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Download Download Efficient Vol 3 (2) (2020): 768-779 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/efficient.v3i2.39298 EFFICIENT Indonesian Journal of Development Economics https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/efficient The Income Analysis and Development Strategy of Durian Farming Georgius Lingga Prasto¹, Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti² Development Economic Study Program, Economics Faculty, Semarang State University Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/efficient.v3i2.39298 Received: December 2019 ; Accepted: March 2020 ; Published: June 2020 Abstract The purpose of this study was analyzing durian arming, formulated the strategy to develop durian farming, and knowing the problems also the alternative solution to develop durian farming in Jambu district Semarang Regency . The data analysis method in this research uses income analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The type of data used are primary data and secondary data, primary data obtained from observations, interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data are obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Department of Agriculture. The results showed that the income of durian farming in Jambu District was still profitable, namely Rp. 25,714,063 with an R / C Ratio of 3.86 which showed that durian farming in Jambu District was profitable. The results of the AHP analysis showed that the first development strategies were aspects of cultivation (51%), marketing (21.3%), production factors (16.4%), post-harvest (6%), and institutional humidity (5.1%). Keywords: Durian Farming, Income Analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pendapatan usahatani durian, memformulasikan strategi pengembangan usahatani durian, dan mengetahui hambatan serta solusi alternative pengembangan usahatani durian di Kecamatan Jambu Kabupaten Semarang. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis pendapatan dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder, data primer di dapatkan dari observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner, sedangkan data sekunder didapat dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Dinas Pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan usahatani durian di Kecamatan Jambu masih menguntungkan yaitu sebesar Rp 25.714.063 dengan R/C Ratio 3.85 yang menunjukan usahatani durian di Kecamatan Jambu menguntungkan. Hasil analisis AHP menunjukan prioritas strategi pengembangan yang pertama adalah aspek budidaya (51%), pemasaran (21.3%), faktor produksi (16.4%), pasca panen (6%), dan kelembagaan (5.1%). Kata Kunci: Usaha tani Durian, Analisis Pendapatan, AHP How to Cite: Prasto, G., & Prajanti, S. (2020). The Income Analysis and Development Strategy of Durian Farming. Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics, 3(2), 768-779. https://doi.org/10.15294/efficient.v3i2.39298 © 2020 Semarang State University. All rights reserved Correspondence Address : ISSN 2655-6197 Address: Gedung L2 Lantai 2 FE Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 E-mail : [email protected] EFFICIENT Indonesian Journal of Development Economics Vol 3 (2) (2020) : 768 -779 769 INTRODUCTION widely available in Indonesia. The geographical location and tropical season in Indonesia are Indonesia is a country whose majority of very suitable with the conditions for growing people work and depend on the agricultural durian fruit, which is a tropical fruit. Based on sector. In addition to being a contributor to the average production of durian fruits in the agricultural sector, employment is also a Indonesia, the province that produces the most contributor to the country's foreign exchange. durian in Indonesia is East Java with a The agricultural sector is one of the sectors production yield of 201,833 tons, Central Java that are the mainstay of Indonesian society Province with an average production of 87,902 to meet basic needs. (Setiawan & Prajanti, tons, and North Sumatra with 73,059 tons (The 2011). Central Statistic, 2018). The agricultural sector consists of several Central Java Province is one of the subsectors, namely the subsector of food crops, provinces contributing high durian production horticulture, plantations, and livestock. One in Indonesia. Besides having a high production agricultural commodity that has a high in Central Java Province also has a high price of potential is horticultural fruit commodity. durian fruit. The price of durian fruit in Horticultural commodities are very Central Java has the highest price per kilogram prospective agricultural commodities for compared to other superior fruits. Based on Indonesia because they are considered good to data from the Department of Agriculture and fill the needs of the domestic and international Plantation of Central Java Province related to markets. Horticulture has a large market the price of main fruit crops, the price of fruit demand and high economic value. This can be per kilogram of durian fruit in 2017 has seen from BPS on the Analysis of Export increased from the previous year. In addition, Commodities 2012-2018, that horticultural prices per other fruit commodities such as commodities in recent years tend to increase, mangoes, bananas, and zalacca have increased but their contribution is still low for the except for pineapple which has decreased in agricultural sector. Therefore, the Department 2017. The high selling price of durian fruit is of Agriculture focuses on 10 national leading very profitable to be developed and improved commodities. These 10 national superior in the business sector. commodities consist of five groups of fruit The high amount of durian production in horticulture and five groups of vegetable Central Java is also due to the high amount of horticulture. The ten commodities are durian production also in the Regency/City. mangoes, mangosteen, oranges, bananas, Regencies/Cities that contributed the highest durian, potatoes, shallots, chillies, durian production to the Central Java region chrysanthemums, and orchids (Agricultural during 2013-2017 were Wonosobo Regency, Research and Development Agency, 2014). Pekalongan Regency, and Semarang Regency. One of the superior fruit of horticulture According to Table 1. Wonosobo Regency is that has high interest because of its distinctive the largest contributor of durian fruit in taste is the Durian fruit (Lestari, Fitmawati, & Central Java with a total production of 218,325 Wahibah, 2011). Durian or known as the king of ku followed by Pekalongan Regency with a fruits is a typical fruit in Southeast Asia, and is 770 Georgius L.P. & Suci DWP, The Income Analysis and Development Strategy…, total production of 75,018, Semarang Regency District. Semarang Regency is a fairly central with a total production of 57,814 ku, Batang area in Central Java and is adjacent to and Klaten with 40,725 and 33,763 production Semarang City which is quite densely respectively. In addition to high production populated. This is a potential market for yields, Central Java Province also has many Semarang Regency in developing durian in durian trees. The suitable geographical Central Java. location makes durian trees grow well. The numerous hills and mountains in the Central 100000 Java region also affect durian tree growth. Durian trees grow a lot at an altitude of 400- 600 meters above sea level or around the foot of mountains. Production (qu) Table 1. The average production of Durian Regency/City in Central Java Province in 2013- 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Regency/City Production Tree Wonosobo 218.325 160.320 Picture 1. Durian Production in Semarang Pekalongan 75.018 90.132 Regency in 2013-2017 Semarang 57.814 76.930 Source : The Central Statistic Agency for Batang 40.725 48.298 Central Java Province 2018 Klaten 33.763 45.165 Source : The Central Statistic Agency for Based on Picture 1. shows the production Central Java Province 2018 of durian in Semarang Regency is volatile. The highest amount of productivity was shown in Based on table 1. The number of trees 2014 with a total of 81,045 qu. However, in 2015 that produced the most was Wonosobo and 2016 the productivity of Durian fruit District with 160,320 trees, Semarang District always decreased to 65,330 qu and 25,410 qu with 90,132 trees, Pekalongan District with although in 2017 the productivity of Durian 76,930 trees, then Batang and Klaten District fruit increased to 41,241 qu. with 48,298 trees and 45,165 trees respectively. The development of durian fruit in the The table shows that the number of trees in last five years tends to decrease. The decrease Semarang Regency is higher than in in the number of durian production in 2015- Pekalongan Regency. However, in the amount 2016 can be caused by the long dry season so of durian production, Pekalongan Regency has that durian flowers that will become durian more production than Semarang Regency. One fruit easily fall out. Whereas in 2017 is the peak of the Regencies that develops durian as a of the dry season. In addition to the loss of national flagship commodity is Semarang durian flowers, the dry season can lead to dry Regency with a central location in Jambu and dead trees. However, the number of trees EFFICIENT Indonesian Journal of Development Economics Vol 3 (2) (2020) : 768 -779 771 that produce in Semarang Regency is still quite producing district in Semarang Regency from large, this can be seen in Picture 2. which 2013-2017 with an average production of 19,652 shows Semarang Regency is one of the qu. The producers of high durian fruit in Regencies/Cities that has a large number of Semarang Regency besides Jambu District are active durian trees. Banyubiru District and Ungaran Timur District with production of 9,585 ku and 6,962 qu 150000 respectively. 100000 Tree 50000 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Picture 2. Number of Durian Trees in Production (qu) Semarang Regency in 2013-2017 Source : The Central Statistic Agency for Central Java Province 2018 According to Picture 2. shows the number of durian trees from 2013-2017 is Picture 3. Average Durian Production in fluctuating. In 2016 durian trees decreased by Semarang Regency in 2013-2017 38,280 trees from the previous year.
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