grassy and broadleaf weeds. 2. Corrosiveness: Mecoprop acid is corrosive to metals in the presence of water. Solutions of the potassium salt do not PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A light gray powder with medium corrode brass, iron and mild steel. water solubility (1 ,200 ppm). 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse with large amounts of clean water containing a detergent. Fill spray equipment ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,937 mg/kg with water and let stand overnight. Empty spray equipment 50 following day. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3/5 cupful

4. Estimated shelf life: Solutions of the potassium salt of VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile mecoprop are stable for several years under normal storage conditions. At low temperatures it will crystallize out of APPROXIMATE PRICE: $13.50/lb active ingredient solution but the crystals will redissolve on warming. REMARKS: May be harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Avoid REMARKS : Safer on bentgrass lawns and greens than other contact with eyes, skin, or clothing. phenoxy compounds.

COMMON NAME: MH COMMON NAME: Methyl bromide TRADE NAME: MH-30 TRADE NAMES: Dowfume, MC-2, Pestmaster, Soil Fumigant-1 CHEMICAL NAME: 1 ,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione CHEMICAL NAME: Methyl bromide MANUFACTURERS: Uniroyal Inc.-Uniroyal Chemical MANUFACTURERS: The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, The Ansul Company Chemical Corporation FORMULATION: Jib/gal soluble concentrate FORMULATIONS: Liquid under pressure, methyl bromide 98%, chloropicrin 2% (to give offensive odor) TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A chemical used for many purposes as a growth inhibitor and a preemergence or postemergence selective TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Temporary soil fumigant as a preplant herbicide. treatment. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Technical MH is a crystalline solid PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A colorless gas at standard with 6,000 ppm water solubility, salt formulations have a high temperature and pressure, low solubility in water. water solubility (700,000 ppm).

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1 mg/kg, upper safe limit 17 ppm in 50 ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -6,950 mg/kg air 50 Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-less than 2 cupfuls drops VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile VOLATILITY: Highly volatile APPROXIMATE PRICE: $5.83/lb active ingredient APPROXIMATE PRICE: $1.67/lb USE PRECAUTIONS: REMARKS : Controls weeds, most weed seeds, certain 1. Flammability: None. microorganisms and nematodes. Applied on plant beds under a 2. Corrosiveness: Do not use concentrate through brass nozzles. gas-proof cover. Acts within 48 hours. Extreme caution is 3 . Recommended method of cleaning: Wash and rinse needed in handling this material. equipment with water. 4. Estimated shelf life: More than 10 years. E.M. 3566 - Page 16

REMARKS: Inhibits cell division but not ce ll en largement. Used ACUTE TOXICITY: LD - 1,800 mg/kg 50 to suppress the growth of grasses and some broadleaf plants. Rate of plant absorption is greater with high humidity. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1/2 cupful

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile COMMON NAME: Monuron APPROXIMATE PRICE: $2.61/lb active ingredient TRADE NAMES: Telvar, Telvar ML USE PRECAUTIONS: CHEMICAL NAME: 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1 ,1-dimethylurea 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Mildly corrosive. MANUFACTURER : E. I. DuPont deNemours and Company, 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush with water. Inc. 4. Estimated shelf life: Completely stable. Solid formulations should be stored in a dry place~ FORMULATION: 80% wettable powder REMARKS : MSMA contains a surfactant so additional wetting TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A substituted urea compound used as a agent is not needed. Best results are obtained with air somewhat selective preemergence herbicide and as a so.il temperature above 80 degrees F. sterilant.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white powder with a low water COMMON NAME: Naptalam solubility (259 ppm). TRADE NAME: Alanap ACUTE TOXICITY : LD -3,600 mg/kg 50 CHEMICAL NAME: 2-(a-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide Approximate dose to eause death of 150-pound man-1 cupful MANUFACTURER : Uniroyal, Inc.-Uniroyal Chemical Division VOLATILITY : Very low volatility FORMULATION: 21b/gal soluble concentrate APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.44/lb active ingredient TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective preemergence phthalic acid USE PRECAUTIONS: herbicide. 1. Flammabil ity: No problem. 2. Corrosiveness: Not a problem. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A light straw-yellow to dark red 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush tank, pump, hoses, liquid, acid nearly insoluble and the sodium salt quite water an d boom with several changes of water after removing soluble. nozzle tips and screens (clean these parts separately). ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -8,200 mg/kg 4. Estimated shelf life: Dry forumulations .are stable. Liquid 50 suspensions should not be subjected to freezing temperatures. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 2/5 REMARKS: This material will generally last for a season or cupfuls longer. Inhibits the Hill reaction. VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile

COMMON NAME: MSMA APPROXIMATE PRICE: $2.98/lb acid equivalent

TRADE NAMES: Trans-Vert, A nsar 170, Ansar 529, Ansar 529 USE PRECAUTIONS: H.C. 1. Flammability: None. 2. Corrosiveness: The chloride ion present may attack unlined CHEMICAL NAME: Monosodium methanearsonate steel containers in long-term storage. Can be corrosive to copper. MANUFACTURERS: Amchem Products, Inc., The Ansul 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Washing with warm Company water and rinsing should cle~n the equipment. If precipitation has occurred, several caustic washes will remove FORMULATIONS: 4 and 4.151b/gal soluble concentrates the precipitate. 4. Estimated shelf life: More than 4 to 5 years. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: An organic arsen ic compound used as a se lective contact herbicide applied postemergence. REMARKS: NPA is a nonvolatile chemical activiated by moisture. Generally not residual more than 6 to 8 weeks. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A deep red liquid with a high water solubility. E.M . 3566- Page 17

COMMON NAME: Nitralin USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Flammable-do not smoke while using. Keep TRADE NAME: Planavin concentrate away from fire and sparks. 2. Corrosiveness: May be corrosive to some types of plastic or CHEMICAL NAME: 1-buty 1-3-(3 ,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- fiberglass parts of application equipment. methylurea 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash thoroughly with detergent and water. MANUFACTURER : Shell Chemical Company-Agricultural 4. Estimated shelf life: Estimated at least one year shelf life. Chemicals Division REMARKS: is not a hormone-type herbicide. It does FORMULATIONS: 75% wettable powder, 4 lb/gal water not release vapors hazardous to adjacent crops and is not highly dispensable liquid persistent in the soil.

TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective herbicide applied preemergence for control of annual weeds. COMMON NAME:

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A wettable powder or liquid with TRADE NAME: Paraquat extremely low water solubility (1 ppm). CHEMICAL NAME: 1,1 '-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion ACUTE TOXICITY: Is greater than 2,000 ppm LD -2,000 50 mg/kg MANUFACTURER: Chevron Chemical Company

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $7.30/lb active ingredient FORMULATION: 2 lb water soluble cation/gal, the cation port of the molecule is the active ingredient USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Technical material is flammable. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A postemergence nonselective 2. Corrosiveness: Nitralin is noncorrosive. somewhat translocated herbicide with fast acting contact action. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash with detergent and water. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A brown liquid with complete water 4. Estimated shelf life: Three years or more. solubility

REMARKS: Requires incorporation within 48 hours of ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -157 mg/kg 50 application. May be incorporated by rain or overhead sprinkler. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 teaspoonfuls COMMON NAME: Nitrofen VOLATILITY: Low volatility TRADE NAME: TOK APPROXIMATE PRICE: $20.00/lb active ingredient CHEMICAL NAME : 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N­ dipropylaniline USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. MANUFACTURER: Rohm and Haas Company 2. Corrosiveness: Not corrosive to commonly used spray equipment. Keep the undiluted material in the original FORMULATIONS: 2 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 50% container. wettable powder 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush equipment thoroughly with clean water after use. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective herbicide applied either 4. Estimated shelf life: Is indefinitely long. preemergence or postemergence for broadleaf and grassy weed 5. Toxic: Paraquat is completely inactivated upon contact with control. the soil. The use of a surfactant enhances its activity.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A dark colored free flowing liquid REMARKS: The material is toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Use of protective clothing is ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,460 mg/kg suggested to avoid inhaling or contact with the skin. 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-7 tablespoonfuls COMMON NAME: Phenmedipham

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile (Solvent volatile) TRADE NAME: Betanal

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $3.80/lb active ingredient CHEMICAL NAME: methyl m-hydroxycarbanilate m-methylcarbanilate E.M. 3566- Page 18

MANUFACTURER: NorAm Agr fc;t~ltural Products, Inc. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability : Tordon 101 Mixture-flash point 95 degrees FORMULATl ON: 1.3 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate F. Tordon 22K-flash point 114 degrees F. Tordon 10K pellets-nonflammable. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A foliar applied selective herbicide for 2. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with weed control in sugar beets. water to which ammonia has been added. Repeat three times. Bioassay last rinse water prior to using on sensitive plants. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A straw colored liquid with low Use equipment only for herbicides. water solubility 3. Estimated shelf life: Three years.

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD - 8,000 mg/kg REMARKS: is more toxic to some broadleaf plants 50 than 2,4-D. Thus, precautions must be diligently followed to Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pou nd man-2· 1/2 avoid injury to desirable plants. cupfuls

VOLATILITY: Low volatility COMMON NAME: Prometone

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $24.19/lb active ingredient TRADE NAME : Pramitol

USE PRECAUTIONS: CHEMICAL NAME: 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methoxy-s­ 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. triazine 2. Corrosiveness : Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of clean ing: Clean sprayer with MANUFACTURER: CIBA.Geigy Corporation plenty of water and detergent. Acetone is a good solvent. 4. Estimated shelf life: Over 1 year. FORMULATION: 25% emulsifiable concentrate (approximately 2 lb/gal) REMARKS: 1. Do not use more than 21 gpa of spray solution per acre on a TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A triazine herbicide .applied both broadcast basis. preemergence and postemergence as a temporary soil sterilant. 2. Rainfall within 6 hours of spraying may reduce weed kill. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: An amber colored liquid, technical @rometone has a water solubility of 750 ppm. COMMON NAME: Picloram ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -2,980 mg/kg 50 TRADE NAMES: Tordon 22K, Tordon 212· Mixture, Tordon Beads Approximate dose to cause death ot 1"50-pound man-4/5 cupful

CHEMICAL NAME: 4-amino-3 ,5,6-tricl:lloropicolinic acid VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile

MANUFACTURER: The Dow Chemical Company APPROXIMATE PRICE : $4.38/lb active ingredient

FORMULATIONS: 2 lb/gal soluble concentrate, mixtures of USE PRECAUTIONS: picloram plus 2,4-D and picloram plus 2,4,5-T , 10% pellets, 2% 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. beads 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: May be cleaned with TYPE OF HER BICIDE: A highly translocated somewhat water. selective herbicide active through both foliage and roots on 4. Estimated shelf life: Very stable over several years. many boradleaf weeds and woody plants. REMARKS: This materiQ.I has considerable foliar action and also PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Dark brow n liquid with a high water acts through the roots. solubility and chlorine-like odor.

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD - 8,200 mg/kg 50 COMMON NAME: Pronamide

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man- 2 2/5 TRADE NAME: Kerb cupfuls CHEMICAL NAME: 3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2- VOLATILITY: Low volatility propy ny I )-benzam ide

APPROXIMATE PRICE: MANUFACTURER : Rohm and Haas Company Acid equivalent-$26.00/lb Tordon 212 Mixture-$33.00/gal FORMULATION : 50% wettable powder E.M. 3566- Page 19

TYPE OF HERBICIDE : A selective herbicide for control of FORMULATION: 80% wettable powder annual and perennial grasses. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective herbicide applied PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A light-colored powder with very preemergence. low water solubility (15 ppm). PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white powder with an extremely ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,620 mg/kg low water solubility (8.6 ppm) and little if any odor. 50

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 50 cupfuls Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pou nd man-1 1/2 VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile cupfuls

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $15.80/lb active ingredient VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile

REMARKS: For postemergence activity pronamide must move APPROXIMATE PRICE : into the root zone. There is little foliar uptake. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. COMMON NAME: 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive under normal use. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: May be cleaned by TRADE NAME : Ramrod washing or flushing with water. 4. Estimated shelf life: Very stable over several years. CHEMICAL NAME: 2-<:hloro-N-isopropylacetanilide REMARKS: Propazine controls weeds by root absorption. It MANUFACTURER: Monsanto Company needs moisture for activation and persists in the soil.

FORMULATIONS: 65% wettable powder, 20% granules COMMON NAME: Propham TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective soil active herbicide applied preplant or preemergence. TRADE NAME: Chern Hoe

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white powder with a moderate CHEMICAL NAME: Isopropyl carbanilate water solubility (700 ppm). MANUFACTURER: PPG Industries ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1,200 mg/kg 50 FORMULATIONS: 2 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 15% Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-5 3/5 granules and 4 lb/gal flowable tablespoonfuls TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective carbamate herbicide applied VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile preemergence and postemergence.

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $2.23/lb active ingredient PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Light amber liquid or white fine powder w ith medium water solubility (250 ppm). USE PRECAUTIONS: ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg 1. Corrosiveness : No corrosion to No. 316 and 304 stainless 50 steel, aluminum and heresite. Corrosive to ordinary steel. 2. Recommended method of cleaning: Detergent wash. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 3. Estimated shelf life: Indefinitely stable. cupfuls

REMARKS: Mechanical incorporation may be beneficial and use VOLATILITY: Volatile of protective clothing is suggested. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $1.66/lbactive ingredient

COMMON NAME: Propazine USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Not considered flammabl~. TRADE NAME: Milogard 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with water. CHEMICAL NAME: 2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine 4. Estimated shelf life: Stable indefinitely. MANUFACTURER: CIBA-Geigy Corporation E.M. 3566- Page 20

REMARKS : Prop ham is absorbed through the roots and stops VOLATILITY : Low volatility cell divisioA. Appreciable amounts can be lost by vaporization at temperatures above 65 degrees F. APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.84/lb acid equivalent

USE PRECAUTIONS: COMMON NAME: Pyrazon 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. TRADE NAMES: Pyramin, Pyramin RB 3. Recommended method of. cleaning: If at all possible sprayers should be used for phenoxys only. If absolutely necessary CHEMICAL NAME: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyi-3(2H)­ sprayer may be cleaned by repeated washes with detergent pyridazinone followed by dilute alkali followed by many flushings with water. Rubber hoses and gaskets are difficult if not MANUFACTURER: BASF Wyandotte Corporation impossible to clean; esters of the phenoxys tend to be absorbed by rubber and cannot be removed by any type of FORMULATION: 80% wettable powder cleaning. 4. Estimated shelf life: 1 to 3 years. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A pyridazone compound used as a selective preemergence and postemergence herbicide. REMARKS: Silvex is similar to 2,4-D. It is less selective, has a longer soil residual and controls some weeds and brush better PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A tan to brown powder with a than the other phenoxys. medium-water solubility (300 ppm).

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,000 mg/kg COMMON NAME: Simazine 50

Approximate ~ dose to cause death of 150-pound man-3/4 cupful TRADE NAME: Princep

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile CHEMICAL NAME: 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $9.94/lb active tngredient MANUFACTURER: CIBA-Geigy Corporation

USE PRECAUTIONS: FORMULATIONS: 800,{, wettable powder, 4% granules 1. Flammability: Dry powder, nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A triazine herbicide used either 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash with water and selectively or as a soil sterilant. household detergent. 4. Estimated shelf life: No limitations. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white powder with extremely low water solubility (5 ppm) and little if any odor. REMARKS: This material has little volatility. Needs moisture to activate it. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 COMMON NAME: Silvex cupf uls

TRADE NAMES: Kuron, Weedone, 2,4,5-TP VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile

CHEMICAL NAME: 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.31/lb active ingredient

MANUFACTURERS: Amchem Products, Inc., Dow Chemical USE PRECAUTIONS: Company 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive under normal conditions. FORMULATION : 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate 3. Recommended method of cleaning: May be cleaned by washing with water. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A phenoxy compound used as a 4. Estimated shelf life: Very stable over several years. selec tive herbicide applied postemergence. REMARKS: Simazine requires considerable moisture to activate PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A brown liquid with a low water it in the soil and also shows long residual action. solubility (140 ppm).

ACUTE TOXICI TY : LD -500 mg/kg COMMON NAME: Sodium chlorate 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 2/5 TRADE NAMES: Several tablespoonfuls CHEMICAL NAME: Sodium chlorate E.M. 3566- Page 21

MANUFACTURERS: American Potash and Chemical Corp., PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: White solid (acid), clear to dark Rhodia· lnc.-Chipman Division, Pennwalt Corp., Hooker amber or brown liquid formulations, varied water solubility, Chemical Corp. aromatic odor.

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -500 mg/kg FORMULATIONS: 400/o soluble powder, 4%, 19%, and 28% 50 liquid, 12% and 33% dust, 99% active material in powder form, also formulated with borates, sodium carbonate, calcium Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 2/5 chloride, magnesium chloride, monuron, 2,4-D and others tablespoonfuls

TYPE OF HERBICIDE: An inorganic salt soil sterilant which VOLATILITY: Low to high volatility (amine-ester) nonselectively destroys germinating seeds and inhibits plant growth. APPROXIMATE PRICE : Amine salts-$2.18 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white granular compound very Oil soluble amine-$2.59 soluble in water (790,000 ppm). Esters-$2.38 Low volatile esters-$2.96 ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg (ALL ACID EQUIVALENTS) 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pou nd man-1 1/2 USE PRECAUTIONS: cupfuls 1. Flammability: Aqueous, nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. VOLATILITY : Nonvolatile 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash thoroughly with water and detergent solution. Alcohol or ketone type APPROXIMATE PRICE : $.25/lb active ingredient solvents may be used if available. Equipment should preferably not be used for application of other pesticides or USE PRECAUTIONS: ferti I izers. 1. Flammability: Fire and explosion hazard when intimately 4. Estimated shelf life: Most formulations have no shelf life mixed with organic substances, sulfur, sulfides, phosphorus, limitations and are insensitive to light and temperature. powdered metals, strong acids or ammonium salts. Paper liners should be gathered and burned at once. Sodium REMARKS: 2,4-D is effective against many annual and perennial chlorate is classified as an oxidizing substance; must carry the broadleaf weeds. The ester formulations are the most volatile ICC yellow label during shipment. and the amines least volatile. Plants are most susceptible when 2. Recommended method of cleaning: Thoroughly drain and they are young and growing rapidly. flush with water. Do not dispose of wastes where plant growth may be affected. Do not dispose in water courses. 3. Estimated shelf life: Stable at normal temperatures. COMMON NAME: 2,4-DB 4. Toxicity: To skin and possible danger through inhalation. If spilled on clothes, including apron, strings, and shoelaces, TRADE NAMES: Butoxone, Butyrac change immediately to freshly laundered clothing. Do not burn contaminated clothing in incinerators or under steam CHEMICAL NAME: 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid boilers with ordinary plant wastes. MANUFACTURERS: Amchem Products, Inc., Rhodia REMARKS: Easily leached from the soil. lnc.-Chipman Division

F 0 R MULA T I 0 N S: 2 lb/g al emulsifiable and soluble COMMON NAME: 2,4-D concentrates formulated as amine salts and esters

TRADE NAMES: Several TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A phenoxy compound used as a selective postemergence translocated herbicide, particularly for CHEMICAL NAME: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid broadleaf weed control in legumes.

MANUFACTURERS: The Dow Chemical Company, Rhodia PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Dark brown liquid with low water lnc.-Chipman Division, Amchem Products, Inc. solubility (40 ppm), amine salts are soluble in water and the esters in oil. FORMULATIONS: Numerous acids, salts (amines usually) and esters. Sold as liquids, water soluble powders, dusts (seldom used ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -500 mg/kg 50 due to drift hazard), granules, and pellets. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 2/5 TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective foliar absorbed, translocated tablespoonfuls phenoxy herbicide used mainly in postemergence applications. VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile E.M . 3566 - Page 22

APPROXIMATE PRICE : $10.41/lb acid equivalent MANUFACTURERS: E. I. DuPont deNemours & Company, Inc., Amchem Products, Inc. USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Aqueous, nonflammable. FORMULATION : 2 lb/gal soluble concentra.te 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Wash with water, plus TYPE OF HERBICIDE: Translocated herbicide used for control detergent. of deep rooted perennial broadleaf weeds applied batt:. 4 . Estimated shel f life: No shelf life limitations. preemergence and postemergence.

REMARKS: This material is beta-oxidized to- 2,4-D very slowly PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A dark brown liquid with high. water by most legumes and rapidly by broadleaf weeds. Selectivity solubility (7,700 ppm). decreases with maturity of the legumes. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1;644 mg/kg 50

COMMON NAME: 2,4,5-T Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pouod man-1/2 cupful

TRADE NAMES: Several VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile

CHEMICAL NAME: (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.60/lb.acid equivalent

MANUFACTURERS: Amchem Products, Inc., The Dow USE PRECAUTIONS: Chemical Company 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. FORMULATIONS: Amines, salts, and esters as liquid 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Spray equipment should concentrates varying from 1 to 6 lb/gal not be used for spraying other pesticides. Wash with soap or dilute caustic and flush with plenty of water. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A tran~located selective phenoxy 4. Estimated shelf life: Stable at lea$t 2 years under normal herbicide applied postemergence. storage conditions.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white solid (acid form); REMARKS: This material controls weeds by both foliar and formulated as a dark brown liquid with low water solubility (280 root absorption but is m.ost effective through the roots. ppm), amines are soluble in water and the esters are emulsifiable.

ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -300 mg/kg COMMON NAME: TCA 50

Approximate dose to cause death oJ 150-pound man-4 TRADE NAME: Sodium TCA Inhibited teaspoonfuls CHEMICAL NAME: Trichloroacetic acid VOLATILITY: Low volatility MANUFACTURER: The Dow Chemical Conwany APPROXIMATE PRICE : $4.76/lb acid equivalent FORMULATIONS: 90% sodium TCA, 95% solubili.zed pellets USE PRECAUTIONS : 1. Flammability: Technical material is nonflammable. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A translocated aliphatic acid used as a Flammability will depend upon formulation. selective grass control herbicide bo.th preemergence and 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive, but some formulations are postemergence. deleterious to painted surfaces. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Thorough washing with PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Hygroscopic whi.te Haky granules detergent followed by repeated flushings with water. with high water solubilit¥ . 4 . Estimated shelf life: Excellent, depending upon manufacturer and formulation. ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg 50

REMARKS: Less selective than 2,4-D but more effect ive on Approximate dose to cause death of 150-poun~ man-1 1/2 ce rtain woody plants. cupfuls

VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile COMMON NAME : 2,3,6-TBA APPROXIMATE PRICE: $1.00/11:;> acid equivale,nt TRADE NAMES: Benzac 1281 , Trysben 200 USE PRECAUTIONS: CH EMICAL NAME : 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic, acid 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Mildly corrosive to equipmfi!nt. E.M. 3566- Page 23

3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A wettable powder with medium water. water solubility (2,300 ppm). 4. Estimated shelf life: Three years shelf life. May cake, however. ACUTE TOXICITY : LD -500 mg/kg 50

REMARKS: TCA is a root-absorbed, readily leached herbicide. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-2 2/5 Being hygroscopic it is essential to keep the container tightly tablespoonfuls closed. VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile

COMMON NAME: Terbacil APPROXIMATE PRICE : $12.50/lb active ingredient

TRADE NAME: Sinbar USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability. CHEMICAL NAME: 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive to metal or polyethylene. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Rinse thoroughly with MANUFACTURER: E. I. DuPont deNemours & Company, Inc. several changes of water. 4. Estimated shelf life. FORMULA Tl ON: 80% wettable powder REMARKS: has a half life in the soil of 12 to 15 TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A substituted uracil compound used as months with 40 to 60 inches of annual precipitation. a preemergence and postemergence selective herbicide and soil sterilant. COMMONNAME:TM~t~n PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A white powder with medium water solubility (710 ppm). TRADE NAME: lgran SOW

ACTUE TOXICITY: LD -5,000 mg/kg CHEMICAL NAME: 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6- 50 (methylthio)-s-triazine Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 1/2 cupfuls MANUFACTURER: CIBA-Geigy Corporation

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $14.38/lb active ingredient FORMULATION: 80% wettable powder

USE PRECAUTIONS: TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A triazine herbicide used for pre and 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. postemergence selective weed control. 2. Corrosiveness: Not a problem. 3. Recommended method of washing: Flush equipment with PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A light colored powder with very water. Glassware can be washed with detergent followed by low water solubility (58 ppm). an acetone rinse. 4. Estimated shelf life: Chemically stable under normal ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -2,980 mg/kg 50 conditions. Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-7/8 cupful REMARKS: Controls a wide range of weeds. Shows promise for selective perennial weed control. VOLATILITY: Nonvolatile

APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.25/lb active ingredient COMMON NAME: Tebuthiuron USE PRECAUTIONS: TRADE NAME: Spike 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. CHEMICAL NAME: N-[5-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol- 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Flush thoroughly with 2-yl] -N,N'-dimethylurea water. 4. Estimated shelf life in storage: At least 5 years. MANUFACTURER: Elanco Products Company (Division of Eli Lilly and Company) REMARKS: Terbutryn requires moisture for activation when applied preemergence or early postemergence. Has some foliage FORMULATIONS: 80% wettable powder; 5%, 10%, 20%, and activity when applied postemergence. 40% pellets.

TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A soil applied herbicide used for control of woody plants and total vegetation control. E.M. 3566- Page 24

COMMON NAME: Triallate VOLATILITY: Volatile

TRADE NAMES: Avadex BW, Far-Go APPROXIMATE PRICE: $7.55/lb active ingredient

CHEMICAL NAME: S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthio­ USE PRECAUTIONS: carbamate 1. Flammability: Technical material is not flammable. For the f ormulated concentrate use ordinary precautions for volatile MANUFACTURER: Monsanto Company solvents. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. FORMULATION : 41b/gal emulsifiable concentrate 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Sprayer and equipment should be cleaned with detergent and water. TYPE OF HERBICIDE: A selective herbicide applied preplant or 4. Estimated shelf life: Shelf life of the concentrate is 2 years or preemergence and incorporated for wild oat control. more. Packaged in metal cans. Should not be stored at temperatures below 40 degrees F. or at temperatures near the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A dark amber liquid with extremely flash point (125 degrees F.). low water solubility (4 ppm). REMARKS : Requires incorporation simultaneously with or ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1 ,675 mg/kg immediately after application to prevent loss of activity. 50 Residual activity from higher rates may be a problem with Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 /2 cupful certain sensitive crops following in rotation.

VOLATILITY: Volatile COMMON NAME: Vernolate APPROXIMATE PRICE: $4.95/lb active ingredient TRADE NAME: Vernam USE PRECAUTIONS: 1. Flammability: Nonflammable. CHEMICAL NAME: S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. 3. Recommended method of cleaning: Standard flushing MANUFACTURER: Stauffer Chemical Company techniques. 4. Estimated shelf life: No problems to date. FORMULATIONS: 6 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 10% granules REMARKS: May be irritating to skin and eyes. Is less volatile than diallate. TYPE OF HERBICIDE : A preplant or postplant incorporated herbicide for grass and broadleaf weed control.

COMMON NAME : PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: An emulsifiable concentrate with low water solubility (90 ppm). TRADE NAME: Treflan ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -1 ,800 mg/kg 50 CH EMICAL NAME : a,a,a,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N,-dipropyl.-p­ toluidine Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-8 1/2 tablespoonfuls MANUFACTURER: Elanco Products Comr:>any (Division of Eli L illy and Company) VOLATILITY : Volatile

FORMULATIONS: 4 lb/gal emulsifiable concentrate, 5% APPROXIMATE PRICE : granules USE PRECAUTIONS: TYPE OF HERBICIDE : A toluidine compound used as a 1. Flammability: Flash point: 248 degrees F. Fire point: 255 se lective preemergence herbicide. degrees F. 2. Corrosiveness: Noncorrosive. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A reddish yellow, oi ly liquid with an 3 . Recommended method of cleaning: Flush thoroughly with extremely low water solubility (less than 1 ppm). water. 4. Estimated shelf life: Indefinitely stable with normal ambient ACUTE TOXICITY: LD -3,700 mg/kg conditions. 50

Approximate dose to cause death of 150-pound man-1 cupful REMARKS : Vernolate does not persist in the soil and should not leave residues to injure crops following. E.M . 3566 - Page 25

SURF ACT ANTS

Environmental contamination has resulted in more emphasis plant surfaces is important to obtain coverage of the plant ; and being placed on efficiency in using pesticides. Over the last 25 in situations where contact herbicides are used , this may be all years, many workers have shown that toxicity of foliar-applied that is desired. However, it has been found that the wetting of herbicides is enhanced by the use of surfactants. Even with wide plant surfaces does not correlate with the increase in use of surfactants, the role they play is probably the least phytotoxicity. Maximum wetting occurs in the range of 0.01 understood of all the agricultural chemicals used today. They percent to 0.1 percent concentration of the surfactant, and increases pesticide performance in the field and also are an maximum increase in phytotoxicity occurs in the range of 1.0 important aspect of the formulation. percent concentration. An idealized graph of increased phy t otoxicity versus surfactant concentration would show that There is an old, widely held idea that any substance that will the main increase in activity occurs between 0 .01 percent and increase wetting will serve as a surfactant for any pesticide. 1.0 percent on a volume per volume basis (i.e., from two fluid Nothing could be farther from the truth. Some of the confusion ounces to four quarts of 100 percent active surfactant ingredient has arisen because of terminology used by growers and per 100 gallons of spray solution). nontechnical users when discussing surfactants. The terms most commonly used interchangeably are activator, additive, adjuvant, The average amount of surfactant used in most herbicide detergent, soap, spreader, surface-active agent, surfactant, and solutions is approximately 0.1 percent to 0.5 percent (i.e., one wetting agent. pint to two quarts per 100 gallons of spray solution). The maximum effect obtained from a given concentration will vary An additive is a material added to the spray solution and may or w ith surfactant and herbicide. Phenoxy-type herbicides (2,4-0) may not be a wetting agent or a surfactant. An adjuvant is a generally show maximum increase around 0.2 percent to 0.5 material that assists, aids, or modifies the spray solution in some percent, while most other types of foliar-applied herbicides manner. A detergent is a cleaning agent or solvent and does not (dalapon, amitrole, paraquat, etc.) show maximum effects from necessarily enhance or modify a spray solution. A surfactant is a 0.5 percent to 1.0 percent. material which facilitates and accentuates the emulsifying, spreading, and wetting properties of a spray solution. A wetting Use should be made of this range of surfactant concentrations by agent is a compound which causes a spray solution to contact taking into consideration the environmental factors preceding plant surfaces more thoroughly. It can easily be seen why and at the time of spraying. In areas or times of high humidity confusion arises when discussing these compounds; but and cool temperatures, the need to include high surfactant remember that to wet a surface only means to cover or soak that concentrations in a herbicide spray solution is less than in areas surface with a liquid. or at times of low humidity and high temperatures. It must also be remembered that in very adverse weather conditions of Surfactants come in a wide variety of types and each is designed extremely hot and dry periods, the benefits derived from the use for a particular use. They may be manufactured from numerous of a surfactant will be lessened . Older plants are generally more hydrocarbon nuclei and polar functional groups. At present d ifficult to control than are younger plants. Plants suffering there are several thousand trade name surfactants available. For from water stress, nutrient deficiency, or covered with dust and simplicity's sake they may be grouped into three groups on the insect damage, are more resistant to penetration and movement basis of their electrical charge: anionic-negatively charged, of herbicides. cationic-positively charged, and non ionic-neutral or no charge. Proper selection of the surfactant is of the utmost importance, The nonionic surfactants are most commonly encountered in and care should be used to correlate it with the use intended. In agricultural sprays, because they are relatively unaffected by some herbicide products the surfactant is formulated in the water hardness and are compatible with all types of herbicides. package sold to the consumer. The surfactant-herbicide choice Anionic surfactants are the next most commonly used group, has been made, but the concentrations when mixed for use are but they cannot be used satisfactorily in hard water or with often not proper for maximum uptake. When this occurs, certain herbicides. However, many commercially available cau tion should be exercised in selecting and adding additional surfactants are blends of the different surfactant types with surfactant. Remember that even though phytotoxicity of the other chemicals which is done in order to produce a high herbicide is increased by the use of surfactants, it may not performance product. Buffering compounds are often used to always be desirable as the surfactant may reduce selectivity , thus prevent extremely hard water from interfering with a spray el iminating species selectivity. solution. Generally, these su rfactants are formulated and recommended only when those conditions prevail. Surfactants are no miracle chemicals; but when used properly they will enhance herbicidal efficiency. They will assist in Once the proper surfactant has been selected, the next most lessening the possibility of damage to desirable plants, by important factor to consider for increasing herbicide allowing the use of lower rates of the herbicide, and will decrease phytotoxicity is the concentration of the surfactant. Wetting of the cost of the herbicidal application.

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