DOCSLIB.ORG

The Mixtec Pictorial Manuscripts the Early Americas: History and Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Mixtec Pictorial Manuscripts the Early Americas: History and Culture The Mixtec Pictorial Manuscripts The Early Americas: History and Culture General Editor Alexander Geurds, Leiden University Editorial Board Nikolai Grube, Bonn University John Hoopes, University of Kansas Maarten Jansen, Leiden University Arthur Joyce, University of Colorado Michael Smith, Arizona State University Eric Taladoire, Sorbonne Laura Van Broekhoven, National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden VOLUME 1 The Mixtec Pictorial Manuscripts Time, Agency and Memory in Ancient Mexico By Maarten E.R.G.N. Jansen Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. On the cover: Monument to ancient Mixtec rulers in Yanhuitlan (Oaxaca, Mexico), inspired by a scene in Codex Añute. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jansen, Maarten E. R. G. N. (Maarten Evert Reinoud Gerard Nicolaas), 1952- The Mixtec pictorial manuscripts : time, agency, and memory in ancient Mexico / by Maarten E.R.G.N. Jansen and Gabina Aurora Perez Jimenez. p. cm. — (The early Americas : history and culture, ISSN 1875-3264 ; v. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-18752-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Manuscripts, Mixtec. 2. Picture-writing—Mexico. 3. Mixtec language—Writing. 4. Mixtec Indians—History. 5. Mexico—History—To 1519. I. Pérez Jiménez, Gabina Aurora. II. Title. III. Series. F1219.54.M59J37 2010 972’.7401—dc22 2010030391 ISSN 1875-3264 ISBN 978 90 04 18752 8 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. contents v To the memory of Luis Reyes García, tlacuilo, tlamatini vi contents contents vii CONTENTS List of Illustrations . ix Preface . xxi PART ONE ÑEE ÑUHU SANAHA: THE ANCIENT BOOKS I. Introduction to Mixtec Pictography . 3 II. Treasures from Ancient Libraries . 42 III. Rediscovery and Decipherment . 96 IV. Contemporary Studies and Discussions . 127 PART TWO TNUNI TANIÑO: SIGNS AND SYMBOLS V. Post Colonial Hermeneutics . 181 VI. Acts and Visions . 217 VII. Memory Landscape . 271 PART THREE YAA TNUHU: DYNASTIC HISTORY VIII. Foundation Narratives . 357 IX. The Noble Houses . 407 X. Colonial Transformation . 462 viii contents CONCLUSION ÑUU TAYU: THE SOVEREIGN COMMUNITY XI. Political and Ideological Dynamics . 503 References . 531 Index . 561 list of illustrations ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1.1. Late Preclassic–Early Classic calendar sign on carved stone found in the Agencia Guadalupe Victoria, San Miguel el Grande, Oax . 6 1.2. Map of the Mixtec region . 8 1.3. The ruined Dominican convent at San Miguel Achiutla . 9 1.4. Yuq yuq or Boustrophedon patterns . 13 1.5. The early colonial palace (Casa de la Cacica) in Yucu Ndaa (Tepozcolula) . 15 1.6. Traditional house . 16 1.7. Codex Mendoza, p. 43: places from the Mixteca Alta and their tributes . 19 1.8. Codex Yuta Tnoho, pp. 11–12: siqui or ‘wards’ . 21 1.9. Codex Yuta Tnoho, p. 45–IV: Ñuu Dzaui . 22 1.10. The twenty day signs of the Mexica and Ñuu Dzaui calendar . 23 1.11. The Mixtec year sign (cuiya) with the four ‘Year-bearers’ . 28 1.12. Day of the Dead: sharing a meal in the cemetery . 29 1.13. Themayordomo carrying his chest . 30 1.14. Cutting the fire wood for the fiesta . 30 1.15. Codex Añute, p. 8–IV: Lord 4 Wind ‘Fire Serpent’ (Yahui) and Lady 10 Flower ‘Spiderweb of Rain’ (Dzinduhua Dzavui) are seated on the marriage mat, and rule the Town of Flints (Ñuu Yuchi) . 32 1.16. Codex Tonindeye, p. 26–III (Top to Bottom): in the year 13 Reed [ad 1103], on the day 13 Serpent, Lord 8 Deer ‘Jaguar Claw’ marries Lady 13 Serpent [here erroneously written as 12 Serpent]. In the year 7 Rabbit [ad 1110] their first son, Lord 4 Dog ‘Coyote Catcher’ is born. In the year 9 Flint [ad 1112] Lord 4 Alligator ‘Sacred Serpent’ is born . 33 1.17. Examples of the quechquemitl (dzico) in Codex Yuta Tnoho . 35 1.18. Priests holding xicolli tunics (dzico) in Codex Tonindeye . 36 1.19. Codex Tonindeye, p. 50: a priest dressed as ‘Fire Serpent’ (Yahui) . 37 1.20. Codex Tonindeye, p. 32–II: Lord 2 Water and his ‘burning foot’ 39 2.1a. Map of Chiyo Cahnu (Teozacualco), left half . 44 2.1b. Map of Chiyo Cahnu (Teozacualco), right half . 45 2.2a: Codex Yecu showing the four directions: North and West (left half) . 62 2.2b. Codex Yecu showing the four directions: East and South (right half) . 63 2.3. Codex Ñuu Tnoo–Ndisi Nuu, p. 20–II: Lord 8 Grass (Malinaltzin) ‘Rain Sun’ and his wife Lady 9 Deer ‘Flower Ornament’, rulers of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco) . 67 x list of illustrations 2.4. Codex Tonindeye, p. 33: Lord 5 Flower of the Xipe Dynasty marries Lady 4 Rabbit ‘Quetzal’ (from Chiyo Cahnu) . 73 2.5. Lord 8 Deer (left) and Lady 6 Monkey (right) in Codex Ñuu Tnoo–Ndisi Nuu and Codex Añute, respectively . 75 2.6. Codex Iya Nacuaa II (Becker I), p. 8–I: funerary orchestra . 75 2.7. Final pages of the Codex Añute (or Codex Selden) . 81 2.8. Coat of Arms of Saha Yucu (Cuilapan), copy preserved in the collection of unpublished works of Manuel Martínez Gracida 87 2.9. Codex Iya Cochi (Becker II), p. 3 (Left to Right): intermar- riages between the local ruling lineage and the dynasties of other towns. Lord 5 Rain ‘Coyote Sun’ marries Lady ? Monkey ‘Jewel Arrow’ from Black Frieze, i.e. Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo). Their first daughter marries the ruler of Town of the Warband (pos- sibly Ñuu Yecu, Yauhtepec in the State of Guerrero), while the second marries Lord 3 Monkey, the ruler of Plain of the Eagle, i.e. Yodzo Yaha (Tecomaxtlahuaca). Their son, Lord 11 Flint ‘Eagle of Precious Feathers’, inherits the kingdom and marries Lady 13 Reed ‘Garland of Flowers’ from Altar of the Rosette. Their daughter, Lady 7 House, marries Lord 2 Rabbit, ruler of ‘Plain of the Year Sign, i.e. Yodzo Cuiya (Juxtlahuaca) . 90 2.10a. Map of Tuhu (Sosola), left half . 92 2.10b. Map of Tuhu (Sosola), right half . 93 3.1. Anders’ comparison of spirit figures with roots in the Codex Yuta Tnoho to the contemporary papercuttings from San Pablito . 122 4.1. Kaua Kandiui, the Mountain of Heaven, East of Yutsa Tohon (Apoala) . 129 4.2. Codex Yuta Tnoho, p. 35 (Lower Right to Lower Left, boustro- phedon): Invocation of the Ñuhu. The elderly couple Lord 1 Flower and Lady 13 Flower have a daughter, Lady 9 Alligator. The father speaks to Lord 9 Wind, who acts as a ‘marriage ambas- sador’ and visits Lord 5 Rain in the Place of Heaven. As a con- sequence of his mediation, Lord 5 Rain weds Lady 9 Alligator in River of the Hand Holding Feathers, i.e. Yuta Tnoho (Apoala) 130 4.3. Carved stone, representing a Ñuhu, set in the wall of the church of San Martín Huamelulpan . 131 4.4. Town of Flints . 135 4.5. Codex Añute, p. 8–IV: the birth of Lord 4 Wind ‘Fire Serpent’ in year 2 Flint [ad 1092] . 136 4.6. Codex Ñuu Tnoo–Ndisi Nuu, p. 7–III: Lord 5 Alligator ‘Rain Sun’ . 137 4.7. The Council of Four Priests in Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) . 139 4.8. Codex Añute, p. 7–III : Two priests (‘Long Hairs’) of Tocuisi (Zaachila) shout ‘knife, knife’ (yuchi yuchi) to Lady 6 Monkey, who is carried by two officials in the marriage procession . 144 4.9. Stone of Red and White Bundle (left) and Town of Red and White Bundle (right) . 155 list of illustrations xi 4.10. The market sign . 168 4.11. Codex Yuta Tnoho, p. 24 (Lower Right to Lower Left, boustro- phedon). Conversations of the Ñuhu in Yuta Tnoho (Apoala), conversations of Lord 9 Wind and Lord 2 Dog. Lord 9 Wind brings the Mushroom Ladies 4 Lizard and 11 Lizard. Rituals for the Dead, for Rain and Maize. Visionary ritual: Lord 9 Wind sings and produces funerary music with bones and skull. Eight Primordial Lords and Ladies consume pairs of (hallucino- genic) mushrooms. Their vision deals with the cradle and the town (the foundation of settlements), the mat and the throne (the city-states). After that, a priest enters the river or a cave in Yuta Tnoho (Apoala), to which the ‘market’ sign is added. Two Primordial Lords participate in the same ritual and receive the branch that the priest brought back from his visionary voyage . 170 6.1. Codex Ñuu Tnoo–Ndisi Nuu, p. 6–I: The ruler of Place of the River at the Foot of Curved Jaguar Mountain and Black Mountain (possibly Ayuta near Tilantongo), Lord 13 Dog ‘White Eagle’, marries Lady 1 Vulture ‘Rain Skirt’ (Huatu Dzavui, ‘Glory of the Rain God’). They have a son: Lord 5 Alligator ‘Rain Sun’ . 225 6.2. Codex Tonindeye, p. 5: the marriage of Lord 8 Wind ‘Eagle’ (else- where: ‘Twenty Eagles’) and Lady 10 Deer ‘Jaguar Quechquemitl’ (Dzico Ñaña, i.e.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Centro Cultural De La Raza Archives CEMA 12
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3j49q99g No online items Centro Cultural de la Raza Archives CEMA 12 Finding aid prepared by Project director Sal Güereña, principle processor Michelle Wilder, assistant processors Susana Castillo and Alexander Hauschild June, 2006. Collection was processed with support from the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS). Updated 2011 by Callie Bowdish and Clarence M. Chan UC Santa Barbara Library, Department of Special Collections University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California, 93106-9010 Phone: (805) 893-3062 Email: [email protected]; URL: http://www.library.ucsb.edu/special-collections © 2006 Centro Cultural de la Raza CEMA 12 1 Archives CEMA 12 Title: Centro Cultural de la Raza Archives Identifier/Call Number: CEMA 12 Contributing Institution: UC Santa Barbara Library, Department of Special Collections Language of Material: English Physical Description: 83.0 linear feet Date (inclusive): 1970-1999 Abstract: Slides and other materials relating to the San Diego artists' collective, co-founded in 1970 by Chicano poet Alurista and artist Victor Ochoa. Known as a center of indigenismo (indigenism) during the Aztlán phase of Chicano art in the early 1970s. (CEMA 12). Physical location: All processed material is located in Del Norte and any uncataloged material (silk screens) is stored in map drawers in CEMA. General Physical Description note: (153 document boxes and 5 oversize boxes). creator: Centro Cultural de la Raza (San Diego, Calif.). Access Restrictions None. Publication Rights Copyright resides with donor. Copyright has not been assigned to the Department of Special Collections, UCSB. All Requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Head of Special Collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Cerro Danush: an Exploration of the Late Classic Transition in the Tlacolula Valley, Oaxaca
    FAMSI © 2008: Ronald Faulseit Cerro Danush: An Exploration of the Late Classic Transition in the Tlacolula Valley, Oaxaca. Research Year: 2007 Culture: Zapotec Chronology: Late Classic Location: Oaxaca Valley, México Site: Dainzú-Macuilxóchitl Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Introduction Notes on Dating and Ceramic Phases for the Valley of Oaxaca Project Goals and Theoretical Approach Field Operations 2007 – 2008 Introduction Site Mapping Procedures Discussion of Features Mapped on Cerro Danush Rock Paintings Natural Springs Caves Man-Made Terraces Surface Collection Procedures Artifact Analysis Procedures 1 Initial Conclusions and Interpretations Cerro Danush in the Late Postclassic Period, A.D. 1200-1521 Cerro Danush: Ritual Landscape and the Festival of the Cross Cerro Danush in the Early Postclassic Period, A.D. 900 – 1200 The Oaxaca Valley in the Late Classic Period, A.D. 500 – 900 Dainzú-Macuilxóchitl in the Late Classic Period, A.D. 500 – 900 Dainzú-Macuilxóchitl as a District Center List of Figures Sources Cited Abstract This report describes and provides preliminary interpretations for the 2007-2008 field season of mapping and surface collection conducted on Cerro Danush at the site of Dainzú-Macuilxóchitl in Oaxaca, Mexico. Dainzú-Macuilxóchitl is an expansive settlement that was an important part of the Prehispanic Zapotec tradition. Over 130 man-made terraces were mapped, all dating to the Late Classic period (500-900 A.D.), and a large terrace complex found at the summit of Cerro Danush is interpreted as the civic-ceremonial center of the site during that time. I argue that the Late Classic shift in civic-ceremonial focus away from Cerro Dainzú to Cerro Danush implies direct involvement at the site from the nearby urban center of Monte Albán.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
    Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2018 The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon Christian Calienes The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2526 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon By Christian Calienes A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2018 i © 2018 CHRISTIAN CALIENES All Rights Reserved ii The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon by Christian Calienes This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Earth & Environmental Sciences in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Inés Miyares Chair of Examining Committee Date Cindi Katz Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Inés Miyares Thomas Angotti Mark Ungar THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon By Christian Calienes Advisor: Inés Miyares The resistance movement that resulted in the Baguazo in the northern Peruvian Amazon in 2009 was the culmination of a series of social, economic, political and spatial processes that reflected the Peruvian nation’s engagement with global capitalism and democratic consolidation after decades of crippling instability and chaos.
    [Show full text]
  • The Carved Human Femprs from Tomb 1, Chiapa De Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico
    PAPERS of the NEW WOR LD ARCHAEOLO G ICAL FOUNDATION NUMBER SIX THE CARVED HUMAN FEMPRS FROM TOMB 1, CHIAPA DE CORZO, CHIAPAS, MEXICO by PIERRE AGRINIER PUBLICATION No. 5 NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION ORINDA, CALIFORNIA 1960 NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION 1960 OFFICERS THOMAS STUART FERGUSON, President 1 Irving Lane, Orinda, California ALFRED V. KIDDER, PH.D., First Vice-President MILTON R. HUNTER, PH.D., Vice-President ScoTT H. DUNHAM, Secretary-Treasurer J. ALDEN MASON, PH.D., Editor and Field Advisor GARETH W. LowE, Field Director, 1956-1959 FREDRICK A. PETERSON, Field Director, 1959-1960 DIRECTORS ADVISORY COMMITTEE SCOTT H. DUNHAM, C.P.A. PEDRO ARMILLAS, PH.D. THOMAS STUART FERGUSON, ESQ. GORDON F. EKHOLM, PH.D. M. WELLS JAKEMAN, PH.D. J. POULSON HUNTER, M.D. ALFRED V. KIDDER, PH.D. MILTON R. HUNTER, PH.D. ALFRED V. KIDDER, PH.D. EDITORIAL OFFICE NICHOLAS G. MORGAN, SR. ALDEN MASON LE GRAND RICHARDS J. UNIVERSITY MUSEUM ERNEST A. STRONG UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Philadelphia 4, Pa. J. ALDEN MASON EDITOR Orders for and correspondence regarding the publications of The New World Archaeological Foundation should be sent to SCOTT H. DUNHAM, Secretary 510 Crocker Building San Francisco 4, California Price $2.00 Printed by THE LEGAL INTELLIGENCER Philadelphia 4, Pa. PAPERS of the NEW WOR LD ARCHAEOLO G ICAL FOUNDATION NUMBER SIX THE CARVED HUMAN FEMURS FROM TOMB 1, CHIAP A DE CORZO, CHIAPAS, MEXICO by PIERRE AGRINIER PUB LICATION No. 5 NEW WoRLD ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION ORINDA, CALIFORNIA 1960 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 I. DESCRIPTION ..•...........•......................•... 2 Bone 1 .................................... 2 Bone 2 2 Bone 3 2 Bone 4 3 Technique ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Michael M. Hobby, June M. Hobby, and Troy J
    Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011 Volume 8 Number 1 Article 12 1996 Michael M. Hobby, June M. Hobby, and Troy J. Smith. Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America V. Garth Norman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/msr BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Norman, V. Garth (1996) "Michael M. Hobby, June M. Hobby, and Troy J. Smith. Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America," Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011: Vol. 8 : No. 1 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/msr/vol8/iss1/12 This Historical and Cultural Studies is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011 by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Title Author(s) V. Garth Norman Reference FARMS Review of Books 8/1 (1996): 112–17. ISSN 1099-9450 (print), 2168-3123 (online) Abstract Review of Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America (1994), by Michael M. Hobby, June M. Hobby, and Troy J. Smith. Michael M. Hobby, June M. Hobby, and Troy J. Smith. Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America. Coto Laurel, Puerto Rico: Zarahemla Foundation, 1994. 81 pp. $6.95 Reviewed by V. Garth Norman This publication by the Zarahemla Foundation (ZF, not to be confused with the Zarahemla Research Foundation), with Michael M . Hobby as director and principal author, purports to enlighten Book of Mormon students by revealing startling di scoveries on the realities of Book of Mormon geography and history.
    [Show full text]
  • Stear Dissertation COGA Submission 26 May 2015
    BEYOND THE FIFTH SUN: NAHUA TELEOLOGIES IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES By ©Copyright 2015 Ezekiel G. Stear Submitted to the graduate degree program in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson, Santa Arias ________________________________ Verónica Garibotto ________________________________ Patricia Manning ________________________________ Rocío Cortés ________________________________ Robert C. Schwaller Date Defended: May 6, 2015! ii The Dissertation Committee for Ezekiel G. Stear certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: BEYOND THE FIFTH SUN: NAHUA TELEOLOGIES IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES ________________________________ Chairperson, Santa Arias Date approved: May 6, 2015 iii Abstract After the surrender of Mexico-Tenochtitlan to Hernán Cortés and his native allies in 1521, the lived experiences of the Mexicas and other Nahuatl-speaking peoples in the valley of Mexico shifted radically. Indigenous elites during this new colonial period faced the disappearance of their ancestral knowledge, along with the imposition of Christianity and Spanish rule. Through appropriations of linear writing and collaborative intellectual projects, the native population, in particular the noble elite sought to understand their past, interpret their present, and shape their future. Nahua traditions emphasized balanced living. Yet how one could live out that balance in unknown times ahead became a topic of ongoing discussion in Nahua intellectual communities, and a question that resounds in the texts they produced. Writing at the intersections of Nahua studies, literary and cultural history, and critical theory, in this dissertation I investigate how indigenous intellectuals in Mexico-Tenochtitlan envisioned their future as part of their re-evaluations of the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Universität Duisburg-Essen
    Jan Tent The Structure of Deictic Day-Names Systems: Evidence for Universal and Culture-Specific Conceptualisations of Diurnal Division of the Time Continuum? Series A: General & Theoretical Papers ISSN 1435-6473 Essen: LAUD 1998 (2nd ed. with divergent page numbering 2007) Paper No. 435 Universität Duisburg-Essen Jan Tent Macquarie University, Australia The Structure of Deictic Day-Names Systems: Evidence for Universal and Culture-Specific Conceptualisations of Diurnal Division of the Time Continuum? Copyright by the author Reproduced by LAUD 1998 (2nd ed. with divergent page numbering 2007) Linguistic Agency Series A University of Duisburg-Essen General and Theoretical FB Geisteswissenschaften Paper No. 435 Universitätsstr. 12 D- 45117 Essen Order LAUD-papers online: http://www.linse.uni-due.de/linse/laud/index.html Or contact: [email protected] Jan Tent THE STRUCTURE OF DEICTIC DAY-NAME SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FOR UNIVERSAL AND CULTURE-SPECIFIC CONCEPTUALISATIONS OF DIURNAL DIVISION OF THE TIME CONTINUUM? Abstract. This paper is a cross linguistic study examining the structure of deictic day-name systems of 157 of the world's languages. Most of these systems reveal a recurring structural symmetry in the number of diurnal units identified either side of 'today'. As well as this type of numerical symmetry, most languages exhibit a morphological symmetry, and several a lexical symmetry. A small number of languages have numerically and/or morphologically asymmetrical systems. The nature of these symmetries and asymmetries in the light of linguistic relativity is briefly explored. 1. Introduction In the discussion of calendric units, in his now famous Santa Cruz Lectures on Deixis, Charles Fillmore (1975:47) mentions that many languages have a rich set of lexicalisations for deictic day-names.
    [Show full text]
  • The Toro Historical Review
    THE TORO HISTORICAL REVIEW Native Communities in Colonial Mexico Under Spanish Colonial Rule Vannessa Smith THE TORO HISTORICAL REVIEW Prior to World War II and the subsequent social rights movements, historical scholarship on colonial Mexico typically focused on primary sources left behind by Iberians, thus revealing primarily Iberian perspectives. By the 1950s, however, the approach to covering colonial Mexican history changed with the scholarship of Charles Gibson, who integrated Nahuatl cabildo records into his research on Tlaxcala.1 Nevertheless, in his subsequent book The Aztecs under Spanish Rule Gibson went back to predominantly Spanish sources and thus an Iberian lens to his research.2 It was not until the 1970s and 80s that U.S. scholars, under the leadership of James Lockhart, developed a methodology called the New Philology, which focuses on native- language driven research on colonial Mexican history.3 The New Philology has become an important research method in the examination of native communities and the ways in which they changed and adapted to Spanish rule while also holding on to some of their own social and cultural practices and traditions. This historiography focuses on continuities and changes in indigenous communities, particularly the evolution of indigenous socio-political structures and socio-economic relationships under Spanish rule, in three regions of Mexico: Central Mexico, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Pre-Conquest Community Structure As previously mentioned, Lockhart provided the first scholarship following the New Philology methodology in the United States and applied it to Central Mexico. In his book, The Nahuas After the Conquest, Lockhart lays out the basic structure of Nahua communities in great detail.4 The Nahua, the prominent indigenous group in Central Mexico, organized into communities called altepetl.
    [Show full text]
  • The Finding and Founding of Mexico Tenochtitlan
    THE FINDING AND FOUNDING OF MEXICO TENOCHTITLAN From the Crónica Mexicayotl, by Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc Translation and notes by Thelma D. Sullivan TRANSLATOR'S NOTE The Crónica Mexicayotl, written in 1609 by Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc, a grandson of Moctezuma on his mother's side and a great grandson of Axayacati on his father's, is one of the great documents of Nahuatl lore. His account of the emergence of the Aztecs from Aztlan-Chicomortoc, their peregrinations and the vicissitudes of their fortune while being driven on by their god, Hnizilopochtli, until they finally reached Tenochtitlan is not only a mine of mythico-historical data but also a saga of true literary merit and heroic dimensions. In the translation I am offering here, which as far as I know is the first in English, I have selected and threaded together only those texts which, in my opinion, narrate the events that directly led the Aztecs to the finding of their promised land. I have not, in any way, altered the sequence of events as they appear in the text. A Spanish translation of the Crónica Mexicayotl by Adrián León was published by the UNAM in 1949. In the opinion of A. M. Garibay, León's translation ". no da al público en general la com- prensión exigida, ya no solamente para aprovechar el dato escueto para la historia, pero ni siquiera la recta inteligencia del texto:"* Nahuatl scholars who compare the two versions will discover some differences between mine and León's, and I believe that my translation will clarify a number of texts that have long puzzled them.
    [Show full text]
  • Encounter with the Plumed Serpent
    Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez ENCOUNTENCOUNTEERR withwith thethe Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica Preface Encounter WITH THE plumed serpent i Mesoamerican Worlds From the Olmecs to the Danzantes GENERAL EDITORS: DAVÍD CARRASCO AND EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Apotheosis of Janaab’ Pakal: Science, History, and Religion at Classic Maya Palenque, GERARDO ALDANA Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica, NANCY GONLIN AND JON C. LOHSE, EDITORS Eating Landscape: Aztec and European Occupation of Tlalocan, PHILIP P. ARNOLD Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures, Revised Edition, ANTHONY AVENI Encounter with the Plumed Serpent: Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica, MAARTEN JANSEN AND GABINA AURORA PÉREZ JIMÉNEZ In the Realm of Nachan Kan: Postclassic Maya Archaeology at Laguna de On, Belize, MARILYN A. MASSON Life and Death in the Templo Mayor, EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Madrid Codex: New Approaches to Understanding an Ancient Maya Manuscript, GABRIELLE VAIL AND ANTHONY AVENI, EDITORS Mesoamerican Ritual Economy: Archaeological and Ethnological Perspectives, E. CHRISTIAN WELLS AND KARLA L. DAVIS-SALAZAR, EDITORS Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage: Teotihuacan to the Aztecs, DAVÍD CARRASCO, LINDSAY JONES, AND SCOTT SESSIONS Mockeries and Metamorphoses of an Aztec God: Tezcatlipoca, “Lord of the Smoking Mirror,” GUILHEM OLIVIER, TRANSLATED BY MICHEL BESSON Rabinal Achi: A Fifteenth-Century Maya Dynastic Drama, ALAIN BRETON, EDITOR; TRANSLATED BY TERESA LAVENDER FAGAN AND ROBERT SCHNEIDER Representing Aztec Ritual: Performance, Text, and Image in the Work of Sahagún, ELOISE QUIÑONES KEBER, EDITOR The Social Experience of Childhood in Mesoamerica, TRACI ARDREN AND SCOTT R. HUTSON, EDITORS Stone Houses and Earth Lords: Maya Religion in the Cave Context, KEITH M.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael E. Smith Curriculum Vitae for Posting Feb
    Michael E. Smith Curriculum Vitae For Posting Feb. 1, 2020 Email: [email protected] Home page: https://asu.academia.edu/MichaelESmith ResearcherID: A-2935-2008; ORCID identification no: 0000-0002-0677-8206; Scopus: 55495919500 Address School of Human Evolution & Social Change Phone: 480-727-9520 (office) Box 872402 480-272-3308 (cell) Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-2402 Office: SHESC-104C Education • Ph.D., Anthropology, 1983: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (8/79 - 8/82). • MA, Anthropology, 1979: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (8/75 - 12/78). • BA, Anthropology, 1975: Brandeis University, Waltham, MA (9/71 - 12/74); (degree awarded Magna Cum Laude with Highest Honors in Anthropology. Present Positions • Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University (2005 - ). • Director, ASU Teotihuacan Research Laboratory (2015 - ). • Affiliated faculty, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, ASU (2013 - ). • Core faculty, Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity (2013 - ). • Fellow, ASU-SFI Center for Biosocial Complex Systems (2014 - ). • Investigador especial, El Colegio Mexiquense (2007 - ). Past Academic Positions • University at Albany, SUNY, Department of Anthropology: Professor, 1996-2005; Associate Professor, 1991-1996. • Loyola University of Chicago, Department of Sociology and Anthropology: Associate Professor, 1988-1990; Assistant Professor, 1983-1988; Lecturer, 1982. Visiting Academic Positions • Aarhus University, Centre for Urban Network Evolutions (School of Culture and Society), Visiting Professor, April – July, 2018. • University of Bonn, Research Training Group 1878, Archaeology of Pre-Modern Economies. Mercator Fellow, May – July, 2017. Research Areas • Mesoamerican archaeology and ethnohistory: Specialist in Aztecs and Teotihuacan. • Comparative urbanism: Premodern neighborhoods & urban life; urban scaling of premodern cities; modern relevance of ancient cities.
    [Show full text]