12886 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 8, 1965 By Mr. RACE: PETITIONS, ETC. man rights in South Africa; to the Commit­ H.R. 8874. A bill for the relief of Joanne tee on Foreign Affairs. Van Den Berg; to the Committee on the Ju­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions 224. Also, petition circulated by· the West diciary. and papers were laid on the Clerk's ·desk Side Democratic Club, Fifth Assembly Dis­ By Mr. SWEENEY: and referred as follows: trict, New York County, N.Y., containing H.R. 8875. A bill for the relief of John 2,111' signatures in support of the Missis­ W. C. Wong, M.D.; to the Committee on the 223. By Mr. RYAN: Petition of the Episco­ sippi Freedom Democratic Party and the Judiciary. pal Diocese of New York urging the U.S. Gov­ challenge to the 5 Members of Congress from By Mr. THOMPSON Of Texas: ernment to show its abhorrance of South Mississippi who are presently seated in the H.R. 8876. A bill for the relief of Giuseppe Africa's racial policies and continue its work House of Representatives; to the Committee Di Paola; to the Committee on the Judiciary. for a just and equitable resolution for hu- on House Administration.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

The People of the Seventh District of sentative of the great Seventh District This free exchange of views between the of Alabama to give the people, for the people and their representative is an Alabama Speak first time, an opportunity to share with important part of the successful func­ their representative in Congress their tioning of representative government. EXTENSION OF REMARKS views on the vital issues of the day. The I want to congratulate the people of OF return on the questionnaire I sent to my the Seventh District on the thought and constituents exceeded 11 percent and is care with which they considered this HON. JAMES D. MARTIN an indication of the interest and con­ questionnaire. It is a tribute to the in­ OJ' ALABAMA cern of our people in all of the problems telligence and dedication to democratic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES facing our Nation and the world. principles of the people I have the honor In addition to answering the questions, to represent. I am sure my colleagues Tuesday, June 8, 1965 many of the returned questionnaires were would be interested in the results of this Mr. MARTIN of Alabama. Mr. accompanied by letters and remarks de­ poll and I include it as a part of these Speaker. it was my privilege as repre- tailing a specific concern of the writer. remarks: Results of 7th District, Alabama, questionnaire

Percent

Yes No

1. Do you believe the Federal Government must operate within a balanced budget?------89.6 6.9 2. Do you favor a medical care program for the elderly through- (a) Increasing social security taxes? ____ ----____ ------___ ------_------______------_------___ _ 16.2 18. 2 0 27.6 5. 6 ~~? ~~!t;;;. bf~:Sv!ft~~~~<;fe~~r~!~:Cfp~~:~~~~======::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::======::::::: 40.1 4. 2 3. Would you favor Federal aid to education even if it meant Federal control of school&- (a) For teachers' salaries?------11.8 78.4 (b) For school construction? ___ ------_ - ---_~------_------__ ------_------16.8 'Tl. 8 ( c) For any other purpose? ______------__ : ______------______------_ 9.1 71. 6 4. Do you favor the proposal to change the present quota system to increase immigration from the Pacific-Asian and African nations? ______4.1 89. 6 5. Do you(a) favorForeign a sharp aid to reduction Communist ln- nations? ______.; ______81.8 12. 9 (b) Foreign aid to our allies?------­ 63. 8 28.1 (c) All foreign aid spending?------69. 5 23. 0 6. Do you favor a minimum guaranteed living of $3,000 per year at taxpayers' expense for all Americans whether or net they earn it?______4. 6 91.3 7. Labor: . . (a) Do you favor repeal of sec. 14B of the Taft-Hartley Act which would make State right-to-work laws illegal?_------­ 16.4 64.0 (b) Do you favor leaving the right-to-work laws on the books under the control of the States?------79.2 8. 9 8. Do you favor expanding peaceful coerlstence with Soviet Russia and other Communist nations?_------40.0 46.8 9. Do you favor an amendment to the Constitution which again would make prayers legal in our schoolsT------89.9 5.8 10. Do you favor- (a) Repeal of the civil rights bill? ___ ------62.3 10.2 (b) Modification of the civil rights bill?------34.8 6. 5 11. Do you favor an agricultural program which will- (a) Maintain rigid supports and quotas to regulate farm economyT ______16. 7 6.6 (b) Gradually ease supports allowing farm commodjties to seek a free market?------fl0. 9 1.9 (c) Have no supports, no controls, immediate free farm economy? ______14. 9 5.6 12. Do you favor doing away with the Army Reserve and combining its functions with the National Guard?------36. o· 46.1 13. Do you favor a proposal now being discussed for introduction to Congress that would require you to register your firearms? ______38.3 54. 9 14. Do you favor reapportionment of the State legislature by- (a) Federal Government ______4. 7 26.4 (b) State Government______------______-----~------______89. 0 3. 0

Duncan Urges National Research Policy higher education system-and ultimately Oregon's [Mr. DUNCAN] testimony in upon the structure of our economy. In the RECORD at this point: EXTENSION OF REMARKS testimony ·last week before the Senate URGES NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY · OJ' Subcommittee on Employment and Man­ (Statement by Representative ROBERT · B. power he made a strong case for a co­ DUNCAN, of Oregon, before the Subcommit­ HON. AL ULLMAN ordinated policy of Federal research and tee on Employment and Manpower of the OF OREGON Senate Labor and Public Welfare Commit­ development that would recognize the tee during hearings on the impact of Fed­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES very real national danger in such con­ eral research and development policies on Tuesday, June 8, 1965 centrations and would provide that fu­ scientific and technical manpower, June 3, 1965) Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, my dis­ ture funds for research and development be allocated in the long range national Mr. Chairman, members o.f the committee, tinguished colleague, the gentleman I appreciate your kindness in permitting me from Oregon [Mr. DUNCAN]. has recently interest. to appear before your committee this morn­ im­ expressed grave concern over the exten­ I know that this information is ing. I requeste.d t~is opportunity, not be­ sive concentration of Federal programs portant to those of our colleagues who cause I pretend to any expertise in research of scientific research and the inipact. of share a concern over the present trend, and· development policies, but because I am these concentrations on the NatiOn's and place t~e text of the gentleman from deeply concerned about the impact of these June 8, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 12887 policies on the educational, economic, and velopment funds that is correlated with the Dollars for R. & D. to profit organizations per social fabric of our Nation. broad and long-term national interest as industrial employee 1. Nevada ______That I am not alone in this concern is contrasted with immediate, short-run agency $21, 081. 37 evidenced by the fact that you 'are holding missions. 2. New Mexico______10,067.71 these hearings to determine the impact of I am concerned because the information 3. Arizona ______. ______2,556.92 the Federal Govern.ment's research and de­ available indicates that a severe imbalance 4. California ______,______2,383.80 velopment policies on scientific and technical in the geographical distribution of Federal 5.' Utah ______------2, 201. 91 manpower. research and development funds is produc­ 6. Colorado------·------2,042.85 I hope as a result of these hearings and ing an imbalance in educational opportuni­ 7. Louisiana ______1,312.23 those held last year by the Select Committee ties in our Nation. And that this then pro­ 8. Washington __ ·______1,306.97 on Government Research of the House of duces a further imbalance in the distribution 9. Maryland and District of Representatives, as well as the consideration of Federal research and development funds. Columbia ______1, 177.40 given to basic policy problems in federally During the past decade and a half, during 10. Florida ______1, 150. 94 :financed research and development by the which the major acceleration of Federal ac­ 11. South Dakota ______772.85 Committee on Science and Astronautics of tivity in research occurred, a vicious cycle 12. Idaho------·------728.50 the House, that Congress will set a definite has been established. And its existence is 13. Texas ______,______600.48 policy for the distribution of research and used by Federal agencies to justify its con­ 14. MissourL ______559.91 development funds that will represent the tinuance. 15. Alabama ______, ______543.01 national interest, rather than the specific At the risk of repeating information al­ 16. Delaware ______------403.94 and fragmented short-term mission inter­ ready in the hands of committee members, 17. Tennessee ______,______380.59 ests and agency goals of a multitude of ex­ I am including with my remarks several tabu­ 18. New York ______373.40 ecutive departments, agencies, services, bu­ lations from a report by the Committee on 19. New Jersey______316.98 reaus, and divisions. Science and Astronautics of the House of 20. Massachusetts----·------299. 16 My examination of the hearings and com­ Representatives. These are from the com­ 21. Connecticut------·------246.09 22. Wyoming ______1210. 96 mittee reports available on this subject indi­ mittee print entitled "Government and 23. Virginia ______cates that there is no coordinated executive Science, No. 4" and give a factual basis for 1203. 59 policy for distribution of research and de- the balance of my statement. 24. Pennsylvania-----·------1196. 29 25. North Dakota______1193. 75 26. Minnesota ______1191. 84 Prime contracts and grants awarded by DOD, NASA, AEC, HEW, NSF, Agriculture, 27. Wisconsin ______------1158. 62 28. Montana ______.______1158. 44 Interior, and Commerce in fis cal year 1963 for performance of research and development 29. New Hampshire ______30. Arkansas ______1131. 71 1122. 71 [In thousands of dollars] 31. Kansas ______1116. 61 32. Ohio ______------1114. 78 Profit Educa- Nonprofit "Other" 33. Michigan ______195. 95 Rank State Total organi- tional organi- per- 34. Vermont------·------62.93 zations insti- zations formers 2 35. Oklahoma ______tutions 1 59.79 36. Illinois ______53.58 37. Indiana ______,______52.83 1 California.. __ -__ -__ ------3, 807, 821 3,239,856 426, 778 137, 540 3, 647 38. South Carolina ______2 New York ______------917, 419 711, 615 126, 725 75,896 3, 183 49.20 3 Massachusetts ______39. HawaiL------·------43.98 451, 918 214,534 175, 226 61,381 777 40. 4 Maryland and District of Columbia ______445, 055 323,620 89,065 31, 135 1, 235 Rhode Island ______17.87 5 Pennsylvania __ -______----_------___------348, 986 276,669 liO, 581 21, 096 640 41. Georgia------·------17.03 6 Texas _____ ------330,870 298, 163 27,062 5,035 610 4 42. Alaska------·------10.89 7 321, 273 301, 886 18, 108 '1,053 226 43. West Virginia ______8 :e~h~ls~~---~======287, 758 255, 227 28, 770 2,853 908 44. Oregon ______9.45 9 Florida ______------247,808 230, 727 14,808 1,343 930 9.22 10 Missouri. __ -___ -___ ------232,842 214, 460 14, 372 3,485 525 45. Iowa ______------7.74 11 New Me:rico __ ___ ------226,207 141, 250 83, 451 f J, 083 1 423 46. North Carolina______12 Colorado. ______-______-_-- ---___ ----- 221, 581 201, 859 14,889 4,082 751 47. Nebraska ______6.89 4.87 13 Illinois ____ ----_------_------... _-- 191, 143 63, 922 105, 537 21, 113 571 48. Mississippi______14 Ohio.------185, 735 140,332 28, 577 16, 274 552 2.52 Louisiana ______49. Kentucky ______15 Arizona ______------______181, 964 171, 077 9,679 f J, 045 '163 2.10 16 139,460 131, 449 f 4,864 2,827 4 320 50. Maine ______17 Alabama___ ------~------137, 314 127, 569 2,257 '186 1.53 18 Tennessee _____ ------133,623 121, 045 4;i:~~ 1, 780 1275 National average ______473.27 19 Michigan ______------______133, 518 89,865 39, 233 3,472 '948 1 20 Nevada------124,474 111, 921 '12, 324 3 4 226 These figures are within ±50 percent of 21 Connecticut._------______122, 985 102, 974 17, 516 2,270 4 225 the geometric mean of $149.14. 22 Utah_------120,019 110, 970 8, 774 99 4176 23 Wisconsin ______- ---_------95, 024 74,504 18, 356 2,083 4 81 Dollars for performance of R. & D. to educa­ ~ Virginia ___ ------73, 104 60, 290 f 9, 559 3,047 4 208 tional institutions in fiscal year 1963 per 25 MinnesotaIndiana______------______--__---___---___-----______-- 68,853 45,fi84 18,632 4, 106 f 531 scientist employed by the institutions in 26 4 49, 681 31, 525 16, 318 l,623 4 215 Idaho ______-----_____ ----__ _------calendar year 1962 27 Delaware ______-----______4 27, 621 4 21, 453 4 5, 961 60 f 147 28 4 24. 490 4 23, 236 1, 150 104 ------[In thousands of dollars J 29 North Carolina.------21, 972 3, 512 413, 681 4, 050 729 1. New Mexico ______.._ ___ _ 30 IowaKansas. ______------______------____---______------20, 380 • 13, 303 4 6,383 f 646 48 2. Nevada ______163.0 31 18, 537 1, 339 16, 364 707 127 109. 1 32 Arkansas ___ ------17, 133 414, 007 2, 744 81 4 301 3. California ______------33 Georgia ______------______15, 341 5,589 9,208 135 409 4. Alaska ______63.8 34 South Carolina._------14, 689 '12, 451 2,085 46 10'7 62.7 35 New Hampshire ______14, 199 • 10, 692 3,384 49 74 5. Massachusetts _____· ______:. ___ _ 55.4 36 Oklahoma __ ------13, 058 5,489 f 6.479 802 288 6. Maryland and the District of 37 Oregon ____ ------12, 630 l, 322 4 9, 230 1, 614 464 Columbia ______·------52. 8 38 South Dakota ____ --- =------12, 216 f 11.112 983 40 81 39 Rhode Island. ___ ------9, 711 2, 120 4 7,105 356 124 7. Illinois______29. 6 8. Idaho______28. l 40 AlaskaKentucky_----- ______------_:_ __--__ ----_____--_ 5,647 369 4, 976 179 123 41 5, 554 59 4, 762 48 685 9. New York ______11a. 8 42 WestVermont Virginia. ______-_-----______---_-_--__--______------______- 5,434 1, 062 2,312 1, 796 4264 10. New Jersey ______118. 4 43 4,904 2, 256 2,549 25 474 11. l 18. 2 44 4, 799 3, 006 1,336 71 386 Rhode Island ______45 ~~~!~~======4,126 996 2,255 4692 '183 12. Utah------116.8 46 Mississippi. __ ------4,008 302 3,448 94 4164 47 Nebraska ______13. Colorado------·------i 16. 7 3,665 308 3, 086 71 4200 14. Connecticut______l 16. 1 48 2,967 156 943 Maine __ ------1, 711 4157 15. Alabama ______l 15. 3 49 2,342 1,470 537 ------80- 4335 liO :Jr~b1~~ciia~======~ ======2,284 1, 165 926 113 16. Michigan ______i 15. 1 Total& ______17. Washington ______114. 5 9,864, 142 7,929, 673 1, 488, 916 421,438 U,115 18. Pennsylvania ______114.2 19. Minnesota ______113, a 20. Tennessee ______113.6 J Amounts shown include awards for operation of contract research centers. 2 "Other" performers include all other miscellaneous performers not otherwise classified; e.g., State and local govern- ments and private individuals not associated with institutions or companies. 21. Vermont------·------l 13. 3 •Does not include U.S. territories and possessions, foreign awards, and unallocated funds. 22.23. HawaiL------Iowa______i13.113. 1 4 These figures are within ±50 percent of the geometric mean for tbe column. Source: National Science Foundation rePort to the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development, April- 24. Texas------·------113, 1 1uly l!IM. . See footnote at end of table. 12888 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· 'HOUSE June 8, 19o5

Dollars for performance of R. & D. to educa­ Dollars for R. & D. to educational institu­ and important to industrial concerns en­ tional institutions in fiscal year 1963 per tions in fiscal year 1963 per atudent gaged. in production for various Federal pro­ scientist employed by the institutions in enrolled in the fall of 1963-Continued grams, particularly in military and space­ calendar year 1962--:-Continued 49. South Carolina______62 related fields. The existence of these basic [In thousands of dollars] 50. North Dakota ______· ______61 resources, educational, scientific, and indus­ 25. MissourL ______1 12. 3 National average _____ . ______: __ 353 trial, then encourages the location in rela­ 26. Georgia ______1 12. 3 tive proximity of second tier and related en­ 27. Florida ______12. O 1 These figures are within ±50 percent of terprises. 1 the geometric mean of 203. 28. Louisiana ______, ______1 11. 9 The spinoff from the exotic and sophisti­ 1 Dollars for R. & D. to educational institu­ cat.ed processes being developed for the new 29. MississippL __ ·----·------11. 6 technologies is beginning to feed civilian 30. OhiO------111. 3 tions in fiscal year 1963 per advanced de­ 31. Virginia ______111. 1 gree conferred during the 1962-63 scho­ industry. Processes developed for space or 32. North Carolina ______1 11. O lastic year destruction are being adapted for earth and construction. These tend to locate near the [In thousands of dollars] 34.33. OregonWisconsin------______·------110.81 10. 9 source of the process and the means for test­ 35. New Hampshire ______1 10. 6 1. Nevada------195.6 ing and developing. This, too, is fed with 2. Alaska------~ ------136.1 36. Oklahoma______19. 5 3. New Mexico ______123. 3 Federal dollars, for the seeds were planted and nurtured to maturity under Federal re­ 37. Arizona------·------19. 1 4. California------·------46. 7 search and development grants and contracts. 38. Indiana------·------1 9. O 5. Idaho------27.6 39. Kentucky______18. 9 As you are well aware, a major concern is 6. Massachusetts ______,______27. 0 how to more rapidly and more effectively 40. Arkansas------·------1 8. 6 7. Maryland and District of Columbia __ 25.8 41. West Virginia______17. 5 make available to industry the knowledge 8. Illinois------16. 9 gained from federally sponsored research 42. Kansas------6.8 9. Rhode Island ______·______16. 8 projects. And some progress is being made 43. Delaware------·------6. 5 10. New Hampshire______13. 9 in this field with Federal help, for example, 44. Nebraska______6.5 11. New Jersey ______,______1 13. 0 45. South Carolina______6. 3 the Aerospace Research Applications Cen­ 12. Washington ______1 12. 1 ter at Indiana University, a joint Federal, 46. Montana------·------6. 0 13. Utah------111.4 47. South Dakota______4. 5 private, and Indiana University enterprise. 14. Minnesota ______1 11. 1 But the location of major Federal research 48. North Dakota______4. 2 15. Virginia------1 10.9 49. Wyoming______4.1 16. Iowa ______10. 9 and development contracts in an area gives 1 a substantial impetus to the development of 50. Maine______4.0 17. Florida ______110.3 National average ______24.9 the more modern technological industries 18. Pennsylvania------19.6 that feed on the results and utilize the re­ 19. Hawaii______1 9. 2 search personnel. And the location of these 1 These figures are within ±50 percent of 1 the geometric mean of 13.8. 20. New York------·------8. 9 newer industrial complexes attracts addi­ 21. Georgia______1 8. 7 tional firms and related industries. The Dollars for R. & D. to educational institu­ 22. Vermont______18. 1 civilian economic impact of Federal research tions in fiscal year 1963 per student 23. Connecticut ______,______1 8. 1 and development contracts is significant. enrolled in the fall of 1963 24. Wisconsin------·· ------1 8. O The failure to set a policy in the national 1. New Mexico ______$4,002 25. Louisiana______17. 6 interest and the policy of permitting agen­ 2. Alaska ______2,863 1 3. Nevada ______26. Colorado------7.2 cies (despite the oft made protests of execu­ 2,201 27. Ohio------1 7. 0 tive coordination) to assign these projects 1 4. Massachusetts----·------1,132 28.29. Oregon------Texas ______-_-_ 6.96.7 and grants on the basis of short-run agency 5. Maryland and District of 1 Columbia ______missions is widening the gap between first-, 782 30. Alabama------~------1 6. 7 second-, and third-rate universities. There 6. California------·------749 31. North Carolina______16. 6 exists in fact as former Secretary of the 7. Illinois ______------450 32. South Carolina______1 6. 4 Army, Elvis Stahr, Jr., now president of 8. Idah0------·------405 33. MissourL______15_ 3 Indiana University, has pointed out, a brain 9. Rhode Island _____ ------399 34. Michigan______1 6. 3 drain on some sections of the country. This 10. New York------·------311 35. Delaware------~------1 6. 2 may be to the advantage of the agency in the 11. Colorado ______1 303 36. Tennessee ______,______1 5. 8 short run, but the long-range effect is weak­ 12. Connecticut ______1 291 37. KentuckY------.. ------14. 9 ening to the Nation. 13. New Jersey ______1265 38. Mississippi______14. 7 For the finest minds of the pockets of 14. New Hamsphire ______1 253 39. Arizona______1 4. 6 technological poverty created by the ad hoc 1 15. Iowa------·------247 40. Montana------1- - 1 4. 6 research and development policies of Federal 16. Washington ______1 239 41. Nebraska------·------4. 4 agencies are going to the already favored 17. Minnesota:... ______1 235 42. Maine______4.2 centers which have reached their preemi­ 18. Vermont ______1 230 43. Arkansas------~------4.2 nence as a direct result of Federal support. 44. Oklahoma ______,______3. 9 19. Pennsylvania---- - ·------1225 Unless Congress acts, the rich will continue 20. Utah------1 216 45. Kansas______3. 8 to get richer and the poor poorer. 1 213 46. West Virginia______3. 5 22.21. . Michigan_------Oregon ______The universities of this Nation have several 1 203 47. Indiana ______,______3. 4 roles to play. Among these are being the 23. Wisconsin ______1 202 48. North Dakota______2. 6 producers ·of increased knowledge and pro­ 24. Georgia ______1 165 49. South Dakota------2. 5 ducers of highly trained manpower. In the 25. North Carolina ______1164 50. Wyoming______2.1 26. Alabama ______scientific and technical fields, the research 1 161 National average______14. 3 and development policies of the Federal Gov­ 27. Delaware ______1 160 1 These figures are within ±50 percent of ernment will be the determining factors in 28. MissourL------1157 the geometric mean of 8 .9. how well this assignment can be carried out. 29. Hawali------~------1156 For it is a fact, liberal arts colleges and 1 31.30. FloridaVirginia------______153 In our failure to date to set a firm national­ technical institutions which do not have 1 147 int.erest policy for the distribution of Fed­ Federal research programs have difficulty in 32. Tennesseee ______1 142 eral research and development funds, now in attracting capable scientists. Yet the De­ 33. Louisiana ______...: ______1 140 excess of $15 billion a year, we have in fact partment of Defense has argued that it "must 34. Indiana------·------1 139 made the decision that these funds will be secure contracts with organizations which 35. Ohi0------1 138 distributed without full regard to the broad can carry out a research and development 1 119 long-range national Interest. program in the most efficient manner. 37.36. Texas------Arizona ______·------_ 1 107 The huge research and development con­ Therefore, excellence of the contractor in 38. Kansas ______1 the field of science or engineering is the 39. Oklahoma ______102 tracts and grants to a limit.ed number of 99 institutions has strengthened the faculties primary consideration when contracts are 40. KentuckY------··------89 of these institutions and improved their fa­ let." I challenge this assertion on the 41. Arkansas------·------88 cilities and equipment, and thus increased grounds that the mission approach of the 42. Montana------··------86 their appeal as recipients for Federal research Department of Defense cannot be considered 44.43. MississippL------~------Nebraska ______84 and development contracts and grants. This, apart from the broad national interest, nor 81 I suggest, is at the expense of other fine in­ apart from the necessity in the long run for 45. W:yoming ______. 75 stitutions throughout the country. a broad base for our defense efforts. 46. Maine------·------72 But this extends into the industrial field But a Department spokesman told a House 47. West Virginia______68 48. South Dakota______: ______with both direct and indirect results. Prox­ committee that it had tried dispersion during 63 imity to the laboratori~s and res;Eml"C~ cente_rs the 19.50.'s in ."areas remote from traditional s.ee footnote at end o_f table. with major Federal. contracts is both useful 'areas or' concentrat_ion.'. ' ·None of these ·at- ·1un-e 8, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE 12889 tempts, the Department testified, has "ma­ Advanced computers and laboratories, in­ engineers leave classroom assignments for terially affected the role of major R. & D. tricate testing and engineering facilities, and the disciplines of the laboratory? complexes." the highly knowledgeable scientists and en­ As Federal funds finance the growth of so­ As a matter of fact, the Stanford Research gineers to operate them can be placed as called "traditional centers" of concentration Institute completed a study for the Depart­ well at the University of Oregon or Oregon of research and development funds, are we ment of Defense to use in determining "what State University as at California Institute of prOducing facrories of education, with factors are pertinent to geographical distribu­ Technology; as well at the University of Wis­ famous names on the marquee, whose roles tion of defense R. & D. industry." Without consin as at the Massachusetts Institute of are played in the classrooms and teaching casting any aspersions on the objectivity Technology, and produce as much in asso_p ia­ laboratories by stand-ins, for the principals of the Stanford study, this is something like tion wit h the University of Michigan as with are busily engaged elsewhere on Federally assigning the fox the task of mapping the Harvard University. financed research? Are institutional labora­ defense of the chicken coop. People and facilities make the difference tory and testing facilities to become sep­ In my judgment, it is against the national and these are where the opportunities created arate and distinct from the educational and interest for any region of the country to be with Federal dollars are. Where these Fed­ training function of the university? denied access to the mainstream of America's eral dollars for research and development are I do not know the answers to these ques­ accelerating technological and scientific so­ put are conscious human decisions made tions, and many more to which you, as well ciety. For in this denial we will freeze in to most often here in Washington by a multi­ as I, should seek answers. I do know that the future the unfortunate imbalances of tude of agencies, each concerned with its there is no doubt that Federal funds are today and, in fact, make the disparity particular task and mission, and none with having a profound effect on American higher greater. an overall national policy viewpoint. education. I know that most universities The National Science Foundation's pro­ It is this viewpoint of the national interest and colleges are wary of this effect lest they gram to develop centers of excellence is a that we in the Congress must provide or in become in practice under Federal direction fine gesture, and the great University of our failure to do so, acquiesce in the con­ and control. But the impact is there, and Oregon, in my district, is one of the bene­ tinued and greater concentration of scien­ perhaps the question with which we are faced ficiaries of the program. A recent grant tific and technological brainpower and re­ is not whether there should be an effect, of slightly over $4 million will be very help­ search and development facilities in a very but rather whether it shall be as the result ful. But the magnitude of the Federal re­ limited number of places in the Nation. If of many agency policies directed toward var­ search and development programs, expected it is our responsibility to set national policy, ious and limited agency goals, or whether to continue to expand in coming years, and I believe it is, then can we any longer the Congress of the United States shall es­ makes the NSF program as useful from a na­ defer establishing national policy and na­ tablish a broad national policy within which tional point of view as using a tack hammer tional goals in a segment of Federal activity academic freedom can be preserved and the to drive a railroad spike. that has such a large impact on our educa­ entire higher educational system of the Na­ From statistics I cited earlier, no mat­ tional, economic and social development? tion consciously and deliberately improved. ter what measure is t aken, whether dol­ The ten States in the Northeast, the Mid­ The National Science Foundation in mak­ lars of R. & D. funds per capita, per scien­ west and the Far West which receive the most ing a study of this problem used language tist, per industrial employee, per advanced Federal research and development support somewhat reminiscent of the foreign aid pro­ degree, per student or whatever, a few States, have an annual average of 100 Ph. D. grad­ gram. The report was in terms of "emer­ and within them, a few areas receive a dis­ uates per million population, as compared to gent universities," "developing universities." proportionate share of Federal funds, and in 50 Ph.D. graduates per million population in Federal policy--or in fact lack of it-has gross contracts and grants a very few receive the other 40 States. turned differences into virtual uncrossable the preponderance of dollars. And because As the Federal Government pumps money chasms--and now those left behind by con­ these funds have been distributed in this into the admittedly first rank universities scious decision are to be treated as we would manner over the past decafie and a half, in a limited number of areas, these expand­ an "emergent" nation on the African Conti­ and perhaps more, institutions and indus­ ing institutions exercise a strong stimulus nent. trial complexes have been created which in on the high school students of the surround­ I contend that this is pure nonsense. turn are used for justification for continuing ing areas. Studies have shown that high And I protest it. I want, and I think that to place these funds in such a manner. school graduates near these educational in­ this view is shared by most of my colleagues We are thus creating several sections of stitutions are three times more likely to go and yours, that the youth of America, all the Nation, most particularly southern Cali­ on to doctoral work than those not in favored of America, can share in the scientific and .fornia, the San Francisco Bay area, New areas, and relatively few go more than 500 technical age we are in truth just entering. York City and northern New Jersey, and miles for this opportunity. If the Federal Government is to engage so the Boston-Cambridge areas, that under cri­ What is the result? Can part of it be the heavily in research and development, which teria. apparently currently being used by fact that more than 75,000 high school grad­ I believe it must, and if it is to have such a NASA and the Department of Defense (two uates a year are capable of Ph. D. level work critical effect on our development as a people, major contracting agencies) are destined to as compared to the 10,000 degrees actually then we have the responsibility to develop .continue to expand and draw, as a mag­ granted? I do not know, but I hope this those policies which will insure that all net, the brightest and most able scientists committee will find out, for the 65,000 young America will have the opportunity to con­ and engineers from throughout the Nation. men and women of outstanding ability each tribute its energies and intelligence to this I belleve that it is a truism that scien­ year who do not reach their full potential is effort. We create the opportunities and the tists and engineers, no less than others, will a shocking failure of our educational system, challenges as we will. We cannot deny them go where the challenges and the oppor­ in which Congress may have a direct share ro most of the country, in favor of some of tunities are. of the blame. the country. The massive and demanding research ac­ I am unwilling to concede that a youngster And surely, we cannot continue to create tivities of the Federal Government have born in southern California or Massachusetts the severe disparity of opportunity on the been opening the greatest opportunities and or New York is smarter or more able than basis that, that which was, is and shall for­ presenting the most stimulating challenges one born in Oregon or Florida or Michigan evermore be. in science and engineering. It ls no wonder or Alaska. I am likewise unwilling to sug­ that the brilliant men and women, often gest that the Federal Government should trained out in the remote areas described be a party to making one section of the coun­ by the Department of Defense witness, are try a better place in which to be educated drawn to southern California or to the North­ than another. Yet there are some schools Results of Questionnaire Submitted to the east. And this in turn attracts the students better than others, and among the first rank who want to study with the top professors universities, and those in close behind them, 10th District of North Carolina and research men who have moved into the it is Federal support of research and develop­ great institutions as federally created op­ ment that is making the difference. portunities are presented. ' EXTENSION OF REMARKS But whether the phenomenal growth of re­ OF For the most part, the creation of these search activities at some of our superiGr in­ great institutions and these sophisticated stitutions receiving huge Federal contracts industrial complexes, represents a multitude HON. BASIL L. WHITENER and grants contributes in fact to greater ad­ OF NORTH CAROLINA of agency decisions. And these decisions vantages for the undergraduate or post grad­ were carried out with tax dollars paid by all uate doctoral candidate would be worth ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States. Despite chamber of commerce boasts, there is nothing unique in the south­ ploring. We know able students swarm to Tuesday, June 8, 1965 ern California climate or topography, nor in the doors of these institutions with great Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Speaker, sev­ the New England or Middle Atlantic States hopes for learning at the feet of today's eral weeks ago I mailed a questionnaire that makes research more effective or more faxnous scientists and engineers and par­ efficient if it is conducted there. The quality ticipating in meeting the challenges of ro­ to several thousand of my constituents of the individuals and the facilities, pu~­ morrow, but are these hopes realized in fact, in the 10th District of North Carolina. chased or employed for the most part with or is education becoming secondary as Fed­ The mailing list that we used covered Federal dollars, is the difference. eral funds flow in, and top scientists and a wide cross section of our citizens, and 12890 ~ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 8, 1965 we believe that it elicited a fair consen­ PRAYER AND BIBLE READING cooperation with a bipartisan group of dis­ sus of the thinking .of our. people. 7. Do you favor a constitutional tinguished private citizens; and We were pleasantly surprised at the amendment to permit prayer and Whereas the President has charged those Bible reading in the public schools participating in the International Coopera­ extent of participation of our constitu­ tion Year program to "search and explore ents in this poll. Approximately 35 per­ on a voluntary basis? Yes------·------88.82 and canvass and thoroughly discuss every cent of the questionnaires have been re­ NO------9.23 conceivable approach and avenue of coopera­ turned to us as of this date. I am sure No opinion ______1.95 tion that could lead to peace"; and _ that others will be forthcoming in the Whereas the International Cooperation future. REAPPORTIONMENT Year program will culminate in a White 8. Do you favor a constitutional House Conference on International Coopera­ Eight major questions of legislative amendment allowing State legis­ tion which the President has announced he policy were listed on the questionnaire. latures to reapportion 1 house of will convene in November 1965; and I believe that the results oi the poll will a 2-house State legislature on the Whereas during the twenty years of its be of interest to our colleagues in the basis of factors other than popu­ existence the United Nations has played an House of Representatives. Therefore, lation? important, and at times crucial, role in pur­ the results of the poll follow: Yes------·------40.28 suit of one of its stated purposes "to save NO------47.56 succeeding generations from the scourge of Results of questionnaire submitted to the No opinion ______12. 16 war, which twice in our lifetime has brought 10th District of North Carolina untold sorrow to mankind"; and CO'ITON Whereas during that time the United Na­ 1. Do you favor extension of present tions has also performed a valuable service cotton legislation which elimi­ through the specialized agencies and other­ nates the 2-price cotton system The 20th Anniversary of the United Na­ wise in helping to establish human rights and makes the domestic textile tions During 1965-lnternational Co­ and to eliminate those ancient enemies of industry competitive with for- mankind-hunger, poverty, disease, and ig­ eign textiles? Percent operation Year norance: Now, therefore, be it Yes------·------84.82 Resolved by the House of Representatives No ______9.32 (the Senate concurring), That it ls the sense No opinion______5. 86 EXTENSION OF REMARKS of the Congress that the United States of OF America rededicates itself to the principles FOREIGN AID of the United Nations and to the furtherance 2. (a) Do you favor continued mili­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER of international cooperation within the tary assistance to friendly OF MINNESOTA framework of law and order; and that all nations? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other members of the United Nations are Yes ______84. 47 urged to do likewise. NO------12.59 Tuesday, June 8, 1965 SEC. 2. It is further the sense of the Con­ No opinion______2. 94 gress that in connection with the examina­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, an impor­ tion for International Cooperation Year of (b) Do you favor economic assist- tant resolution has been introduced today ance for other nations? United States participation in international Yes ______29. 81 by the gentleman from Florida [Mr. cooperative activities, the executive branch FASCELL], chairman of the Subcom­ should ( 1) review with a high sense of NO------58.56 urgency the CJ.1rrent state of international No opinion ______11. 63 mittee on International Organizations and Movements of the House Committee peacekeeping machinery with a view to EDUCATION on Foreign Affairs. making specific suggestions for strengthen­ 3. Do you favor a program of partial ing this machinery, (2) review other major In recognition of the United Nations elements of international community and assistance to higher education by 20th anniversary celebration scheduled cooperation with a view to making specific giving the parent or sponsor of for San Francisco on June 26, 1965, the suggestions to promote the growth of insti­ a college student a tax credit for resolution declares the sense of Con­ tutions of international cooperation and law a portion of the tuition paid? gress "that the United States of Amer­ and order, and (3) review urgently the sta­ Yes------·------82. 96 ica rededicates itself to the principles of tus of disarmament negotiations with a NO------15.71 the United Nations to save succeeding view to further progress in reducing the No opinion ______1. 33 dangers and burden of competitive national generations from the scourge of war." arinaments. LABOR Because 1965 is International Coopera­ SEC. 3. In order to provide for participa­ 4. (a) Do you favor Federal legisla­ tion Year, the resolution also calls on the tion by the Congress in the White House tion which will repeal State executive branch to strengthen interna­ Conference on International Cooperation, right-to-work laws? tional peacekeeping machinery and to subject to an invitation by the President, Yes------·------9. 67 try for progress in disarmament. there is hereby created a congressional dele­ No------85.98 I have unanimous consent to set out gation of twelve members to be composed of No opinion______4. 35 six Members of the Senate appointed by the the resolution in the RECORD. I am President pro tempore of the Senate and six (b) Do you favor extension of wage­ happy to join the gentleman from Flor­ hour-law coverage to require Members of the House of Representatives ida [Mr. FASCELL], the gentleman from appointed by the Speaker of the House of payment of $1.25 per hour New Jersey [Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN], and Representatives. Any vacancy in the mem­ plus overtime minimum wage the gentlewoman from Ohio [Mrs. BoL­ bership of the delegation shall be filled in to laundry, restaurant, hotel, TON], in sponsoring this concurrent reso­ the same manner as in the case of the orig­ and other employees not now lution: inal appointments. covered? H. CON. RES. 429 Yes------·------54. 66 Concurrent resolution expressing the sense NO------38.33 No opinion______7. 01 of the Congress with respect to the twentieth anniversary of the United Na­ Law Day, U.S.A. ANTIPOVERTY tions during International Cooperation 5. Do you favor increasing the anti­ Year, and for other purposes EXTENSION OF REMARKS poverty program from $750,000,- Whereas the year 1965 marks the twen­ OF 000 annually to $1,500,000,000? tieth anniversary of the United Nations, Yes------·------13. 22 which will be celebrated in San Francisco on June 26, 1965; and HON. CHARLES L. WELTNER NO------82.96 No opinion ______3.82 Whereas the United Nations General As­ OF GEORGIA sembly has designated the year 1965 as In­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IMMIGRATION ternational Cooperation Year; and Tuesday, June 8, 1965 6. Do you favor changing the present Whereas the President of the United national origins quota system? States has proclaimed 1965 as International Mr. WELTNER. Mr. Speaker, my col­ Yes------·------18. 01 Cooperation Year, and has set up a broad league from Georgia, JAMES A. MACKAY, NO------69.48 program within the executive branch to re­ recently addressed the Atlanta chapter No opinion ______i2. 51 view our present international policies in of the Federal Bar Association in observ- June 8, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 12891 I believe that the truth is mightier than victual men and women who will, in their ance of Law Day, U.S.A. His address daily lives, build respect for the rule of law dealt with the Federal system; its de­ the half-truth and a straightforward state­ ment is more powerful than innuendo. You and for our Federal system of government. velopment and progress today. His and I and all of us must again examine and comments are relevant to many prob­ understand the great legal principles on lems of Federal-State relations. I ask which this country was founded. We must unanimous consent that it be entered at look at the reasons why we have a Federal Utah and the Elementary and Second­ this point in the RECORD. system. The Federal system was established ary Education Act of 1965 The address follows: by the people to provide for the common defense. That is why we have it today. LAW DAY, U.S.A. The Federal system was created to facili­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. President, members and guests of the tate domestic and foreign commerce. That OF Federal Bar Association, it is a pleasure to be is why we have it today. The Federal system here today to participate in the observance was established to insure justice. That is HON. LAURENCE J. BURTON of Law Day, U.S.A. why we have it today. OF UTAH Last week I had the pleasure of listening In the first half of the 19th century, a de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to Attorney General Katzenbach speak at a bate raged as to whether the power of Fed­ similar observance of Law Day at Emory eral taxation should be used for national Tuesday, June 8, 1965 University. He was speaking to law students, improvements. Mr. BURTON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, young lawyers, and alumni, most of whom The Civil war resolved on the battlefield were in the civil practice of the law. the question as to whether every human under leave to extend my remarks in the He emphasized that the real strength of being would be a whole human being or RECORD, I include herewith my address to the law is in its acceptance in the minds and whether some would remain three-fifths of the House of Delegates of the Utah Edu­ in the behavior of individual citizens who a human being. cation Association in Salt Lake City on understand and respect it, and who help The last half of the 19th century saw the April 24, 1965: those charged with law enforcement in the emergence of national problems which could discharge of their duty. It was a great ADDRESS OF REPRESENTATIVE LAURENCE J. BUR­ not be solved by State and local govern­ TON, OF UTAH, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF DELE­ speech. It was basic. ments. In thinking about what I might say to GATES OF THE UTAH EDUCATION ASSOCIATION The 20th century saw more of the same IN SALT LAKE CITY, APRIL 24, 1965 you who are members of the Federal Bar and and it saw the increasing importance of the who hold so many positions of high re­ Federal Government in the common defense It is a pleasure to have the opportunity to sponsibility in the Federal Government, it of our country and the free world. speak to the Utah Education Association occurred to me that I should like to make The 1930's saw more experiment to find House of Delegates today about matters of one point: the time has come when we national solutions for national problems in mutual concern. I am grateful to the offi­ should mount a vigorous counteroffensive our domestic economy. The search con­ cers and members of this body for extending against those who create disrespect for law tinues. We saw the drift-away from rep­ this courtesy. and Government. resentative government, a dangerous drift, As a member in good standing of the UEA Actually, I do not suggest a counteroffen­ and we paid a price for it in the decline of for a number of years, I like to think that I sive against these individuals who generate State governments. have some understanding of the scope of the so much talk and publish so many pam­ We saw this drift stopped and reversed problems, responsibilities, and opportunities phlets. I suggest that our counteroffensive by the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court that the education profession has in our be accomplished by an affirmative effort to in the case of Baker v. Carr and subsequent State. create new understanding of the wisdom and decisions. Utah and its educators have a rich and dis­ worth of our Federal system. Today we need to again examine the rea­ tinguished heritage. Without fear of con­ Georgia can take pride in the fact that sons for our Federal system. We need to be tradiction, I think it can be said that no Georgians joined with citizens of the other sure that we have a rational, commonsense people anywhere in America put more re­ 12 Colonies to shape the Articles of Confed­ Federal system, and we need to guard against sponsibility in the hands of their educatOTs eration and then the U.S. Constitution. The drifting into a lopsided federalism. or place more emphasis on education and Federal system is literally ours. As in the days of the beginning of our expect more from their public schools than In retrospect, it is a remarkable event of Nation, we need our Federal system to pro­ do the citizens of Utah. history that the political leaders of the late vide for our common defense. Vietnam and As a matter of fact, it is this very herit­ 18th century did not just repeat the po­ the Dominican Republic remind us of those age-our tremendous effort in support of litical fragmentation of Western Europe. It tyrannical forces which would like to destroy school programs, the ummually large enroll­ is a miracle that they conceived and carried for all time the idea of representative gov­ ments in Utah, the great responsibility that out the principle of the separation of church ernment and the rule of law. we place on our teachers, and the high expec­ and state. It is surprising that they could We need our Federal system to insure tations that we have aJways had for educa­ so clearly define the rights of man with which justice for every American citizen whether tion-that has caused our systems in every no government should interfere, as they did he be in Selma or Manhattan, in Texas, or Utah county to be stretched and strained, in the Bill of Rights. It is astounding that Alaska. perhaps not to the breaking point, but cer­ they could appreciate the need for a common A new element has been added. A great tainly, to a taut position. Consequently, market nearly 200 years before this idea scholar in the Library of Commerce pointed we have our problems today. But then, we gained currency in the countries they left. out to me that today the movement of peo­ have had them in the past. We will cer­ We are the beneficiaries of the fact that they ple is just as important as the movement of tainly have them in the future. The fact did not quit trying when the Articles of Con­ goods. He said that the makers of the Con­ that problems, like the poor, will be al­ federation !ailed to accomplish what was stitution thought mainly in terms of the ways with us, does not relieve us of trying needed. movement of goods. Now, he said, every to solve them, just as our predecessors in One reason we stumbled into a swamp of American has a stake in the health, educa­ this field have done before. In our efforts to negativism is that we quit reading the Fed­ tion, and welfare of every other American make better, to refine and specialize our edu­ eralist papers and the Constitution of the because, who knows, at the rate people move cational services, we seem, in a sense, to be United States. They are worth rereading. about the other fellow may be your next door adding to our burden. But that's all right. Furthermore, it is important to read that neighbor. Or, who knows, you may leave It is the way it ought to be. phase of our history because these men lived· that subdivision in DeKalb County, Ga., and An excellent personal education has be­ in a time when, on the one hand, there was move to De Kalb County, Ill., or Seattle for come something that is no longer merely nice vast apathy and, on the other hand, there that matter. to have or desirable. Today, a good educa­ were those who stood ready to attack and Last week I spoke to the Atlanta Lawyers tion is all but necessary if a person is to criticize anyone who dared to try new solu­ Club and I made this point to them. All of become a good citizen, a provident parent, tions to old problems. us who are legally trained and who are in­ and, as President Johnson has said, "a tax­ That is our situation today. We fight terested in government have a duty to adapt payer, instead of a taxeater." apathy. Someone has said that apathy is our Federal system to the realities of today. My short record in Congress, I think, would the treason of America. There is too much We need to make it work for us and not show that I am not nearly so sympathetic of it. There are those today who criticize against us. We can and must make our with pain-relieving welfare programs as I am new ideas and experimentation. There are Federal system a great instrument for the in favor of programs designed to effect a per­ those who like to refer to our Federal or rule of law and reason. It is not "that" Fed­ manent cure. By strengthening education, National Government as the Central Govern­ eral Government-it's "our" Federal Govern­ we are helping to cure, not merely relieve, ment. This slick term tries to associate this ment. some of our national problems. term with the central committee of the If we do this, we will do much. Arms While education is not the sole prescription Communist Party. are needed in Vietnam. But of equal im­ for all the social, economic and cultural prob­ My friends, how do we take the offensive? portance in this world struggle are indi- lems rampant in mid-20th century America, CXI-814 12892 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 8, 1965 it is, in my judgment, the best great hope to was rejected, I have since been ad.vised by strengthening the State department of public help us achieve our nati<;mal goals. the chairman of the Subcommittee on Edu­ instruction. _ In good conscience, I have supported Fed­ cation that smaller counties will be eligible A general provision of the act also extends eral aid to vocational schools, higher educa­ for aid, provided that a minimum of 3 per­ for 2 more years the granting of aid to· tion, and manpower retraining, as well as cent of school-age children residing therein federally impacted areas under Public Law Federal loan programs for college students. a.re from families earning less than $2,000 874. Finally, with some reservations, I supported per annum. Finally, in conclusion, let me tell you that the recently passed, so-called Federal aid to Many people, including me, who finally I want to help men and women of good will education blll which will give Utah approxi­ voted for the bill had some genuine reserva­ and sincere intent, both in and out of the mately $4,100,000 this coming year. I say I tions about the role private and religious Utah Education Association, achieve those supported it with reservations because in schools· would play in participating in the high aspirations for our profession that we terms of what is best for Utah we could have funds. Generally, we wrote a good legis­ all seek. There may be times when we will had a better bill if the majority party had lative history during the debate on this sub­ not agree on the best course to travel, but allowed some amendments. My reference to ject, and it is the intent of Congress that at least I think our destination will be the the majority is not designed as a political any services given private and religious same. commentary, for indeed, it was a member of schools should only be given through the While I am privileged to represent this that party, Representative EDITH GREEN, aegis of the public schools. State in the Congress, it would be my hope Democrat, of Oregon, who sponsored the key My apprehension on this point stems not that you will consider me a "friend at court," amendment that would have made possible so much from lack of concern about the so to speak. a more fair distribution of Federal funds quality of private schools as it does from In terms of the problems of education in among all States. concern for the future of public schools. general, and Utah educational problems in Under title I of the blll, as it passed, ap­ If the time ever comes that private schools particular, it would be my wish always to portionment of funds is made to school dis­ have equal access to public moneys with try to be a party to their solution and not tricts on the basis of the number of the public schools, that will be "all she a part of the problem. I hope my vote for school-age children living within the districts wrote" for the public school system of Amer­ Federal aid to education was just that. who are from families with an annual income ica. Those of us who are interested in Thanks again for the opportunity to speak of less than $2,000. It is estimated that Utah strengthening and improving public schools to you. has 13,989 such children. However, the must always be alert to this danger-and it amount that will be granted by the Federal is a danger. If your church or my church Government to the districts for each child wants to operate its own school system, then in this classification will vary from State you and I ought to pay for it--and not the Commencement, Aquinas Schools to State. This is because the Federal grant public treasury. in each State will be equal to the average We are all aware of the fact that many EXTENSION OF REMARKS expenditure per student that State has people opposed to any form of Federal aid already been making. have used the oft-heard cry of Federal con­ OF The purpose of the Green amendment was trols. But make no mistake about this, to eliminate this variance. Under terms of there are many people sympathetic to edu­ HON. JAMES A. BURKE this amendment each State would have re­ cational problems for whom this is a real OF MASSACHUSETrS ceived the same amount of money for each threat. Now that Federal aid is here, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES qualifying child. is incumbent upon those of you who have said For example, had the Green amendment for so many years that there would be no Tuesday, June 8, 1965 passed, Utah's per student share under title Federal controls with Federal aid, to make Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, it was my I of the act would have been approximately Billy-well sure that there aren't any. pleasure on June 5, 1965, to be invited $201 per qualifying student as against the Some opposition locally has developed be­ to the ninth commencement of the $187 we will receive under terms of the bill cause it is said that Utah's share of the as passed. In terms of total dollars, Utah total cost of this educational bill in terms of Aquinas School in Milton, Mass., as prin­ would have received some $2,811,000 under Utah tax dollars contributed is almost $5 cipal speaker. This school was estab­ the Green amendment instead of the million, and the total that Utah stands to lished in 1956 by the Congregation of $2,627,000 apportioned under the approved collect is only $4,100,000. I recognize, from the Sisters of St. Joseph. Aquinas was bill. There is a danger that this blll may a strictly parochial point of view, that this founded as a nonprofit educational in­ mt:rely help the "rich get richer and the poor is a legitimate area of concern. Personally, stitution for training young women for get poorer." In a colloquy with Mrs. GREEN however, I am not impressed with this argu­ successful careers in business and was on the House floor during the debate, I ment. We come from a State that through asked her, in substance, if that would not reclamation projects, forest and park devel­ accredited as a 2-year school of busi­ be the net effect of the apportionment for­ opments, public lands expenditures--not to ness in 1962 by the Accrediting Commis­ mula unless her amendment were adopted. mention defense outlays--receives much sion for Business Schools, Washington, She agreed that it would be. more in return from the Federal Govern­ D.C. It is located on a beautiful 15- For example, one of our problems in Utah, ment than we contribute in taxes to the acre campus at the foot of the Blue Hills as any superintendent who is trying to hire Federal Treasury in those particular areas. in Milton. teachers can tell you, is the great disparity If every State delegation merely voted along Following is my address: self-interest lines, all Federal programs between what our Utah districts can pay a THE STREAMS AND THE OCEAN teacher and what the same teacher can ob­ would become enmeshed in a selfish morass tain for his services in a wealthier Western and few would ever be authorized. (Commencement address delivered by Con­ State, such as California. The present bill, The bill as passed contains the following gressman JAMES A. BURKE to graduates of under title I, will give Utah the aforemen­ provisions in terms of Utah's participation: the Aquinas School for Girls, Milton and tioned $2,627,000 and will give California Title I allows for direct aid to Utah school Newton, Mass., Saturday, June 5, 1965) $73,145,000. Utah's per student share will districts in a total amount of $2,627,783, the Sister Superior, Sisters, members of the be $187 as against California's $265 per stu­ money to be apportioned on a formula which faculty, parents and friends of the graduates, dent share. Other wealthy States are treated grants the equivalent of the average expendi­ and members of the class of 1965, it is a dis­ even better by this bill. New York gets $353 ture per student in Utah ($187) for each tinct pleasure for me to be here with you on for each qualifying student. Connecticut school-age child from a family earning less this significant occasion which marks an­ gets $276; New Jersey $283. This is not an than $2,000 annually. -other milestone in the lives of these attrac­ equalizing bill; I believe it should have been. Title II provides for the expenditure of tive and hard-working young ladies. It is It certainly does not award any E's for effort. $587,662 in Utah in support of a State plan a pleasure because each commencement cere­ My purpose here is not to indulge in a sour for the a~quisition of library resources, text­ mony brings another group of American grapes recapitulation. I do think, however, books, and other printed and published in­ youth closer to what must be the goal of a that it is important to point out that now structional materials. great democratic nation; the full participa­ we are going to have Federal aid in the form Title III would make available an esti­ tion by every citizen in the economic, social, of this act, it is not going to be a panacea for mated $690,284 for financing supplemental and political workings of that nation. all of our Utah educational headaches. educational centers and services in Utah. I am especially honored and pleased to Another aspect of title I of the bill was Title IV authorizes the expenditure of $100 have the opportunity of attending the last cause for considerable concern for Utah dur­ million for the construction of national and joint graduation of the Aquinas School. ing the House debate. It was originally rep­ regional education research facilities. No Your Sisters tell me that by next year the resented by sponsors of the bill that small specific grants would be made to Utah under beautiful new facilities at the Newton cam­ counties having less than 100 school-age this title, although the Utah education sys­ pus will be completed, and that separate children from families in the less-than-$2,000 tem would certainly stand to benefit directly, commencements will be held. Therefore, in category would not qualify for aid. Eleven together with her sister States, from the the future, two graduation speakers will be Utah counties were in this group. I urged establishment and operation of such able to share the pleasure that is undi­ in debate on the House floor that the bill be facilities. videdly mine today. amended, to eliminate the arbitrary 100- Title V provides for a grant of approxi­ The schools of one's community, whether student minimum. Although my proposal mately $207,310 to Utah to be used in public or private, are a matter of vital con- June 8, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 12893 cern to every thinking citizen. Such con­ is applicable not only to the formal, scho­ East and the West, with authoritarianism or cern is vividly intensified if one has the lastic study of the schoolroom variety, but to freedom as the ultimate outcome, and world privilege, as I do, of representing his area the greater, even limitless, study which is peace and survival hanging in the balance. in our National O-overnment. It is, there­ the living of life itself. There is the disconcerting split that may be fore, a great source of inspiration and con­ Today, you young ladies are passing your developing within the very ranks of the West­ fidence for me, and I am sure, for others, to second significant milestone, leaving the ern allies. There is the contest being waged know that there is within our district an second of the major divisions of your lives for space, and there will be new problems organization which is selflessly devoted to behind you. I think the two periods you once space is conquered. providing the best possible opportunities for have come through are exaniples of the little Nearer home, there are several troublesome further Christian education. The contribu­ strea.Jns mentioned by St. Thomas. The first areas of great import. There is the disgrace­ tion of this order, the Sisters of St. Joseph period, and the first little stream, can be ful situation of poverty and hunger in the of Boston, is not limited to this one institu­ equated with your life as a child in the lap most abundantly endowed land on earth. tion, nor to this one period of time. For of your family. When you entered the first There are poverty's concomitants, ignorance nearly 100 years now, the Sisters have played grade, the streani of your childhood entered and crime to be dealt with. These problems a large and expanding role in the educa­ a larger tributary represented by formal edu­ will be further complicated by the expected tional history of ol,lr State and Nation. cation. There, you learned lessons from a advances in technology and the increased The size and diversity of the school program new set of adults-your teachers--and from incidence of automation. There is the war supported by the Boston Sisters alone is elo­ your new classmates as well. · But just as a to be waged on killing and crippling diseases, quent testimony to the vision and devotion small brook enters a larger one and makes those of the mind as well as those of the of the order. For Aquinas is but one of the it even larger, so with your life: the ex­ body. And far from least critical, there is more than 100 educational institutions oper­ periences and knowledge gained in your the nagging, morally upsetting problem of ated by the Sisters; institutions that range childhood were not lost when you entered racial equality, understanding, and civil from a college to grammar schools, from school, but joined with the new experiences rights. academies to an educational clinic. And and knowledge you gathered in the schools. Now it may seem to you that most of these across the land, in Chicago, Los Angeles, And now, you are at the mouth of the issues will be worked out at rather a far Santa Fe, and many other cities, other second strea.Ill, preparing to enter upon the removal from your personal lives, that their motherhouses of the Sisters of St. Joseph ocean of the everyday world. To say that the resolution will scarcely concern you in a are also engaged in this great work. streams traversed by you thus far are little direct manner. If you feel that way, I must Thus, we can see that it was not a new is not to say that they are insignificant. As respectfully say that you are mistaken. In departure for the Sisters when Mother Mary St. Thomas has said, the easy should come as the world of today, there can be no isolation. Euphrasia established your school a decade a preparation for the difficult. The lessons The problems I have cited are American prob­ ago, but only a further instance of the you have learned may have seemed difficult lems, and as Americans you will be involved order's continuing commitment to education. at the time of learning, but they were eMier in them and affected by their resolution. In the past decade, I have viewed the growth than many you must learn on the ocean of I paint a drab picture of the ocean you are and progress of this institution with great the future. embarking upon. But I firmly believe that pride and satisfaction. Ten years ago, 30 In your travels on that ocean, your ex­ all is not darkness. I would remind you of young ladies enrolled in your new school periences and encounters will be more im­ the words of William Faulkner upon receiv­ to prepare themselves through Christian ed­ mediate and intense than those to which ing the Nobel Prize for literature, and who ucation for.useful and satisfying professional you are accustomed; your lessons will be was one of America's greatest literary spokes­ careers. Next fall, 400 students will begin more varied and less susceptible of copybook men, a man who indeed saw the world darkly, the same experience on 2 campuses. This solutions; and your teachers will often be but who could say: "I believe that mankind record of service is one in which all of you­ impersonal and less benign than thooe you will not merely endure; he will prevail." administrators, teachers, and students-can have known heretofore. I must add, how­ Your futures, then, will be complex and take justifiable pride, one for which the sin­ ever, with certainty and with great delight, demanding. They will be frought with grave cere gratitude of our area, our State, and our that if your leS6ons will be harder, then in issues, decisions, problems, and quandaries. Nation is your due. like degree will your satisfaction on master­ I am confident, however, that through dili­ It seems particularly fitting to me that ing them be greater. gent exercise of the moral values, discipline, your institution, established by an order of You are on the threshold of a full and vari­ and special skills that you take away from Christian educators, should bear the name egated future. The first transition you must the little streams of home, school, and of one who throughout his life was directly make is that from schoolgirl to career Aquinas, your futures will be bright. involved in the various processes of educa­ woman. !14ost of you will make this change I thank you and extend to each of you my tion and who is the patron of all Catholic effortlessly, for, thanks to Aquinas and to best wishes on your voyage. schools. As you recall, St. Thomas was born your own diligence, you now possess in the first quarter of the 13th century, a marketable skills in a specialized, high-de­ COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM period which also saw the birth of the uni­ mand, field. As members of the American Academic procession: Graduates, guests, versity as we recognize it. St. Thomas began labor force, you will become producers as faculty. his formal studies at one of these infant well as consumers. One of the problems Chorus: The National Anthem. universities-the one of Naples--and re­ you will face is how to balance these two Invocation: Rev. William J. Melea, the­ mained, of course, in the scholastic milieu functions. But then we all face that prob­ ology instructor, Milton Aquinas. the remainder of his life, both as scholar lem, whether we are Congressmen or care­ Welcome: Sister M. Blaithin, CSJ, director and teacher. · takers. of the Milton School. In later life, when St. Thomas had become You will be molders of public opinion and Reading of award for Secretary of the Year: famous through his writings and his repu­ full partners in the governmental processes Barbara M. Curley, the 1964 recipient. tation for general erudition, many younger of your Nation. This may seem purely a Presentation of the award: By Mr. James L. people sought his oounsel on various matters. privilege, a thing to be looked forward to. Barnes, S. S. Pierce Co., to Kathleen M. On one occasion, a young Dominican asked It is that indeed, but it also carries with it Murphy, class of 1962. for advice on how to pursue learning. St. responsibilities. Citizenship in a democracy Introduction of speaker representing Mr. Thomas' answer, stemming as it did from is exercised through the ballot; but to exer­ Daniel E. Duggan, chairman of the Milton the experience gained through a lifetime cise good citizenship, you must form opin­ Selectmen: Mr. William White, selectman, of seeking knowledge, seems to me as valid ions, speak out, debate, argue, consult, per­ town of Milton. today as it was when given seven centuries suade, read, listen, shout if necessary, and Address to the graduates: Hon. JAMES A. ago. He wrote, in part: then vote. BURKE, Congress of the United States. "Brother John, since you have asked me You will be the protectors and the agents Reading of the diploma: Sister M. Roberta, how one should set about to acquire the of transmission for our country's cultural, CSJ, director of the Newton School. treasure of knowledge, this is my advice to social, and religious heritage. It will not be Presentation of diplomas: Sister M. Blai­ you concerning it: namely, that you should enough for you to do your paid work well thin, CSJ, director of the Milton School. choose to enter, not straightway into the and neglect these other aspects of life. You Blessing of graduates and assembly: Rev. ocean, but by way of the little streams; for must strike a balance, you must set up a John E. Foley, theology instructor, Newton difficult things ought to be reached by way of system of priorities among many diverse mat­ Aquinas. easy ones." ters. Chorus: America, the Beautiful. Now I think the wisdom in this advice is And most of you will become wives and Recessional: Organists-Frances M. Santa­ enhanced when we remember that St. mothers. The homes you establish will be cross, Margaret S. Coleman, class of 1966. Thomas was indeed a scholar, but not merely the sources of new little streams down which a scholar. Although the writings for which you will guide the next generation on its MILTON GRADUATES he is celebrated are mainly theological in journey to the great ocean you yourselves are Two-year medical secretarial nature, St. Thomas was really a many-sided about to enter upon. Elaine Theresa Chipman, Milton. broadly based individual quite aware of the There are also other large problems, other Mary Katherine Coleman, Hyde Park. real world about him. It has been said of tough challenges that you will face, ranging Kathleen Jane Collins, Braintree. him that he was as interested in politics in area of occurrence from the local to Janet Mary Concannon, Dorchester. or mysticism as in metaphysics or theology. the extraterrestrial. There is the ongoing Mary Margaret Curran, Milton. From this, it woul.i appear that his advice ideological struggle being waged between the Janice Elizabeth DaDomo, Hyde Park. 12894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 8, 1965 Carol A. DaRu, Medford. Paula F. Fitz, Milton. Joanne O'Connor, Lowell. Patricia Marie Davis, Dedham. Sheila P. FitzGerald, East Milton. Marie Rose Myrtho Plaisimond, Haiti. Carol Anne Downes, Dorchester. Louise E. Galvin, Canton. Patricia Ann Sullivan, Waltham. Susan Marie Fitzgerald, East Weymouth. Kathleen Marie Hanlon, Braintree.' Judith Marie Wells, Natick. Barbara E. Folsom, Avon. Mary Ellen Hickey. Rockland. One-year executive secretarial Karen Marie Foye, Mattapan. Eileen Marie Joyce, Roslindale. Kathleen Ann Gately, Brockton. Jean Marie Leardo, Revere.' Joanne Mary Callen, Watertown. Jeanne Frances Henning, Braintree. Paula Marie Maham, Braintree. Kathleen Mary Carney, Arlington. Barbara Helena Hoy, Milton. Anne Marie Mahoney. Milton. Geraldine J. Cioppa, Auburndale. Patricia Ann Kenney, Milton. Leona Eugenie Maraget, Weymouth. Anne Marie Flaherty, Brighton. Mary J. Kosboski, Bridgewater. Mary Ellen McMorrow. Dor<:hester. Susan Jane Galgay, Belmont. Susan Elaine Krauss, Randolph.1 Frances Louise Nolan, Westwood. Grace Marie Harrington, West Newton. Marjorie Ann Lievi, Milton. Sheri L. Wetzel, Brockton. Nancy Ann Hawke, Arlington.• Nancy Ada Lyons. Mattapan. Priscilla Jane Winston, Hanover. Katherine Ann Healey. Waltham. Judith Ann Johnson, Woburn. Susan C. Maccarthy, Brookline.2' NEWTON GRADUATES Christine M. MacDonald, Milton. Mary J. Maguire, Wayland. Geraldine Marie Manning, Canton. Two-year legal secretarial Joan Kathleen McQuaid, Belmont. Clara Marie Montillo, West Newton. Marilyn Lee Marney, Wollaston.1' Geraldine Cynthia Fleming, Newton.1 ~ Joanne Patricia McDonald, Braintree. Maureen Teresa Foley, Newton. Joanna Scrooc, Newton. Carole Ann Meehan, Wollaston. Kathleen Mary Keating, Boston. Patricia Anne Sullivan, Tewksbury.' Deirdre Marie Moriarty, Canton. Carol Anne McCarthy, Lexington. Mary V. Toomey, Brighton. Elizabeth Ellen Scanlan, North Quincy.1' Mary Louise McClellan, Cambridge.' Maureen E. Weker, Winthrop.' Denise Marie Sullivan. Milton. Catherine Agnes O'Leary, Brighton. USHERS Mary Alice Sweeney, Brockton. Elizabeth Anne Scribner, Arlington. William Jackson. Stephanie Francesca Talkowskl, South Mary Catherine Vose, Framingham. Stephen Langone. Boston.1 Two-year medical secretarial Two-year legal secretarial Mary Susan Bonacci, Cambridge. Roberta Claire Anderson, Brockton. Elizabeth Jane Caminiti, Waltham. Judith Anne Cassidy, Westwood. Roseann Marie Cutroni, Cambridge.' Federal Protection for Federal Employees Judith Eileen Flaherty, Braintree. Beverly Ann Cuzzi, Watertown. Barbara Ann Greene, Wollaston. Joanne M. Devereaux, Needham. Myra Irene Jackson, Wollaston. Annette Claire Doucet, Waltham. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Donna-Marie Leaman, Newton. Ann Marie Dussault, Needham. OF Christena Gordon Minukas, Wollaston.1' Barbara Marie Fernald, Connecticut.1' Anne Marie Power, Dorchester.3 ' Arlene Frances Giordano, West Newton. HON. PAUL A. FINO Patricia Eileen Regan, Dedham. Carole Jeanne Hayes, Auburndale. Oi' NEW YORK Christine Marie Rizzo, East Boston.1 Marie Elaine Martel, Winthrop.' 2 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Janet Marie Towle, Cohasset. Frances Helen Mccaffrey, Brighton. ' Two-year executive secretarial Maureen Elaine McCormack, Brookline. Tuesday, June 8, 1965 Maureen A. Berry, Quincy. Mary Therese McKinnon, Cambridge. Patricia Anne McMillan, Lowell. Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I have Elaine C. Bellinghieri, Canton. 1 Lorraine Rita Merola, Winthrop. ' introduced legislation to make it a Fed­ Patricia Lorraine Colarusso, Randolph.2 ' Lorraine Anne Nolan, Newton Centre. eral crime to assault or kill postal super­ Bernadette E. Curtin, Dedham. 1 Georgieanna C. Dalton, Norwood. Janet Marie Nyren, Natick. ' visors acting in official capacities. Maurita A. Dalton, Norwood.1' Jacqueline Patricia O'Connor, Watertown. I firmly believe that the Nation's postal Theresa Ann Shannon. Somerville.a ' supervisors are entitled to the protection Jeanne F. DeLucca, North Quincy. Margaret Ann Tully, Brighton. Dolores Colette DuBuc, Dorchester. Mary Eileen Walker, Cambridge. of the Federal criminal law when at­ Cheryl A. Egan, Quincy .2 ' tempts are made to kill or injure them Joanne Marie Francis, Quincy. Two-year executive secretarial while they are performing their official Geraldine T. Fraser, Quincy. Maureen Theresa Carr, Brighton. duties. I urge the Congr~ss to spell out Mary T. Grimshaw, Braintree. Carol Lynn Clark, Ashland.1 ' Dale J. Henderson, Quincy.1 Patricia Marie Clark, Waltham. to evildoers the fact that the long legal Constance Ann Langone, Mattapan. Therese Anne Colandreo, Somerville.1 ' arm of the Federal Government protects Marie Therese McLellan, Assinippi. Louise Marie d'Entremont. Waltham. Federal employees. Diane M. Mello, Milton. Rita Mary Donovan. Belmont.' Sandra Jean Pylant, Hanover. Mary Louise Grew, Somerville. 1 Honors. Eileen Ann Renna, Connecticut. Mary Rita Hall, Newton. 2 High honors. One-year executive secretarial Paula Jean Irwin, Milford. a Highest honors. Gail Beverly Andersen, Randolph.' Dianne Frances Marcin, Somerville. ' Member of National Business Honor Carol A. D'Angelo, Norton. Virgililil. Anne McBride, Belmont. Society.