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Prioritas Pemeliharaan Jalan Pada Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek Berdasarkan Tingkat Kerusakan Dan Segi Ekonomi

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Prioritas Pemeliharaan Jalan Pada Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek Berdasarkan Tingkat Kerusakan Dan Segi Ekonomi JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 1, No. 1, (2015) 1-6 PRIORITAS PEMELIHARAAN JALAN PADA JALAN TOL JAKARTA-CIKAMPEK BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KERUSAKAN DAN SEGI EKONOMI Iis Inayah, Hera Widyastuti Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil & Perencanaan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111 E-mail: [email protected] Abstrak— Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek (www.jasamarga.com).Semakin padat lalu lintas yang merupakan prasarana transportasi yang memiliki melintasi perkerasan jalan tersebut maka lapisan peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di perkerasan jalan akan mengalami penurunan tingkat Indonesia. Namun sebagai prasarana yang penting jalan pelayanan akibat beban berlebih yang ditransfer tol memiliki kinerja yang kurang optimal karena adanya memalui roda kendaraan [2] (Sukirman, kerusakan jalan. Volume dan jenis kerusakan yang yang terjadi pada setiap sub ruasnya berbeda-beda. Sehingga 1999).Menurunnya tingkat pelayanan jalan salah dalam studi ini dilakukan penentuan prioritas satunya ditandai dengan adanya kerusakan pada lapisan pemeliharaan jalan pada Ruas Jalan Tol Jakarta- permukaan. Untuk menjaga agar jalan tol tetap Cikampek. Untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kerusakan jalan memenuhi standar pelayanan minimal maka diperlukan metode yang digunakan adalah metode Pavement adanya upaya pemeliharaan jalan. Condition Index (PCI) dan segi ekonomi dievaluasi Dengan adanya fakta bahwa Jalan Tol Jakarta- dengan Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) dan Net Present Value Cikampek mengalami banyak kerusakan dan (NPV) serta dengan mempertimbangan jumlah Lalu merupakan salah satu jalan tol terpadat maka untuk Lintas Harian Rata-rata Tahunan (LHRT). Dari hasil menjaga kinerja jalan tol tersebut agar tetap baik maka analisa dan pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa nilai dibutuhkan urutan prioritas pemeliharaan jalan yang PCI per sub ruas berkisar antara 40,5-100 dengan kualifikasi kondisi perkerasan mulai dari buruk sampai tepat dilihat dari tingkat kerusakan dan segi ekonomi. sempurna. Nilai BCR berkisar antara 0,00-3,99 dan nilai Untuk itu sebelum melakukan pemeliharaan pada Ruas NPV berkisar dari –Rp.30.757.590.370 sampai Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek perlu dilakukan analisa Rp.23.286.032.905. LHRT antara 16.000- 80.000. Setelah dari tingkat kerusakan maupun segi ekonomi untuk diketahui nilai dari setiap kriteria diberikan score dan menentukan prioritas sub ruas manakah yang bobot. Dari hasil analisa dan pembahasan bahwa Sub memerlukan pemeliharaan lebih dahulu. Tingkat Ruas Cikarang Timur-Karawang Barat arah Cikampek kerusakan dilihat dari nilai kondisi jalan yang dihitung menuju Jakarta (B) perlu mendapatkan pemeliharaan dengan menggunakan metode Pavment Condition terlebih dahulu. Index (PCI). Dari segi ekonomi dianalisa dengan menghitung Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) dan Net Present Kata Kunci: Jalan Tol, Tingkat Kerusakan Jalan, Value (NPV), serta dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah Pavement Condition Index (PCI), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present value (NPV) Lalu Lintas Harian Rata-rata Tahunan (LHRT). II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Jalan Tol Jakarta Cikampek Terdiri dari 22 sub ruas I. PENDAHULUAN Infrastruktur jalan merupakan salah satu yang memerlukan pemeliharaan yaitu 11 sub ruas arah prasarana fisik transportasi yang memegang peranan Jakarta menuju Cikampek (A) dan 11 sub ruas arah yang sangat penting. Sebagai prasarana fisik, Cikampek menuju Jakarta (B). Namun untuk infrastruktur jalan memegang peranan yang sangat mengoptimalkan kinerja perkerasan sub ruas maka penting di bidang perhubungan, terutama untuk penentuan prioritas pemeliharaan jalan sangat penting. mendistribusikan barang dan jasa. Namun bidang Penentuan prioritas dianalisa dari tingkat kerusakan transportasi di Indonesia memiliki permasalahan utama jalan dengan penilaian kondisi perkerasan metode yaitu kerusakan jalan. Kerusakan jalan di Indonesia Pavement Condition Index (PCI), dan segi ekonomi terjadi karena memburuknya kondisi perkerasan jalan berdasarkan nilai BCR dan NPV. yang diakibatkan beban yang melebihi beban rencana . 1. Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Hal Tersebut tidak hanya terjadi di jalan raya namun Pavement Condition Index (PCI) adalah sistem termasuk di jalan tol. Salah satunya adalah Jalan Tol penilaian kondisi perkerasan jalan berdasarkan jenis, Jakarta-Cikampek yang merupakan salah satu jalan tol tingkat dan luas kerusakan yang terjadi, dan dapat terpadat dengan volume lalu lintas harian rata-rata digunakan sebagai acuan dalam usaha pemeliharaan [3] mencapai 552.322 kendaraan/hari pada tahun 2013 [1] (ASTM D 6433 – 07). 1 JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 1, No. 1, (2015) 1-6 2 A. Jenis-Jenis Kerusakan Perkerasan Jalan dan tingkat kerusakan yang ada pada suatu unit Jenis dan tingkat kerusakan perkerasan untuk penelitian. jalan raya ada 19 kerusakan (Shahin,1996) Yaitu: e. Corrected Deduct Value (CDV) Retak Kulit Buaya (Alligator cracking), Kegemukan, Corrected Deduct Value (CDV) diperoleh dari Retak blok, Kriting, Amblas (Depression), Cacat tepi kurva hubungan antara nilai TDV dengan nilai CDV perkerasan, Retak refleksi, Penurunan pada bahu jalan, dengan pemilihan lengkung kurva sesuai dengan Retak memanjang dan melintang, Tambalan dan jumlah nilai individual deduct value yang mempunyai Tambalan Galian Utilitas (Patching and Utility Cut nilai lebih besar dari 2. Jika nilai CDV telah diketahui, Patching), Agergat licin, Lubang (Potholes), maka nilai PCI Perlintasan jalan rel, Alur, Sungkur (Shoving), Retak f. Pavement Condition Index (PCI ) bulan sabit, Mengembang, Pelepasan Butir Untuk tiap unit dapat diketahui dengan rumus: (Weathering/Raveling). PCI (s) = 100 – CDV (3) dengan: B. Tingkat Kerusakan (Severity Level) PCI (s) = Pavement Condition Index untuk tiap unit Severity Level adalah tingkat kerusakan pada CDV = Corrected Deduct Value untuk tiap unit Untuk tiap-tiap jenis kerusakan. Tingkat kerusakan yang g. Klasifikasi Kualitas Perkerasan digunakan dalam perhitungan PCI adalah low severity Dari nilai (PCI) untuk masing-masing unit level (L), medium severity level (M), dan high severity penelitian dapat diketahui kualitas lapis perkerasan unit level (H). segmen berdasarkan kondisi tertentu yaitu sempurna (excellent), sangat baik (very good), baik (good), C. Penilaian Kondisi Perkerasan sedang (fair), jelek (poor), sangat jelek (very poor), dan a. Menentukan Minimum sampel Unit gagal (failed). Perhitungan minimum sampel 2. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) Untuk menentukan layak atau tidaknya pemeliharaan pada penanganan tiap tuas jalan secara Dimana= ×( : ) N = Unit sampel ekonomi, maka diperlukan adanya analisa ekonomi S = Standar deviasi untuk perkerasan aspal dengan metode Benefit Cost Ratio ( BCR) dimana E = Nilai kesalahan yang diijinkan prinsipnya dalam memilih beberapa alternatif, metode Interval sampel ditentukan dengan rumus ini membandinkan besarnya pemeliharaan, yang dikeluarkan terhadap penghematan . Pada analisa ini perumusan yang digunakan Dimana : adalah: i == Interval tiap unit sampel n = Minimum Sampel 1 N = Unit sampel Dimana: ( ) = ( ) ≥ b. Density (Kadar Kerusakan) Manfaat = Δ BOK = BOK eksisting – BOK kondisi Density atau kadar kerusakan adalah persen- tase baru luasan dari suatu jenis kerusakan terhadap luasan suatu BOK = Biaya Operasional Kendaraan Metode unit segmen yang diukur dalam meter persegi atau Jasa Marga [5] (Tamin, 2000) meter panjang. Nilai density suatu jenis kerusakan Biaya = Biaya pemeliharaan dibedakan juga berdasarkan tingkat kerusakannya. Jika diperoleh harga BCR > 1, maka alternatif tersebut Rumus mencari nilai density: dapat dipilih untuk dilaksanakan. Jika nilai BCR < 1 , maka akan lebih baik dan akan dengan: menguntungkan untuk membiarkaan seperti adanya. = 100% Ad = luas total jenis kerusakan untuk tiap tingkat 3. Menghitung Nilai Net Present Value (NPV) kerusakan (m2) Perumusan : As = luas total unit segmen (m2) NPV = B-C c. Deduct Value (Nilai Pengurangan) Dimana : Deduct Value adalah nilai pengurangan untuk B = Benefit Annual tiap jenis kerusakan yang diperoleh dari kurva C = Biaya Maintenance hubungan antara density dan deduct value. Deduct value juga dibedakan atas tingkat kerusakan untuk tiap- 4. Volume Kendaraan tiap jenis kerusakan. Volume Kendaraan adalah jumlah kendaraan yang d. Total Deduct Value (TDV) melewati suatu ruas jalan. Untuk menganalisa Total Deduct Value (TDV) adalah nilai total dari volume lau lintas jalan. Jenis kendaraan yang individual deduct value untuk tiap jenis keru- sakan digunakan dalam analisa ditabelkan pada Tabel Jenis Kendaraan JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 1, No. 1, (2015) 1-6 3 Tabel Jenis Kendaraan IV. ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN Pengolongan Penggolonga Lokasi penelitian yang ditinjau adalah Jalan Tol Jenis Kendaraan Lama n Baru Jakarta-Cikampek digambarkan pada gambar Ruas Jalan Sedan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek. I Jip Pick Up/Truk kecil I Bus Kecil Bus Besar Iia Truk 2 as 4 roda II Truk 2 as 6 roda Truk 3 as III Truk 4 as IIb IV Truk 5 as atau lebih V Sumber: [6] Hermawan, 2009 III. METODOLOGI Tahapan ditunjukkan oleh Gambar Alur Metodologi Mulai Ruas Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek Dari hasil analisa dan pembahansan dalam [7] Studi Literatur (Inayah, 2015) maka kondisi perkerasan jalan ditabelkan Tabel Kondisi Perkerasan Jalan. Pengumpulan data Tabel Kondisi Perkerasan Jalan Kondisi No Sub Ruas PCI Perkerasan 1 A (Cawang-Pondok Sempurna Data Skunder: Data Primer: 1 100 Data Eksisting Jalan Kuisioner Gede Barat) (Excellent) 2 A ( Pondok Gede Sempurna Jenis-Jenis dan perbandingan tiap 2 Barat-Pondok Gede 100 (Excellent) Volume Kerusakan ruas Timur) Data Volume Lalu 3 A (Pondok
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