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African Air Chiefs Symposium Employing the Network of African Airman to Increase African Aviation Capacity

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African Air Chiefs Symposium Employing the Network of African Airman to Increase African Aviation Capacity AFRICAN AIR CHIEFS SYMPOSIUM EMPLOYING THE NETWORK OF AFRICAN AIRMAN TO INCREASE AFRICAN AVIATION CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14-17 September 2015 Nouakchott, Mauritania United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) – United States Air Forces Africa (AFAFRICA) and the Etat Major de l’Armée de l’Air des Forces Aérienne de Mauritanie (Headquarters Mauritanian Air Force) co-hosted the fifth annual African Air Chiefs Symposium. Air Force Chiefs of Staff and Deputy Chiefs of Staff from eighteen African countries1 participated in the event, which focused on continuing to build a network of airmen to increase the capabilities of airpower in Africa. The symposium goals included: improving air operations across the continent; identifying key policy, institutional, operational, and capacity challenges confronting African Air Chiefs; exchanging ideas on how to develop African airpower to effectively support the full range of military operations; providing a venue where African air force leaders can network, build trust, and define areas for future operational cooperation; laying the foundation to expand the forum into a decision-making organization; incorporating the African Union (AU) to address continental-wide air requirements; promoting the relevance of airpower in joint and multi-national operations using vignettes and examples of air force successes presented by Air Chiefs; and lastly, developing an action plan that outlines specific items to accomplish in the near-term. Throughout the week, the air chiefs examined the role of airpower in providing security in their countries and regions, the challenges facing this objective, and the steps they must take to reach their goals. They specifically noted the importance of political will and the pervasive lack of familiarity with the role of air forces in providing security. They examined potential opportunities to 1 Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, and Tunisia. pool resources through the regional economic communities’ military standby brigades to provide airpower. Lieutenant Colonel Harvey presented on Aviation Enterprise Development and was followed by Wing Commander Atiemo, who discussed AU air initiatives. During the symposium, the air chiefs learned about the Movement Coordination Centre Europe (MCCE) and Lieutenant Colonel Ata indicated that this would be a potential model for pooling African airpower. General Badi, Commander, Moi Air Base in Kenya, provided background on the successes and challenges of employing intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) in the fight against Al Shabab. Colonel McGee, the Director of Intelligence at USAFE-AFAFRICA Headquarters, discussed how ISR can be resourced, developed and utilized to meet strategic objectives (such as countering insurgency or countering violent extremist organizations). Major Saum, a mobility subject matter expert from the Operations Directorate at USAFE-AFAFRICA Headquarters, provided a case study of Operation UNITED ASSISTANCE, the US effort to support the fight against Ebola in West Africa. Next, General Diop, Chief of Staff of the Senegalese Air Force, led a discussion about air mobility and opportunities to work to better pool air mobility and support for national, regional and continental military objectives, especially deploying and supporting peacekeeping forces. Then, Col Hickman, Senior Air Battle Manager at USAFE-AFAFRICA, outlined some command and control principles. In an area of increasing importance, Commandant Abache, Deputy Chief of Operations of the Nigerien Air Force, provided a vignette on Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC) operations followed by Lieutenant Colonel Estoup, a subject matter expert from Special Operations Command Africa Headquarters, who discussed air-to-ground coordination and provided a forum for expanding the capabilities to support operations in this domain. Finally, Mauritania, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire and the United States of America signed the charter establishing the Association of African Air Forces during an official ceremony. The remaining delegations were supportive of the charter and were only awaiting approval from their leadership to sign the document. Key Themes and Recommendations a. The importance of emphasizing the role of aviation in economic development Throughout the symposium the challenges of economic development were raised as not only one of the factors influencing violent extremists, but also as an area hindering the development of air power. However, as a method of communicating the value of airpower from a security perspective, its role in developing national industries and transportation is also important to highlight. As an example of how this can play out positively, several countries have achieved some small successes in this important role. One area that was discussed is how military training of pilots eventually flows into the civilian industry (which can also create retention problems) and serves an overall catalyst. The same is true for aircraft maintainers or airfield operators when they leave the military. The development of aviation infrastructure and institutions supports more than just defense and is a key component for development writ large and is an important point of emphasis when communicating requirements to political or military leadership who often lack an airman’s perspective. b. The transnational problems of Africa demand air power and international cooperation Following the brief by Mr. Dahane Ahmed Mahmoud of the Mauritanian Institute for Strategic Studies, there was a significant discussion on the causes of violent extremism and terrorism and the needs to confront them. The air chiefs noted the transnational nature of the current security challenges and argued that they require continental, regional, bilateral, and multilateral cooperation for effective responses. They also stressed the advanced preparation and planning that are key to successful collaboration. This is specifically true for airborne ISR to help leaders make informed decisions. However, it’s also important for rapid mobility, transportation and lift to get troops where they need to be in a timely manner, and air interdiction and close air support to aid ground forces. Not every country will be able to support all of these mission sets and the pooling of resources seems a promising compromise in order to confront broad transnational challenges. Aviation is critical to the entire problem set because of the scale of logistical support as well as medical evacuation requirements for those injured while executing the missions. c. The increasingly critical role that regional groups play in building airpower While initially the Chiefs expressed much frustration with the actual capabilities of some of the regional bodies (i.e. regional standby brigades), after considerable discussion, the group by and large agreed that the military standby component of the RECs are very important vehicles for building airpower. Every group is different however. For example, the South African Development Cooperative (SADC) conducts an annual air exercise – Exercise Blue. SADC is an example of how southern states are working at the regional level to examine how best to pool different national contributions to satisfy the various scenarios that their militaries are tasked to support (e.g. floods in Mozambique). Interoperability remains a significant stumbling block as the funding challenges of the past few decades have left most nations with small fleets of disparate aircraft and supply chains. In general, the AU believes that capabilities exist on the continent that could be used and have had several meetings and discussions with the MCCE and others on potential models to leverage these capabilities. However, neither the AU nor the RECs have yet determined a plan to move forward. d. Building air power in Africa requires creative solutions Several vignettes were presented that show ways to build capabilities in a political environment where the positive effects aren’t always well understood and budgets are always tight. One area that has shown significant success is in Public Private Partnerships (PPP). Another example was working with other regional or international organizations such as the UN. The Ghanaian Air Force (GAF) discussed how the Ghanaians have embarked upon the laudable goal of building their Air Force capabilities by supporting peace keeping operations on behalf of the UN in Mali. This is providing the GAF the distinctive opportunity to build Air Force expeditionary capabilities with its Casa 295. They are currently under contract to have one aircraft available in Mali for a variety of missions. This has resulted in an agreement to purchase a third Casa 295 and consideration to purchase another. They are growing significant capability that will support the UN as well as potentially the AU and ECOWAS Brigade (ECOBRIG) in addition to the government of Ghana. Other nations have similar endeavors with respect to rotatory programs; however, there are significant gaps between the requirements for medium and strategic airlift and the ability of African air forces to meet these requirements. Leveraging these non-traditional roles to gain experience and funding is something that can benefit all of these growing Air Forces. e. Efforts to build infrastructure requires more funding and attention than is often given Airmen need to
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