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HERBICIDE and Guide E.M. 3566, (Rev.) May 1975 HERBICIDE lnlorr~lalion and Guide COO PER A TIVE EXTEN SION SERVICE • COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE • WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY • PU LLMAN In cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture Issued in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by the Washin gton State Un iversity Coop~rl'tiv<> Exte nsion Service, J. 0. Young, DirPctor To simplify the presentation of information, it is sometimes necessary to use trade names. No endorse­ ment of products is intended nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. INTRODUCTION The weed control information presented in this publication includes the research developments as well as the practical experience of the following personnel of Washington State University and the Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Moreover, information based on work by weed scientists in other states, where applicable, is used. Contributor D. E. Bayer Plant Physiologist Davis Univ. of Calif. N. R. Benson Soil Scientist, Horticulturist Wenatchee Wash. State Univ. V. F. Bruns Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv. R. D. Comes Plant Physiologist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv. P. C. Crandall Horticulturist, Superintendent Vancouver Wash. State Univ. J. H . Dawson Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv. C. C. Doughty Associate Horticulturist Puyallup Wash. State Univ. R. L. Goss Agronomist, Extension Agronomist Puyallup Wash. State Univ. W. A. Haglund Plant Pathologist Mt. Vernon Wash. State Univ. Richard C. Maxwell Associate Agricultural Pullman Wash. State Univ. Chemicals Scientist T. J. Muzik Professor, Agronomist Pullman Wash. State Univ. Michael Newton Associate Professor Corvallis Oregon State Univ. A. G. Ogg Research Agronomist Prosser Agric. Res. Serv. D. V. Peabody Associate Agronomist, Mt. Vernon Wash. State Univ. Extension Weed Scientist W. C. Robocker Research Agronomist Pullman Agric. Res. Serv. G. F. Ryan Associate Horticulturist Puyallup Wash. State Univ. R. 0. Schirman Research Agronomist Pullman Agric. Res. Serv. A. Y. Shawa Assistant Horticulturist, Long Beach Wash. State Univ. Area Extension Agent D. G. Swan Associate Agronomist, Pullman Wash. State Univ. Extension Weed Scientist There is no guarantee that use of the information in this publication will give satisfactory weed control and not cause plant injury or soil/plant residue problems. However, the research data upon which the information is based indicates that effective, economical control with no illegal residues may be expected. This, of course, occurs only if directions (in the publication and on the herbicide label) are carefully followed. Information on chemical weed control does not include herbicide uses which are not registered with the EPA or State Department of Agriculture. Before using any weed control method, know what weed species are to be controlled and their growth habits as related to the desired crop. Thorough knowledge of the problems will help in the selection of a weed control method. Always evaluate whether a cultural, mechanical, chemical, or combination of these methods will give the most effective economical weed control. CAUTION: If the decision is to use an herbicide, read and study the label. It is estimated that 5 to 10 million development dollars are spent to get the information printed on that label. Check with the Washington State Department of Agriculture on spray orders for the area where the herbicide is to be used. Some herbicides are restricted in many areas of the state. ii The term "recommendation" is not used. Instead, the accepted use herbicides are presented first under each crop. This information is derived -primarily from tests and use experience in Washington in which there is considerable confidence. Other Registered Herbicides lists those herbicides known to be registered but which are not ready for or never will be in the accepted use category for various reasons. Wettable powder formulation precautions should be observed-wettable powders go into suspension, not solution. Therefore, constant agitation is required to keep the powder in suspension for uniform spraying. Mechanical agitation is preferred over hydraulic agitation. Line and nozzle strainers should be at least 50 mesh to permit free passage of the wettable powder spray mixture through the spraying system. Since wettable powders are abrasive, sprayers should be recalibrated frequently to assess their delivery. REGULATORY INFORMATION Federal and state pesticide regulations change frequently. Growers are advised to check with county agents or pest control consultants for the latest information before applying any chemical. Growers are also advised to check with their buyers, processors, or packers before applying chemicals. In some cases, buyers and processors will not accept crops treated with certain materials, even though these materials are approved for use by federal and state agencies. Pesticide Reentry Standards Federal regulations have been set by the Environmental Protection Agency to protect workers entering fields treated with pesticides. These are summarized as follows. 1. Unprotected persons must not be allowed in areas being treated. Workers, other than those involved in the application, must not be exposed to drift. 2. Unprotected workers must not be permitted in fields treated with the following pesticides until the indicated number of hours has elapsed. Houn Ethyl parathion 48 Methyl parathion 48 Guthion 24 Demeton (Systox) 48 Azodrin . 48 Phosalone (zolone) 24 Carbophenothion (Trithion) 48 Meta-Systox-R 48 EPN 24 Bidrin 48 Endrin 48 Ethion 24 3. Unprotected workers must not be permitted in field treated with pesticides other than those listed above until sprays have dried or dusts have settled. 4. Workers may enter treated fields prior to the expiration of reentry intervals provided protective clothing is worn. Protective clothing consists of a hat or other suitable head covering, a long-sleeved shirt, and long-legged trousers or a coverall type of garment (all of closely woven fabric covering the body, arms, and legs), shoes, and socks. 5. Appropriate and timely warnings must be given to workers who are expected to work in treated fields. Warnings may be given orally and/or by posting warning signs at the usual points of entrance to the field, and/or on bulletin boards at points where workers usually assemble. 6. Where label directions are more restrictive than the standards, the label directions take precedence. 7. It is the responsibility of the owner or lessee of the treated field to see that workers comply with the standards. 8. The standards do not apply to mosquito abatement treatments, greenhouse treatments, livestock and other animal treatments, and treatment of golf courses and similar nonagricultural areas. iii Licensin~ Pesticide Dealer. Any individual acting as a pesticide dealer must obtain an annual license from the State Department of Agriculture. Pesticide Dealer Manager. All licensed pesticide dealer outlets must employ a pesticide dealer manager who has passed an examination given by the State Department of Agriculture. Pest Control Consultant. Any individual who offers recommendations, technical advice, or aid on the use of "highly toxic" or "restricted use" pesticides (those which may be sold only by licensed dealers) or on any other pesticides excert those packaged only for home and garden use must pass a qualifying examination given by the State Department of Agriculture and the license must be renewed yearly. Pesticide Use Permits State regulations restrict the use of 41 pesticides to commercial producers, commercial applicators, and government agencies and these are only to be sold by licensed pesticide dealers. Seventeen of these may be sold only to users who obtain <m annual permit. The purpose of the perm it is to make sure that the most dangerous pesticides are sold only to persons experiP'lCN'l in their use and aware of their hazards. Improper use can result in revocation of the permit. Any pesticide dealer authorized by the State Department of Agriculture may issue a permit immediately before a sale. A licensed pesticide applicator does not need to obtain a permit. Pesticides that require a permit are: Bidrin DOD DDT D i-Syston-1 iqu id Endrin-2.5 percent and above Parathion and methyl parathion-1.1 percent and above Phosdrin Schradan (OMPA) Sodium arsenite Systox (demeton) Temik TEPP Thimet (phorate)-liquid Tordon-for some uses 2,4-0-all volatile formulations used in eastern Washington Z inophos The distribution, use, or application of all high volatile ester formulations of 2,4 -0 is prohibited t.hr0ugho11t the state of Washington through December 31,1975. The regulations spell out the responsibilities of every person who handles these and other hiahly to ic p•,.;ticides. For example, they cannot be transported in the same vehicle with food, clothing, or any other material intended for human or animal consumption. The pesticides and their containers cannot be discarded or stored in a manner that injures humans, plal"'t life, croos, livestock, wildlife, or pollinating insects or pollutes any water supply or waterway. They cannot be delivered unless the consi gneP or his agent is present to accept delivery and signs a delivery slip. Complete state pesticide laws and regulations may be obtained frorn Pest !cide Aranch, Wash i n~ tn'1 Sta!P. D(>na rtment of Agriculture, Yakima County Courthouse, P.O. Box 617, Yakima, Washington 98907, or from 406 Genera l A. dm i n i
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