Gods & Goddesses
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How Uniform Was the Old Norse Religion?
II. Old Norse Myth and Society HOW UNIFORM WAS THE OLD NORSE RELIGION? Stefan Brink ne often gets the impression from handbooks on Old Norse culture and religion that the pagan religion that was supposed to have been in Oexistence all over pre-Christian Scandinavia and Iceland was rather homogeneous. Due to the lack of written sources, it becomes difficult to say whether the ‘religion’ — or rather mythology, eschatology, and cult practice, which medieval sources refer to as forn siðr (‘ancient custom’) — changed over time. For obvious reasons, it is very difficult to identify a ‘pure’ Old Norse religion, uncorroded by Christianity since Scandinavia did not exist in a cultural vacuum.1 What we read in the handbooks is based almost entirely on Snorri Sturluson’s representation and interpretation in his Edda of the pre-Christian religion of Iceland, together with the ambiguous mythical and eschatological world we find represented in the Poetic Edda and in the filtered form Saxo Grammaticus presents in his Gesta Danorum. This stance is more or less presented without reflection in early scholarship, but the bias of the foundation is more readily acknowledged in more recent works.2 In the textual sources we find a considerable pantheon of gods and goddesses — Þórr, Óðinn, Freyr, Baldr, Loki, Njo3rðr, Týr, Heimdallr, Ullr, Bragi, Freyja, Frigg, Gefjon, Iðunn, et cetera — and euhemerized stories of how the gods acted and were characterized as individuals and as a collective. Since the sources are Old Icelandic (Saxo’s work appears to have been built on the same sources) one might assume that this religious world was purely Old 1 See the discussion in Gro Steinsland, Norrøn religion: Myter, riter, samfunn (Oslo: Pax, 2005). -
Ullr Snow Sports Student Orientation
Ullr Snow Sports Student Orientation Winter - 2021 1 Ver. 4 Agenda • Who is Ullr? • Directions to the Ullr class meeting area • When will classes be held • Winter sports checklist • How we learn • COVID Social Distancing • Parents – Questions and Answers 2 Who is Ullr? – Ullr, Uller, Ull, Wulder - Winter God of archery, skiing and yew magic. Stepson of Thor. – His name means "The Brilliant One" and he is associated with the Aurora Borealis. At some time in history, Ullr was held to be just as important as Odin, and in winter he was considered to be the ruler in Asgard. – He is the diety of choice for snow lovers and also the name invoked for good luck. – He was adopted into Christianity as St. Hubert, the patron saint of hunters. – The month preceding the winter solstice (Yule time) was his month. He was recognized as having the powers to shield, as his snows shield the earth in winter. 3 Directions to the class meeting area • At the Ullr Building next to the bottom of the Triple-60 lift – Look for the large ULLR on the side of the building 4 When - The Class Schedule – Saturdays start Jan. 16th – Sundays start Jan. 17th – No classes over Presidents Day weekend Feb.13th and 14th – Daily Schedule • All classes are two hours (unless there are 2 students or less) • Morning class – 10 AM • Afternoon class - 1 PM • Please be there 20 minutes early for COVID screening • PLEASE, be at the class sign after 2 hours to pick up your student 5 When –Get To Your Class On Time • Please be at the meeting area 20 minutes early for your COVID screening. -
Thor's Return of the Giant Geirrod's Red-Hot Missile Seen in a Cosmic Context
Thor’s Return of the Giant Geirrod’s Red-Hot Missile Seen in a Cosmic Context EMILY LYLE University of Edinburgh Abstract Discussion of the specific episode is preceded by a brief presentation of current theory concerning Indo-European myth in its cosmological framework to provide context. In the cosmological view sketched by Michael Witzel inThe Origins of the World’s Mythologies, the hero/young god must engage in a series of feats to create the conditions for human life to flourish. I have suggested that the conditions before the hero’s actions in the Indo-European context are envisaged as the extremes: too close; too hot; too dry; and too wet. It is argued that this particular threat is ‘too hot’ and comes from a giant figure who is one of the old gods, probably identifiable as Odin. When Geirrod throws a red-hot missile at Thor, Thor catches it and kills the giant when he sends it back. The related stories of Thor’s visit to Utgarthaloki and Thorstein’s visit to Geirrod are also treated, and attention is drawn to Welsh and Irish parallels which make an equivalence between thrown weapon and destructive gaze. It is suggested that the story may culminate in the motif of eye as star found separately. Keywords: Edda, giants, Indo-European cosmology, Odin, Old Norse mythology, Thor In order that the proposed cosmic interpretation of the specific episode of Thor’s return of Geirrod’s missile can be received and considered, it may be helpful to provide preliminary notes on the whole cosmological approach now available to scholars. -
GIANTS and GIANTESSES a Study in Norse Mythology and Belief by Lotte Motz - Hunter College, N.Y
GIANTS AND GIANTESSES A study in Norse mythology and belief by Lotte Motz - Hunter College, N.Y. The family of giants plays apart of great importance in North Germanic mythology, as this is presented in the 'Eddas'. The phy sical environment as weIl as the race of gods and men owe their existence ultimately to the giants, for the world was shaped from a giant's body and the gods, who in turn created men, had de scended from the mighty creatures. The energy and efforts of the ruling gods center on their battles with trolls and giants; yet even so the world will ultimately perish through the giants' kindling of a deadly blaze. In the narratives which are concerned with human heroes trolls and giants enter, shape, and direct, more than other superhuman forces, the life of the protagonist. The mountains, rivers, or valleys of Iceland and Scandinavia are often designated with a giant's name, and royal houses, famous heroes, as weIl as leading families among the Icelandic settlers trace their origin to a giant or a giantess. The significance of the race of giants further is affirmed by the recor ding and the presence of several hundred giant-names in the Ice landic texts. It is not surprising that students of Germanic mythology and religion have probed the nature of the superhuman family. Thus giants were considered to be the representatives of untamed na ture1, the forces of sterility and death, the destructive powers of 1. Wolfgang Golther, Handbuch der germanischen Mythologie, Leipzig 1895, quoted by R.Broderius, The Giant in Germanic Tradition, Diss. -
Gylfaginning Codex Regius, F
Snorri Sturluson Edda Prologue and Gylfaginning Codex Regius, f. 7v (reduced) (see pp. 26/34–28/1) Snorri Sturluson Edda Prologue and Gylfaginning Edited by ANTHONY FAULKES SECOND EDITION VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 2005 © Anthony Faulkes 1982/2005 Second Edition 2005 First published by Oxford University Press in 1982 Reissued by Viking Society for Northern Research 1988, 2000 Reprinted 2011 ISBN 978 0 903521 64 2 Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter Contents Codex Regius, fol. 7v ..........................................................Frontispiece Abbreviated references ....................................................................... vii Introduction ..........................................................................................xi Synopsis ..........................................................................................xi The author ..................................................................................... xii The title ....................................................................................... xvii The contents of Snorri’s Edda ................................................... xviii Models and sources ........................................................................ xx Manuscripts .............................................................................. xxviii Bibliography ...............................................................................xxxi Text ....................................................................................................... -
(“Spider-Man”) Cr
PRIVILEGED ATTORNEY-CLIENT COMMUNICATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT (“SPIDER-MAN”) CREATIVE ISSUES This memo summarizes certain terms of the Second Amended and Restated License Agreement (“Spider-Man”) between SPE and Marvel, effective September 15, 2011 (the “Agreement”). 1. CHARACTERS AND OTHER CREATIVE ELEMENTS: a. Exclusive to SPE: . The “Spider-Man” character, “Peter Parker” and essentially all existing and future alternate versions, iterations, and alter egos of the “Spider- Man” character. All fictional characters, places structures, businesses, groups, or other entities or elements (collectively, “Creative Elements”) that are listed on the attached Schedule 6. All existing (as of 9/15/11) characters and other Creative Elements that are “Primarily Associated With” Spider-Man but were “Inadvertently Omitted” from Schedule 6. The Agreement contains detailed definitions of these terms, but they basically conform to common-sense meanings. If SPE and Marvel cannot agree as to whether a character or other creative element is Primarily Associated With Spider-Man and/or were Inadvertently Omitted, the matter will be determined by expedited arbitration. All newly created (after 9/15/11) characters and other Creative Elements that first appear in a work that is titled or branded with “Spider-Man” or in which “Spider-Man” is the main protagonist (but not including any team- up work featuring both Spider-Man and another major Marvel character that isn’t part of the Spider-Man Property). The origin story, secret identities, alter egos, powers, costumes, equipment, and other elements of, or associated with, Spider-Man and the other Creative Elements covered above. The story lines of individual Marvel comic books and other works in which Spider-Man or other characters granted to SPE appear, subject to Marvel confirming ownership. -
Barbarian Liquor Rituals
Hugvísindasvið A GIANTESS DECEIVED A Re-Investigation into the Origins and Functions of Hávamál Stanzas 104-110 in the Light of Sacral Kingship Ritgerð til M.A.-prófs Dorian Knight Maí 2012 Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Medieval Icelandic Studies A GIANTESS DECEIVED A Re-Investigation into the Origins and Functions of Hávamál Stanzas 104-110 in the Light of Sacral Kingship Ritgerð til M.A.-prófs Dorian Knight Kt.: 230584-5169 Leiðbeinandi: Gísli Sigurðsson Maí 2012 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my parents who inspired me in the first place and whose financial contributions have allowed me to follow my interests, and to Zuz, who helped me in more ways than she knows. I would also like to greatly thank my friends in Iceland for all the memorable times we have shared and my supervisor Gísli Sigurðsson and Torfi Tulinius, the director of the M.A. programme in Medieval Icelandic Studies, for academic guidance when and where necessary. ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) The thesis illuminates stanzas 104-110 in Hávamál as a motif of initiation into sacral kingship by a comparison to the very same theme within Celtic mythology. Using Gísli Sigurðsson‟s premise that the oral background to much eddic poetry was more open to Gaelic influence than normally assumed and the inherent conservatism of the pagan Irish sacral kingship tradition I will focus on the following points: through a detailed analysis and comparison of a selected 11th century Old Irish text I illustrate that salient mythological aspects in Hávamál point to an initiation into sacral kingship underlying the text. Furthermore, in a similar manner to that which Gro Steinsland has recently provided for certain other eddic poems I attempt to show that these stanzas in Hávamál were written by a Christian editor/scribe using the hieros gamos motif on behalf of a Norwegian royal lineage, with Gunnlöð as an ancestress of Hörðaland. -
Dragon Magazine #100
D RAGON 1 22 45 SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS In the center: SAGA OF OLD CITY Poster Art by Clyde Caldwell, soon to be the cover of an exciting new novel 4 5 THE CITY BEYOND THE GATE Robert Schroeck The longest, and perhaps strongest, AD&D® adventure weve ever done 2 2 At Moonset Blackcat Comes Gary Gygax 34 Gary gives us a glimpse of Gord, with lots more to come Publisher Mike Cook 3 4 DRAGONCHESS Gary Gygax Rules for a fantastic new version of an old game Editor-in-Chief Kim Mohan Editorial staff OTHER FEATURES Patrick Lucien Price Roger Moore 6 Score one for Sabratact Forest Baker Graphics and production Role-playing moves onto the battlefield Roger Raupp Colleen OMalley David C. Sutherland III 9 All about the druid/ranger Frank Mentzer Heres how to get around the alignment problem Subscriptions Georgia Moore 12 Pages from the Mages V Ed Greenwood Advertising Another excursion into Elminsters memory Patricia Campbell Contributing editors 86 The chance of a lifetime Doug Niles Ed Greenwood Reminiscences from the BATTLESYSTEM Supplement designer . Katharine Kerr 96 From first draft to last gasp Michael Dobson This issues contributing artists . followed by the recollections of an out-of-breath editor Dennis Kauth Roger Raupp Jim Roslof 100 Compressor Michael Selinker Marvel Bullpen An appropriate crossword puzzle for our centennial issue Dave Trampier Jeff Marsh Tony Moseley DEPARTMENTS Larry Elmore 3 Letters 101 World Gamers Guide 109 Dragonmirth 10 The forum 102 Convention calendar 110 Snarfquest 69 The ARES Section 107 Wormy COVER Its fitting that an issue filled with things weve never done before should start off with a cover thats unlike any of the ninety-nine that preceded it. -
A Handbook of Norse Mythology
A HANDBOOK OF NORSE MYTHOLOGY BY KARL MORTENSEN DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN ; ADJUNCT AT THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL (ROYAL GYMNASIUM) AT ODENSB TRANSLATED FROM THE DANISH BY A. CLINTON CROWELL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY 1 ' , . * ' ' - r , * - . l I I . , NEW YORK THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY PUBLISHERS THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY. Published March, 1913. This compilation © Phoenix E-Books UK AUTHOR'S PREFACE THIS popular presentation of the myths and sagas which took shape here in the North but whose foundation is common property of all the people who speak a Gothic-Germanic language, first appeared in 1898 and has been used since then in the study of Xorse Mythology in the high schools and universities of all the Scandina- vian countries. Since Professor Crowell has thought that the little book might also achieve a modest success in the youngest but richest and.mosi powerful branch which has grown iron, cur ccmin-on >;uot, I have without hesitation, accopte^ his friendly pro- posal to transjate.jc into English. I find r great satisfaction m, hav -;ig my work put into the world's most comprehensive lan- guage and placed before students in the United States, where I have so many friends, where so many relatives and fel- low-countrymen have found a home and a iii iv AUTHOR'S PREFACE future, and toward which country we Northerners look with the deepest admira- tion and respect for the mighty forces which are seeking to control material things and to break new ground in the infinite realms of the intellect. -
Year 7: Myths and Legends Home Pack
Year 7: Myths and Legends home pack Name: Form: Teacher: School week 7 W.C. 02.11.2020 Lesson 1: This week, you are going to look at the introduction of the human hero. Previously to this, our focus has been on characters who are Gods or part of the supernatural in some way. What is a hero? How many examples can you give of a hero? • • • • • • Below are Propp’s character conventions. These are characters you can expect to see in a traditional adventure story and what their role is. How do you think the heroic figure has changed over time? Think about what the Greek expectations were, then Roman and what we are familiar with today. Greek Roman Modern In the past, we have looked at heroes as masculine figures. Do you think this is still relevant today? Do we expect heroes to be masculine? Explain your thinking. Why is it important to have a human hero? How does it impact the story and the reader’s relationship with it? Lesson 2: What are the purpose of the following characters, according to Propp’s conventions. Do this from memory first and then you can look back to complete any that are missing. Hero – Villain – Doner – Helper – Princess – Dispatcher – Princess’ father – False hero - Read ‘The Sword in the Stone’. Does it fit any of the seven basic plots? Which one and why? How is Arthur presented as a heroic character? Use the questions below to help you: What is Arthur like? Arthur is presented as a heroic character as he is… How does the text show us this? This is shown when… The Sword in the Stone Our story begins in the fifth century with King Uther who reigned in the south of Britain. -
Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Cultural History Commons, Disability Studies Commons, European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Folklore Commons, History of Religion Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lawson, Michael David, "Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3538. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3538 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia ————— A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University ————— In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree -
The Divine Appearance of Härn
The divine appearance of Härn THE DIVINE APPEARANCE OF HÄRN Determining the identity of a Bronze Age metal hoard Magdalena This article aims to investigate the mysterious divinity Härn on the basis of a Bronze Age metal hoard from Forsgren Härnevi in Uppland. The premise is that this hoard rep- resents a cultural category that reflects a divine concept that must be investigated in order to understand the meaning behind the deposition. Through mythological parallels, Härn’s characteristics will be explored as well as the relation between the sun and fertility across time and space. It is suggested that Härn originally was a sun goddess emanating from the Bronze Age and related to the Norse goddesses Njärd and Freyja. Key words: Härnevi, metal hoard, Bronze Age, com- parative mythology, folklore, sun, fertility INTRODUCTION How is it possible to obtain knowledge about the characteristics of an unknown divinity such as Härn who only occurs in a few Swedish place names? The name Härnevi had attracted interest for a long time (Grau 1754; Ekblom 1872), but it was not until Hans Hildebrand (1899:6) drew attention to the sacral meaning of the second part of the place name that discussions started as to which divinity *Härn referred to; compound place names with -vi are usually theophoric. Magnus Olsen suggested in 1908 that Härn was related to one of Freyja’s second names, Hørn, mentioned in Snorre’s Edda. Nevertheless, it was Hans Sperber’s (1912) suggestion that Härn is derived from an old word for Current Swedish Archaeology, Vol 18, 2010 105 Magdalena Forsgren flax which drew the greatest support.