5834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 4 memorializing Congress and the President By Mr. CURTIN: By Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN: of the United States to honor Revolutionary H.R. 5503. A bill for the relief of Jose J. H.R. 5510. A bill for the relief of Carmela War hero Lt. Col. William Ledyard by giving Quintero; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Macaro; to the Committee on the Judiciary. his name to a new submarine being built at By Mr. DELANEY: By Mr. HALPERN: Groton, Conn.; to the Committee on Armed H.R. 5504. A blll for the relief of Vittorio H.R. 5511. A bill for the relief of Kon­ Services. Danovaro; to the Committee on the Judi­ stantin P. Veliskakis; to the Committee on By Mr. LIBONATI: Senate Joint Resolu­ ciary. the Judiciary. tion No. 18 of the 73d General Assembly of H.R. 5505. A blll for the relief of Stav­ By Mr. HUTCHINSON: the State of Illinois; to the Committee on roula G. Regakos (Regakou); to the Com­ H.R. 5512. A bill for the relief of Mrs. the Judiciary. mittee on the Judiciary. Maria de Jesus Umali; to the Committee on By Mr. DERWINSKI: the Judiciary. H.R. 5506. A bill to revive the ofllce of By Mr. MURPHY of Illinois: General of the Armies of the United States H.R. 5513. A bill for the relief of Fang­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS and to authorize the President to appoint Tsun Kuo and his wife Agatha Mei-Tso Kuo; Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private General of the Army Douglas MacArthur to to the Committee on the Judiciary. bills and resolutions were introduced and such ofllce; to the Committee on Armed By Mr. SENNER: Services. H.R. 5514. A blll to direct the Secretary of severally referred as follows: By Mr. FEIGHAN: the Interior to sell certain public lands in By Mr. COHELAN: H.R. 5507. A bill for the relief of Michal the State of Arizona; to the Committee on H.R. 5500. A bill for the relief of Lt. John Goleniewski; to · the Committee on · the Interior and Insular Affairs. P. Mann; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. By Mr. SIBAL: By Mr. COLLIER: By Mr. FINO: H.R. 5515. A blll for the relief of Sebas­ H.R. 5501. A bill for the relief of Wieslawa H.R. 5508.A bill for the relief of Francesco tiano Nicolia; to the Committee on the Marianna Borczon; to the Committee on the Barone; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. Judiciary. H.R. 5509. A bill for the relief of Domenico By Mr. SMITH of California: By Mr. CONTE: and Giuseppa Di Roma and their minor H.R. 5516. A blll for the relief of Leslie H.R. 5502. A bill for the relief of Giuseppe child, Catalina; to the Committee on the Freeworth (also known as Laszlo Freiwirth) ; LaVersa; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Foster'1 Test Ban Treaty F allacie1 The Defense Department's seismologist However, the impossibility of keeping U.S. testified about the inherent limitations on progress up under these circumstances was seismic instruments to detect and identify adequately stated by President Kennedy on EXTENSION OF REMARKS as cheat tests signals of this very small size March 2, 1962, in announcing U.S. test OF (10 m1llimicrons and less). resumption following the breach of the then The net effect of this testimony was that existing informal testing moratorium. HON. CRAIG HOSMER intelligent Soviet cheating would create The President's words were as follows: OF CALIFORNIA signals which might be detected outside "In actual practice, particularly in a the U.S.S.R., but would be too small to society of free choice, we cannot keep top­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE_S identify as cheat tests. This is bee1..use such flight scientists concentrating on the prepa­ Thursday, April 4, 1963 signals cannot be distinguished from the ration of an experiment which may or may seismic signal of hundreds of small earth­ not take place on an uncertain date in the Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, on April quakes occurring annually in Soviet territory. future. Nor can large technical laboratories 2 Disarmament Agency Director Wil­ Therefore, there exists a big hole for be kept fully alert on a standby basis waiting liam C. Foster directed a letter to Mem­ cheating and clandestine development of for some other nation to break an agree­ bers of the Congress relating to the ad­ Soviet nuclear weapons superiority under ment. This 1s not merely difllcult or incon­ ministration's test ban treaty proposals. U.S. nuclear test ban treaty proposals. venient--we have explored this alternative This big hole can be closed, and an ef­ thoroughly and found it impossible of execu­ I have sent the following letters to col­ tion." leagues discussing the Foster letter. fective treaty achieved, only by U.S. in­ sistence on manned seismic stations inside The Director's letter briefly mentions argu­ The American Security Council Wash­ the U.S.S.R. Unmanned black boxes won't ments for a test ban treaty. A more com­ ington report referred to in the first let­ do the job because they are not tamper­ plete and fair discussion can be found at ter has been reprinted at pages 4914- proof. pages 3234-3236 of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 4915 of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: Although Mr. Foster mentions "intelli­ of February 28, 1963. gence" as another means to spot cheating, The subject also is covered in the American CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, Security Council's March 18, 1963, Washing­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, when one recalls the difllculties even of find­ ton Report which accompanies this letter. Washington, D.C., April 4, 1963. ing out what is going on in nearby Cuba, Sincerely yours, DEAR COLLEAGUE: If a nuclear test ban wisdom dictates little reliance be placed on CRAIG HOSMER, treaty will serve to reduce the world's risks, this alternative. Member of Congress. it is only an effective treaty which will do Sincerely, so-one which in fact stops nuclear weapons CRAIG HOSMER, progress equally on both sides of the Iron Member of Congress. Curtain. Negotiation of an ineffective treaty would CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, What Economy Program? surrender the benefits an effective one might HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, achieve. Washington, D.C., April 3, 1963. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Disarmament Agency Director William C. Re nuclear test ban treaty. OF Foster wrote you on April 2 declaring "signifi­ DEAR COLLEAGUE: Yesterday you received a cant Soviet advances" by cheat testing letter from the Director, Arms Control and HON. WILLIAM H. HARSHA Disarmament Agency, mentioning the risk "would require a series of testn." He added OF ORIO that under present U.S. treaty proposals of "surprise abrogation" inherent in test ban "the probabll1ty 1s high that any meaning­ treaty. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ful series would be discovered by seismic . This would be the situation if Soviet's pre­ Thursday, April 4, 1963 and intelligence means." pared clandestinely in their laboratories for I respectfully differ with Mr. Foster based a vital testing series. This could be done Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, I would on scientific facts brought to light during over a period of years behind the secrecy like to take this opportunity to point recent hearings on the Joint Committee on of the Iron Curtain. The Soviet Union then out that the continual expansion of Fed­ Atomic Energy. would suddenly announce withdrawal from eral governmental activities and in­ The AEC's Director of Military Applica­ the treaty and capitalize on this surprise creased civilian employment by the ad­ tions testified that all nuclear weapons of factor by conducting intensive tests. ministration are the major reasons why military interest except very large super The Director states the risk of Soviet H-bombs, which the Soviets have anyway, achievement of nuclear superiority in this Federal budgets and deficits continue to can· be developed by underground tests manner could be reduced by a U.S. policy of grow. which create seismic signals of very small maintaining readiness to test in such Since taking office, the present admin­ size. eventuality. istration has added 132,901 civilian em- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD - HOUSE 5835 ployees to the Federal payroll. In addi­ but will be unable to do so because I to my colleagues and others. The con­ tion, the President requested 36,500 new _ will be on active duty as a Naval Reserve clusion of his remarks follows: jobs in his 1964.budget. officer and Will -be visfting Guantanamo This has been a long statement, Mr. Chair­ The average annual wage of these em­ and :fleet and Marine units in the CUban man, and I expect that you and the com­ ployees is $5,800 and .this places an area at that time. mittee may be wondering, "What if anything added burden of approximately $1 billion However, I know I speak for all Okla­ has happened as a result of all this?" - per year on the budget, excluding the If I may summarize quickly as a result of homans in extending our sincere con­ the combination of things I have been talk­ necessary expenditures for equipment, gratulations to the city of Bartlesville ing about: office space, etc. and to its citizens and leaders whose One thousand one hundred and ninety­ These facts belie the administration's work and efforts have brought this great seven new exporters were introduced to in­ claim of a vigorous Federal job economy honor to our State. ternational trade through Department of program. Commerce field offices and completed at least one successful international transaction in 1962. Bartlesville Wins All-America Honors Statement of Draper Daniels, National Businessmen attending export seminars in 1962, 36,000. Export Expansion Coordinator, Before The Department of Commerce Field Office EXTENSION OF REMARKS Director estimates that 85 to 90 percent of OF House Small Business Committee these were small businessmen. Of all applications for export credit insur­ HON. ED EDMONDSON EXTENSION OF REMARKS ance through FCIA 17¥2 percent came OF OKLAHOMA from firms that had never before exported. OF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. exports increased to $20.901 billion, an HON. JOE L. EVINS increase of 4 percent. Thursday, April 4, 1963 If OF TENNESSEE this sounds good, let me assure you that Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, a it isn't nearly good enough. If we are to signal honor was recently bestowed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES solve our balance-of-payments problem by Thursday, April 4, 1963 increasing our exports, we need to do more upon a community in Oklahoma's Sec­ than twice as well. ond Congressional District when the Na­ Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, at the hear­ I do not believe that this is at all tional Municipal League and Look maga­ ings held last week by the House Small impossible. zine designated the city of Bartlesville Business Committee, of which I have the as a recipient of the annual All-America honor to serve as chairman, it was re­ City awards. freshing to find that the President and Conservation This is a distinguished honor for which his administration appear to be moving all Oklahoma is proud. Bartlesville is forward in assisting businessmen, and EXTENSION OF REMARKS 1 of 11 American cities to be singled out particularly small businessmen to enter for this outstanding recognition out of into an expanded program of foreign OF the nearly 70 applicants that were con­ trade. Although there is much that HON. AL ULLMAN sidered. needs to be done, it appears that definite The basic criterion for selecting the OF OREGON and positive progress have been made IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES award-winning cities is effective citizen by the administration in this direction. action in addition to good local govern­ Mr. Draper Daniels, the newly ap­ Thursday, April 4, 1963 ment. pointed National Export Expansion Co­ Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Bartlesville well qualifies in this re­ ordinator, appeared before the House Honorable RALPH HARDING, of Idaho, is gard. The community leaders and citi­ Small Business Committee and, in ex­ already well known for his defense of the zens of Bartlesville have a fierce com­ plaining his functions, quoted the Presi­ public interest in matters involving the munity pride and they work together on dent's memorandum to various agencies protection of our great natural re­ various projects which are greatly bene­ involved concerning the functions of this sources. In particular, his advocacy of ficial to the city and to the State of new post. The memorandum quoted by sound soil conservation practices marks Oklahoma. Mr. Daniels and which explains the him an expert in this field which is of The junior chamber of commerce is scope of his office follows: such vital importance to the continued an excellent example of the spirit and On July 12, I appointed Draper Daniels, of prosperity of our Nation. enthusiasm with which the citizens of Illinois, National Export Expansion Coordi­ On March 29 Representative HARDING Bartlesville tackle community projects. nator. appeared before the House Agriculture The Jaycees spearheaded many proj­ Stationed in the Department of Commerce Appropriations Subcommittee in support ects, among them being a statewide drive and reporting to Secretary Hodges, the Na­ of additional funds for conservation that secured 220,000 signatures to a pe­ tional Coordinator functions across depart­ activity for the coming fiscal year. In tition for reapportionment of the State mental lines. his statement he spoke not just on be­ legislature, thus forcing a referendum Anything designed to facilitate the expan­ half of the farmer who works the soil, vote. sion of this country's export sales is his con­ but for everyone-producer, processor, The April 23 issue of Look magazine, cern, and increased exports help our balance of payments which is the concern of all of and consumer. His remarks reflect my which highlights the All-America City us. interest in the need for adequate funds winners, points up other Jaycee-com­ Specifically, he is charged with coordinat­ for important conservation programs. munity activities such as the successful ing all parts of the export expansion pro­ Under leave to extend my remarks in the 5-month campaign to raise $612,760 for gram, regardless of origin, with keeping the RECORD, I include his statement to the a new 52-acre city park and an adjoining program focused on major and meaningful subcommittee. 160-acre 18-hole golf course. targets, and with moving it toward specific and possible goals on a workable timetable. We cannot hope to adequately meet Bartlesville residents enthusiastically the demands of the future unless we take supported this drive and all funds needed All programs in being designed to aid ex­ for the project were collected from local port expansion should be reviewed with him the steps needed to conserve what we and any new programs to be initiated should already have. Representative HARDING contributors. This same generous re­ be reviewed with him. asked that funds be provided to allow sponse was given to the local community merely a realistic minimum program of fund and United Health-Service Fund Although Mr. Daniels has been in his conservation. I commend his statement campaigns. post only since July of 1962, the pres­ to the attention of my colleagues. The Bartlesville Jaycees are planning entation he made to our committee indicates that his office is already begin­ REPRESENTATIVE RALPH HARDING TESTIMONY a celebration on April 19 and 20 in honor BEFORE HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, of the city's recent recognition, and an ning to function effectively in coordinat­ AGRICULTURE SUBCOMMITI'EE ON APPROPRI­ outstanding program is being formu­ ing activities of various agencies in re­ ATIONS, MARCH 29, 1963 lated. lation to foreign trade. In summarizing Mr. Chairman and members of the sub­ I had hoped to be on hand personally his statement, Mr. Daniels briefly set out committee, I appreciate your courtesy in for the celebration and to congratulate some of the accomplishments in this granting me sufiicient time to come person­ the residents of Bartlesville personally, field, which I believe will be of interest ally before your Agriculture Subcommittee 5836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE A'[fril 4 on Appropriations to discuss with you again other conservation offices in Idaho and read in the national press, Idaho was hit by this year some of my concerns as I look over throughout the Nation, I know. raging floodwaters in the early spring of the funds which have been requested for Adequate technical people must be sup­ 1962 and again early this year. conservation purposes in the fiscal 1964 plemented by sumcient soil and water re­ The areas most severely damaged are·small budget. search staff and facilities. They are part of farming areas in need of the kind of struc­ First I would like to say that while I rep­ the same package. One cannot operate tural and land treatment assistance which resent an agricultural State and serve on the emciently and progressively without the can be provided under the Public Law 566 House Agriculture Committee it is not strict­ other. program . ly my interest in the farmers alone that Yet a look at the fl.seal 1964 budget reveals . I am told by Lee T. Morgan, Idaho's State brings me before your subcommittee today. that not only are ~unds _for the construction conservationist, that in our State alone we For conservation of our natural resources of new research facilities being curtailed, need to be engaged in watershed planning· concerns all groups in our country, the but inadequate funds have been set aside at at least double the current rate and businessman in the metropolitan area just to utilize already existing facilities. the Idaho State Association of Soil Con­ as much as the farmer. There is no one who For example, the middle of this month at servation Districts assures me this is true does not directly or indirectly benefit from the Snake River Conservation Field Station on a nationwide basis. the wise use of our soil and water resources. at Kimberly, Idaho, we had a dedication and The water problems in Idaho are extremely That is why so many of us from widely cornerstone laying ceremony with great en­ complex and frequently it is necessary for divergent areas are following your actions thusiasm evident among the participants the local people to call on the services of on these appropriations so closely and hop.;. over what this facility was going to add to both the Soil Conservation Service and the ing that adequate funds to meet the increas­ the State and to the agricultural industry in Corps of Army Engineers. As we all know, ing needs for resource improvement and de­ particular from the soil and water research the corps' work is devoted to the main water velopment can be provided. planned there. stems, but their efforts need to be supple­ My first concern this year, as last year, is The construction of the project is well mented by work upstream on the small over the fact that suffi.cient funds have not ahead of schedule, I am told, and should be watersheds. been set aside to increase the level of tech­ ready for occupancy in July, but the funds The need for greater watershed planning nical people to staff our soil conservation set aside in the budget for this plant would is no more dramatically demonstrated than districts. leave it standing nearly idle for at least a looking at what happened in the little com­ It is true that the fl.seal 1964 budget sets year. The budget request for an increase of munity of Bancroft, Idaho, hit twice by the aside an additional $1,072,500 for existing soil about $50,000, along with other funds in the floodwaters since 1962. conservation districts. But let us take a State which can be allocated for this field It is the view of the supervisors of the local close look, if we may, at what this amount station, provide for only a little over $100,000 soil conservation district that an adequate means when it is distributed on a State basis. for this research facility which will benefit watershed treatment program, carried out In my State of Idaho, where soil conser­ not only Idaho, but also our surrounding under Public Law 566, could have reduced vation districts number 54 and some 18,598 neighbors-Wyoming, Nevada, Oregon, Mon­ the amount of runoff during these two persons are participating in resource im­ tana, Utah, and California. floods almost in half and saved many dam­ provement activities, I am informed that of I urge that the increase for the coming aged homes and businesses in their this amount only $12,000 additional will be year be $643,300 required to complete the community. forthcoming if the total appropriation re­ projected implementation instead of the I would prefer to provide funds now for quested is approved. $50,000 included in the budget. adequate watershed development than to And how many additional technicians can Proving that conservation does concern extend our tax money on flood recovery after be added to these Idaho soil conservation more than the farmer, the Twin Falls, Idaho, the precious water has been lost and taken districts where the man-years of technical Chamber of Commerce joins the conserva­ a terrific ton of public and private property. assistance for each omce are continually de­ tion districts in this plea for more funds for The current budget request of $5% million, creasing as the workload grows, not more the Snake River Field Station. which is the same amount as appropriated than 1% persons for the entire State. "We feel there must be some error in pro­ for fl.seal year 1963, for watershed planning Conservation district supervisors, both in viding funds. At the present time the level enables Idaho to handle only two water my State and nationwide, report that each of proposed appropriation would leave the planning applications a year. The Na­ of these districts if adequately staffed would plant standing substantially idle for at least tional Association of Soil Conservation need 1 % additional persons or a total of 81 a year. This would be most dtmcult to ex­ Districts has asked that this be increased statewide. plain and understand." to $7% million. Recognizing the great demands on the Then there are the research facilities at I urge the approval of these additional budget for other purposes, it was hoped by Pullman, Wash., whose assignment is to in­ funds as does the Idaho Soil Conservation the National Association of Soil and Water vestigate water erosion control on the frozen Association. Conservation Districts, as well as the Idaho wheatland soils of the Palouse region. Al­ But watershed planning is just the begin­ association, that this staff increase of 1% per­ though not located in my State, Idahoans, ning. Funds spent for planning are not of sons for each district might be accomplished too, have much to gain from the results .of value unless these plans can be carried out. over a 4-year period. these studies. The current requests for construction If this were the case, Idaho should have Therefore, I again join Idaho soil conserva­ under the watershed program provides for funds to employ 20 more technicians this only 36 new starts for 1964 nationwide. This year instead of the 1% persons the present tion experts in urging that the present budget would allow. budget request of $78,000 be increased by at is less than one per State I urge, as do con­ least $200,000 which they tell me would "pro­ servation experts, that this be increased by Right here let me point out that in many $20 million. ways our conservation program is an unusual vide for a sizable effort to tie in with wheat­ one. ·Locally people organize themselves into land work proposed at the Snake River sta­ It is noted that the budget request for conservation districts, choose unpaid leaders tion at Kimberly and the proposed soil and conservation contains a new item-$6,275,000 and then come to the Federal Government water research activities at Pendleton, Oreg." for resource conservation and development for the technical assistance they need Last year when I appeared before the sub­ projects. These were authorized last year through the Soil Conservation Service. These committee I expressed my concern over the under Public Law 87-703. It is the hope of districts also seek financial help from local fact that the authorization for agricultural the secretary of Agriculture and the Admin­ and State governments. conservation program assistance for aiding istrator of the Soil Conservation Service that If adequate technicians are not available, farmers and ranchers in bearing the cost 10 projects can be initiated in 1964. it can only serve to stifle local initiative and of accomplishing soil and water conserva­ Several soil conservation districts in my progress. And I am afraid this will be the tion measures had been reduced by $100 State are interested in this and busy at work case in Idaho if we cannot soon provide our million from the $250 million of the previous with county commissioners and other local people with the aid they request and require. year to $150 million. people developing applications for considera­ States the Yellowstone Soil Conservation The current budget again carries this pro­ tion. District in Fremont County in their annual posed reduction. As you know, the com­ While one of these initial projects may not report mailed to my office the middle of this mittee last year restored this to $250 million. be located in my congressional district, month: I commend you for this action and urge nevertheless I want to support this item "Requests for assistance from the district that this be done again. since indirectly any work of this type does are increasing quite rapidly from all phases Greater emphasis is also needed on weed benefit my State and the Nation generally. of agrit::ulture; irrigated, dryland, wood­ control research which causes greater agri­ I also note in going over the agricultural land, .and range. The most consistent re­ cultural losses than any other pest or crop appropriation requests that there is only quests come from the irrigated section, impediment. $500,000 in the budget for scabies control because this area is within short distance of In view of the fact that the University and eradication. While this departs some­ the district omce. These requests alone are of Idaho is so ideally geared to research of what from my emphasis on conservation enough to keep the present work unit staff this type, I hope that when such a facility needs, I did not want to overlook this oppor.:. busy." is established it can be at this land-grant tunity to call your committee's attention to The Yellowstone district reports to me college. the need for adequate funds to eradicate this that they need at least two more technicians Now I ask your subcommittee to look close­ disease which attacks sheep. to handle their workload. And this report ly at the need for greater «:lmphasis on wa­ My own State of Idaho has fortunately is typical of the workload situation in 'the tershed planning. As perhaps many of you. not had a scabies outbreak ~or many years, 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE 5837 but as long as it exists in other areas it does ber of this unit since he reached the age problems that are frustrating and ditllcu_lt constitute a threat ~ our sheep industry in of .21. to solve. the Western States. It gives me pleasure today to congrat­ Secondly, the farm population which em-. Since the States contributed over $1 mil­ braced 9 out of 10 Americans in Jeffer­ lion last year to fighting scabies I would ulate Carl Follen Unit No. 103 on its 41st son's day now comprises only 8 percent of hope the Federal . Government could mor~ anniversary and wish for the member­ the American people. This inevitably spells adequately supplement their efforts by at ship many long years of continued good a relative decline in the political power and least matching the amount of money they fellowship and service. public appeal of agriculture. are expending for eradicating thls disease Thirdly, there is no organization to speak and eliminate the need for the amounts for agriculture with a single voice. This we spend annually for control purposes. not only frustrates the friends of the farm­ While I am sure your Subcommittee hears American Agriculture in a Changing er in Congress; lt means that the farmer's mostly requests for funds and gets few com­ story is told poorly to the Nation. mendations on the vital decisions you must World I am constantly appalled by the distorted make on appropriations, I do want to take views on agriculture of my urban friends. this opportunity to commend you for the For example, they labor under the false action taken last year in strengthening the EXTENSION OF REMARKS impression that the farm price support pro­ snow survey and water forecast phase of OP gram results in excessively high food prices our program. Thls has proved of inestima­ to the American housewife. Actually, con­ ble value in my State in that we have been HON. RUSSELL B. LONG sumer food costs are $4 to $6 billion a year able to increase the number of soil moisture OF LOUISIANA less than if farm prices had increased as stations, have added snow survey courses IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES much as prices in other parts of the economy and currently provide our water users with in the last 8 years. the best forecasts that have ever been Thursday, April 4, 1963 Again, urban taxpayers look askance at available. Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi­ the $6 billion budget of the Department of With current reports indicating that the dent, recently the Senator from South Agriculture and assume that this is a gi­ snow in Idaho this year is at . the lowest gantic subsidy to farmers. Of course, the level ever recorded, this information wm en­ Dakota [Mr. McGOVERN] was guest major portion of this budget ls not a farm able our farmers to start immediately to use speaker at the Independent Bankers subsidy at all. Much of it goes to finance their short supply of water to the best Association 29th annual convention at such programs as the school lunch and spe­ possible advantage. the Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans. cial school milk program, our oversea food­ I hope you will allow me one last com­ While in my State addressing this meet­ for-peace program, the consumers meat-in­ ment on the work on the Soil Conservation ing, he delivered an interesting message spection program, repayable loans for rural Service generally. In my travels throughout with reference to the situation of agri­ electrification, management of our national my congressional district I am continually culture in a changing world. I thought forests, a.nd storage fees to commercial stor­ impressed with the excellent reports I am age companies. given on the work which ls being provided each Member of the Senate would be Many city dwellers call for oversimplified by these technicians and the local conser­ very much interested in what the Sena­ "solutions" to the farm problem, such as vation districts. I have yet to hear one tor from South Dakota had to say on eliminating the "marginal" farmer. This complaint which as your subcommittee this occasion and I, accordingly, ask recommendation overlooks the fact that members know is unusual for any program, unanimous consent that the address be thousands of farmers who are now at the be it Federal, State or local. printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. margin of :financial failure would not be in These soil conservation people are doing There being no objection, the address that plight if they were receiving a fair price a tremendous job, and I hope the Congress for their produce. can give them the monetary assistance they was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, I know that the independent bankers of so desperately need to carry out their vital as follows: America are keenly aware of both the prob­ work programs. AMERICAN AGRICULTURE IN A CHANGING WORLD lems and the importance of agriculture. Be­ (Address by Senator GEORGE McGoVERN, cause you are in daily association with the Democrat, of south Dakota, at the 29th hopes, the anxieties, and the dltllcultles of Annual Convention of the Inqependent our farm famllies, you know better than The 4ht Anniversary of Carl Follen Unit Bankers Association, March 26, 1963) most of us the integral relationship between In the early years of our national history, a healthy agriculture and a prosperous mai~ No.103, Steuben Society of America Thomas Jefferson observed that "the small street. landholder is the most precious part of the One of the most eloquent statements on EXTENSION OF REMARKS state." the current challenge to American agricul­ ture was delivered by one of your distin­ OF Jefferson asserted his conviction that "those who labor in the earth are the chosen guished spokesmen, Mr. Pat DuBois, before HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO people of God, if ever He had a chosen a congressional committee a year ago. That people • • •." statement refuted in unmistakable language OF NEW YORK Throughout our history, most Americans the false notion that we can eliminate the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have shared to varying degrees Je1ferson's farm problems simply by eliminating farm­ Thursday, April 4, 1963 lofty view of the importance of agriculture ers. in American life. As Mr. DuBois put it: "Move the people Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, today, It ls true that for many decades the glitter from the farms and you also remove the April 4, 1963, marks the 41st anniversary of the city has held a. strong attraction for banks and other service institutions. The of the establishment of Carl Follen Unit American farm youth. No one has fUlly an­ farmers came to the prairies before the towns No. 103, Steuben Society of America. swered the question: "How ya gonna. keep and when the farmers are gone there will be This unit has its headquarters in my 'em down on the farm after they've seen no further need for the towns." Paree." If we could assure the farmer a fair return congressional district and most of its But at least until recent years, agriculture on his products, it would be a powerful members reside in the Seventh Congres­ has occupied a high place, not only in pub­ stimulus to business and industry. Pros­ sional District of New York. lic opinion, but also in the Congress of the perous farmers are the Nation's best cus­ The aims and purposes of the Steuben United States. tomers for basic commodities such as steel, Society of America, in part, call upon Senator ELLENDER, of Louisiana, chairman rubber, machinery, appliances, and a host of the members to loyally support the Con­ of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, other items that keep the factory wheels stitution of the United States of Amer­ told me that when he first came to Wash­ turning. The most effective way I know to ington 26 years ago, Senators considered reduce unemployment, get the economy mov­ ica by advocating the proper application agricUlture and appropriations the two most ing, and retard the exodus of young people of its provisions and inculcating the desirable committee assignments open to any from the rural areas to the cities ls to principles underlying true democratic Sena.tor. strengthen our farm economy. In my view, government. Truly, it can be said that Yet, this year I was the only Member of if we could correct the imbalance between the Carl Follen Unit No. 103 has in the Senate to request assignment to the agriculture and the rest of the economy, it every way exemplified this aim of the Committee on Agriculture, and :five Sena­ would do more to stimulate the economic society. Its members are active in local, tors presently on the committee asked to life of the Nation than the President's pro­ get off. Only three of them were permitted posed tax cut. State, and National matters of impor­ to do so. tance to our citizenry. Many of them A strong and prosperous agriculture is es­ What has happened in recent years to sential not only for the welfare of our farm have risen to important positions in explain this turn of events? families and our domestic economy but in a their community, State, and Nation. My I suspect there are several factors. broader sense because the food and fiber of predecessor in the House of Representa­ First of ·all, agriculture has become an Am.erlca is one o! our most valuable assets tives, Albert H. Bosch, has been a mem.. extremely complex· industry aftllcted wlth in today's world. 5838 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 4 As.the former director of the Nation's food­ can doubt the genuine, humanitarian de­ States. There is other solid evidence of for-peace program, I ca.me to a. new a.ppre­ sii:e of the American people to see· our food l!:uropean efforts. to bloek imports of Ameri­ cia.tion of the enormous . a.dvanta.ge this reserves shared with the wprld's hungry. _ can farm products. Nation has in our marvelous capacity to There have been two especially i~portant · Our Government, and especially Secretary produce food. breakthroughs, in food for peace recently Freeman, has very properly sounded a strong Indeed~ I believe that the- productivity of' which hold exciting future prospects. The note of protest against these efforts. If the. American agriculture is coveted more by our first of these is the use of food to pay the United States were to lOSj' a major part of. competitors in Russia and China than any wages of workers engaged in building schools. our agricultural markets in Western Europe, other U.S. asset. roads, clinics, and rural improvements. it would have a disastrous impact on our Having traveled in most of the underde­ Today in a dozen countries, American cer­ farm economy and also on our balance of veloped nations of the globe, I am equaDY, eals and other foods are financing part of payments. convinced that the most serious· barrier to the wages of workers employed on valuable It is hoped th.at the Trade Expansion Act the development of" those nations is their public works projects. Wheat and corn and of 1962' will strengthen the President's bar­ backward agricultural system-inefficient rice and milk from across the Nation are gaining power with the Comm.on Market production, lack of rural credit, and a deca­ being converted into classrooms, roadways, countries. It is imperative, however, that the dent system of land ownership and taxation. and better communities abroad. President keep agriculture and industry in One of the major weaknesses of our for­ A second challenging breakthrough is a a package when he negotiates our arrange­ eign assistance program has been its over­ greatly expanded oversea school lunch pro­ ments with the Common Market. He must emphasis on industrial development at the gram. The most precious asset of any na­ not grant trade concessions to European in­ expense of more urgently needed rural de­ tion is its children. Their health and edu­ dustrial producers who desire to sell in the· velopment. The capital investments we cation are the twin foundations of social United States until we are assured of favor­ made in Western Europe under the Marshall growth. able treatment for our normal agricultural plan were effective because Europe had the School lunches not only give new physi­ exports to Europe. technical and administrative experience to cal energy and health to the children, they In addition to vast economic aid to Western use such aid eftlciently. But those factors result in sharply improved school attend­ Europe after World War II, the American are missing in Latin America, Asia, and ance and academic performance. A pilot people have, for many years, financed a sig­ Africa. Basic rural and community develop­ school lunch agreement with Peru resulted nificant portion of the cost of Europe's de­ ment must come first. We take our own in a 40-percent increase in school attend­ ance in its first year of operation. Eight fense. Our troops and weapons commit­ food production for granted, but this is the ments to Berlin and the NATO forces have crying need in most of the rest of the world. and one-half million ehildren in Latin Amer­ ica are now enjoying this American assisted been most generous. These commitments We have been awed by the achievements have seriously affected our balance-of-pay- of our astronauts in outer space. But the school lunch program. Thirty-five million school children around the world are now ments position. · world which these remarkable men left be­ I think, therefore, that if necessary, the hind for a few hours is a world where two­ participating in our food-for-peace program. In Japan where the program has been op­ President should make it clear to the Com­ thirds of the inhabitants till the soil with mon Market countries, that if they exclude crude implements and primitive tech­ era.ting since the end o! World War II, the niques-little changed in the past 3,000 Japanese have now taken over the entire re­ our farm exports, we may find it necessary years. sponsibility. Japanese children who learned to withdraw pa.rt or all of our military forces It is still the fate- of most of the inhabi­ at school to enjoy American milk and wheat from Europe. The defense of Europe .is now tants of the earth to see their children suffer :flour and other U.S. commodities help ex­ primarily a European responsibility in any the listlessness of body, the dullness of mind, plain why Japan has become our best dollar event, and we can permit no further de­ and the weariness of spirit that are the com­ customer for American farm products. terioration of either our balance-of-pay­ panions of malnutrition. America's agricultural know-how has not ments position or our agricultural economy. This paradox of plenty in the midst of only resulted in invaluable contributions of The trade negotiations ahead will not be hunger prompted Congress to enact in 1954 food to a hungry world; it has also enabled easy, especially in view of Mr. de Gaulle's one of the most imaginative laws ever plac.ed us to offer vitally needed technical assist­ apparent desire to use French agriculture as on the U.S. statute books. ance to the developing countries. Through his chief instrument in establishing a Public Law 480, passed with broad bi­ our overseas point 4 program and our Peace Western Europe that is much more inde­ partisan support, made American surplus Corps units, we have offered the skills of pendent of the United States. food available to friendly countries who hundreds of our trained agricultural tech­ But in the long run. if our n~gotia.tors are were unable to. meet their needs through nicians. We are also cooperating in the tough and intelligent, we can face the future traditional commercial arrangements. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization and in the firm knowledge that the unparallelled Since its passage in the summer of 1954, the Freedom From Hunger campaign. efficiency of American agriculture will assure U.S. food and fiber valued at over $11 bil­ When one considers that three-fourths of us of an expanding trade. lion have moved to more than 100 countries the people of the world are rural residents, Nearly a quarter of a century ago, the De­ and territories: under concessional sales ar­ it is clear that the amazing efficiency of the partment of Agriculture published a great rangements or as outright grants. American farmer is our most appealing ma­ yearbook entitled, "Farmers In a Changing In the opening hours of his administra­ terial asset. This is one area of competition World." In a postscript to the foreword of tion, President Kennedy gave new force to in which we have no serious challenge from that 1940 publication, the editor identified Public Law 480 by an Executive order creat­ the Communist world. It is, perhaps, our the underlying theme of the book as. the ing a food-for-peace omce in the White greatest opportunity to lead the rural so­ necessity in the modern world for constant House which I was privileged to head. The cieties of Latin America, Africa, and Asia and adequate adjustment to change. President called for an expanded effort to into the solid social and economic growth And he added: "The fundamental prob­ use our .. agricultural abundance as a na­ which makes peace and freedom possible. lems of our agriculture are not likely to be tional asset to meet foreign policy objec­ I would like to think that more of our lessened by the changing international situ­ tives." enormous reservoir of agricultural techni­ ation. They are more likely to be intensified, This far-reaching Executive order has cians, extension workers, and retired farmers and there will be more need than ever to given a. dynamic new dimenison to American might become involved for a time in pointing meet them with courage and intelligence in food reserves. It has done much to replace the rural people of the world toward higher order that we may strengthen our country to. the negative concept of surplus disposal standards of life. the utmost." with a positive view of U.S. agricultural There is one final challenge that I think I can think of no more fitting words on abundance as a precious national asset. It is worthy of the careful thought of everyone which to conclude this consideration of the has given the American farmer a vital f'take concerned with the future of American ag­ prospects !acing our !armers in a changing in foreign policy. It has focused worldwide riculture-the European Common Market. world. attention on the achievements of American This new trading bloc composed of France, agriculture in a world Of food shortages. It Italy, West Germany, Belgium, Holland, and has strengthened the political and moral Luxembourg-absorbed a third of our entire Shackle Cuban Freedom Fighters 1 position of the United States in interna­ oversea dollar sales of agricultural produce Why tional a.ft'alrs. in 1962. Other West European countries There is, of course, a double thrust be­ including the United Kingdom are seeking EXTENSION OF REMARKS hind food for peace. It is first of all clear­ entrance to the community and will doubt­ OP ly in the self-interest of the American peo­ less be admitted eventually. ple to reduce cost~y storages, to protect our The burning question for U.S. agriculture HON. JOHN 0. MARSH, JR. farm economy from price-depressing sur­ turns on whether or not this huge historical OF VIRGINIA pluses, to stimUlate our shipping industry outlet !or our farm produce will throw up a by massive food shipments, and to develop trade wall to hold out future agricultural IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES long-range commercial. markets. Food for shipments from ·the United States. Thursday, April 4, 1963 peace does all or these things. Recent actions by West Germany against But the other thrust behind. food for peace American poultry and some of the pro­ Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, patriotic stems from the philosophy of the scriptural nouncements of the French are genuine anti-Castro Cubans-in the United admonition to "feed ~ hungry." No one cause for concern on the part of the United States, in Latin America, in their un- 1963 CONGRESSlONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5839 happy homeland-must harbor feelings and on April a officials from Boston will POSSIBLE ESTIMATE OF DOLLAR BENEFITS of bewilderment, frustration, and anger come to New York so that plans might be FROM YOUTH CONSERVATION CORPS WORK completed by May 1. It would appear that There is over 300,000 man-years of devel­ after reading the stern statements of our the Secretary's announcement may just be State Department spokesman in regard opment work on the national forests that is ~n instance of managed news. available for accomplishment by a Youth to Alpha 66 raids on Cuba, and noting I request the Senate Finance Committee Conservation Corps. the extraordinary measures being taken to ask the Secretary of the Treasury to re­ The direct financial revenues to the Treas­ by our Government to curb these forays. consider this decision. ury from the national forests, if all of this Cubans who live for the day of their work was accomplished, would rise to over country's liberation may be able to ap­ $200 million annually by 1972. Payments preciate the undesirability of open en­ from national forest revenues for county couragement Of these harassing tactics, Dollar Benefits of Youth Conservation schools and roads would increase corre­ spondingly. The capital value of the timber, but they must be mystified by this strong Corps Work in National Forests forage, and lands of the national forests condemnation from the Government would increase by about $2 billion. which once led them to bitter disap­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS The timber stand improvement and refor­ pointment at the Bay of Pigs. estation work would contribute materially As long as Alpha 66 is going it alone, OF to a long-term investment resulting in tim­ why could not our .State Department HON. AL ULLMAN ber production of 21 billion board feet of spokesmen content themselves with the sawtimber annually by the year 2000, worth simple statement, "We don't know any­ OF OREGON $350 million annually in timber sales. thing about it"? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In addition to direct financial income to Thursday, April 4, 1963 the United States as a result of national forest development, there will be both sub­ Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, recently stantial secondary benefits and very real in­ I wrote to the Secretary of Agriculture tangible benefits. Secondary benefits in­ Proposed Shift of the Internal Revenue to see if estimates could be made of the clude such things as numbers of people Service From New York to Boston employed directly on the program work and dollar benefits that would result from the harvesting of national forest timber and the work of a Youth Conservation Corps other products and the value added to those EXTENSION OF REMARKS ~n our national forests. I found his products by manufacture, distribution, and OF answer to be rather startling. marketing. A very conservative estimate by the In timber alone, it is estimated that for HON. JOHN W. WYDLER Forest Service indicates that the direct every dollar of national forest stumpage sold, OF NEW YORK and indirect dollar benefits of a Youth the end products will be worth about $20 by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Conservation Corps would be about the time they reach the ultimate consumer. $7 ,000 per enrollee as compared to the The estimated employment directly asso­ Thursday, April 4, 1963 ciated with the utilization of timber har­ annual cost per enrollee of $3,895. vested from the national forests will amount Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I am I think my colleagues would be inter­ to about 800,000 man-years annually by 1972. strongly opposed to the proposed shift ested in reading the Forest Service's This will be more than twice the current of the Internal Revenue Service o:mce full report. Under unanimous consent, level. from New York to Boston, and, while I I insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a Development of the recreation facillties on believe in more efficient Government op­ copy of the report along with copies of national forests would serve the recreation­ erations, find it difficult to understand my correspondence with the Agriculture ists who will be putting into trade channels how moving operations to the area of Department: by 1972, $1.5 b1llion for sporting equipment, lesser demand will save money. It ap­ APRIL 2, 1968. transportation, licenses, lodging, and other pears to me that just the opposite will Hon. 0Rvn.LE L. FREEMAN, items. be the result. Secretary of Agriculture, Development and improvement of the Department of Agriculture, small and big game habitat and fishing The Senate Finance Committee will Washington, D.C. waters by a Youth Conservation Corps would meet in executive session tomorrow, DEAR Ma. SECRETARY: As you know I have increase the use of many national forest April 5, to study the matter, and I have joined with other of my colleagues in spon­ areas by hunters and fishermen. It is esti­ made my views known to that august soring legislation to authorize a Youth Con­ mated that fishermen and hunters spend body, recommending that the Secretary servation Corps. While it is my own feeling about $10 for each ma.n-day visit to na­ of the Treasury be requested to recon­ that the most significant argument for this tional forests. Increase of this use through sider this decision. legislation is the personal benefits for the improvement of the wildlife habitat would individual enrollee, I am also quite aware put a large share of this man-day expendi­ The text of my letter to Chairman of the great benefits that would result in ture into the local economy. BYRD is submitted for the future con­ the work of conserving our natural resources. Of the reservoir of national forest work sideration of my colleagues: I would very much appreciate it if the -available to a Youth Conservation Corps pro­ I want to place my views and recom­ Forest Service could make estimates of the gram and the resultant total benefits, the mendations before the Senate Finance Com­ actual dollar benefits that would result from following examples indicate possible bene­ mittee for consideration at the executive the work of YCC members in the national fits attributable to the program. session tomorrow, April 5, being held to in­ forests. If possible, would you also include On a national average, recreationists spend vestigate the reasons behind the removal and the delayed and indirect benefits such as about $5.50 per person-trip day. It is esti­ transfer of the New York City regional in­ eventual timber sales and recreational mated that national forest recreation visi­ ternal revenue office to Boston. revenues. tors spend about half of this average, or The announced reason is that a consolida­ With continued best wishes. $2.50 per man-day. Every family recreation tion of the two district offices will save Sincerely yours, unit constructed by a Youth Corps on the money. If this is true, I think it woul~ also AL ULLMAN, national forests, at an approximate cost of be true that more money will be saved by Member of Congress. $1,000 per unit, would return approximately consolidating the much smaller district into $1,060 annual expenditures by recreationists the much larger district. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, into the local economy in a year or two. It The logic of this, it is argued, is upset by FOREST SERVICE, is estimated that a Youth Corps of 15,000 the proximity of the Boston site to the Washington D.C., April 3, 1963. enrollees could conduct at least 12,000 fam­ Reco!·d Center. I submit that unless the Hon. AL ULLMAN, ily recreation units annually, which would proximity is such that material is unc:Ier the House of Representatives, return approximately $12 million into the same roof no substantial saving will be real­ Washington, D.C. local economy in a year or two. ized for this reason. DEAR Ma. ULLMAN: This acknowledges your Millions of acres of young growth timber The plain fact is that the New York dis­ letter of April 2 to Secretary Freeman, who stands on the national forests or of timber trict is the main district, and geographically has referred it to us for reply. stands partially or completely denuded by is much better located than the proposed Attached is a statement which has been fl.re, insects, diseases, or other causes will, Boston area. prepared showing the potential benefits from when culturally treated, return $5,000 or I have just been informed that although a Youth Conservation Corps program. We more in 10 years on a $3,000 investment. it has been publicly stated that the Secre­ believe that it will serve the purpose you had There are nearly 30 million acres of na­ ta y of the Treasury is reviewing this mat­ in mind in your inquiry to the Secretary. tional forests lands in need of such treat­ ter, the entire transfer is proceeding without Sincerely yours, · ment. A 15,000 Youth Corps could accomp­ delay. New York's top omcials were sent to W. S. SWINGLER, lish about 2,000 man-years or $7 milllon Boston on March 15 to arrange the transfer, Acting Chief. worth of such work annually. This would 5840 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - .HOUSE April 4 return about •11.7 million annually in 10 investigating the lobbying activities of Fed- 6. It should be supported by all of the years. eral agencies. One of the worst offenders of people of the United States who pa.y taxes, _ Similar benefit& can be indicated in wild­ that era was the Federal Security Agency, just as almost every other national need is life habitat improvement to increase use of predec~ssor of the Department of Health, satfsfied out of national· income. · ~any nation~ forest areas by sportsmen; Education, and Welfare. Oscar Ewing, Chief 7. It should encourage family :respon- watershed restoration to stabilize soil, im­ of the Agency, wa:s engaged in a ·widespread sibility toward.older people. prove stream:O.ows, and enhance water qual­ lobbying campaign to place the Federal Gov- ity; insect and disease control to prevent ernment in control of all health services of THE BOW BILL annual losses in timber of about •94 mil­ the United States and guarantee cradle-to- The basis of the Bow bill is incentive. lion annually; and forest road and trail the-grave security for every American, the The incentive is found in tax credits. We maintenance and construction to increase object of his affections was the old Wagner- state that the United States believes in medi­ public use and access to resources. Murray-Dingell bill. His principal agent, cal care insurance fer everyone. We believe who has now returned to Government as a that the special problems of retired people A very conservative dollar estimate of the close associate of rriy fellow panelist, was merit a special. incentive to encourage insur- direct and indirect benefits of a Youth Corps Assistant Secretary Wilbur Cohen. ance protection for them. is a return of about $7,000 per enrollee or The Forand bill of several years ago, the I would allow a tax credit up to $150 for •7,000 for a $3,985 annual cost per enrollee. King-Anderson bill of the 87th Congress, and each individual over 65 who is covered by a the present Kennedy bill are the direct de- comprehensive medical care policy. The scendants of the Wagner-Murray-Dingell credit would be equal to the actual cost of measure. premiums up to $150. In the income group A Voluntary Medical Care Plan for the When it was discovered that Americans covered by the bill, those with incomes less were not ready to accept Government con- than $8,000 per year per couple, there are Elderly trol of all medicine, and compulsory health probably at least 2 million who could take insurance for everyone, the approach was advantage of this tax credit themselves. EXTENSION OF REMARKS modified in the Forand bill to include every- Among the other 12 million, many, and I _one who receives social security benefits. think the great majority, could obtain the OP- And when the American people refused to same protection if someone else would buy buy that package, it was further modified to the insurance for them. My bill offers them HON. WILLIAM H. HARSHA include only people over 65 who are covered an incentive to do so. A son for his parents, OF OHIO by social security. or perhaps an older man for his widowed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Each step of the way Mr. Forand and the sister-in-law, could get a tax credit up to other sponsors of the legislation assured their $150 if he provided the protection. Thursday, April 4, 1963 supporters that the retreat was temporary. And finally, this, I think, is most impor­ Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, one of They say that if we can get hospitalization tant for the future, the tax credit would be my colleagues, the gentleman from Ohio, for the aged under social security, we can get made available to any employer who pro­ FRANK Bow, has had the foresight to the next Congress to add doctor bills and vides the protection for retired employees. house calls, and the next Congress to add These are incentives that would work. present to this Congress a constructive widows and orphans, and so on, year by year, There will always be some who cannot program dealing with the problem of until we will cover everyone for every health take advantage O! these incentives. For providing adequate medical care for our need by a compulsory tax. That would be a them the bill provides that a. medical care elderly citizens. The Bow bill is a pro­ sad day for the American people, for as I insurance certificate with a value of $150 gressive approach to the problem, meet­ have often said, government medicine is not will be issued which may be used by the in­ ing it head pn and pi:ovides the care good medicine. dividual to enroll in an insurance plan. The certificate will be redeemed for cash required by the free enterprise approach ELDERLY NEED PROTECTION by the Treasury from the- insurance carrier ·without the stigma of socialized medi­ However, I find merit in the proposal to who provides the protection. cine. On April l, 1963, my distinguished provide a special program to help retired PROTECTION AFFORDED colleague presented his program to the men and women meet the cost of medical American Academy of General Practice care. I am convinced that this is a serious The entire plan would be administered problem and one that deserves the attention insofar as the Government is ,concerned by at Chicago, Ill. In this speech he ex­ of the Federal Government. It is a problem the Internal Revenue Service. That service plains the merits of his bill and I am becaUse people who retire must live on re- already handles the special exemptions for happy to include his speech in my duced income, sometimes greatly reduced. ·the aged. It handles millions of collections remarks: They often lose the group health insurance and refunds each year. It would be no great benefits that protected them during their administrative burden to add this program. A VOL'ONTAJl.Y MEDICAL CARE PROGRAM FOR THE years of active work or, if they can afford it, My bill establishes the minimum benefits El.DERLY they can continue the protection at higher which must be included in a medical care (Address of Representative FRANK T. Bow, individual rates. However, sadly enough, very insurance policy if the insured wishes to of Ohio, before the American Academy of many of our retirees cannot afford to pay take advantage of the Government incen­ General Practice, at Chlcago, Ill., April 1, the premiums necessary to obtain adequate tive or assistance. 1963) - protection. These Ininimum benefits were developed In his invitation to me. Dr. Rhoades sug­ Most of these people can get along insofar with the help of experts in the insurance gested that I might be considered the as the customary expenses of a modest or business. They inform me that either of .middle-of-the-road member of this panel. even frugal living are concerned. Their diffi- the two plans spelled out in the bill could Perhaps that is a fair description, because culty arises when they are confronted with be offered for •150, although this is close in almost every aspect of political philosophy an unusually large extra expense, such as that to the pure prelllium cost. And they assure I am certain l stand far to the right of Sec­ of a severe illness, and they simply cannot me that if Government assistance opens up retary Nestingen, and with respect to medical meet such additional expenses on retirement a market of 14 or 15 million people, the care for the elderly, I am certainly to the income. competition for that market will make cer- left of thos.e who want to stand pat on the As members of the medical profession, you tain even richer benefits than the bill pre­ present laws or programs in this field. know far better than I some of the hardships scribes. Approximately half of these people Insofar as the provisions of my own legis­ that older people encounter. already have some kind of health insurance, lation. are concerned, I am neither left nor The administration proposal as presently and they will be encouraged to provide bet­ right of them but far out in front for I advanced does not solve the problem. The ter protection for themselves. The remain­ propose to do more and do it better than Kerr-Mills law does not solve it, for these der will certainly take advantage of at least either of them. people are not medical indigents. They be- the minimum $150 package. As I said to some of you in Detroit a few come so only after severe illness wipes out There are two plans, one a ''first dollar" weeks ago, you are entitled to an explana­ their resources. coverage which includes up to 90 days hos- tion of why FRANK Bow, a conservative mem­ It seemed to me that someone must develop pitalization, ancillary charges up to $120, ~er of the House Appropriations Conunittee, a better plan than King-Anderson or Kerr- physicians services, convalescent home care is here at all, for it is most unusual to find Mills, and that it shoUld be a plan embody- and surgical charges on the basis of a $300 such a man. sponsoring something drastically 1ng these fundamentals: fee schedule. new in the field of social legislation. 1. It should be voluntary. The second plan is a co-insurance plan 2. It should provide generous coverage to with a deductible feature, which makes it GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF HEALTH CARE , take care of major medical expenses, to the possible. to offer more comprehensive Let me say, first, that I have been con­ maximum possible extent. benefits. cerned by efforts to federalize--or nationalize 3. It should avoid establishing a new Fed- - Either plan offers the elderly person far or socialize, you can choose your own term­ eral bureaucracy. more protection and assistance than is pro- the heal~h care of this Nation for many 4. It should · avoid Federal control or in- posed by the administration bill. years. My interest was stimulated 16 years terference in health care. The burden of the plan, on the Federal ago when I became the counsel of the Har­ 5. It should cover everyone who cannot af- Government, · would appear as a reduction ness Committee, a congressional committee ford to take ca-re of himself. in income rather than an added cost. And 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5841 it would not be as expensive as my critics As you may know, i~ is supposed to be must win support of all people who believe, claim. If one multiplies $150 by some 14.5 financed by an increase of one-half percent as I do, that big government is always the million people the cost appears to exceed in the social se~mrity tax and an increase in enemy of freedom and must be closely con­ $2 bUlion. We must remember, however, ~he b'ase to $5,200. This ~s expected to yield trolled by a people who wish to preserve their that the protection provided would relieve $1.3 billion per year. Social security esti­ liberties. Federal, State, and local governments of a mates that the King-Anderson bill will cost If you agree with that philosophy, you will great part of their current spending for only $1.06 billion per year, but these figures join me in rejecting absolutely every sugges­ medical care of the aged, and to a large ex­ are open to serious challenge. Experts in tion for a Government program that is not tent it would eliminate the deductions for the health insurance industry who have clearly requh·ed in the public interest. And medical care that are now taken by elderly experience in- this field estimate the first­ this carries with it the obligation to propose taxpayers. These considerations bring the year cost at $2.2 billion. comprehensive and constructive solutions, in actual loss of revenue down to approxi­ At best, social security financing is in pre­ accord with our ideas about liberty, whenever mately $1.25 billion. This is far more favor­ carious balance. If the health insurance new problems clearly require Government in­ able than the unrealistic and far underpriced experts are even half right, the proposed tax tervention. It is easy to say "No" to every­ estimates of the cost of the President's increase will fall far short of paying the thing but it ls not always right. program. b111. I am inclined to place my faith in the I hope that I have contributed something, POLITICAL FACTS OF 1963 experts in this matter. from the practical political viewpoint, to your I regret that there are many people in this And what does that mean to the present thoughts about the medicare issue. I will country, including many of my friends, who system of social security benefits? Admit­ welcome your comments and suggestions are willing to go along with me on tax in­ tedly, the present payments are woefully concerning my proposal, for I know that you centives, but who draw the line when I inadequate and they become less adequate who are so close to the problem will have a propose taking care of those less fortunate as this administration continues its infla­ great deal to offer those of us who are dealing who cannot take advantage of the tax in­ tionary course. The average retired woman v. ith the issue in the Congress. centives for themselves, because they have worker receives $62.40 in benefits, the aver­ no income to be taxed, and who have no erage aged widow $65.40, and the average relatives or former employers able or will­ retired couple $127.10. Social security was ing to provide the insurance and take the supposed to supplement other retirement Congress Should Restore Allotments for credit. For some this appears to be too funds, but in fact it has encouraged many radical, and they tell me that these people to put off the thought of acquiring such Servicemen's Families can be cared for under the Kerr-Mills Act, funds. or the excellent welfare programs of some Also, we must remember that the people EXTENSION OF REMARKS States, or by the charity of individual of whom we are talking reached maturity physicians. about the time of the First World War, came OF I can tell you this today just as surely n.s home from war to encounter a bad recession, I can tell you that I enjoy sharing this fine weathered a 10-year depression at about the HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE meeting with you. We are going to do some­ time when they should have been in their OF CONNEcrICUT thing to take care of the health problems of years of highest earning power. It has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES persons of small income over 65 on a private, very difficult for the people of that genera­ voluntary, free enterprise system such as I tion to lay aside a great deal for retirement. Thursday, April 4, 1963 have proposed, or we are going to have forced PRESENT PROGRAMS INADEQUATE Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, I am upon us a Federal compulsory health system today introducing a bill to amend the with Federal control and direction of hos­ If we are going to increase social security pitals, doctors, nurses, and everything else taxes, we should do something about the Career Compensation Act of 1949 with connected with hospital care. The provi­ present rockbottom benefits. We should do respect to the payment of quarters allow­ sions of King-Anderson made this self-evi- something about the widow who at age 55, ances to enlisted members in the Armed dent. · having never worked a day, finds hersel:f' Forces. My friends who wish to stand pat on Kerr­ left on her own without benefits until she My bill seeks to correct a grave injus­ Mills, those who each day must check nerv­ reaches 62. We should do something about the high school student whose orphan bene­ tice that has been done to dependents and ously the attitudes of members of the House the immediate families of servicemen. Ways and Means Committee or Senate Fi­ ftt.s run out at his 18th birthday, while he nance, those who rely on one or two men in has perhaps a year of high school remaining, The injustice, to be sure, was not com­ one or the other of these committees to hold and who may be forced to drop out and go mitted intentionally, but it exists never­ off socialized medicine, they are going to lose to work. We should continue those benefits theless and many of these dependents are this battle unless they adopt some construc­ until he graduates from high school. What now suffering the consequences. tive alternative, something better. about the man who is 10 years older than On July 10, 1962, Public Law 87-531 And it must be done soon. his wife, who retires at 65 when she is 55, The Bow bill is not a perfect vehicle, but and they must struggle along on his meager was enacted by Congress to amend cer­ it is a vehicle around which can be built a benefit until the wife's benefit becomes avail­ tain sections of the Career Compensation satisfactory blll, a program that will serve able. There is plenty of room for improve­ Act of 1949 and the Dependents Assist­ its purpose, and one that will take the entire ment in the present social security system ance Act of 1950. These changes went issue out of the political arena once and for if social security taxes can be raised, and I into effect on January 1, 1963. The all. think it is dangerous indeed to ignore these major change is that under the new law INADEQUACY OF PRESIDENT'S PLAN needs and jeopardize the entire program by noncommissioned officers in all branches How different would be the case if Congress adding this hospitalization experiment to the of our Armed Forces, having 4 years of were to enact the President's proposal. load. service or more, are no longer required As you know, he has modified it somewhat. For there is a limit to what people will He proposes to give an option on the kind pay. Social security taxation is a levy to have a class Q allotment in effect for and extent of hospital coverage an oldster against gross income. There are no deduc­ their dependents. In other words, the can get. This ls in answer to our criticism tions. It falls most heavily on the person law gives the serviceman full authority of the $90 deductible feature. The bill last whose income is least, on· young people rais­ for the disposition of his pay. If he so year presumed that an indigent person who ing families, working people everywhere. desires, he may arrange for continued needed hospitalization could pay the first Present law will increase it to 9%, percent direct payment to his dependents; if he $90, and that is not true. Also, he is covering _of the first $4,800 of gross income by 1966. chooses not to do so, he need not make out of general revenue those old people Senator RmxcoFF, when he was Secretary of who are not members of the social security Health, Education, and Welfare, predicted such arrangements. or railroad retirement system, a concession that people would not be willing to pay more Since December 31, 1962, all class Q to another point of criticism of his 1961 pro­ than 10 percent. Increase the base to $5,200 allotments have been terminated, except posal. and the tax to support medicine, and we may for certain enlisted members in the lower The bill is admittedly inadequate. If it have reached the limit on our social security grades. The result is that many of the were enacted steps would be taken in the program. men in service failed to make the neces­ next Congress, as Mr. Forand has promised, Perhaps I have been dwelling too much on sary arrangements for their dependents to broaden the benefits and then to broaden why I believe it is important to reject the the age group covered and these enlarge­ social security approach. to receive the allotments they have been ments of the plan would be accepted and getting in the past. In recent weeks, I we would be on the way to complete Federal FREE ENTERPRISE SOLUTION have received several complaints from control of health care from the cradle to the Let me close on a positive note. The cost the wives of servicemen who have young grave. That is the alternative to something of medical care is a problem of our old peo­ children and are dependent on these like the Bow bill. ple. It can be solved without unnecessary Federal interference by using tax incentives allotments for their subsistence. SOCIAL SECURITY FINANCING and assistance and the facilities of the free What can such families do? In an I would like to 'speak for a moment about enterprise health insurance carriers of the information sheet prepared by one of the financing the administration's proposal. Nation. I believe this is the proposal that military services, we are told that the 5842 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 4· dependent may contact the serviceman's With every day's delay the problem will Jews, who were all subject to forced la- · unit commander. If the serviceman, grow bigger and more difficult. The old bor and whose assets above a certain having been counseled, refuses to furnish system of mandatory allotments should amount expropriated. Gradually other direct support or initiate a class E allot­ be restored at once before disruption sets restrictions followed which curtailed ment, "he renders himself subject to dis­ in with many families and tragedies en­ their religious, economic, and personal ciplinary action, including reduction to a sue. freedom-freedoms which should be the grade in which a class Q allotment is It is the pw·pose of my bill to restore inherent right of every human being. mandatory and may be initiated without the system of mandatory allotments for Jews were separated from their Aryan his consent." dependents of military personnel as it neighbors, being for bidden to buy or sell This creates a difficult administrative existed prior to January 1, 1963. Con­ bread with them or doctor them. Every problem for the military services and gress has made a mistake and should rec­ Jew above the age of 12 was compelled much unnecessary work. But the worst ognize it as such and correct it. I ap­ to identify himself with a Star of David part of it is that the services can only try peal to all my colleagues to request this on his clothing. Violators of these regu­ to impress the servicemen with the need correction before they are deluged with lations were killed. for providing assistance to their families, letters from families telling of their This policy of separation entered a they can take certain disciplinary action hardships. I appeal to the House Armed new phase as the Nazi masters sought to against men who refuse to do so, but they Services Committee, to whom my bill has effect their plan for mass annihilation of cannot force them to provide support. been referred, to consider this bill in the the despised Jews. On November 15, This is something that only a civil court nature of emergency legislation and to 1940, nearly half a million Jews in War­ can do. act on it at once. saw were squeezed into a ghetto whose In some communities, I understand, area of only 100 square city blocks was such families are turning for help to then sealed with brick walls 10 feet high local welfare organizations and the Red and barbed wire fences. The Nazi mas­ Cross. Women with small children are The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943- terminds sought to slowly starve their becoming desperate in their efforts to defenseless victims. Death and de­ make ends meet, after having been de­ Their Struggle for Freedom Shall In­ moralization within the compound soon prived of support. Some of these people spire Mankind for Centuries T ~ Come proved the effectiveness of their plan. have told me of their plight in person, With only a minority of the inmates em­ others have written to me. I should like EXTENSION OF REMARKS ployed, ration cards and thus food be­ to quote from a letter of a woman in my OF came exceedingly scarce, although those district, who writes: receiving provisions gave to their less Previous to January l, I was receiving HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI fortunate neighbors. Besides starva­ $137.10 regularly on the 5th day of each OF ILLINOIS tion, overcrowding and the lack of sani­ month. I had been receiving a regular allot­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tation facilities encouraged the spread ment check for the past 9 years. Since the Thursday, April 4, 1963 of epidemics. Bodies were dumped into new ruling on allotments for dependents of the streets to be carted away to a com­ servicemen, which was recently passed, my Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the mon grave. But the spirit of the op­ checks have been discontinued. civilized world has never ceased to mar­ I received an American Express check on pressed Jews was not completely broken. February 5 in the amount of $100, and at vel at the undaunted courage of poorly A government sponsored by the Germans that time I wrote to my husband's com­ equipped patriots who have risen in the existed among them and· social services manding omcer requesting him to make ar­ face of impossible odds to confront cal­ such as schools, libraries, and even . a rangements tor a definite and regular pay­ lous oppressors. The Hungarian free­ symphony orchestra were kept alive. ment. I have not received anything since dom fighters of 1956 and the Tibetan This method of separation and starva­ February 5. I understand it is entirely up to insurgents of 1959 are cases in point. my husband to determine how much I am tion proved too slow for the Nazi killers. But with these recent episodes of heroism In the summer of 1942 they turned to to receive and that it is his responsibility to freshly imprinted on our minds, let us see that it is sent to me. more extreme ways of exterminating the This seems unfair to me because, after all, not forget one of the most heart-rending inferior race. On July 22, the Germans I do have a small son (age 10) to support, a tragedies in this century; namely, the ordered the Jewish Council to provide home to operate, and b1lls to pay. I must uprising of the 40,000 Jews in the War­ 5,000 Jews daily for deportation to labor have a definite amount to plan on in order saw ghetto who exactly 20 years ago this camps in the east. Actually these Jews to meet my obligations. I know of several month defiantly chose to confront almost were to be sent to the extermination other servicemen's wives who are faced with singlehandedly the mighty German war ovens of Treblinka and Auschwitz. Most the same problem. If our husbands do not machine. They announced to a startled Jews were skeptical, but some 40,000 were choose to send us money, we have to worry world that they would not die meekly as about how we are to pay our bills. so demoralized that they lined up to hundreds of thousands of their brethren receive the promised 7 pounds of bread If this situation becomes widespread, had, sacrificial victims on the altar of and 2 pounds of marmalade with and I fear that it may, it can create great Nazi superracism. Instead, they elected which the Germans had baited them. havoc in many families and lead to to die as martyrs, fighting the hated Of the dubious majority, those who did tragedies where the greatest victims will enemy, gun in hand, knowing full well not succeed in escaping the trap were be the young children. This was not the there was little hope their uprising would mercilessly beaten and dragged to the intention of Congress when the law was succeed or that they themselves would waiting railway cars if they resisted. enacted last year. Congress was simply live through the conflagration. The daily quota of Jews was raised first trying to raise the quarters allowance It is doubtful whether even a year pre­ to 7 ,000 and then 10,000 per day. In for certain members of the Armed Forces vious to the uprising these stalwart de­ October the Germans announced that and noncom.missioned officers were given f enders of human dignity realized the henceforth only 40,000 ration books and the freedom to provide voluntarily for fate that would be forced upon them. jobs would be available instead of their dependents without, arbitrary ac­ They were fully acquainted with Nazi 120,000. The unlucky two-thirds were tion on the part of the Government. anti-Semitism, but they, like most of the to join their brethren on the nightmar­ Congress meant well, but human nature world, could not believe that any human ish journey to the. dread concentration being what it is, it did not work out so being could stoop to the barbarity and camps. By the end of that month, only well for the families of these men. For butchery which soon became synony­ about one-tenth of the original number reasons of their own, many of the men mous with Nazi actions. or 50,000 Jews remained in the ghetto. have terminated their assista::ice with But the Nazi noose had been slowly The other 450,000 had either died of the result that their families, their wives suffocating the hapless remainder of the starvation or disease or been shipped to and children, are now suffering great more than 3 million Jews of prewar Po­ the east. Before the end of the year hardship. land, whose ranks had been swelled by the area of the ghetto was greatly re­ In view of the fact that Congress, di­ the addition of their coreligionists up­ duced, being split into two separate rectly or indirectly, was instrumental in rooted from their homes in Western Eu~ ghettos. bringing this situation about, I believe rope. Immediately after the defeat of One might ask why it was that the that immediate steps should be taken Poland in -the fall of 1939, the Germans Jews in the face of these Nazi provoca­ by Congress to rectify the situation. had promulgated special laws for the tions did not revolt until 1943 when 1969 ·· CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - HOUSE 5843 numerically they were much . weaker. n:i.essag~s. · and · the w;eak were -guarding As to the survivors of this worst of all Let us remember that before. these req­ and, distributing food. · Nazi atrocities, the Germans gave no uisitions~ the horrors and the grisly The battle raged 12 hours. Deadly quarter. The sick in Jewish hospitals intent of the concentration camps were fire met and repulsed· the German, were shot in their beds. Except for the not fully known. Ukrainian, Polish, and Lithuanian Po­ few that managed to escape and join the . No effective machinery for resistance lice who had come to escort the Jews to partisan forces, the remainder were or arms existed. It was only when hope their place of labor. The Germans re­ shipped to the dreaded death camps. died, when the remaining Jews no longer tired, although some outlying buildings The city itself suffered greater destruc­ feared Nazi retaliation for their acts had fallen into their hands. Each side tion than in 1939 when the Germans con­ against all, especially the weak and the made preparations for the next round of quered Poland. In the ghetto itself, only old, that they armed to resist. Then fighting. Daring Jewish commandoes, eight buildings remained standing-and they knew that no matter what course dressed in captured German army uni­ these were not intact. But the price was . was followed, all were doomed. Retali­ forms, fell on Nazi arsenals to carry not small. For the thousands of Jewish atiOn meant nothing. By that time gen­ away badly needed ammunition. Later, martyrs dead, the Germans had lost hun­ erally the younger and physically more again dressed in the stolen uniforms, dreds dead and a thousand wounded be­ able were left to organize and arm a re­ they liberated the Polish, Jewish, and sides countless war material. sistance movement. German prisoners from the Paiwak jail But more important, the true nature The necessary machinery came into who then joined their benefactors to of Nazi savagery was starkly revealed to being with the formation of the Jewish face the Nazi fire. Polish Socialists­ the world by this handful of doomed Fighter Organization-ZOB-which ul­ non-Jews-cre:Pt into the ghetto to fight Jews who knew that they would lose. timately encompassed all Jewish orga­ side by side with their Jewish com­ Under Nazi oppression, the Jews had nizations from the Zionists to the So­ patriots. turned the other cheek more than 70 cialists. They were soon strong enough Larger German forces now attacked times 7 times. But when their only to assassinate some hated German of­ the ghetto as Nazi planes swooped down choice was that between which kind of ficials which raised morale in the ghetto. to seek out the bunkers of the well en­ death, the Jews of the Warsaw ghetto But they were not yet strong enough to trenched defenders. Tanks rumbled did not hesitate. They scorned the openly defy the Nazi master. forward, many to be blown up by Jewish passive death of the gas chambers or This stand could only be possible if suicide squads, clothed in the captured ovens of the Nazi concentration camps arms could be obtained. The Polish re­ German uniforms, who crawled under which were the reward for those Jews sistance movements contributed ·some them with hand grenades blowing them­ who managed to .survive the inhuman guns and ammunition and other weap­ selves up along with the hated war train ride there, packed in railway cars ons were bought, but in the face of Ger­ machines. The Germans began to real­ for days. This method of destruction man military might, they were still ize that the determined defenders could was the one chosen for them by a victor greatly underarmed. But their spirit only be snuffed out with more system­ who, in typical Nazi fashion, showed a of choosing death embattled against atic, coldblooded methods. A new bat­ sadistic contempt for human values. their German oppressors rather than a tle would have to be fought for every Instead, these heroic Jews of Warsaw quiet end in a gas chamber compensated block and bunker. elected the death of martyrs, upholding for much of their material weakness. Since they cared little for saving the not only their own pride and dignity, but Their oppartunity to strike back came beleaguered survivors or the rows of that of the whole human race. on January 18, 1943,. when the Nazis, houses, the Germans embarked on a pol­ Mr. Speaker, the heroic struggle of after waiting 4 months, . resumed their icy of leveling the ghetto. Artillery was these Jewish martyrs during the War­ campaign of departation against the re- · mounted outside the ghetto and heavy saw gettto uprising shall serve as a maining 40,000 Jews. To their surprise, machineguns were installed on roofs of monument to the courage of the Jewish they . were met with pistols, hand gre­ buildings near the Jewish quarter. Their people for centuries to come. As, we pay nades, and homemade gasoline bombs. bombardment- was complemented by tribute this month to their tremendous In 3 days they quelled, but did not sub­ flamethrowers arid incendiary bombs sacrifice in the cause of human dignity, due the disturbance. The flame of. re­ and hand grenades. The ghetto was a let us resolve that the free world shall sistance still burned brightly. sea of flames. Victims fleeing the burn­ never again permit such genocide against Each side knew that the final en­ ing buildings were cut down. Blocks of any people because of their . race, re­ counter was yet to come. The Jews used houses were mined and blown up so that ligion, or ethnic background. If this can this period of quiet to further arm and tbey could not become refuges for Jew­ be done, then their tragic death was not ish snipers. All persons found within in vain but instead shall serve forever organize themselves. Underground shel­ shelters were massacred, sometimes with ters, or bunkers, arms factories, and in­ as a beacon, reminding mankind o:f its poison gas. During the day, the Ger­ respansibility toward its fellow man. tercommunication lines. were perfected. mans invaded the ghetto, but at night, Defensive operations were subdivided when the Jews often executed sorties and authority meted out by the central against them, they left. ZOB command. Another clash in March A Plan Needed for Liberation of Cuba convinced the Germans that a new plan With ammunition running low, the was needed. In the middle of April a Jews were forced to retreat turning from new German commander, Gen. Juergen organized military maneuvers to guer­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Stroop, arrived with orders to liquidate rilla tactics. From the rubble of their OF the ghetto. The Jews were ready to face buildings, they shot at the approaching HON. BRUCE ALGER him. Germans and emerged to lead forays against the enemy. On May 8, after a 2- OF TEXAS The clash came on April 19. The Ger­ hour battle, the Germans blew up the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mans, angry that only 200 Jews re­ main operational bunker of the ZOB. _ sponded to their order for workers for All 200 defenders, including the main Thursday, April 4, 1963 the Trawniki concentration camp, de­ leaders, either died in the blast or were Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the dete­ termined to strike on, ironically, the day killed or committed suicide. A week later rioration of our relations with the Cuban before the Passover. The reading of the on May 16, the Germans dynamited the exiles and the apparent inability to cope Sedar gave the defiant defenders cour­ great Jewish synagogue. The Nazi Gen­ with the Cuban situation stems from the age to repulse this new oppressor, just eral Stroop could 1·eport to his superiors apparent lack of any concrete plan by as they had stood up to Pharoah thou­ in Berlin that there was no longer a Je.w­ President Kennedy. In his usual manner ~ sands of years before. The blue and ish quarter in Warsaw·. However, this of dealing with problems he confounqs . white flag of David was rung up along­ statement was not entirely ·correct. Af.;. everyone by a series of oonfiicting state:•- . side of the flag of Poland as the Jews though by the end of May only a flicker ments emanating from the White House prepared to defend every tenement and of resistance remained among the few · and through his brother, the Attorney every alley with their last drop of blood. remaining Jews who eked out a shadowy : General. Every Jew had an assignment. The· existence amongst the rubble, the ·1ast Since the Bay of Pigs disaster we have ablebodied were at their battle stations, guerrillas were not· wiped out until the been told by the President, by his spokes­ whil~ the ·children were ·ready to run end of September. · men, and by the Attorney General that . 5844 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-- HOUSE .April 4 we did promise air cover for the invasion, to fall, country by country. Or, in Mr. a massive propaganda effort to encour- . that we did not promise air cover, that Nixon's words, Khrushchev didn't spend a age the Cubans, within and without that billion dollars me:re1y . for the purpQJ:1e Of we would support the freedom fighters acquiring Cuba; he has far bigger game in country, to throw ·off ·their dictators. _­ in their struggle to liberate their home­ mind. Support internal uprisings of the Cuban land, that we would arrest any of them Nor do all those who' are disturbed _by people and let them know that we will that tried it. administration policy take refuge ih the. "do not fail them if they do accept our In a brave and heroic speech to the something" generality. Mrs. Phillips is promise to support their efforts to win world a few days before the election last forthright enough; she says only force of freedom. We should institute an-effec­ fall, the President demanded the removal arms will get communism out of Cuba. tive blockade. From all available in­ from Cuba of Russian missiles and Many disagree, but it is a possibility that formation it 1s apparent that if we were troops. The quarantine he called for cannot be ruled out for all time. to cut off only the oil supplied to Cuba Meantime Mr. KEATING, among others, ad­ turned out to be no quarantine nor vocates a number of further economic, dip­ from Russia, the Castro government blockade indeed. We never halted any lomatic and m111tary moves short of invasion. would be in immediate danger of cQl­ ships and even allowed the first Russian Certainly it does seem that, after facing up lapse. vessel to proceed even though its cargo to Khrushchev last fall, it ought to be possi­ Yes, Mr. Speaker, Cuba can be freed was oil, the most vital commodity neces­ ble to demand the withdrawal of troops and and- the Russian menace to the United sary to the Castro economy. No on-site weapons. It is hard to believe that it was States and this hemisphere can be elimi­ inspections were ever made to assure th.at necessary to lose October's initiative and nated if the President will quit the dou­ move to the extreme of protecting Khru­ the missiles had actually been removed. shchev's men from attacks by Cuban exiles. bletalk and replace his high-sounding Months later we are still trying to get the Mr. Nixon may, perhaps, be charged with words with deeds and action. We can Russian troops out of CUba by appealing vagueness when he says the United States again take the initiative in winning the to Khrushchev to honor his pledges and must make "a command decision to do what­ war in which Communist Russia is en­ accepting his word that they are being ever is necessary to force the removal of the gaging us if the President will face the removed in spite of the fact that he has Soviet beachhead." But his real point is issue with courage and will trust the never been known to honor his word or that without such a decision, the problem American people with the facts. He can any agreement. can only get worse for us. electrify all those who believe in free­ At this point I would like to include Will the risks of action, he asks, "be less dom and can reinspire the Cuban people in 6 months, 1 year, 2 years? If we allow an editorial from the Wall Street Jour­ Cuba to remain an example for Communist to renew their fight for liberty if he will nal pointing out the risks of the Kennedy takeovers in other Latin American countries, immediately impose the Monroe Doc­ inaction, and that the President must the risks are certain to grow." trine and in no uncertain terms notify formulate and execute a plan of action The issue is not, it seems to us, whether Khrushchev that all Russian troops and to reimpose the Monroe Doctrine: we should dispatch the Marines this minute. all Russian equipment and all Russian THE RISKS OF INACTION The deeply disquieting thing is the seeming subversion must be removed from this President Kennedy is perfectly correct absence of any real plan. Or if there has area without further delay. been any decision, for all the American peo­ The people are ready to back you up, when he observes that it's pointless for peo­ ple can tell, it is to accept an intolerable ple to just say we've got to "do something" coexistence with Soviet conquest in our Mr. President. Are you ready to lead the about Cuba. And he is equally right in hemisphere. Nation? noting that a. good deal has been done since Of course the distasteful truth is that October in terms of restricting trade and Mr. Speaker, I think it is important no action that President Kennedy ini­ maintaining surveillance of the Communist to emphasize the points made in this island. tiates will be successful, if the President But these are not the issues which bother editorial: First, the administration 1s does not understand the need and rea­ so many people. The causes of concern are not telling all it safely could about Cuba. sons for it. The President disregards the an uneasy feeling that the administration is Second, it is not Castro, it is Khru­ dangers of Khrushchev controlling Cuba, not telllng all it safely could a.bout Cuba., the shchev. Khrushchev's position is firmer the military buildup, the base for sub­ unhappy spectacle of the U.S. Government today in Cuba than it was a year ago. version of other nations, the submarines bitterly :fighting with the Cuban foes of Third, there has been no significant de­ bases, and the continuing violation of the Castro and, above all, the continued presence crease in Russian troops in Cuba. The of Soviet troops with no apparent American Monroe Doctrine and the sound reasons plan for getting rid of them once and for a.11. Russian troops are being rotated, not underlying this doctrine. As former Vice President Nixon put it the taken out. Fourth, there is substantial To be successful what is needed is a other day, whether there a.re 12,000 or 17,000 evidence that missiles remain in Cuba sound, consistent, firmly stated world­ Soviet troops in Cuba., Khrushchev's position and a good submarine base and sub­ wide foreign policy of toughness and "is firmer today than a. year a.go." Sena.tor marine pens are in existence. Fifth, self-interest, then a consistent hemi­ KEATING also says the precise number is there is increasing evidence that other spheric policy and then consistent ac­ somewhat beside the point; one Red soldier Latin American countries are in danger is too many. What matters is not Castro, tions directed to freeing Cuba. Isolated who by himself would be just another pip­ of being subverted by Khrushchev­ single shot actions like the quarantine squeak dicta.tor. Rather, the threat to all Castro directed Communists. Sixth, are worse than any action without a con­ the Americas is Khrushchev in Cuba. and, in my opinion, most important, the tinuing, consistent, tough understand­ The New York Senator does, however, in­ seeming absence of any real plan by the able policy. sist there has been practically no net reduc­ Kennedy administration for freeing The Kennedy policy of indecision, tion in the number since November, because Cuba and getting the Russian aggressors vacillation, inconsistency, appeasement, the troops that have left have been replaced. out of this hemisphere. Government officials retort in effect that it's and accommodation is no basis on which easy to make such charges without docu­ The President, in his news conference to launch any new Cuban action. mentation, and especially easy for political today, complained that his critics have The President's inability to see a clear critics of the administration. not come up with any concrete plan. A course of action does not mean that such Unfortunately for that answer, the charges look at the RECORD any day of the week actions are not possible or are not seen are coming from nonpolitical sources as will disclose that many of us have been by others. well. For a notable example, from the New advocating a number of measures, short York Times' Ruby Hart Phillips, who spent of military action, which can and must 25 yea.rs in Cuba before being expelled by be taken. I would suggest as a starter Castro in 1961 and who still remains in close Silver touch as head of the Times' Miami bureau. that the United States recognize a Cuban According to Mrs. Phlllips' information, Government-in-exile. Contrary to the EXTENSION OF REMARKS the Russian troops are being rotated, not President's disavowal of the importance OF taken out. Moreover, she declared. fiatly in of exile governments in today's press a speech the other day that the missiles still conference, we have only to point to the HON. COMPTON I. WHITE remain in Cuba. "And I have not a doubt important role such governments played OF IDAHO that they have a good submarine base and in rallying underground forces in oc­ extensive submarine pens." cupied countries in World Warn to re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Such assertions, whether right or wrong, Thursday, April 4, 1963 deserve more than an official brush-off. They mind him that once again he is wrong could hardly be more serious; in Mrs. Phillips' or does not understand history. Mr. WmTE. Mr. Speaker, under view, unless Cuba is taken out of the Com­ Another phase of a positive program leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ munist camp, all of Latin America is going which we could enact now is to supPort ORD, I include the following editorial of 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5845 the Washington Post regarding the pro­ Si,ver production now has . but a 12 to 1 March 30, Jackson, Hinds County: posed repeal of the Silver Plirchase Act ratio wi~h gol(f.. The ·mon,etary price of sil­ Club-swinging police and 2 police dogs and a letter I sent. regarding the ver at $1.29 per ounce represents an approxi­ mate ratio to gold of 27 to 1. Rather than chased more than 100 Negroes from a editorial: irretrievably retire silver certificates, a more courthouse where 9 Negro students were [From the Washington Post, Mar. 21, 1963] sensible approach would be to place the convicted for staging a sit-in demonstra­ THE Sn.VER DoLLAR monetary value of silver in a more realistic tion. Several were struck by the clubs We have come a long way since William relation to gold. I have suggested to the and at least one person was bitten by Jennings Bryan used to orate about the Banking and Currency Committee that a the dogs. "cross of gold" and demand the acceptance monetary value of $1.38 for silver would be May 7, Jackson, Hinds County: Sev­ of silver as basic to our monetary system a sound move at this time. This would eral white youths, riding in an open con­ on a ratio of 16-to-1 with gold. Now Secre­ involve no mechanical problems at all, since vertible, lassoed 9-year-old Negro Gloria tary of the Treasury Dillon has made a rec­ the monetary price of the silver in our coins Laverne Floyd with a wire and dragged ommendation that, if approved by Con­ is $1.38. gress, will diminish the importance of silver To replace $2 billion in silver certificates her along the street. The girl suffered a by switching from silver certificates to Fed­ with Federal Reserve notes would cost the deep gash in her head that required eral reserve notes thus freeing 1.3 billion American taxpayer more than $50 million three stitches, cheek bruises, a lacera­ ounces of silver required by law to maintain per year, since 75 percent of the backing for tion of her right shoulder, and burn $1 silver certificates in circulation. The Federal Reserve notes is in the form of col­ marks on her neck. Police made arrests. recommendation is eminently sensible. ~. lateral, upon which the United States pays August 15, Amite County: Robert Dillon points out that the Government's interest. It costs t~e taxpayer nothing to Moses, Student Nonviolent Coordinating supply of silver for coinage will run out in keep silver certificates in circulation; rather Committee-SNCC-registration worker, 1965 unless it can free for use by the Gov­ the Treasury has realized an economic ernment's mints some of the 1.3 billion profit on thElm every year since the enact­ and three Negroes who had tried unsuc­ ounces now lying useless in vaults. When ment of the Silver Purchase Act. cessfully to register in Liberty, were driv­ the Government's supply runs out, it may The history of silver legislation is clouded ing toward McComb when a county offi­ have to buy silver in foreign markets, for with too much emotion. I believe it is time cer stopped 'them. He asked if Moses the domestic production of silver is not suf­ that the Congress approach the problem ra­ was the man "who's been trying to reg­ ficient to meet all demands. tionally and that is why I would like to see ister our niggers." All were taken to Some of the silver producing States have the Post apply its policy of thoroughness court and Moses was arrested for "im­ long maintained a sentimental interest in and objectivity to this legislation. peding an officer in the discharge of his silver dollars, along with a powerful bloc Sincerely, in Congress that prevented any moderniza­ COMPTON I. WHITE, Jr., duties," fined $50 and spent 2 days in tion of our silver laws. The silver dollar is Member of Congress. jail. about as obsolete as the arguments of the August 22, Amite County: Robert silver bloc, and sentiment is strong for a Moses went to Liberty with three Ne­ revision of our laws concerned with silver groes, who made an unsuccessful at­ in its relation to the monetary system. If Action Now tempt to register. A block from the something is not done, Mr. Dillon suggested courthouse, Moses was attacked and even graver threats to silver coinage ahead. If the Government has to diminish its gold EXTENSION OF REMARKS beaten by Billy Jack Caston, the sher­ reserve still further by purchasing silver OF iff's first cousin. Eight stitches were re­ abroad, we may be faced with a common quired to close a wound in Moses' head. European expedient of using other cheaper HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX Caston was acquitted of assault charges metals. The silver bloc would hate the OF PENNSYLVANIA by an all-white jury before a justice of thin jingle of aluminum dimes and quar­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the peace. ters. To forestall that hazard, let the silver August 26, McComb, Pike County: laws be revised. Thursday, April 4, 1963 Hollis Watkins, 20, and Elmer Hayes, 20, MARCH 21, 1963. Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, the time is SNCC workers, were arrested while stag­ EDITOR, THE WASHINGTON POST, now for immediate and drastic executive ing a sit-in at the F. W. Woolworth store 1515 L Street NW., action, for accelerated legal procedures and charged with breach of the peace. Washington, D.C. by the Attorney General, for positive They spent 36 days in jail. DEAK Sm: It was a great pleasure for me congressional action to strengthen and August 27 and 29, McComb, Pike to return to Washington and have the bene­ extend the law by giving to the Attorney County: Five Negro students from a local fit of the generally fine editorial policy of General the legal authority to protect high school were convicted of breach of the Post. However, the traditional aspira­ the peace following a sit-in at a variety tions for spring's first day turned to ashes the rights of the Negroes of Mississippi, this morning upon reading the editorial en­ as well as the rights of minorities every­ store and bus terminal. They were sen­ titled, "The Silver Dollar." where in the United States, to the limit. tenced to a $400 fine each and 8 months I am sure that if more research had been Mr. Speaker, I take this opportunity in jail. One of these students, a girl of spent on the proposed demonetization of to solicit the aid of every Member of the 15, was turned over to juvenile authori­ silver, more than half the truth would have Congress of the United States to join me ties, released, subsequently rearrested, appeared in the editorial. Even a few min­ now in protesting and denouncing the and sentenced to 12 months in a State utes of reflection would have cleared up the illegal actions on the part of the author­ school for delinquents. confusion of silver dollars with silver cer­ August 29, McComb, Pike County: Two tificates. Perhaps some study of the silver ities of Mississippi and elsewhere insofar situation would have given the author of as the actions of those authorities in Negro leaders were arrested in McComb this unfortunate editorial some arguments, anyway hamper the constitutional rights as an aftermath of the sit-in protest other than the ad hominen references to of Negro citizens. march on city hall, charged with con_. William Jennings Bryan and the bogeyman tributing to the delinquency of minors. silver bloc, for the Treasury bill to replace I call the attention of my colleagues They were Curtis C. Bryant, of McComb, silver certificates with Federal Reserve notes. to a long series of outrages suffered by an official of the NAACP, and Cordelie At the risk of being labeled the sole sur­ Negroes of Mississippi and I emphatical­ Reagan, of SNCC. Each arrest was made viving representative of the powerful silver ly state that these crimes cry out for on an affidavit signed by Police Chief bloc in Congress, I would like to briefly point positive and courageous action, not to­ George Guy, who said he had informa­ out some of the rational arguments against the Treasury Department's proposal in H.R. morrow, but now. tion that the two "were behind some of 4413. Silver has traditionally been, in this CHRONOLOGY OF VIOLENCE AND INTIMIDATION this racial trouble." country, and in almost every other civilized IN MISSISSIPPI SINCE 1961 August 30, McComb, Pike County: nation, a monetary metal. The present drive 1961 SNCC Workers Brenda Travis, 16, Rob­ to substitute currency that has 100 percent ert Talbert, 19, and Isaac Lewis, 20, silver backing with notes which will have January l, Greenville, Washington staged a sit-in in the McComb terminal but 25 percent gold backing is aimed at County: Two 'young white men rode a of the Greyhound buslines. They were complete demonetization of gold as well as motorbike through a residential area arrested on charges of breach of the silver. The recent spectacular rise in the and, according to the local police chief, price of silver has given a lever to the pro­ peace and failure to obey a policeman's ponents of a completely managed currency fired a volley of shots into a group of order to move on. They spent 30 days system. However, I am db;appointed that Negroes. George Mayfield, 18, was seri­ in jail. our Treasury's reaction is only one of panic, ously wounded in both legs; Percy Lee September 5, Liberty, Amite County: rather than reason. Simmons, 19, was shot in the right leg. Travis Britt, SNCC registration worker, 5846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE April 4 was attacked and beaten by whites on October 13, McComb, Pike County: driven by a white woman. Johnson the courthouse lawn. Britt was accom­ Police o.mcer B. F. -Ellnore shot and underwent surgery for skull in.1uries. panied at the time by Robert Moses. killed a Negro motorist. · Police Chief 1962 Britt said one man hit him more than George Guy said t~ Elmore said he February 6, 1962, Clarksdaley Coa­ 20 times. The attackers drove away in had stopped Eli Brumfield at 4 a.m. for homa County: Miss Bessie Turner, 19, a truck. speeding. Brumfield allegedly jumped a Negro, was walking with a young man . September 7, Tylertown, Walthall from his car with a pocket knife in his down a Clarksdale street when Clarks­ County: John Hardy, SNCC registration hand and attacked Elmore. A coroner's dale police o.mcers stopped them and worker, took two Negroes to the county jury ruled Elmore fired in self-defense. accused Miss Turner of ha'Ving been in­ courthouse to register. The registrar October 22, Jackson, Hinds. County: volved in a theft. Miss Turner said the told them he "wasn't registering voters" Dion Diamond, a SNCC worker, was ar­ officers took her to the jail, forced her to that day. When the three turned to rested for "running a stop sign" after unclothe and to lie on her back. She leave, Registrar John Q. Wood took a being followed all day. In court the next said one of the policemen then beat her pistol from his desk and struck Hardy day, the arresting o.mcer told the judge: between the legs with his belt. A few over the head from behind. Hardy was "He is a Freedom Rider. Throw the book minutes later, Miss Turner said, the arrested and charged with disturbing at him." other officer beat her across her naked the peace. Diamond was refused legal counsel breasts. Miss Turner filed Federal September 13, Jackson, Hinds County: and fined $168. charges against the officers. 15 Episcopal ministers-among them November 9, McComb, Pike County: March 15, 1962, Shelby, Bolivar Coun­ three Negroes-were arrested for asking Jerome· Smith, 22, Congress of Racial ty: Aaron Henry, State president of the to be served at the lunch counter of the Equality-CORE-field man, and four NAACP, was convicted in Justice of Greyhound bus terminal. They were oompanions, Dorothy Smith, 18; Alice Peace court on charges of making per­ charged with inviting a breach of the Thompson, 22; Thomas Valentine, 23; verse advances on a white teenage hitch­ peace. They were found not guilty of the and George Raymond, 18, were attacked hiker. Henry stated that the charges charge on May 21, 1962, by County Judge by a mob of 30 to 40 whites when they were a. complete fabrication, and pre­ Russell Moore. sought service at the lunch counter of sented an alibi supported by sworn wit­ September 25, Liberty, Amite County: the Greyhound bus terminal in McComb. nesses. The conviction has been ap­ Herbert Lee, a Negro who had been active Smith, who su1f ered head injuries when pealed. When he later stated in a press in voter registration, was shot and killed he was slugged with brass knuckles dur­ conference that the prosecutor and the by white State representative E. H. Hurst ing the attack, said FBI agents were police chief, who :figured in the trial, had 1n downtown Liberty; No prosecution present at the time of the attack, but conspired to frame him, Henry was sued was undertaken, the authorities explain­ did "nothing but take notes'' while the by the two for defamation. A Missis­ ing that the representative had shot in mob kicked and beat his companions. sippi white jury awarded the prosecutor self-defense. The victims were rescued from the mob $25,000 and the police chief $15,000. October 4, McComb, Pike County: The by a Negro truck driver and Negro cab April 12, 1962, Taylorsville, Smith five students who were arrested as a re­ drivers. County: Cpl. Roman Ducksworth, Jr., sult of the August 29 sit-in in McComb November 10, Jackson, Hinds County: U.S. Army, a Negro, was shot and returned to school, but were refused ad­ Jessie Divens, 12-year-old, was arrested killed by Policeman Bill Kelly, when, mittance. At that, 116 students walked for refusing to move to the rear of a city according to an NAACP news release, out and paraded downtown to the city bus. Judge Carl Guernsey released the Duckworth "insisted on his right to sit hall in protest. Police arrested the en­ girl to the custody of Rev. G. R. Hor­ where he chose on an interstate bus." tire crowd, but later released all but 19, ton, chaplain of Campbell College where Policeman Kelly claimed that Ducks­ all of whom were 18 years old or older. she attended classes. Judge Guernsey worth was drunk and started fighting. They were charged with breach of the continued the case until November 17: No charges were brought against Kelly. peace and contributing to the delin­ With the understanding that the Reverend Ducksworth was en route from Camp quency of minors and allowed to go free Mr. Horton and the child come back with a Ritchie, Md., to see his wife who was on bail totaling $3,700. At the trial on workable plan which would cause the child's ill in a Laurel, Miss., hospital. October 31, Judge Brumfield, finding the mind to be concerned with education rather April 1962, Lucedale, George County: students guilty, and sentencing each to than social reformation. Mrs. Ernestine Denham Talbert, who a $500 fine and 6 months in jaid, said: November 18, McComb, Pike County: lives in George County but teaches in Some of you are local residents, some of Persons unknown fired a shotgun blast Green County, was notified by the Green you are outsiders. Those of you who are into the bedroom of Dion Diamond and County School Board that her teaching local residents are like sheep being led to contract would not be renewed. Mrs. the slaughter. If you continue to follow John Hardy at 702 Wall Street. Investi­ the advice of outside agitators, you will be gating o.mcer Frank Williams found shot­ Talbert had tried in January to register like sheep and be slaughtered. gun pellets embedded in the window to vote but had been refused. frame. May 17, 1962, Rankin County: The October 5, McComb, Pike County: December 1, McComb, Pike County: Negro editor, of the Mississippi Free Charles Sherrod was arrested on the Four white men attacked three newsmen Press, said he and a companion were street, thrown into a police car, and on the street, sending one crashing into beaten by Rankin County o.mcers and charged with resisting arrest. Cordelle a plate glass window of a store. The a highway patrolman. Lawrence Hud­ Reagan was also arrested and charged newsmen were Tom Uhrborck and Don son, Jr., of Jackson, said the beating with contributing to the delinquency of Underwood, Life magazine, and Simmons occurred after he was stopped en route a minor. Both were :fieldworkers for Fentress, Time magazine. from Jackson to Forest to check on a SNCC. December 2, McComb, Pike County: rumor that a Negro man had been killed October 11, McComb, Pike County: Police broke up an attempt by white by a white man. He was jailed, refused Paul Potter of Philadelphia, a vice presi­ attackers to drag three Freedom Riders permission to phone a lawyer, tried the dent of the National Student Associa­ from an automobile at the Greyhound next day on several charges and fined tion, and Tom Hayden of Atlanta, both bus terminal. Four men kicked at the $151. white, were dragged from their car and locked car and beat upon the windows June 21, 1962, Clarksdale, Coahoma beaten as they drove alongside a group in an attempt to reach the young Negroes County: A white lawyer from Jackson of Negroes making an antisegregation and their driver, Thomas Gaither, field and four college students were jailed in march. When the two slowed their car secretary of CORE. The police, who Clarksdale for 20 hours without outside for a traftic light, a heavy-set white man were standing by when the riders arrived communication. One of the students opened the door and dragged the driver aboard a bus from Jackson, pulled the was a Negro. William Higgs, the lawyer, out and hit him several times. He then men away from the car, but made no and the students were jailed on a Sunday walked around to the other side of the arrests. - night by county omcers and were released car, opened the door and knocked the December 26, Jackson, Hinds County: the following day, without charges being second man to the street. The incident Raftord Johnson, Negro, was severely filed against them. occurred in the business section of the beaten by two law o.mcers after being July 5, 1962, Jackson. Hinds County: city. involved in a minor collision with a car Jesse Harris, 20, and Luvaghn Brown, 1963 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD - HOUSE 5847 17, SNCC workers, charged that they whip: McSwl.ne. was released after in­ partment worker, was told by Mayor were beaten and threatened with death tercession of his father's white employer. Charles M. Durrough: while serving a 30-day sentence in the August 21, 1962," Liberty, Amite Coun­ We're going to let you go. Your wife's county jail for contempt of court. The ty: Sam Wells and Tommy Weathersby been attending that school. young Negroes had refused to move from went to the courthouse to register. a court bench customarily occupied by While they were waiting to get into the He referred to a registration school whites while they were attending the registrar's office, they stood on the front conducted by SNCC workers in Ruleville. trial of Mrs. Diane Nash Bevel. The porch of the courthouse. Deputy Sheriff September 3, 1962, Ruleville, Sunfiower young men said that, in the courthouse Daniel Jones told them: County: Fred Hicks, 40, who drove :field­ elevator, a deputy sheriff called Harris workers to the plantations, was told he Get your -- off the front porch, and could no longer use a bus without a com­ "a damned nigger" and beat him about don't come back on. the head with his fist. At the county mercial license. Hicks said the bus farm, they were singled out as freedom Weathersby and Wells got off the owner told him that, because Hicks' riders and wore striped uniforms. Both porch. A few moments later, rain began, mother had registered to vote: and the two wanted to take shelter in the were beate~ by guards. Harris was We gonna see how tight we can make it-­ beaten by a guard named Keith while courthouse, but Deputy Sheriff Jones gonna make it just as tight as we can. would not permit it. Gonna be rougher and rougher than you other prisoners held him. Keith beat think it is. him across the back with a length of August 21, Liberty, Amite County: hose threatening: Dewey Greene, Jr., Mississippi Free Press September 3, 1962, Ruleville, Sunfiower reporter, was taking pictures of Negroes Nigger, I'll kill you. County: Moses and Amzie Moore, a local waiting to register at the courthouse. Negro leader, were walking down the August 16, 1962, Greenwood, Leftore An unidentified young man working in street. A white man in a pickup truck County: Samuel Block, 23, SNCC field the office down the hall from the regis­ drew up alongside and asked if they secretary, said three white men accosted trar's office snatched Greene's camera were the "folks getting the people to him in a parking lot and "started beat­ away, and refused to return it. Greene register.'' Moses and Moore answered ing me with their fists.'' He said they was told to leave town by three white yes, they were. The man asked if they threatened him and then beat him for men, one of whom was :flourishing a could come out to his plantation to reg­ about 5 minutes. length of lead pipe. He left. ister people. The two answered, yes, There is no use reporting it to local author­ August 29, 1962, Clarksdale, Coahoma they could come. The man said then: ities- County: Seven Negroes were arrested I've got a shotgun waiting for you, double after attending a voter registration meet­ barrel. He said. ing. David Dennis, CORE field secre­ August 17, 1962, Greenwood, Leftore tary, was charged with failure to yield September 3, Ruleville, Sunfiower County: SNCC workers Samuel Block, right-of-way after a police officer had County: A letter from Mayor Durrough Luvaghn Brown, and Lawrence Guyot forced him to submit to a long harangue notified the Williams Chapel Missionary were forced to :flee from the second story of threats and abuse. Samuel Block, Baptist Church that tax exemption and window of their voter registration office. John Hodges, J. L. Harris, Richard T. free water were being cut off because the They said armed white men invaded the Gray, and Albert Garrer, SNCC field property was being used for "purposes premises intent upon doing them harm. workers, and Dewey Greene, Jr., re­ other than worship services." The August 17, 1962, Ruleville, Sunftower porter for the Mississippi Free Press, church was a meeting place for voter County: Mayor Charles Durrough asked were forced by Clarksdale police to alight registration workers. Mr. Leonard Davis, a Negro employed by from their car, and were charged with September 10, Ruleville, Sunftower the city, what he knew about the regis­ loitering in violation of the city curfew. County: Marylene Burkes, 20, and Viv­ tration school being conducted at a Ne­ August 30, 1962, Indianola, Sunftower ian Hillet, 19, were severely wounded gro church. Mr. Davis replied that he County: SNCC workers C. R. McLauren, when an unidentified assailant fired did not know anything at all about the Albert Garner, J. 0. Hodges, Samuel through the window of Miss Hillet's school, and did not attend any of the Block, and Robert Moses were arrested by grandparents' home. The grandparents classes. The mayor then told him that Indianola police on a charge of distrib­ had been active in voter registration he, the mayor, knew what kind of school uting literature without a permit. The work. they were having. The mayor said he registration workers had been taking October 3, Biloxi, Harrison County: knew it-presumably, civil rights for the leafiets announcing a registration mass A Negro frame residence and a gasoline Negro-was coming, and he was not meeting door-to-door in the Negro com­ station were targets for two "Molotov going to allow it to be forced on them. munity. Lafayette Surney, 17, another cocktails" which caused more than $4,000 The mayor said that anyone attending SNCC worker, was arrested and then re­ damage. One of the bombs struck the the school would be given a one-way leased to Rev. James Bevel, of the South­ home of Dr. Gilbert Mason, a Negro phy­ ticket out of town, and if that would ern Christian Leadership Conference-­ sician, who is active in integration ef­ not do it, they would use whatever they SCLC. forts. The other crashed through the had available. See entry below for Sep­ window of a service station operated by tember 3, 1962. August 31, Indianola, Sunfiower County: During the trial of Samuel Emmett Clark, a Negro. August 1962, Greenwood, Leftore Coun­ Block on charges of distributing litera­ · October 5, Harmony, Leake County: ty: Welton McSwine, Jr., 14-year-old ture without a permit, the Municipal Night riders fired shotguns into eight Negro, was arrested by police after a Judge informed Block that he could Negro homes and a Negro store. An white woman's house had been broken cross-examine the arresting officer. elderly Negro said he was struck in the into. When Police got the youth to the Block asked the o:tncer: knee by squirrel shot while he and his station an officer said: Did you actually see me hand out a 9-year-old grandson were sleeping. He All right, nigger, you know why you are leaflet? said he was not seriously hurt. Har­ here, and we want to know who broke into mony Negroes had recently petitioned that white woman's house. The judge turned to the officer and authorities for school desegregation. said: October 10, Columbus, Lowndes McSwine told them he knew nothing He can ask you anything he wants to, but of the incident, saying that he spent all County: A "Molotov cocktail" was tossed you don't have to answer. from a speeding car into the home of his time in the cottonfteld, and suggest­ The judge told Lafayette Sumey if he Dr. James L. Allen of Columbus; vice ing that his mother could corroborate was caught in Indianola agitating again, chairman of the Mississippi Advisory this. McSwine said officers then took he would be sent to the penal farm. Committee to the U.S. Commission on him to a cell and beat him, first hitting September 3, 1962, Ruleville, Sunfiower Civil Rights. him in the head with a blackjack; then County: Because of registration activity, October 29, Clarksdale, Coahoma one of the policemen beat him in the two Negro-owned dry cleaning establish­ County: Charles McLaurin, SNCC reg­ face with his fist while another hit him ments were closed-allegedly for violat­ istration worker, was stopped by police in the stomach with his club; then the ing city ordinances. as he was walking a group home from officers made him lie naked on the :floor September 3, 1962, Ruleville, Sunfiower the courthouse. The group had tried to on his side while they beat him with a County: Lenard Davis, 49, sanitation de- register to vote. The officer asked to see 5848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUS~ Aprirs McLaurin's driver's license. McLaurin troit, brought a truckload of food, cloth­ was punctured by 11 bullets. One work­ showed it. The omcer asked McLaurin ing and medicines ·ror distribution tO the er, ·James Travis of SNCC, was woul)ded what he was doing there. McLaurin Delta's needy families who had been cut in the neck and shoulder. told hiin he worked in voter ·registration. off from ·Federal surplus commodities. March 4, Clarksdale, Coahoma Then, accompanied by obscene remarks, The medicines had been ·donated by· a County: The show windows in the-Fourth the omcer said: physician in Louisville, and were con­ Street drugstore were smashed, as they Nigger, do you know the way out of town? signed to Aaron 'Henry, a licensed have been several times in the past. pharmacist. They were arrested by The proprietor of the store, Aaron McLaurin replied: Clarksdale police· and held for investi­ Henry, found the damage when he re­ Yes. gation. After police searched the truck turned from speaking at a mass meet­ The officer said, with more obscenity: on December 27, and found what they ing in Leflore County in connection with Nigger. Can't you say "Yes, sir?" described as a drug used to ease the the voter registration drive there. pain of middle-aged women; Donaldson March 6, Greenwood, Leflore County: The officer's partner asked the officer and Taylor were charged with possession Samuel Block and three others were what charge should be put on the tickets. of narcotics and bond was set at $15,000. fired on from a station wagon which The officer said: Bond was later reduced to $1,500. pulled up beside their car as they were Charge the -- $26 on both charges. 1963 parked in front of the SNCC voter regis­ Nigger, you got $52? January 17, Canton, Madison County: tration office. Both front windows were McLaurin replied: The castrated and mutilated body of shattered. Police later found the No. Sylvester Maxwell, 24-year-old Negro, wadding from a shotgun shell buried in The officer said: was found by his brother-in-law less the headliner of Block's car, and several than 500 yards from the home of a white pellets in the wall of the building in Then you're going to jail. family. Mississippi NAACP Field Secre­ front of which the car had been parked. At the jail, McLaurin learned that the tary Medger Evers termed the slaying a March 12, Greenwood, Lefiore officer was Clarksdale Police Chief Ben "probable lynching." County: A 12-year-old Negro girl was Collins. McLaurin was in jail a few February 2, Greenwood, Leflore attacked by an egg-throwing truckload minutes when his companions posted County: Willie Peacock, SNCC registra­ of white teenaged boys. The girl suf­ bond for him in the amount of $103. tion worker, complained to the Justice fered facial bruises. They decided to forfeit l;>ond rather than Department that officials had refused to March 20, 1963, Jackson, Hinds run the risk of a higher fine or incur the register him on two occasions, and had County: Three shots were fired through legal expense of an appeal. rejected his poll tax payment for this the windshield of a car belonging to October 31, Jackson, Hinds County: year. Mrs. Mattie Dennis while_it was parked Thomas E. Johnson, a white minister, February 20, Greenwood, Leflore in front of the home of Mrs. Dennis' and a member of the Mississippi Advis­ County: Four Negro businesses on the cousin, whom she was visitini. Mrs. ory Committee to the U.S. Commisison same street as the SNCC voter registra­ Dennis is the wife of David Dennis, on Civil Rights, saw a group of neigh­ tion office were burned to the ground. CORE field secretary for Mississippi. bors dumping garbage on his lawn. Mrs. Nancy Brand, a worker in the SNCC Both have been active in voter registra­ Johnson had just returned from taking office, reported an anonymous telephone tion. his car to a safe place because of threats call in which a man's voice asked her if March 24, 1963, Greenwood,. Leflore by neighbors to damage it. Johnson she ever came to the office. When she County: Fire destroyed partially the in­ sought a peace bond against the man said "yes'', the voice said: tenor of the voter registration office at whom he had observed leading the gar­ You won't be going down there anymore, 115 East McLaurin Street, making the bage-dumping operations of his neigh­ that's been taken care of. office unusable and necessitating a search bors. The man presented 11 witnesses for new headquarters. Witnesses said who swore that he had been in their The burned businesses were Jackson's they saw two white men fleeing the scene presence at all times on the evening in Garage, George's Cafe, Porter's Pressing shortly before the fire was discovered. question. The justice of the peace ac­ Shop, and the Esquire Club. The press­ March 26, 1963, Greenwood, Leflore cepted their testimony and refused the ing shop is next door to the SNCC office, County: A shotgun bfast ripped into the bond. Then the Hinds County Grand and SNCC workers believed the busi­ home of Dewey Greene, Sr., father of Jury indicted Johnson and his wife on nesses were burned by mistake. Sam the lates't Negro applicant to the Uni­ perjury charges, because of their testi­ Block, SNCC :field secretary, was arrested versity of Mississippi. Another of Mr. mony at the peace bond hearing. 2 days later for suggesting there was Greene's sons and a daughter have been November 6, 1962, Greenville, Wash­ some connection between the burnings active in the Leflore County registration ington County: Two W AF's and two air­ and the registration efforts of SNCC. project. Greenwood police said they men-all white-from the Greenville He was charged .with circulating state­ were investigating. Air Force Base were fined $55 and given ments calculated to create a breach of March 27, 1963, Greenwood, Leflore 30-day suspended sentences on charges the peace. County: James Forman, executive sec­ of creating a disturbance by entering a February 28, Greenwood, Leflore retary of SNCC, Bob Moses, and about restaurant and seeking service with two County: Three registration workers were 10 other registration workers were ar­ Negro voter registration workers. attacked with gunfire on U.S. Highway rested and taken from a group en route December 26, 1962, Clarksdale, Coa­ 82 just outside Greenwood. The shots to the courthouse to register after the homa County: Ivanhoe Donaldson and were fired from a 1962 white Buick. police dispersed a group of more than: Benjamin Taylor, students from De- The car in which the workers were riding 100 Negroes with the use of police dogs.

Lord whose sacred meaning our finite the faith and the courage to believe that HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES minds can only faintly comprehend. someday all mankind shall be lifted to Grant that during these days we may MONDAY, APRIL 8, 1963 ~igher levels of character and conduct be filled with penitence and humility, through the transforming and conquer­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. with praise and thanksgiving as we turn ing power of His sacrificial love. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, our minds and hearts to the cross to - Hear us in our Saviour's name. D.D., offered the following prayer: meditate upon the sufferin.gs and death ~en. Psalm 72: 19: Blessed be His glorious of the great High Priest, who on Good· name forever; and ·zet the whole earth Friday laid ut>on the altar the accept­ be filled with His glory. able sacrifice of His own life for the sins THE JOURNAL Almighty God, we have entered upon of the world. The Journal of the proceedings of Holy Week, commemorating events and May we accept and submit ourselves Thursday, April 4, 1963, was read and experiences in the life of our blessed to His claims and commands and have approved.