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Pronoun 10 C MP-POLICE lc-baLisDVj MADHYA PRADESH PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD NON - TECHNICAL Hkkx & 1 () vaxzsth Contents GRAMMAR PART 1. Part of Speech 1-40 a. Noun 1 b. Pronoun 10 c. Adjective 17 d. Verb 23 e. Adverb 30 f. Preposition 35 g. Conjunction 40 2. Tense 44 3. Articles 51 4. Model verbs 55 5. Conditional Sentences 60 6. Subject Verb Agreement 63 7. Voice 68 8. Narration 73 VOCABULARY 1. Synonym & Antonym 77 2. Phrasal Verb 98 3. Idiom & Phrases 110 4. One Word Substitutions 142 OBJECTIVE PART 1. Reading Comprehension 151 2. Rearrangement of Sentence 155 3. Fillers 159 4. Error Detection 163 5. Sentence Improvement 165 6. Cloze Test 170 NOUN Collective Noun – Denotes a group or A noun is the name of place, person, thing, collection of similar individuals considered as idea action and quality. one complete whole. (Ex. Class, staff, army, Types: parliament etc.) Proper Noun – Denotes a particular person, place thing. Material Noun – Denotes matter or Ex. – (Akshay, Pooja, Ankita) substance of which a thing is made. Common Noun – Is the name given its (Ex. – Iron, silver, gold etc.) common in every person or thing of the same class on kind. (Ex. – Boy, girl, company etc.) Noun Number Singular Noun Plural Noun Singular Plural Ending Ending 1. -s, ss, ch, x, zz - es Man Men Ex- Focus Focusses Woman Women Princess Princess Mouse Mice Church Churches Fish Fishor fishes Box Boxes A sheep Ten sheep Buzz Buzzes Child Children Ox Oxen 2 -O -Sores A woman Several Doctor Women / doctors Ex. Hero Heroes .a book case Two bookcases Piano Pianos .An Indian Two Indian Potato Potatoes Take Away Take – Aways 3. Consonantly -ies A passer by several Baby babies Passers by Hobby Hobbies Glassful Glassfuls 4. Vowelty Spoonful Spoonfuls -Key -Keys -Ray Rays 5 -F -sor-ves Ex. Hoof Hoofs or hooves Dwarf Drarfs or drarves Theig Theeves Roof Roofs 6 -fe -ves Knife Knives Life Lifes 7. On A Phenomenon -phenomenon Ex- Since I had never seen a falling stor, Criterion -criteria seeing, one on my honey moon was real phenomenon. 1 As well as know sunrise is a great phenomenon. Is / es Singular Plural Ex – during the real Estate 1 Analysis Analyses Crises, homes prices 2 Diagnosis Diagnoses Were extremely low 3 Casis Cases But few people had 4 Thesis Thases Money to buy 5 Crisis Crises Crises – crisis The widow who lives near his house is passing through money crisis x Crisis Crises (Sing.) (Plural) Ans. Correct Crises Ans. – Syllabus – Syllabi correct: Syllabi Abstract Noun – Is usually the home of a quality, action or state considered apart from (2) All the cactus were in flower, so that the the object to which it belongs.(Ex. – Virtue, desert was riot of colour. darkness, kindness, happiness etc.) Cactus xyr gS A D;ksafd All Plural rks Noun Hkh Plural gksxk A Cacti (correct) gS A Singular Noun – Boy, girl, man, car etc. Um – a Plural Noun – Boys, girls, men, cars etc. Singular Plural Datum Data Countable Noun – Are the name of objects, Medium Media people etc. that we can count (Ex. – Book, Dr. Memorandum Memoranda Horse, Apple) Ex – We can solve these problems by using Uncountable Nouns – Are the names of thing method of floating datum DMO suparaisition which we can’t count. (√) They mainly denotes substance and abstract Datum (√) D;ksafd ;g¡k ,d specific method things. Ex. – Milk, oil, sugar, gold, honesty, (floating Method) dh ckr gks jgh gS D;ksafd etc. special method (singular) gS rks (Datum (S + ing) Noun Hkh sign gksxk A US – I:- Cactus – cacti He copied the relevant data out of the Focus – foci encyclopedia. Fungus – fungi (plural) Nucleolus –nuclei Ans. data (√) – dke dk data collect fd;k eryc Syllabus –syllabi / syllabuses cgqr lkjk data collect fd;k gksxk A Radius – radii Important Rules: Ex – (1) We need to improve or textbooks and Rule – syllabus in such a way that students do not We always use singular verb with need to rey on the cheap hotels. uncountable nouns. 2 Plural of these words does not exist. Aims were given to beggers. She forgot her spac + acle here. (Correct – Some Example of uncountable Noun spectacles) are – Machinery Scenery Information Leg gage Rule 3 Advice Poetry Evidence Tieip There are some nouns that indicate – length, Furniture Bread Wood Fuel measure, money, weight or number, when Hair Crockery Coth Moves they are preceded by a numeral, they remain Backery Behavior Dust Jwellery unchanged in form. Knowledge Wastage Murchief Clothing cast Foot, Meter, pair, score, dozen, head, year, hundred, thousand, million, billion, trillion. Note – These nouns will not take A, An, many, Note: buls igys number gS rks “S” ugh yxsxkA fear number of (plural verb) they take Ex – three dozens pencil (x) singular verb. Three dozen pencils (√) Number Unconsent noun Plural/verb bles ckn “of” gks rks – “S” yxsxk Ex. The sceneries of Kashmir have evcinonate us (x) Ex: Thousands of people died of cholera last year. (x) Ans. The scenery of Kashmir has Enchate us. Correct- (√) Thousands of people died of cholera last year. (2) She gave two jewelries (correct – Jewelry I have seven dozens of shoes (correct – or a piece of jewelry) dozen) (3) His hairs are black – His hair is black (√) He has five thousands rupees (correct - (4) I ate three breads today – (cored – Bread thousand) or three slices of Bread) (x) It is four years degree course (correct – year) Rule 2 Certain nouns exist in plural forms only. Rule 5: Thus “S” cannot be removed from such nouns Some nouns are singular in meaning but are They take plural verb form used as plural nouns and always to plural verb – [Cattle] gentry, vermin, peasantry, artillery, Ex.- people, clergy, company, police]. Scissors Jeans Pincers Shorts Spectacles Remains Congratulation Pilers Ex: Binoculars Pajamas Pants Tweezers (1) The cattle is grazing in the ground. Tongs Earnings Skates Savings Pincers Trousers Tights (x) Thanks Socks Wages Cattle – Are (√) (Plural) (plural) Ex. – Where are my pants? Plural Where are the tongs? 3 (2) Police has controlled the situation. Such Nouns are: (have)√ Teacher, student, child, clerk, candidate, (3) The children are playing in the field. (√) advocate, worker, writer author, leader, (4) On large forms, cattle are usually market musician, politician, enemy, client, president, with brand. person, neighbor etc. Cattle (Noun) plural gS blfy, plural – forms (√) (form gksrk gS rks xyr gksrk) When these are used in singular, we third person singular masculine (his) pronoun with Note: them. (1) People vkSj People of difference: - People – of some race (leku tkfr /keZ) Ex. - Peoples of different race (fofHkUu tkfr /keZ) (a) Every candidate should write his (not her) name. Q. ------- of world must unit (Peoples √ / People (b) Every person should perform his (not x) her) duty. (2) Floor – (the flat surface of the room) Each, either, every one, everybody, no Ground – surface of the Earth. one, no body, neither, anybody are also common gender pronoun. (c) The student forgot her. Spectacles at (3) Envy – A wish to passes that the other home (his) √ person has complete. (d) Teacher was not present in her office. Jealousy – A feeling that arises out of fear (his) √ of losing that yours. (e) The doctor suggested her patient to take medicines properly. (his) √ (4) Skill – We acquire it by learning. Talent – a Natural ability. Rule – 8: Some noun are used for especially for Rule 6: feminine gender only. Some nouns like Mathematics, Physics, dynamics, Ethics, linguistic, metal physics, I.e. blonde, maid, mid wife, coquette, virgin optics, Economics, News, politics, mumps, etc. measies, Rickets, Athetics, Mechanics etc. are in plural forms but used as a singular noun. Now a days nouns ‘bachelor’ and ‘virgin’ are being used for masculine and feminine Ex.: gender as well. (1) Mathematic is the science of quantity. (2) Bad news travels fast. Ex- He is coquette (x) (3) Mumps has been nearly eradicated in She is coquette (√) our country. + ing (4) Billiards is my favorite game. Rule – 9: Rule 7: If the same noun is repeated after preposition Some nouns are known as common gender the noun will be singular. nouns. That can be used for either sex- Male or female [Noun (s) + preposition + Noun(s)] These are called dual gender nouns. 4 Ex.: Ex. (a) Town after town was / were devastated (a) Your deposits has grown two and a half (was) times within two years. (N) (N) (b) My salary has increased three and a quarter times within three years. (b) Raw upon raw of pink marble look / looks beautiful. Rule – 12: X √ In case of a very young child, insect or other (c) He was reading pages after pages of the small creature we use neuter gender. books. Ex. – The baby wants his bottle. (Its) The child has his bottle. (its) Rule – 10: Some nouns like: Rules – 13: [Deer, sheep series, fish, crew, team jury, When a neuter gender noun is perschified we aircraft counsel etc.] Take the same form both use. Masculine gender to object remarkable in singular and plural. for their strength. Ex. – Sun, time, Death, winter etc. Ex. (1) This cricket team is best for T-20 Sometimes it is treated as feminine: matches. Feminine gender to objects remarkable for (2) The crew is large their beauty and gratefulness etc. (3) All the crew were saved. Ex. – Earth, Moon, Nature etc. (4) One sheep is grazing. (5) Two sheep are grazing. Ex. (1) The sun was shining on the sea, shining Rule – 11: with all his night. If the numeral adjective and a fractions are used with a noun, is used with the numeral The sun blfy, his dk use lgh gS A vxj and the noun will be singular.
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