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RESEE 1982, 1.Pdf ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES INSTITUT DitTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES - Lt Innovations et Initiatives culturelles Le centenaire Atatiirk Textes et documents EDITURA ACADEMIE1 REPUBLIC!' SOCIALISTE ROMANIA Comité de rédaction ALEXANDRU DUTU Réciacteur en chef ad joint Membres du comité: EMIL CONDURACHI, AL. ELIAN, VALENTIN GEORGESCU, H. MIHAESCU, COSTIN MURGESCU, D. M. PIPPIDI,MIHAI POP, AL. ROSETTI, EUGEN STANESCU Secrétaire du comité : LIDIA SIMION La REVUE DES n-UDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES paret 4 fois par an. Toute com- mande de l'étranger (fascicules ou abonnements) sera adressée h ILEXIM, Departa- mentul Export-Import Pres.& P. 0. Box 136-137, telex 11226, :tr. 13 Decem- brie,n° 3, R-79517 BucureFti, Romania ou h ses représentants hl'étranger. Le prix d'un abonnement est de $ 55 par an. La correspondance, les manuscrits et les publications (lhires, revues, etc.) envoyés pour comptes rendus seront adressés hl'INSTITUT D'ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES, 71119 Bucure$ti, sectorul 1, str. I.C. Frimu, 9, téléphone 50 75 25, pour la REVUE DES ÈTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÈENNES Les articles seront remis dactylographiés en deux exemplaires. Les collaborateurs sont priés de ne pas dépasser les limites de 25-30 pages dactylographiées pour les articles, et 5-6 pages pour les comptes rendus. EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMANIA Calea Victoriei n° 125,téléphone 50 76 80, 79717, BucureFti Romania :UROPEERDES TOME XX 1982 Jan vierMars n° 1 SOMMAIRE Innovations et initiatives eulturelles VALENTIN AL. GEORGESCU, Rénovation devaleurs européenneset innovations roumaines chez D. Cantemir 3 .NICOLAF DASCALU, Press Co-operation of the Little Entente and Balkan Alliance States (1922-1939) 25 Le eentenaire Atatiirk, 'ISMAIL ARAR (Ankara), La place d'Atatiirk parmi les grands courants de l'histoire 43 MUSTAFA ALI MEHMET, Mustafa Kemal Atatiirkpenseur et hurnaniste. 51 COWUN IIÇOK (Ankara), Atatiirk, der Erbffner eines neuen Zeitalters in den isla- mischen Landern 61 .CON-STANTIN IORDAN-SIMA, Parole et diplomatie : la Turquie kémaliste, l'Angle- terre impériale elle problème de Mossoul 67 HAMIT Z. KOSAY (Ankara), Presentation to Atatiirk 85 Texies et documents PAUL CERNOVODEANU et MIHAIL CARATA8U, Correspondancediplomatique d'Alexandre Mavrocordato l'Exaporite, 1676-1703, I. 93 DAN BERINDEL Relations roumano-polonaises pendant la quatrième décennie du xlxe siècle. Précisions et contributions 129 Chronique DAN SIMONESCU, La réunion annuelle de la Direction du Patrinioine National . 145 PAUL CERNOVODEANU, The Third Romanian-British Colloquium of History . 146 CREv, tTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XX, 1, P. 1 186, BUCAREST, 1982 61 2 Comptes rendus VALENTIN AL. GEORGESCU, Bizantuli instituttile românesti pinä la mijlocul seco- lului al XVIII-lea (Nicolae Stoicescu); EMMANUEL THRCZYNSKI, Konfes- sion und Nation. Zur Fruhgeschichte der serbischen und rumanischen Nations- bildung (Robert Peitusan); ELENA SCARLATOIU, Relatii lingvistice ale aroma-- 11110r cu slavii de sud (Nicolae Saraniandu) 14g GHEORGHE PLATON, Geneza revolutiei române de la 1848 (Al. Zub ); GRIGORE CHIRITÀ, VALENTINA COSTAKE, EMILIA POSTARITÀ, Documente privind Umrea Principatelor (Andrei Pippidt); CONSTANTIN VELICHI, Romänia Renasterea bulgarä (Elena Sutpiur ) ..... 156 Notices biblio9raphiques 165 Livres rqus 183 innovations et initiatives culturelles RÉNOVATION DE VALEURS EUROPÉENNES ET INNOVATIONS ROUMAINES CHEZ D. CANTEMIR: STATISTIQUE DESCRIPTIVE, ETHNOPSYCHOLOGIE, HISTOIRE DU DROIT, THÉORIE DE L'IDÉE IMPÉRIALE VALENTIN AL. GEORGESCU Esprit encyclopédique à ouverture européenne. Structure humaniste se confrontant, pour sans cesse le &passer,A, un théisme d'époque. Rayonnement international d'une pens& scientifique supérieurement en- gagée. Pionnier et fondateur inégalé dans l'histoire culturelle de son peuple. Voici les -traits saillants qui définissent la personnalité et l'ceuvre de Démètre Cantemir (1673-1723), prince de Moldavie (1693; 1710 1711), tels qu'un Recueil d'études, demeuré à l'état de projet *, aurait dû les reprendre pour les insérer dans une nouvelle synthèse document& et éclairante. Ce rappel ici était n.écessaire, car lui seul rend intelligible la port& des analyses que suggère le libellé de notre titre. I. t DESCRIPTIO MOLDAVIAE » (1716), OUVRAGE DE STATOLOGIE OU DE STATISTIQUE DESCRIPTIVE Chez Cantemir chaque nouvelle ceuvre exploite avec beaucoup d'à-propos les possibilités d'expression et de démonstration d'un nouveau genre littéraire. Le domaine des sciences sociales en fait preuve. L'Histoire hiéroglyphique (1705) .n'est encore qu'un roman politique pourvu de la clé qui le rende plus efficace comme ceuvre de combat. Mais la méditation engagée sur l'idée impériale qui lui fait suite' est déjà un avant-propos philosophique du savant et volumineux traité qui sera consacré au &din de la Cour ottomane (1714-1716). Une monographie à thèse d'histoire moldave contemporaine(1716-1718)2précède la chronique d-u peuple _roumain (1717-1723)3où la démarche du chroniquer s'efface devant Pérudition et la puissante vision de l'historien moderne. Dans cette série d'ouvrages, la Deseriptio antiqui et hodierni status Moldaviae ne pouvait tenir qu'une place A, part. Sa première traduction allemande a paru à Hambourg dans le Maaazin fiir die neue Historie * Dont le regretté Mihai Berza devait assumer la direction à partir de 1973. illonarchiarum physica examinatio, 1714. 3 Vila Constantini Cantemyrii, 1716-1718. biographie et histoire du règne de son pere, prince de Moldavie (1685-1693). 3 Hronicul vechimei a romano-Moldo-vIalulor (Chronique de l'ancienneté des Roumano- Moldo-Valaques). REV. tTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XX, 1, P. 3-23, BUCAREST, 1962 4 VALENTIN AL. GECRGESCI3 told Geographie (III IV, 1769-177'1) d'A. F. Thisching. Le eunienu de Pouvrage a dû déjà frapper par sa complexité, car le traducteur allemand (2e éd. Frankfurt/M. Leipzig, 1771), n'a pas manqué de teconiii dans' son titre a une « explicitation ». Celle-ci, d'un côté, rattachait ltexte au profil de la Revue, et, de l'autre, évoquait pour tes contemporains le' genre littéraire auquel il appartenait : Historisch-geographische und tische Beschreibung der Moldau 4. En 1789, le tradueteur ruse, en travail- lant à partir du texte allemand consacra cette innovation. Par la suite, la signification synthétique de la formule Descriptio historico-geographica' et politica s'est émoussée et les commentateurs modernes s'en sont servis pour indiquer sans plus, d'une manière purement descriptive, les trois4 aspects principaux d'une ceuvre qui apparaissait, des lors, à la fois eoin- plexe et composite, en précisant qu'elle était assez riche pour comprendre, clans un mélange indéfinissable, une grande variétéd'autres matériaux. C'est ainsi que l'un des historiens les plus autorisés de Cantemir, P. P. Panaitescu5, voit dans la Descriptio Moldaviae un livre d'information géographique et une description de la vie du peuple, de Porganisation d'Etat et de l'état économiqu.e du pays, d'après un plan élargi et bieni organise du point de vue scientifique. Avant lui, G. Vilsan 6 avait beau- coup insisté sur la Descriptio Moldaviae en tant qu.'ceuvre de géographe._ La riche contribution qu'elle apporte à Pétude du folklore et de l'ethno- graphie a été mise en lumière dans les vingt dernières années 7. Quant aux historiens,ils utilisent Pceuvre de Cantemir comme s'il eagissait avant tout d'un travail relevant de leur discipline. D'ailleurs P. P. Pa- naitescu ne conclut-il pas dans le sens que «méme la Descriptio Moldaviae,, son ouvrage géographique par excelence... est un ouvrage de géographie un historien» 8. Quant au dernier commentateur de la Descriptio Noldaviae, Maria Holban, il se limite a, une analyse descriptive de la structure de Pouvrage et parle d'une partie géographique (avec une introduction historique), d'une partie politique, à caractère historique expiicatif, et (Fume troisieme partie composite (religion, langue, écriture, etc.) 6. 4 Cette formule renvoie a la Notitia rerum publicarum d'Hermann Conring (1660), qui devait presenter dans leurs rapports mutuels les Staatszustande. cosnme t eine neue, aus Geo- graphie, Geschichte und Politik abgesonderle Disziplin 4. Busebing etait l'un des principaux représentants, avec Achenwall et Schlozer, de l'école de statistiquede Gcettinoe collegia- stattstica(de lastatista,status )etstaalskundlich-stalistischeoustaats:ustandschildernde Vorlesung. 5 Dinutrie Can/emir. Vtala si opera (D.C., sa vie et son ceuvre), Bucarest, 1958, 148_ 6 Opera geografictt a tut Dimdrie Can/emir (L'ceuvre géographique de D.C.), in « Lucrarile Institutului de Geografie », 2, 1924/1925, Cluj, 1926 et deux autres etudes (1924, 1926), citées par P. P. Panaiteseu, op. cit., p. 265. Dan Badiirau, Componentu geograficti in enczclopedisrzud luz D. Cantemir ) (La composante géographique dans l'encyclopedisme de D. Cantemir), in Serien i alese, Bucarest, 1979, 219-227 (cf. 223) :ceuvre de géographe avec de riches references historiques et ethnographiques, géographie humaine, dont les objectifs sont les conditions. écononnques et politiques du tern-Loire étudie, les mceurs des peuples établis sur ce territoire, !curs occupations...». Or, a cette enumeration, en ajoutant l'étude du droit et des structures. jundiques (présente dans la Deseriptio Moldainue) on aboutit à une bonne definition de la statologie ou statzstigue descriptive. 7 Al. Bistriceanu (1953): A. Foehi (1964, très important), F. B. Florescu (1955), Val. Georgescu (1972). s Op. cit., 256.-257; sic; A. Fochi. inRevista de etnografiei folclor », 9,
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