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Economics Development Analysis Journal 10 (1) (2021) Economics Development Analysis Journal 10 (1) (2021) Economics Development Analysis Journal http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj Socioeconomy Conditions After The Development of Toll Roads in Salatiga Grace Natalia Marpaung1, Etty Soesilowati2, Yozi Aulia Rahman3, Yustiko Arvan Gilang Pangestu4, Tania Wicaksana5 1,2,3,4,5Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang Article Info Abstract ________________ ____________________________________________________________ History of Article In Central Java, one of supporting factors of regional economic growth viewed from regional Received October 2020 facilities and infrastructures is toll road facilities. Transjawa toll road is a network that connects Accepted December 2020 several cities in Java. Particularly, this toll road connects two biggest cities in Indonesia, namely Pusblished February 2021 Jakarta and Surabaya in which Salatiga is also one of cities traversed by this toll. This ±1.000 km ________________ toll road continues the previous toll roads that have existed, including Merak – Cikampek, Jakarta Keywords: – Bandung, Semarang – Bawen, and Surabaya – Pandaan. Despite the positive impacts, Transjawa construction, toll road, socio- toll road also gives negative impacts for local communities. Thus, this study aimed (1) to find out economic, farmers, MSMEs. the socioeconomic condition of farmers after Transjawa toll road construction in Salatiga and (2) __________________ to find out the socioeconomic condition of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) after Transjawa toll road construction in Salatiga. This study used qualitative and quantitative data taken from from 30 main respondents. The construction of transjawa toll road in Salatiga region brings good effects. It was proved by the better condition of socioeconomic and income of farmers and MSME doers in Salatiga region after the construction of this toll road. © 2021 Universitas Negeri Semarang Corresponding author : ISSN 2252-6560 Address: Fakultas ekonomi unnes, Gedung L2, Lt 2 E-mail: [email protected] 86 Grace Natalia Marpaung, et.al / Economics Development Analysis Journal 10 (1) (2021) INTRODUCTION In Central Java, the total length of toll road from Brebes to Sragen reaches 301.85 km The increase in community economy and and passes Pejagan – Pemalang, Pemalang – welfare becomes the main goal of development Batang, Batang – Semarang, Semarang – Solo, and construction, especially for a developing and Solo – Ngawi. The land condemnation for country like Indonesia. With more than 17.000 Pejagan – Pemalang spanning 60.25 km in islands, Indonesia obviously needs a lot of length is 432.92 hectares with an estimated cost construction to achieve the goals and ideas in of Rp 1.42 trillion., Pemalang – Batang with accordance with preamble of 1945 Constitution 45.65 km requires 322 hectares with estimated (UUD). To achieve the goals, aforethought is cost of Rp 1.48 trillion. In addition, Batang – necessary in all of sectors. The important factors Semarang with 81.36 km needs 678.6 hectares to support the development is adequate and condemnation with cost of Rp 5.7 trillion, good infrastructures, including road Semarang – Solo toll road of 73.53 km needs (Novenanto, 2018). Road is a vital object of 705.76 hectares of land with cost of 2.54 trillion. development which mobilizes and distributes all Lastly, Solo – Ngawi of 54.05 km requires of supporting matters of development. Either 487.39 hectares with estimated cost of 2.97 national, provincial, or village sub-districts roads trillion. in remote areas highly support all activities Transjawa toll road infrastructures related to development. To accelerate the obviously bring a lot of benefits, such as mobility of vehicles and communities, toll road speeding travels up fast, safely, comfortable, and is a prestigious option for many people. providing beautiful views. Not to mention, fast The infrastructure of toll road in a transportation will give better products region or area can be a benchmark of distribution as well as Transjawa toll road. It development progress both macro and micro. provides great influences for local industry Toll road also can facilitate a country or region development, such as increasing property values to meet an advanced and dynamic civilization. and connectivity and reducing traffic jam in the If the community can easily mobilize, the Java northern sea road pantura road (Hapsari et economy will be easily developed. In addition, al, 2019). The acting official of head of Central toll road will also encourage investment growth Java One Stop Integrated Investment Service in the region or areas passed by the toll. confirms that investment in Central Java will Toll road construction becomes a continuously increase along with investors phenomenon that brings social changes for the increase due to Transjawa toll road community both in economy or environment. construction. The strategic location of Central According to Soekanto (2015), environment java has big appeal for investor candidates due changes affect many changes in social values, to its various export choices. It can be through social norms, structure of social institutions, Jakarta, Surabaya, or Semarang. social classes, power and authority, social Infrastructure construction is believed interaction, and so on. For instance, to encourage social changes and provide infrastructure construction will encourage opportunities of accessibility that foster mobility changes in livelihoods, incomes, social status, to reach an optimal economic growth and etc (Handoyo et al, 2018) distribution of a region. Farhadi (73: 2015) says Transjawa toll road connects may cities that there are at least, 3 main roles expected in Java. It links 2 biggest cities in Java, namely from transportation for economic growth. First, Jakarta and Surabaya. The road spanning improving the access of goods and services. The ±1.000 km in length continues the existing toll existence of good transportation infrastructure roads such as Merak – Cikampek, Jakarta – surely will improve economic activities in a Bandung, Semarang – Salatiga, and Surabaya – region linked by the infrastructure. The mobility Pandaan. of people and goods becomes the key to 87 Grace Natalia Marpaung, et.al / Economics Development Analysis Journal 10 (1) (2021) economic activities between regions. For more, Indonesia. Why? Java island has ± 6% of the transportation infrastructure also eases total area in Indonesia, yet it becomes the distribution access of goods and services, national food barn. It can be seen through the consequently the economic equality between following table 2. regions will be reached. Second, increasing Table 1. Progress of Transjawa Toll Road market movement. The existence of Physic and Land Procurement in Central Java transportation infrastructure makes the Province marketing of goods and services will not be Status in January 12th, 2018 centered in one location and production, but also in locations passed by the existing Estimated Remaining Materials transportation system. Third, saving the time No Toll Road Lanes Land Cost and reducing production cost. It goes without Area (HA) saying, transportation infrastructure will save (Rp, M) Pejagan - the time of distribution since for economy, time 1 122.46.00 729.12.00 is money. Pemalang Pemalang - Despite its positive impacts, Transjawa 2 279.53.00 656.64 toll road also has negative impacts. First, the Batang Batang - construction of Transjawa toll road certainly 3 531.50.00 2237.81 displaces productive agriculture and plantation Semarang land. Rice fields is also not owned by individual 4 Semarang - Solo 92.43.00 412.32.00 Solo - communities or companies. If the affected land 5 66.46.00 52.42.00 is productive rice fields, it will certainly affect Mantingan local or even national rice production (Pugh, Total 1042.38.00 4088.31.00 2009). Source: Central Java Regional Secretariat for According to Siddiq (2016), toll road Infrastructure and Natural Resources construction has social impacts for farmers. It In table 2, Badan Pusat Statistik has can decrease the number of farmers as the result released the data of harvested area and rice of commitment erosion symptoms towards production in Indonesia in 2018 by improving lands and agricultural activities. Some of them production data calculation using Area Sample will look for other jobs, yet the number of Framework (KSA) method. Through this unemployment will increase. The construction method, the production of Dry Unhusked Rice also narrows the land of agriculture due to the (GKG) in January – September 2018 has land condemnation. It surely affects production reached 49.57 million tons of 9.54 million and productivity of agriculture. Ikhwan and hectares of harvested area with Java province Nugroho (2019) confirm that one of negative dominating this rice production. impacts occurs in Brebes Regency, especially for Rice production in 6 provinces in Java MSMEs doers is the decrease in turnovers of island reached 28.08 million or 56% of national regional superior products, such as salted eggs total rice production. East Java, Central Java, and shallots. This happens as toll road is and West Java were in top list as national rice considered to be faster, so people prefer using it barn with production of 9.31 million tons, 8.75 as the alternative. million tons, and 8.1 million tons, respectively. Based on table 1, the total of land Unfortunately, the area of national rice barn requirement for toll road is 1042.38
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