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Mezinárodní Komparace Vysokorychlostních Tratí

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Mezinárodní Komparace Vysokorychlostních Tratí Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Studijní obor: Hospodářská politika MEZINÁRODNÍ KOMPARACE VYSOKORYCHLOSTNÍCH TRATÍ International comparison of high-speed rails Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Autor: doc. Ing. Martin Kvizda, Ph.D. Bc. Barbora KUKLOVÁ Brno, 2018 MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Ekonomicko-správní fakulta ZADÁNÍ DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE Akademický rok: 2017/2018 Studentka: Bc. Barbora Kuklová Obor: Hospodářská politika Název práce: Mezinárodní komparace vysokorychlostích tratí Název práce anglicky: International comparison of high-speed rails Cíl práce, postup a použité metody: Cíl práce: Cílem práce je komparace systémů vysokorychlostní železniční dopravy ve vybra- ných zemích, následné určení, který z modelů se nejvíce blíží zamýšlené vysoko- rychlostní dopravě v České republice, a ze srovnání plynoucí soupis doporučení pro ČR. Pracovní postup: Předmětem práce bude vymezení, kategorizace a rozčlenění vysokorychlostních tratí dle jednotlivých zemí, ze kterých budou dle zadaných kritérií vybrány ty státy, kde model vysokorychlostních tratí alespoň částečně odpovídá zamýšlenému sys- tému v ČR. Následovat bude vlastní komparace vysokorychlostních tratí v těchto vybraných státech a aplikace na český dopravní systém. Struktura práce: 1. Úvod 2. Kategorizace a členění vysokorychlostních tratí a stanovení hodnotících kritérií 3. Výběr relevantních zemí 4. Komparace systémů ve vybraných zemích 5. Vyhodnocení výsledků a aplikace na Českou republiku 6. Závěr Rozsah grafických prací: Podle pokynů vedoucího práce Rozsah práce bez příloh: 60 – 80 stran Literatura: A handbook of transport economics / edited by André de Palma ... [et al.]. Edited by André De Palma. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011. xviii, 904. ISBN 9781847202031. Analytical studies in transport economics. Edited by Andrew F. Daughety. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. ix, 253. ISBN 9780521268103. Analytical transport economics : an international perspective. Edited by Jacob Bernard Polak - Arnold Heertje. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2000. xx, 418. ISBN 1858987865. COLE, Stuart. Applied transport economics : policy, management & decision making. 3rd ed. London: Kogan Page, 2005. xiv, 449. ISBN 074944102X. Evaluating high-speed rail : interdisciplinary perspectives. Edited by Daniel Alba- late - Germà Bel. First edition. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. xv, 192. ISBN 9781138123595. Strana 1 z 2 Handbook of research methods and applications in transport economics and policy. Edited by Chris Nash. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2015. ix, 444. ISBN 9780857937926. QUINET, Emile a Roger VICKERMAN. Principles of transport economics. Chelte- nham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2004. xii, 385. ISBN 97818408652. BAMFORD, C. G. Transport economics. Fourth edition. Harlow: Heinemann, 2006. iv, 123. ISBN 9780435332341. BUTTON, Kenneth John. Transport economics. 3rd ed. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2010. x, 511. ISBN 9781840641912. Transport economics : selected readings. Edited by Tae Hoon Oum. 1st ed. Lon- don: Routledge, 1997. xvii, 691. ISBN 9057021862. MALLARD, Graham a Stephen GLAISTER. Transport economics : theory, ap- plication and policy. 1st ed. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. xv, 315. ISBN 9780230516878. Vedoucí práce: doc. Ing. Martin Kvizda, Ph.D. Pracoviště vedoucího práce: Katedra ekonomie Datum zadání práce: 1. 2. 2017 Termín odevzdání diplomové práce a vložení do IS je uveden v platném harmonogramu akademického roku. V Brně dne: 6. 5. 2018 Strana 2 z 2 Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Barbora Kuklová Název diplomové práce: Mezinárodní komparace vysokorychlostních tratí Název práce v angličtině: International comparison of high-speed rails Katedra: Katedra ekonomie Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. Ing. Martin Kvizda, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2018 Anotace Cílem diplomové práce je komparace systémů vysokorychlostní železniční dopravy ve vybraných zemích, určení, který z modelů se nejvíce blíží zamýšlené vysokorychlostní dopravě v České republice, a ze srovnání plynoucí soupis doporučení pro ČR. První část práce se zabývá teorií vysokorychlostních spojení, dále jsou komparovány vybrané země dle vytvořených pracovních skupin a na závěr následuje komplexní vyhodnocení sledovaných zemí a příklady dobré praxe, aplikovatelné na ČR. Annotation The aim of the master‘s thesis is to compare high speed rail transport systems in selected countries, to determine which of the models is most closely approaching the intended high speed transport in the Czech Republic and to define a list of recommendations for the Czech Republic based on the comparisons. The first part of the thesis deals with the theory of high- speed connections, as next the selected countries are compared according to the created working groups and, at last, follow a comprehensive evaluation of the monitored countries and examples of good practice applicable to the Czech Republic. Klíčová slova Dopravní politika, mezinárodní komparace, vysokorychlostní tratě, VRT, železniční doprava Keywords Transport policy, international comparison, high speed rail, HSR, rail transport Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci Mezinárodní komparace vysokorychlostních tratí vypracovala samostatně pod vedením doc. Ing. Martina Kvizdy, Ph.D. a uvedla v ní všechny použité literární a jiné odborné zdroje v souladu s právními předpisy, vnitřními předpisy Masarykovy univerzity a vnitřními akty řízení Masarykovy univerzity a Ekonomicko-správní fakulty MU. V Brně dne 10. 5. 2018 Poděkování Ráda bych touto cestou poděkovala doc. Ing. Martinu Kvizdovi, Ph.D., za vysoce odborné vedení práce a velké množství podnětů k tématu. Dále mé poděkování patří Ing. Editě Lukáškové a Ing. Matúši Slivkovi za cenné postřehy a pomoc s metodologií. OBSAH 1 ÚVOD .......................................................................................................................................... 9 2 KATEGORIZACE, VÝVOJ A ČLENĚNÍ VRT ....................................................................... 10 2.1 Definice a možné přístupy k VRT ............................................................................................ 10 2.2 Současné technologie ............................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Konkurenceschopnost a udržitelnost ........................................................................................ 13 3 VÝBĚR RELEVANTNÍCH ZEMÍ A STANOVENÍ HODNOTICÍCH KRITÉRIÍ ................. 17 3.1 Metodika rozřazení států do skupin .......................................................................................... 17 3.2 Výběr relevantních zemí ........................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Hodnoticí kritéria ............................................................................................................... 22 4 MEZINÁRODNÍ KOMPARACE VRT .................................................................................... 25 4.1 Největší státy ............................................................................................................................ 25 4.2 Středně velké státy s nízkou hustotou zalidnění ....................................................................... 36 4.3 Středně velké státy s vysokou hustotou zalidnění .................................................................... 45 4.4 Malé země ................................................................................................................................ 58 5 VYHODNOCENÍ A DOPORUČENÍ ........................................................................................ 68 5.1 Vyhodnocení komparací ........................................................................................................... 68 5.2 Doporučení pro ČR................................................................................................................... 80 6 ZÁVĚR ...................................................................................................................................... 86 7 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH ZDROJŮ ........................................................................................... 87 8 SEZNAM TABULEK, MAP A GRAFŮ ................................................................................. 100 7.1 Seznam tabulek ....................................................................................................................... 100 7.2 Seznam map............................................................................................................................ 100 7.3 Seznam grafů .......................................................................................................................... 101 9 SEZNAM ZKRATEK .............................................................................................................. 102 10 PŘÍLOHY…………………………………………………………………………………….103 1 ÚVOD Z pohledu cestujícího v sobě vysokorychlostní železnice spojuje výhody rychlého přesunu na střední a delší vzdálenosti, pohodlí, bezpečí a nízké zátěže pro životní prostředí. Z hlediska výstavby je ovšem plánování vysokorychlostní tratě (dále jen VRT) komplexním a dlouhodobým procesem, a to zejména kvůli finanční náročnosti budování nové železniční infrastruktury. První VRT bylo v roce 1964 spojení japonského Tokia a Osaky tratí pojmenovanou Shinkansen. V roce 1981 byl zahájen provoz francouzskými TGV, Train à Grande Vitesse, na vysokorychlostní trati mezi Paříží a Lyonem. Rentabilita obou projektů podpořila výstavbu
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