The Role of Education in Taming Authoritarian Attitudes
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Is It Time to Welcome a New Political Tribe on the Horizon?
Is It Time to Welcome a New Political Tribe on The Horizon? By Jacob Hess I am among the sizeable number of conservatives today who feel cut off and alienated from the “mother party” of Republicans in America today – given how little the predominant right-tribe seems to represent many of our values and core convictions anymore. Like Mitch Daniels, who worked under Reagan and Bush presidencies, “I feel homeless." I’m also aware of a not-insignificant number of liberals who are concerned with some of the ascendant “social justice warrior” themes on the left – similarly unsure how this increasingly illiberal intolerance of ideological diversity represents their own core values. These parallel trends raises perhaps the obvious question: Is it time for the disgruntled, the alienated, and the hungry-for-something-better to find each other – and make that something better happen?! Glimpses of a new aggregation. I’ve been tasting some of these possibilities for years in my work with Joan Blades and Debilyn Molineaux at Living Room Conversations, with Liz Joyner at the Village Square, and the larger gathering of people from all walks of life within the National Coalition of Dialogue & Deliberation. Along the way, we’ve been heartened to find many are making unorthodox cross-political connections in their own personal lives, as documented in the Respect & Rebellion initiative to showcase red-blue friendships across America. And of course, this is central to what the larger “transpartisan” movement has tried to do over the last two decades, led by people like Jim Turner, Lawry Chickering, John Steiner, & Mark Gerzon - and more recently, by the inspired founders of Better Angels, the Bridge Alliance, and Bridge USA. -
Democratic Republic of Congo Constitution
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, 2005 [1] Table of Contents PREAMBLE TITLE I GENERAL PROVISIONS Chapter 1 The State and Sovereignty Chapter 2 Nationality TITLE II HUMAN RIGHTS, FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES AND THE DUTIES OF THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE Chapter 1 Civil and Political Rights Chapter 2 Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Chapter 3 Collective Rights Chapter 4 The Duties of the Citizen TITLE III THE ORGANIZATION AND THE EXERCISE OF POWER Chapter 1 The Institutions of the Republic TITLE IV THE PROVINCES Chapter 1 The Provincial Institutions Chapter 2 The Distribution of Competences Between the Central Authority and the Provinces Chapter 3 Customary Authority TITLE V THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL TITLE VI DEMOCRACY-SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS Chapter 1 The Independent National Electoral Commission Chapter 2 The High Council for Audiovisual Media and Communication TITLE VII INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS TITLE VIII THE REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION TITLE IX TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS PREAMBLE We, the Congolese People, United by destiny and history around the noble ideas of liberty, fraternity, solidarity, justice, peace and work; Driven by our common will to build in the heart of Africa a State under the rule of law and a powerful and prosperous Nation based on a real political, economic, social and cultural democracy; Considering that injustice and its corollaries, impunity, nepotism, regionalism, tribalism, clan rule and patronage are, due to their manifold vices, at the origin of the general decline -
Surviving Through the Post-Cold War Era: the Evolution of Foreign Policy in North Korea
UC Berkeley Berkeley Undergraduate Journal Title Surviving Through The Post-Cold War Era: The Evolution of Foreign Policy In North Korea Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nj1x91n Journal Berkeley Undergraduate Journal, 21(2) ISSN 1099-5331 Author Yee, Samuel Publication Date 2008 DOI 10.5070/B3212007665 Peer reviewed|Undergraduate eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Introduction “When the establishment of ‘diplomatic relations’ with south Korea by the Soviet Union is viewed from another angle, no matter what their subjective intentions may be, it, in the final analysis, cannot be construed otherwise than openly joining the United States in its basic strategy aimed at freezing the division of Korea into ‘two Koreas,’ isolating us internationally and guiding us to ‘opening’ and thus overthrowing the socialist system in our country [….] However, our people will march forward, full of confidence in victory, without vacillation in any wind, under the unfurled banner of the Juche1 idea and defend their socialist position as an impregnable fortress.” 2 The Rodong Sinmun article quoted above was published in October 5, 1990, and was written as a response to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union, a critical ally for the North Korean regime, and South Korea, its archrival. The North Korean government’s main reactions to the changes taking place in the international environment during this time are illustrated clearly in this passage: fear of increased isolation, apprehension of external threats, and resistance to reform. The transformation of the international situation between the years of 1989 and 1992 presented a daunting challenge for the already struggling North Korean government. -
Democracy Index 2010 Democracy in Retreat a Report from the Economist Intelligence Unit
Democracy index 2010 Democracy in retreat A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit www.eiu.com Democracy index 2010 Democracy in retreat The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy 2010 Democracy in retreat This is the third edition of the Economist Intelligence Unit’s democracy index. It reflects the situation as of November 2010. The first edition, published in The Economist’sThe World in 2007, measured the state of democracy in September 2006 and the second edition covered the situation towards the end of 2008. The index provides a snapshot of the state of democracy worldwide for 165 independent states and two territories—this covers almost the entire population of the world and the vast majority of the world’s independent states (micro states are excluded). The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy is based on five categories: electoral process and pluralism; civil liberties; the functioning of government; political participation; and political culture. Countries are placed within one of four types of regimes: full democracies; flawed democracies; hybrid regimes; and authoritarian regimes. Free and fair elections and civil liberties are necessary conditions for democracy, but they are unlikely to be sufficient for a full and consolidated democracy if unaccompanied by transparent and at least minimally efficient government, sufficient political participation and a supportive democratic political culture. It is not easy to build a sturdy democracy. Even in long-established ones, if not nurtured and protected, democracy can corrode. Democracy in decline The global record in democratisation since the start of its so-called third wave in 1974, and acceleration after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, has been impressive. -
Rethinking the Somali State
Rethinking the Somali State MPP Professional Paper In Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Public Policy Degree Requirements The Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs The University of Minnesota Aman H.D. Obsiye May 2017 Signature below of Paper Supervisor certifies successful completion of oral presentation and completion of final written version: _________________________________ ____________________ ___________________ Dr. Mary Curtin, Diplomat in Residence Date, oral presentation Date, paper completion Paper Supervisor ________________________________________ ___________________ Steven Andreasen, Lecturer Date Second Committee Member Signature of Second Committee Member, certifying successful completion of professional paper Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 5 The Somali Clan System .......................................................................................................... 6 The Colonial Era ..................................................................................................................... 9 British Somaliland Protectorate ................................................................................................. 9 Somalia Italiana and the United Nations Trusteeship .............................................................. 14 Colonial -
SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981
Date Printed: 01/15/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 30 Tab Number: 1 Document Title: CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD: SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981 Document Country: SOM Documen t Language: ENG IFES 10: CON00170 44-II~ I~ 433I~II ~II ~/SOM /lq<il JOOI /0-'j . " SOMALIA . • CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD Editors ALBERT P. BLAUSTEIN & GISBERT 1-1. FLANZ SOMALI DEMOCRATIC • REPUBLIC by MARTIN R. GANZGLASS Issued November 1981 • Oceana Publications. Inc. Dobbs Ferry. New York 5 0 MAL I D E Moe RAT I C REP U B LIe The Somali Democratic Republic (Somalia) is a "union" of two former colonies. The Northern Region CONTENTS comprises the former British territory known as the Somali land Protectorate. The Southern Region com • prises the former Italian Sornaliland which, after World War II, became a United Nations Trust Terri tory. CONSTITUTIONAL CHRONOLOGY Till': CONSTITUTION 1889 Following treaties with local Sultans, Britain proclaimed the Sornaliland ,INNOT,I'I'FIl BIBLIOGRAPHY Protectorate over the Northern Regions of Hargeisa and Burao. This became ~<the Northern Region of what is now Somalla. The Protectorate also included the Baud which became part of Ethiopia in 1955. The Protectorate, located at the southern end of the Red Sea, was on the direct route from England to India via the Suez Canal. 1894 Tripartite Accord was reached by Great' Britain, Italy and Ethiopia over other Somali territories. Italian control was established over an area on the Indian Ocean to a point south of Mogadishu. • This became Italian Somaliland and the Southern Regions of what is now Somalia. -
Beyond Electoral Authoritarianism: the Spectrum of Nondemocratic Regimes
13 Beyond Electoral Authoritarianism: The Spectrum of Nondemocratic Regimes Richard Snyder It is increasingly evident that the Third Wave of democracy had a strong undemocratic undertow. Despite the fact that an unprecedented number of countries experienced transitions to democracy since the mid-1970s, a wide range of nondemocratic regimes persisted across the globe. For example, entrenched totalitarian or post-totalitarian regimes kept a firm grip on power in North Korea, Cuba, China, Laos, and Vietnam. Long-standing monarchies endured in Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Jordan.' Personalistic dictators sur vived in Libya, Zimbabwe, and Togo. And theocracies, ethnocracies, and military regimes remained in power in Iran, Syria, and Burma. Moreover, many countries experienced processes of political regime change that did not result in democracy. Regime change led to state collapse and protracted civil wars in Liberia, Cambodia, Somalia, Afghanistan, and Zaire. In other instances, including many of the countries analyzed by the contributors to this volume, regime change resulted in the emergence of new nondemocra tic regimes. The growing realization that the "victory of democracy" cele brated during the euphoria at the end of the Cold War was far from complete has led scholars increasingly to switch their focus from democratic transi tions to the nondemocratic regimes of the contemporary era. This switch requires that we tackle a key conceptual challenge: how to get beyond studying politics through the prism of democracy. The contrib utors to this book take a significant step in this direction because they break with what Thomas Carothers (2002) calls the "transition paradigm."2 From this perspective, which dominated the comparative study of regimes dur ing the 1980s and 1990s, the many countries across the world in the "gray zone" between liberal democracy and full-blown authoritarianism were seen as qualified democracies in the process of moving toward full democ racy. -
Democracy Index 2020 in Sickness and in Health?
Democracy Index 2020 In sickness and in health? A report by The Economist Intelligence Unit www.eiu.com The world leader in global business intelligence The Economist Intelligence Unit (The EIU) is the research and analysis division of The Economist Group, the sister company to The Economist newspaper. Created in 1946, we have over 70 years’ experience in helping businesses, financial firms and governments to understand how the world is changing and how that creates opportunities to be seized and risks to be managed. Given that many of the issues facing the world have an international (if not global) dimension, The EIU is ideally positioned to be commentator, interpreter and forecaster on the phenomenon of globalisation as it gathers pace and impact. EIU subscription services The world’s leading organisations rely on our subscription services for data, analysis and forecasts to keep them informed about what is happening around the world. We specialise in: • Country Analysis: Access to regular, detailed country-specific economic and political forecasts, as well as assessments of the business and regulatory environments in different markets. • Risk Analysis: Our risk services identify actual and potential threats around the world and help our clients understand the implications for their organisations. • Industry Analysis: Five year forecasts, analysis of key themes and news analysis for six key industries in 60 major economies. These forecasts are based on the latest data and in-depth analysis of industry trends. EIU Consulting EIU Consulting is a bespoke service designed to provide solutions specific to our customers’ needs. We specialise in these key sectors: • Healthcare: Together with our two specialised consultancies, Bazian and Clearstate, The EIU helps healthcare organisations build and maintain successful and sustainable businesses across the healthcare ecosystem. -
CSR90 the United States, China, and Taiwan
Council Special Report No. 90 February 2021 The United States, Cover photo: A red pin indicates Taiwan on a map of East Asia. (hyotographics/Shutterstock) China, and Taiwan: Council on Foreign Relations cfr.org A Strategy to Prevent War 58 East 68th Street 1777 F Street, NW New York, NY 10065 Washington, DC 20006 tel 212.434.9400 tel 202.509.8400 Robert D. Blackwill and Philip Zelikow Council Special Report No. 90 February 2021 The United States, China, and Taiwan: A Strategy to Prevent War Robert D. Blackwill and Philip Zelikow The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpartisan membership organization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its members, government officials, business executives, journalists, educators and students, civic and religious leaders, and other interested citizens in order to help them better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other countries. Founded in 1921, CFR carries out its mission by maintaining a diverse membership, with special programs to promote interest and develop expertise in the next generation of foreign policy leaders; convening meetings at its headquarters in New York and in Washington, DC, and other cities where senior government officials, members of Congress, global leaders, and prominent thinkers come together with Council members to discuss and debate major international issues; supporting a Studies Program that fosters independent research, enabling CFR scholars to produce articles, reports, and books and hold roundtables that analyze foreign policy issues and make concrete policy recommendations; publishing Foreign Affairs, the preeminent journal on international affairs and U.S. -
Country Fact Sheet, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO April 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Geography The Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in Central Africa. It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Republic of the Congo to the northwest. The country has access to the 1 of 26 9/16/2013 4:16 PM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Atlantic Ocean through the mouth of the Congo River in the west. The total area of the DRC is 2,345,410 km². -
North Korean Decisionmaking
C O R P O R A T I O N JOHN V. PARACHINI, SCOTT W. HAROLD, GIAN GENTILE, DEREK GROSSMAN, LEAH HEEJIN KIM, LOGAN MA, MICHAEL J. MAZARR, LINDA ROBINSON North Korean Decisionmaking Economic Opening, Conventional Deterrence Breakdown, and Nuclear Use For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA165-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0553-1 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Discerning the decisionmaking of Kim Jong-Un and the North Korean regime on issues of peaceful engagement and warlike actions endures as a mighty challenge for U.S. -
Murdoch Murdoch: a Case Study in Threats to Ontological Security in Far-Right
Julian Morein Senior Thesis Dr. Angela Kachuyeveski 3 May 2020 Murdoch Murdoch: A Case Study in Threats to Ontological Security in Far-Right Propaganda I. Introduction Far-right groups have seen an uptick in support across western democracies. From Donald Trump’s victory in the United States, to France’s National Front winning its highest vote share in the most recent presidential election,2 to the VOX party’s parliamentary breakthrough in Spain’s most recent elections,3 the far-right is having a political resurgence after years of steady growth in support.4 These successes have also corresponded with an increase in widespread and well organized far-right propaganda, especially online. Far-right media employs several tactics to mainstream it’s ideas and to radicalize potential supporters. These include websites that spread disinformation presented as news,5 coordinated Twitter attacks,6 the incubation and dissemination of targeted memes,7 and the promulgation of far-right wed series. These web 2 “The Maps That Show How France Voted and Why,” BBC News (BBC, May 12, 2017), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39870460) 3 Sohail Jannessari, “The Left Will Govern Spain, but the Far-Right Is the Real Winner,” Foreign Policy, November 16, 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/16/spain-election-vox-far-right-socialists-winner/) 4 “The Maps That Show How France Voted and Why,” BBC News; Kristin Haltinner. “Paving the Way for Trump: The Tea Party’s Invisible Influence on the 2016 Election” in Trumping the Mainstream: The Conquest of Mainstream Democratic Politics by the Populist Radical Right.