Mosses of Bhutan II*. a Checklist of the Mosses of Bhutan

Journal of Bryology

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Mosses of Bhutan II*. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan

D. G. Long

To cite this article: D. G. Long (1994) Mosses of Bhutan II*. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan, Journal of Bryology, 18:2, 339-364, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1994.18.2.339 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1994.18.2.339

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Download by: [British Bryological Society] Date: 09 May 2017, At: 04:09 Journal of Bryology (1994) 18: 339-364

Mosses of Bhutan 11*. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan

DAVID G. LONG Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, U.K.

SUMMARY

A checklist is given of the mosses of Bhutan based on published reports. Totals of 156 genera and 282, species are recorded. The main past collectors of mosses in Bhutan are listed, together with sources of erroneous reports; 44 erroneous and doubtful taxa are excluded. The name Breutelia setschwanica is applied to the only Himalayan mem- ber of the genus. The name Barbula [lavicans is proposed as an avowed substitute for the illegitimate Tortula [lavescens Hook. & Grev. (Barbula fuscescens C. Mull. nom. inval.)

KEYWORDS: Mosses, checklist, Bhutan, Himalaya, Breutelia setschwanica, Barbula [lavicans.

INTRODUCTION

Of all the countries and states in the Himalayan region, Bhutan is probably one of the richest bryologically yet one of the least-known. Few bryologists have had the opportunity to collect there. However the bryologicalliterature contains many scattered reports of mosses which have never been brought together before as a checklist. The Hepaticae have fared better, in that two recent papers (Long, 1979a; Long & Grolle, 1990) have provided an up-to-date list. The present list attempts to gather together existing published data and to weed out some of the detectable erroneous records.

PAST COLLECTORS OF MOSSES IN BHUTAN

1. William Griffith (1810-1845). Griffith was the first major botanical collector to visit Bhutan, travelling from east to west with an armed British deputation for 5 months in 1838 (Lamond, 1970; Long, 1979b). He collected many mosses which, like his hepaticae, have never been systematically worked up and published as a list. His collections are represented in BM, H-BR, E, NY and probably many other herbaria. However, many of his discoveries in Bhutan (though· notably absent from Mitten, 1859) have been published in a wide range of papers and monographs (Table 1). Other reports from Bhutan especially by Brotherus (1924, 1925) and Bruhl (1931) may be based on Griffith collections but the source was not given. Some of these have kindly been checked in Brotherus' herbarium (H-BR) by J. Enroth.

*Paper I in this series was published in Proceedings of the Congress of East Asian Bryology, Helsinki, 1990, Bryobrothera (1992) 1: 119-125.

339 340 DA VID G. LONG

Table 1. Selected species collected by Griffith in Bhutan.

Species Reported by

Aongstroemia orientalis Mitten (1891) Atractylocarpus erectifolius Dixon (1938) Barbula nigrescens Gangulee (1969-1980) Fabronia pusilla Vohra (1983) Hymenostylium annotinum Dixon (1910) Molendoa sendtneriana Saito (1972) Orthotrichum crispifolium Lewinsky (1992) Orthotrichum griffithii Lewinsky (1992) Philonotis roylei Brotherus (1924) Stereo don confinis Mitten (1891) Syrrhopodon gardneri Gangulee (1969-1980)

Griffith specimens bear one of two types of numbers: field numbers and Kew Distribu- tion (KD) numbers. The first are Griffith's own collection numbers, mostly found on specimens in his own herbarium (BM); the second are numbers added by hand to printed labels for the Herbarium of the East India Company, distributed from Kew in 1875, widely existing in many herbaria (eg. BM, E, H -BR and NY). Occasionally erroneous geographi- cal information has become attached to Griffith specimens and some specimens labelled 'Bhutan' actually come from Assam (eg. Garovaglia elegans). Where specimens have original localities their correct origin can often be worked out from Griffith's Journals and Itinerary Notes (Griffith, 1847, 1848).

2. Botanical Survey of India. Between 1963 and 1965 the Botanical Survey of India collected widely in Bhutan; many mosses were collected during these visits by B. M. Wadhwa and J. N. Vohra. These specimens are deposited in Calcutta (CAL). Many of the pleurocarpous mosses were reported by Vohra (1983), such as Leptopterigynandrum autoicum, Lescuraea darjeelingensis , Thuidium sparsifolium, T. talongense and T. vestitissimum.

3. Tokyo University. Over the past two decades botanists from Tokyo University (TI) and other institutes in Japan collected widely in Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling and Bhutan. Many of their records of mosses from Bhutan were reported by Noguchi (1971) and Gangulee (1969-1980), e.g. Fissidens grandifrons, Oligotrichum aligerum, Rhodobryum laxe-limbatum, Sphaerotheciella sphaerocarpa and Sphagnum girgensohnii.

4. D. G. Long, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. As part of the Flora of Bhutan project (vascular plants) based at Edinburgh, D. G. Long was able to collect bryophytes in Bhutan in 1975, 1979 and 1982. The hepaticae have been reported by Long (1979a) and Long & Grolle (1990) and some of the more interesting mosses by Long (1992), such as Bryo- erythrophyllum inaequalifolium, Climacium dendroides, Erpodium mangiferae, Didymo- don michiganensis, Microdendron sinense and Tetrodontium brownianum. Records of some Neckeraceae are given by Enroth (1994).

5. Excluded reports from Bhutan. a. T. J. Booth. As pointed out by Long (1979a), bryophyte records labelled 'Bhotan, Booth' or 'Bhotan, herb. Nuttall' are erroneous, e.g. Fissidens diversifolius and Trematodon MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 341 sabulosus reported from Bhutan by Mitten (1859) and subsequent authors, are based on Booth collections from Arunachal Pradesh, India (in BM). b. L. Durel, Determes, C. G. Rogers and G. Gammie. As in the case of his hepaticae (Long, 1979a),.Durel's mosses from 'Bhotan' collected in 1898 originated not from Bhutan but from the Kalimpong district of West Bengal, India, an area formerly known as British Bhotan. Many of these records were accepted by Brotherus (1924, 1925) and BrUhl (1931) as originating from Bhutan, without indication of source. Examples of Durel 's collections (in BM and H-BR) labelled 'Bhotan' are Brotherella curvirostris, Lyellia crispa, Pogo- natum aloides, Wijkia deflexifolia, Ectropothecium sikkimense, Floribundaria aurea and Papillaria semitorta. Similarly, specimens collected by Determes, Rogers and Gammie in 'Bhutan' are probably also from Kalimpong district, e.g. Sphagnum cuspidatulum, S. magellanicum, Cryptoleptodon flexuosus and Floribundaria leptonema reported in Gangulee (1969-1980).

CHECKLIST

The following list includes all species known to have been reported from Bhutan, arranged alphabetically by family and genus. Erroneous reports (e.g. species based on Durel collections) are discussed under relevant species. Some other reports may also be erroneous but it has not been possible to determine the precise source such as several species reported by Gangulee (1969-1980) and Chopra (1975) (e.g. Anomo- bryum auratum). Specimens are cited only to clarify early reports of questionable origin from Bhutan. Delimitation of families follows Crosby & Magill (1978) with recent modifications by Buck (1980, 1994), Buck & Ireland (1985), Buck & Crum (1990) and Buck & Vitt (1986). Identifications published as doubtful have been excluded.

AMBL YSTEGIACEAE

Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980). CaDiergonellacuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) Roth: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Platydictya subtile (Hedw.) Crum: Vohra (1983). Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Sarmentypnum sarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Tuom. & T. Kop. Calliergonsarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Kindb.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Ochyra, Koponen & Norris (1991), Vohra (1983). Wamstorfia exannulata (B.S.G.) Loeske Drepanocladus exannulatus (B.S.G.) Warnst.: Gangulee (1969-1980). 342 nA VIn G. LONG

ANDREAEACEAE

Andreaea mpestris Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975).

ANOMonONTACEAE

Anomodon minor (Hedw.) FUrnr. subsp. integerrimus (Mitt.) Iwats.: Iwatsuki (1963), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). A. rugelii (C. MUll.) Keissl.: Long (1992). A. viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Tayl.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983).

AULACOMNIACEAE

Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwagr.: Long (1992). A. turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwagr.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

BARTRAMIACEAE

Bartramia halleriana Hedw.: Kabiersch (1937), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). B. ithyphylla Brid.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

B. pomiformis Hedw.: Kabiersch (1937). var. elongata Turn.: Gangulee (1969-1980). Breutelia setschwanica Broth. B. dicranacea auct. non (C. MUll.) Mitt. B. deflexa Kab.: Brotherus (1924), BrUhl (1931). These early reports are probably based on Griffith specimens from Bhutan (KD 227,228, BM). However the name B. dicranacea is based on a type from the Nilghery Hills, south India and is probably not applicable to the Himalayan plant. As pointed out by Kabiersch (1937) the Himalayan plants are the same as B. setschwanica and this name should be applied, at least until the taxonomy and nomenclature of the plants from S. India and Sri Lanka are clarified. Fleischerobryum longicolle (Hampe) Loeske: Kabiersch (1937), MUller (1900). These reports are probably based on several Griffith specimens, e.g. KD 229,230 (BM, E). Philonotis falcata (Hook.) Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). [P.laxifolia Broth. nom. nud.: BrUhl (1931) based on a DureZ collection from Kalimpong. Identity unknown.] P. moDis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). P. roylei (Hook. f.) Mitt. BartramiduZa royZei (Hook. f.) B.S.G.: Brotherus (1924), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Early reports are based on Bailfa, Bhotan, Griffith KD237 (BM,H-BR). P. tumeriana (Schwagr.) Mitt.: Kabiersch (1937), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Manuel (1981). Plagiopus oederianus (Sw.) Crum & Anderson P. oederi (Brid.) Limpr.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 343

BRACHYTHECIACEAE

Brachythecium buchanani (Hook.) Jaeg.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Horikawa & Ando (1964), Noguchi (1967,1971), Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983). B. plumosum (Hedw.) B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). B. populeum (Hedw.) B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). B. rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983). [Eurhynchiumhians (Hedw.) Lac.: Gangulee (1969-1980); according to Vohra (1983) this record is Rhynchostegium planiusculum.] Rhynchostegium herbaceum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980). R. planiusculum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980), V6hra (1983). R. riparioides (Hedw.) C. Jens.: Vohra (1983). Eurhynchium riparioides (Hedw.) Richards: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Rozea pterogonioides (Harv.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975), Buck & Crum (1976). The Rogers record 'British Bhotan' in Buck & Crum (1976) is from Kalimpong district.

BRYACEAE

Anomobryum auratum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980). A. cymbifolium (Lindb.) Broth.: Chopra (1975); syn. fide Gangulee (1969-1980). A. fJliforme (Dicks.) Solms

Bryumfiliforme Dicks.: Noguchi (1971). var. concinnatum (Spruce) Amann.: Gangulee (1969-1980). Brachymenium capitulatum (Mitt.) Kindb.: Ochi (1985). B. ochianum Gang.: Gangulee (1969-1980). B. contortum Ochi non Griff.: Noguchi (1971). Bryum caespiticium Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). [B. capillare Hedw. Reported from Bhutan by Gangulee (1969-1980) who treated it in a very broad sense. Syed (1973) in his revision of the group reported only B. torquescens from the Himalaya but not B. capillare sensu stricto. The Bhutan specimens should be revised.] B. coronatum Schwagr.: Noguchi (1971). B. gedeanum Bosch & Lac.: Ochi (1985). Pohlia gedeana (Bosch & Lac.) Gang.: Gangulee (1969-1980). B. paradoxum Schwagr.: Gangulee (1969-1980). B. teretiusculum Hook.: Ochi (1964). The Bhutan record given by Gangulee is based on a Wallich specimen. Nathaniel Wallich (1786-1854) is known to have collected in Nepal, N.W. Himalaya, Burma, Penang and Singapore at a time when Bhutan was closed to foreigners (DeCandolle & Radcliffe- Smith, 1981). The specimen is therefore probably mis-labelled. B. pseudotriquetmm (Hedw.) Schwagr.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). B. ramosum (Harv.) Mitt.: Mohamed (1979), Long (1992). Bryum billardieri auct. non Schwagr.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). B. recurvulum Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). B. salakense Card.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). 344 DAVID G. LONG

Epipterygium tozeri (Grev.) Lindb.: Long (1992). Pohlia acuminata Hoppe & Hornsch.: Noguchi (1971). P. minor Schwagr. subsp. acuminata (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Wijk & Marg.: Gangulee (1969-1980) P. elongata Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). [P. flexuosa Harv. Weberaflexuosa (Harv.) Mitt. The only report from Bhutan (Bruhl, 1931) is probably based on a Durel specimen (BM) from Kalimpong district.] P.longjcoUis (Hedw.) Lindb.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwagr.) Par.: Mohamed (1984). R.laxe-limbatum (Ochi) Iwats. & T. Kop. Bryum laxe-limbatum Ochi: Noguchi (1971).

CALYMPERACEAE

Chameleion peguense (Besch.) L. T. Ellis & A. Eddy: Ellis (1992), Long (1992). Syrrhopodon gardneri (Hook.) Schwagr.: Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975).

CLIMACIACEAE

Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr: Long (1992).

CRYPHAEACEAE

Schoenobryum concavifolium (Griff.) Gang. Acrocryphaea concavifolia (Griff.) Bosch & Lac.: Noguchi (1971). SphaerothecieUa sphaerocarpa (Hook.) Fleisch.: Noguchi (1971).

DICRANACEAE

Aongstroemia orientalis Mitt.: Mitten (1891), Brotherus (1924), Bruhl (1931), Iwatsuki & Sharp (1967), Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Thiers (1992). Syntype (Bhotan, Griffith) from Bhutan. Atractylocarpus comosus Dix. A. erectifolius Dix.: Dixon (1938), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Padberg & Frahm (1985); type from Bhutan (Tongsa, Griffith KD 34, BM). Campylopodiella himalayana (Broth.) Frahm: Long (1992). [Campylopus durelii Gang. The records in Bruhl (1931) and Gangulee (1969-1980) are based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district.] Campylopus ericoides (Griff.) Jaeg. C. involutus (C. Mull.) Jaeg.: Long (1992); synonymy fide Frahm (1992). C. fragilis (Brid.) B.S.G. subsp. fragilis: Long (1992). subsp. goughii (Mitt.) Frahm: Frahm (1992). C. goughii (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Muller (1900), Gangulee (1969-1980), Frahm (1984). C. nilghiriensis (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Noguchi (1971); synonymy fide Frahm (1984, 1987b). MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 345

In some reports C. goughii has been treated as a synonym of C. zollingerianus (C. Mull.) Bosch & Lac. (e.g. Frahm 1987b) but the latter taxon, now also treated as a subspecies of C. fragilis, is restricted to the Malesian region and S. China ,by Frahm (1992). C. schimperi Milde Campylopus alpigena Broth. var. lamellatus Broth.: Noguchi (1971). Synonymy fide Frahm (1992). C. subulatus Schimp.: Long (1992), Frahm (1992). C. umbellatus (Arn.) Par.: Long (1992). Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp.: Noguchi (1971). Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp.: Noguchi (1967, 1971), Gangulee (1969--1980). D. setifera (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980). [Dicranodontium asperulum Mitt. nom. nud.: Chopra (1975). Identity uncertain.] Dicranodontiumattenuatum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Muller (1900), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). D. denudatum (Brid.) Britt.: Noguchi (1971). [D. didictyon (Mitt.) Jaeg. was recorded from Bhutan by Bruhl (1931) and Chopra (1975), but these are almost certainly based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district.] D. didymodon (Griff.) Par.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Bruhl (1931) except for records based on a Durel specimen (BM) from 'British Bootang'. Other reports are correctly based on Griffith specimens e.g. KD 31 (BM). D. dimorphum Mitt.: Renauld & Cardot (1900), Muller (1900), Brotherus (1924), Bruhl (1931), Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Thiers (1992). Syntype

from Bhutan. The Bhutan record is probably based on Bhotan Griffith KD 30 (BM, H-BR). D. subporodictyon Broth.: Long (1992). Dicranolomafragile Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Tan & Koponen (1983). Dicranumfragile Hook. non Brid.: Muller (1900). Dicranum crispifolium C. Mull.: Muller (1900), Noguchi (1967, 1971), Gangulee (1969- 1980), Chopra (1975). D. himalayanum Mitt.: Muller (1900), Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). D. flagellare Hedw.: Noguchi (1971). [D. kashmirense Broth. Although reported from Bhutan by Chopra (1975) this has not been confirmed by other authors and is best treated as doubtful at present.] D.lorifolium Mitt.: Muller (1900), Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). D. scoparium Hedw.: Noguchi (1971). D. setschwanicum Broth.: Noguchi (1971). [D. spurifonne Dix. nom. nud.: Chopra (1975). Specimens exist under this name from Bhutan, Griffith (BM) and Wallanchoon, East Nepal, J. D. Hooker (BM), but their identity is as yet unknown.] [D. spurium Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980). This record is probably based on a misidentified specimen labelled 'East Himalayas' August 1938 G. Sherriff (BM, E).] Holomitrium densifolium (Wils.) Wijk & Marg.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). H. griffithianum Mitt.: Muller (1900), Brotherus (1924), Bruhl (1931), Horikawa & Ando (1964), Noguchi (1972). Early reports are basedon the Griffith KD 19 (BM, E, H-SOL) collection from Bhutan. 346 DAVID G. LONG

[Microdus brasiliensis (Dub.) Ther. Reported by Bruhl (1931) based on a Durel collection from Kalimpong district.] Oncophorus wahlenbergii Brid.: Noguchi (1971). Oreoweisia laxifolia (Hook. f.) Kindb.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Paraleucobryum enerve (Thed.) Loeske: Frahm (1987a). Rhabdoweisia crispata (Dicks.) Lindb.: Long (1992). Symblepharis vaginata (Harv.) Wijk & Marg. S. helicophylla Mont.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975). S. himalayana (Mitt.) C. Mull. nom. illeg.: Muller (1900). Trematodon conformis Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Kumar (1985). [T. sabulosus Griff. Records in Mitten (1859), Brotherus (1924), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Kumar (1985) are probably all based on a specimen 'Bootan, Booth' from Arunachal Pradesh.]

DITRICHACEAE

[Ceratodon emodi C. Mull. nom. nud.: Muller (1900). Identity unknown.] Ceratodon stenocarpus C. Mull.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). [Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Marg. & N orkett G. phascoides C. Mull. Reports from Bhutan by Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980) and Chopra (1975) are probably based on a Durel specimen (BM) from Kalimpong district.]

ENTODONTACEAE

Entodon concinnus (De Not.) Paris subsp. caliginosus (Mitt.) Mizushima: Dixon (1912), Gangulee (1969-1980), based on: Bhotan, Griffith KD 536. E. flavescens (Hook.) J aeg. E. griffithii (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Brotherus (1925), Brtihl (1931). E. rubicundus (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Mizushima (1960, 1966), Noguchi (1967, 1971), Gangulee (1969-1980). Early reports are based on several Griffith specimens (e.g. KD 533, BM, E). E.laetus (Griff.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). E. plicatus C. Mull.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). E. prorepens (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Erythrodontiumjulaceum (Schwagr.) Par.: Noguchi (1967,1971), Gangulee (1969-1980).

ERPODIACEAE

Erpodium biseriatum (Aust.) Aust.: Long (1992). E. mangiferae C. Mull.: Long (1992). - MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 347

F ABRONIACEAE

Fabronia pusiDa Raddi: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Vohra (1983).

FISSIDENTACEAE

[Fissidens diversifolius Mitt. The records in Gangulee (1969-1980), Mitten (1859), Bruhl (1931), Thiers (1992) are all based on a Booth specimen from Arunachal Pradesh.] Fissidens grandifrons Brid.: Noguchi (1971). F. griffithii Gang.: Gangulee (1969-1980); type from Bhutan.

FUNARIACEAE

Physcomitrium japonicum (Hedw.) Mitt.: Chopra (1975). This report is probably based on 'Rice field terraces, Tassangsee [=TashiYangtsi] Bootan, Griffith 21' (BM). [P. perllaccidum Broth. ex P. Yarde. The reports from Bhutan by Bruhl (1931) and Chopra (1975) are based on a Durel specimen (BM) from Kalimpong district.] [P. subsphaericum Broth. nom. nud. The reports from Bhutan by Bruhl (1931) and Chopra (1975) are based on a Durel speCimen labelled 'type' (BM) from Kalimpong district. Identity unknown.]

GAROV AGLIACEAE

[Garovaglia elegans (Dozy & MoIk.) Bosch & Lac. var. elegans G. carinata Mitt. Records of G. elegans and G. carinata from Bhutan (During, 1977; Hyvonen, 1989a; Thiers, 1992) are based on the type specimen of G. carinata supposedly from Bhutan; however the locality of this specimen is 'Thumathya' (Thiers, 1992) which is in Assam not Bhutan.] Garovaglia poweDii Mitt. subsp. densifolia (Thwait. & Mitt.) During: Long (1992).

GRIMMIACEAE

Grimmia mammosa Gao & Cao: Cao & Vitt (1986), Long (1992). Racomitrium albipiliferum Gao & Cao var. albipiliferum: Cao & Gao (1992) R. capillifolium Frisvoll var. capillifolium: Frisvoll (1988), Long (1992); type from Bhutan. var.lorifolium (Frisvoll) Cao & Gao R. capillifolium var. lorifolium Frisvoll: Frisvoll (1988). [R. crispulum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Dix.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Frisvoll (1988) regards as erroneous all records of this species from Asia.] R. fuscescens Wils.: Frisvoll (1988). R. himalayanum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Frisvoll (1988). R. joseph-hookeri Frisvoll: Frisvoll (1988). R. subsecundum (Harv.) Mitt.: Renauid & Cardot (1905), Frisvoll (1988), Long (1992). R. verrucosum Frisvoll var. emodense Frisvoll: Frisvoll (1988). 348 DAVID G. LONG

HEDWIGIACEAE

Braunia obtusicuspis Broth.: Long (1992). Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv.: Long (1992).

HOOKERIACEAE

Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev.: Long (1992).

HYLOCOMIACEAE

Actinothuidium hookeri (Mitt.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983), Watanabe (1991). Hylocomium himalayanum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Koponen (1979). H. splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Leptohymenitim tenue (Hook.) Schwagr.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Horikawa & Ando (1964), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975). Macrothamniella pilosula (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Early reports are probably based on Griffith material (KD 730, BM) from Bhutan. Macrothamnium macrocarpum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). M. psilurum (Mitt.) Nog.

Leptocladiella psi/ura (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Brotherus (1925), Noguchi (1971). M. submacrocarpum (Ren. & Card.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Microthamnium submacrocarpum Ren. & Card.: Renauld & Cardot (1905) but this report was based on a Durel specimen (syntype) from Kalimpong district. Meteoriella soluta (Mitt.) Okam.: Noguchi (1971), Manuel (1976). Neodolichomitra robusta (Broth.) Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Orontobryum hookeri (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Noguchi (1971). O. recurvulum Gang.: Gangulee (1969-1980); type (Khegumpa, Griffith) from Bhutan. Ando (in Iwatsuki 1979) suggests this may be a synonym of Macrothamnium lepto- hymenioides Nog. Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980). Calliergonella schreberi (Brid.) Grout: Noguchi (1971). Rhytidiadelphus triquetms (Hedw.) Warnst.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

HYPNACEAE

[Ectropothecium sikkimense (Ren. & Card.) Ren. & Card. E. mussuriense Broth. nom. nud. Records under these names in Renauld & Cardot (1905), Bruhl (1931) and Gangulee (1969-1980) are based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district.] .,,-,,···G6l1aniaclarescens (Mitt.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980). Higuchi (1991) records this species only from Pakistan, N.W. India and Nepal. How- ever, the type specimen of Gollania perserrata Dix.: Above Rydong, 10,000', Griffith (BM) is a mixture including this species, det. Higuchi (1985). MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 349

G. cylindricarpa (Mitt.) Broth.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975), Higuchi (1985, 1991). Hyocomium cylindricarpum Mitt.: Mitten (1891), Higuchi (1985), Thiers (1992); lecto- type from Bhutan fide Higuchi (1985). G. schensiana Higuchi: Higuchi (1985, 1991). G. clarescens sensu Noguchi (1971) non (Mitt.) Broth. HeterophyDium nemorosum (W. Koch ex Brid.) Kindb. H. confine (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Brotherus (1925), BrUhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Stereodon confinis Mitt.: Mitten (1891), Ando (1971), Thiers (1992); syntypes from Bhutan collected by Griffith. Hypnum macrogynum Besch. H. flaccens Besch.: Ando (1968), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). H. setschwanicum (Broth.) Ando: Gangulee (1969-1980), Ando (1973, 1976). H. sikkimense Ando: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). H. subimponens Lesq. subsp. ulophyDum (C. MUll.) Ando: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). H. submoDuscum Besch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Isopterygiopsis mueDeriana (Schimp.) Iwats.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Isopterygium bancanum (Lac.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). [I. surculosum Dix. nom. nud.: Chopra (1975). Identity unknown.] Platygyriella aurea (Schwagr.) Buck Bryosedgwickia aurea (Schwagr.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980).

PtHium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. Hypnum crista-castrensis Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Pylaisiella falcata (B.S.G.) Ando Pylaisia fa/cata B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Ando (1978). Struckia argentata (Mitt.) C. MUll.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Tan, Buck & Ignatov (1990). TaxiphyDum taxirameum (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Early reports are probably based on Griffith specimens (KD 398, BM,H-BR).

HYPOPTERYGIACEAE

[Cyathophorella adiantum (Griff.) Fleisch.: Brotherus (1925), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). These reports are probably based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong District (H-BR).]

LEPTODONTACEAE

Forsstroemia producta (Hornsch.) Par.: Long (1992). 350 DAVID G. LONG

LESKEACEAE

Bryohaplocladium angustifolium (Hampe & C. Mull.) Watan. & Iwats. Haplocladiumangustifolium (C. Mull.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). B. microphyllum (Hedw.) Watan. & Iwats. Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. var. bhutanicum Vohra: Gangulee (1969- 1980), Vohra (1983); type from Bhutan (the var. not combined into Bryohaplo- cladium). Bryonorrisia acutifolia (Mitt.) Enroth: Enroth (1991). Anomodon acutifolius Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Claopodium pellucinerve (Mitt.) Best: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983). Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Card.: Long (1992). Leptopterigynandmm autoicum Dix. ex Gang. & Vohra: Vohra (1983). Lescuraea darjee6ngensis Vohra: Vohra (1983). Okamuraea hakoniensis (Mitt.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

LEUCOBRYACEAE

[Leucobryumjuniperoideum (Brid.) C. Mull. L. neilgherrense C. Mull.: Bruhl (1931) as L. nilghiriense, Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975); synonymy fide Yamaguchi (1993). These records are probably alJbased on a Durel specimen (BM) from Kalimpong district.] Octoblephamm a1bidum Hedw.: Long (1992).

LEUCODONTACEAE

Leucodon sinensis Ther.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

METEORIACEAE

Aerobryidium tilamentosum (Hook.) Fleisch.: Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Fleischer (1900-1922) reported this from 'Brit. Bootang', presumably based on a Durel specimen. Aerobryum speciosum (Dozy & Molle) Dozy & Molk.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975). [Barbella chrysonema (C. Mull.) Nog. Floribundaria chrysonema (C. Mull.) Broth. The record in Gangulee (1969-1980) is based on a Determes specimen probably from Darjeeling District. Papillaria chrysonema C. Mull. var. brachyclada Ren. & Card.: Renauld & Cardot (1905) based on a Determes specimen probably from Darjeeling District.] Bryowijkia ambigua (Hook.) Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980). Cleistostoma ambiguum (Hook.) Brid.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931). These early reports are based on a Griffith collection (KD 408, BM, H-BR) from Bhutan. Cryptopapillaria chrysoclada (C. Mull.) Menzel Papilla ria chrysoclada (C. Mull.) Jaeg.: Noguchi (1971). MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 351 c. feae (C. MUll. ex Fleisch.) Menzel Papillaria feae Fleisch.: Noguchi (1971, 1976). C. fuseeseens (Hook.) Menzel: Menzel (1992). Papillaria fuscescens (Hook.) Jaeg.: BrUhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971, 1976), Chopra (1975). Diaphanodon blandus (Harv.) Ren. & Card.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975). The record in Zanten (1959) is based on a Darjeeling (Determes) collection. Dicladiella eubensis (Mitt.) Buck Barbella cubensis (Mitt.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Menzel (1992). B. enervis (Thwait. & Mitt.) Fleisch. ex Broth.: Noguchi (1965, 1976). DuthieDa flaeeida (Card.) Broth.: Zanten (1959), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Norris & Koponen (1985). Floribundaria Doribunda (Dozy & Molk.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980 ), Noguchi (1971, 1976), Menzel (1992). [F. leptonema (C. MUll.) Broth. The record in Gangulee (1969-1980) is based on a Determes specimen probably from Darjeeling District. Treated by Noguchi (1976) as a doubtful species]. F. setsehwanica Broth.: Noguchi (1976). Pseudo barb ella niitakayamensis Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Meteoriopsis reclinata (C. Mull.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Manuel (1977), Menzel (1992). M. squarrosa (Harv.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Manuel (1977).

var. longieuspis Nog.: Noguchi (1976). Meteorium buehanani (Brid.) Broth.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Dixon (1912), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Early reports are based on Tongsa, Bhutan, Griffith (BM). M. helminthoeladum (C. Mull.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). M. polytriehum Dozy & Molk. M. buchanani formapolytrichum (Dozy & Molk.) Gangulee.: Gangulee (1969-1980). M. subpolytriehum (Besch.) Broth. subsp. subpolytriehum: Noguchi (1976). Loxotis semitorta (C. Mull.) Buck Papillaria semitorta (C. Mull.) Jaeg.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969- 1980), Noguchi (1971, 1976), Chopra (1975), Menzel (1992). Early reports are probably based both on a Griffith specimen from Bhutan (KD 447, BM) and a Durel specimen (e.g. Fleischer, 1900-1922) from Kalimpong district (BM, H-BR). Neobarbella comes (Griff.) Nog.: Tan, He & Isoviita (1992). Isotheciopsis comes (Griff.) Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1970, 1971). Note: Tan, He & Isoviita (1992) have elucidated the nomenclaturalproblems of this taxon. (Pseudobarbella andstrodes (Ren. & Card.) Manuel. Records for Sikkim and Bhutan given by Menzel (1992) are both based on specimens from Darjeeling District. Meteoriopsis ancistrodes (Ren. & Card.) Broth.: Horikawa & Ando (1964), Gangulee (1969-1980); these are probably both based on a specimen from Darjeeling District.] Pseudospiridentopsis horrida (Card.) Fleisch.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Dixon (1938), Zan ten (1959), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Lai (1992). All these reports are probably based on a Griffith collection(KD 846, BM, E, H-BR) from Bhutan.

23 352 DA VID G. LONG

Sinskea flammea (Mitt.) Buck Chrysocladium flammeum (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Noguchi (1971, 1976). Trachycladiella aurea (Mitt.) Menzel: Menzel & Schultze-Motel (1994). Floribundaria aurea (Mitt.) Broth.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). The early records from Bhutan are probably based on Griffith material (KD 493, 494, BM); a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district exists in H-BR. T. sparsa (Mitt.) Menzel: Menzel & Schultze-Motel (1994). Floribundaria sparsa (Mitt.) Broth.: Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975), Noguchi (1976). Fleischer (1900-1922) reported this from 'Brit. Bootang', presumably based on a Durel specimen. Floribundaria sparsa (Mitt.) Broth. var. pilifera (Nog.) Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971, 1976). Floribundaria chloronema (C. Mull.) Broth. The record in Gangulee (1969-1980) is based on a Determes specimen probably from Darjeeling District. Trachypodopsis auriculata (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Bruhl (1931), Zanten (1959), Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). T. serrulata (P. Beauv.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). var. crispatula (Hook.) Zant.: Noguchi (1971). Trachypodopsis crispatula (Hook.) Fleisch.: Brotherus (1925), BrUhl (1931). T. himantophylla (Ren. & Card.) Fleisch.: Bruhl (1931). Trachypus himantophyllus Ren. & Card.: Renauld & Cardot (1900). Note: Renauld & Cardot (1900) included a syntype 'Bhotan par Ie rev. Durel' in describing

Trachypus himantophyllus which is from Kalimpong District. Other early reports are based both on a Griffith collection (KD 448, BM, H-SOL) from Bhutan and on the Durel specimen from Kalimpong District (BM, H-BR). var. guilbertii (Ther. & P.Varde) Zant.: Noguchi (1971).

MNIACEAE

Mnium heterophyllum (Hook.) Schwagr.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). M. laevinerve Card.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Koponen (1981). M.lycopodioides Schwagr.: Gangulee (1969-1980). [M. submacrocarpum Bruhl nom. nud. This name is an orthographic error for Macrotham- nium submacrocarpum and Bruhl's report is based on a Durel collection from Kalim- pong district.] M. thomsonii Schimp.: Kabiersch (1936), Gangulee (1969-1980). Orthomnion bryoides (Griff.) Norkett: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Plagiomnium acutum (Lindb.) T. Kop.: Koponen (1981). P. arbuscula (C. Mull.) T. Kop.: Koponen (1981). P. confertidens auct. non (Lindb. & Arn.) T. Kop.; synonymy fide Koponen (1981). Mnium confertidens auct. non (Lindb. & Arn.) Kindb.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Koponen (1981). [P. cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. M. cuspidatum Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Not recorded from Himalaya by Koponen (1972, 1981); records probably refer to P. acutum.] MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 353

P. integrum (Bosch & Lac.) T. Kop.: Koponen (1981), Koponen & Norris (1983). P. medium (B.S.G.) T. Kop. M. medium B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). P. rhynchophomm (Harv.) T. Kop.: Koponen (1972,1981). M. rhynchophorum Harv.: Bruhl (1931). P. rostratum (Schrad.) T. Kop. M. longirostre Brid.: Kabiersch (1936), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Koponen (1981), Koponen & Norris (1983). Some or all records of this from Bhutan, e.g. Kabiersch (1936), may refer to P. rhynchophorum. P. succulentum (Mitt.) T. Kop.: Koponen (1972, 1981), Koponen & Norris (1983). [Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. , M. punctatum Hedw.: Noguchi (1971). Records of this probably refer to R. horikawae fide Koponen (1981).] Rhizomnium horikawae (Nog.) T. Kop. M. punctatum var. horikawae (Nog.) Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Koponen (1981). R. striatulum (Mitt.) T. Kop. M. striatuium Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). [Trachycystis ussuriensis (Maack & Regel) T. Kop. Occurs in N.E. India (Nyam Jang Chu, Arunachal Pradesh) close to the Bhutan frontier, fide Koponen (1981).]

NECKERACEAE

[Cryptoleptodon pluvinii (Brid.) Broth. C.flexuosus (Harv.) Ren. & Card. Records from Bhutan, e.g. Renauld& Cardot (1900), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975) are probably all based on a Determes specimen probably from Darjeeling. No Griffith material from Bhutan could be located in BM or H -BR.] [Curvicladium kurzii (Kindb.) Enroth Pinnatella kurzii (Kindb.) Wijk & Marg. P. kurziana Fleisch. nom. illeg. P. siamensis (Horik. & Ando) Nog. Thamnobryum siamense (Horik. & Ando) Nog. Records for Bhutan of this species and synonyms (Brotherus, 1925; Bruhl, 1931; Gangulee, 1969-1980; Chopra, 1975; Enroth, 1993) are all based on material from Darjeeling District. The record in Noguchi (1986) is based on a collection from Nepal.] Handeliobryum sikkimense (Par.) Ochyra: Enroth (1994). Himantocladium cyclophyllum (C. Mull.) Fleisch.: Enroth (1994). Homaliadelphus targionianus (Mitt.) Dix. & P.Varde: Gangulee(1969-1980), Iwatsuki (1958). These records are based on PoHong, Bhotan, Griffith 444 (BM). Homaliodendron tlabellatum (Sm.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). H. microdendron (Mont.) Fleisch.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Horikawa & Ando (1964), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1972), Chopra (1975), Enroth (1989). Early reports from Bhutan are based on Griffith KD 431 (BM, H-BR). H. glossophyllum (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Fleischer (1900-1922). 354 DAVID G. LONG

H. montagneanum (C. Mull.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). H.obtusatum (Mitt.) Gang.: Gangulee (1969-1980). H. papillosum Broth. H. crassinervium auct. non Ther.: Ninh (1984). Neckera crenulata Harv.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). N. himalayana Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). N. longeexserta Hampe ex C. Mull.: Bruhl (1931). N. muratae Nog.: Enroth (1994). N. pennata Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980). N. oxyphylla Mitt. nom. nud.: Thiers (1992); type from Bhutan. N. bhutanensis Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971); type from Bhutan. Synonymy fide Enroth (in litt.). N. polyclada C. MUll.: Enroth (1994). Neckeropsis exserta (Schwagr.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Touw (1962), Enroth (1994). Although Gangulee and Touw did not cite a specimen from Bhutan, their reports are supported by Griffith KD 425 (BM). [N. runbriata (Harv.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Touw (1972). Touw's report is based on a specimen labelled 'Bhotan ex herb. Rev. H. H. Wood' (BM). As there is no material of this species in Griffith's herbarium from Bhutan the provenance must be regarded as doubtful.] N.lepineana (Mont.) Fleisch.: Touw (1962), Gangulee (1969-1980). Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum (Nog.) Ninh & Pocs Homaliodendron sphaerocarpum Nog.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

Pinnatella alopecuroides (Harv.) Fleisch.: Enroth (1994). All previous records, e.g. Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1972), Chopra (1975) are erroneous, based on misidentified specimens (Enroth, in litt.). [P. ambigua (Bosch & Lac~) Fleisch.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Brotherus (1925), BrUhl (1931), Horikawa & Ando (1964), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Early reports are probably based on Griffith specimens (BM, H-BR, NY), some labelled 'Bhutan' and variously labelled 'Yoonsa', 'Yoonsee', 'Y oomsee', 'Goomsee'; these possibly originate from 'Yoomsan', Naga Hills, Assam (Griffith, 1847: 119); no such Griffith locality has been traced in Bhutan (Long, 1979b ).] P. calcutensis Fleisch.: Enroth (1994). Porotrichum fmticosum (Brid.) Jaeg.: Enroth (1994).

ORTHOTRICHACEAE

Macrocoma iwatsukii Vitt: Vitt (1980). Type from Bhutan. Macromitrium hymenostomum Mont.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Orthotrichum crispifolium Broth.: Lewinsky (1992). O. griftithii Mitt. ex Dixon: Dixon (1911), Lewinsky (1992). Type (Oongar, Griffith) from Bhutan. Gangulee (1969-1980: 1163) has erroneously given the type locality of this species as ?Khasia Hills and ?Kashmir; it appears to be endemic to Bhutan. O. hooken Wils. ex Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). var. granulatum Lewinsky: Lewinsky (1992). Type from Bhutan. MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 355 var. hookeri: Lewinsky (1992) O. tortifolium Lewinsky: Lewinsky (1992). Type from Bhutan; endemic to Bhutan. Ulota robusta Mitt.: Brotherus (1925), BrUhl (1931), Gangulee (1969,..-1980), Chopra (1975). These reports are probably based on a Griffith collection (above Sanah, Griffith 26,BM). Zygodon obtusifolius Hook.: Long (1992). Z. viridissimus (Dicks.) R. Br.: Noguchi (1971). Note: Malta (1926) only records this species from Europe.

PLAGIOTHECIACEAE

Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Iwats.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). P. neckeroideum B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). var. sikkimense Ren. & Card.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). P. nemorale (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Lewinsky (1974). P. sylvaticum (Brid.) B.S.G.: Noguchi (1967), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Early reports are based on a Griffith specimen from Bhutan (KD 606, NY, H-SOL).

POL YTRICHACEAE

Lyellia crisp a R.Br.: Mitten (1859), Muller (1900), Brotherus (1925), BrUhl (1931), Chopra

(1975), Gangulee (1969-1980). These records are based both on Griffith specimens from Bhutan (KD 773, 774, BM, E, H-BR) and a Durel collection (BM) which is from Kalimpong district. Oligotrichum aligerum Mitt.: Noguchi (1971). O. semilamellatum (Hook. f.) Mitt.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969- 1980), Chopra (1975). O. hercynicumsensuNoguchi (1971) non (Hedw.) Lam. &DC.: MUller (1900), Noguchi (1971), Smith (1976). Early reports are based on a Griffith collection (KD 782, BM, H-BR) from Bhutan. (Pogonatumaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. forma aloides. The Bhutan record in Gangulee (1969-1980) is based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district. Other records, ie. Bruhl (1931) and Chopra (1975) probably refer to P. neesii fide Hyvonen (1989b).] Pogonatum cirratum (Sw.) Brid. subsp. cirratum: Hyvonen (1989b). subsp. fuscatum (Mitt.) Hyvonen Pogonatum fuscatum Mitt.: Hyvonen (1989b). P. fastigiatumMitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Pogonatum macrophyllum Dozy & Molk. var. darjeelingense Gang.: Noguchi (1971), Hyvonen (1989b). P. ulotopolytrichum C. Mull. nom. nud.: MUller (1900) based on Bhutan, Griffith KD 780. P. microstom~ (Schwagr:) Brid.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Hyvonen (1989b). P. neesii (C. MUll.) Dozy 356 DAVID G. LONG

Pogonatum aloides f. neesii (C. Mull.) Gang.: Gangulee (1969-1980). Pogonatum stevensii Ren. & Card.: Noguchi (1971), Hyvonen (1986, 1989b). The Bhutan record of P. stevensii in Gangulee (1969-1980) is based .on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district. P. nudiusculum Mitt.: Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975), Hyvonen (1989b). P. perichaetiale (Mont.) Jaeg.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975). subsp. perichaetiale: Hyvonen (1989b) subsp. thomsonii (Mitt.) Hyyonen Pogonatum thomsonii (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Muller (1900), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). P. proliferum (Griff.) Mitt. Pogonatum gymnophyllum Mitt.: Muller (1900), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). P. rufisetum Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Chopra (1975), Hyyonen (1989b ). P. sinense (Broth.) Hyvonen & Wu: Hyvonen & Wu (1993). Microdendron sinense Broth.: Long (1992). P. umigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv.: Hyvonen (1989b). Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G.L. Smith. Polytrichum alpinum Hedw.: Noguchi (1971). P. torquatum Osada & G. L. Smith: Smith (1974, 1976). Polytrichumjuniperinum Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980).

[P. serricuspis C. Milil. nom. nud.: Muller (1900). Identity unknown.]

POITIACEAE

Barbula flavicans D.G. Long nom. nov. Syn.: Tortula [lavescens Hook. & Grev., Edin. J. Sci. 1:297, 1824. hom. iUeg. nee Tortula [lavescens (With.) P. Beauv. 1805, non Tortula [lavescens Brid. 1806. Type: 'Nepaul, Wallich'. Syn.: Barbula[lavescens (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1:831,1826 hom. flleg. non Roehling 1813. Syn.: Tortula fuscescens Hook. & Grev. in Wallich, Num. List Herb. E. Ind. Compo n. 7567, 1832. nom. nud. (error for T. [lavescens Hook. & Grev.). Syn.: Barbula fuscescens C. Mull. Syn. Muse. 1: 831, 1849, nom. in val. (Art. 34.1). Note: The name Barbula fuscescens has been widely used for this moss up to the present time (e.g. Wijk et aI., 1959-1969; Chopra, 1975; Gangulee, 1969-1980; Zander, 1993). According to Wijk et al. Barbula fuscescens was published by 'Wallich, Num. List Herb. E. Ind. Compo n. 7576 1832'. In fact, Wallich Num. List No. 7576 is 'Dicranum fragile Hook.' (Wallich, 1832) and the Index Muscorum entry should have been Wallich Num. List 7567 which reads 'Tortula fuscescens Hook. & Grev.' This name is a lapsus calami by Wallich for Tortula [lavescens. The binomial Barbula fuscescens is an extension of Wallich's mistake into the genus Barbula and appears to have been first perpetrated by C. Muller (1849) who gave the name Barbula fuscescens Wall. Num. List 7567 as a synonym of Barbula [lavescens (Hook. & Grev.) MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 357

Brid.; it is therefore invalidly published. This error was repeated by Paris (1894-1898). Thus the name Barbula fuscescens was not proposed as an avowed substitute for the illegitimate Tortula jlavescens but arose as a result of two errors of transcription by Wallich and C. Muller. Thus it requires a new name. It has been reported from Bhutan by Bruhl (1931) and Gangulee (1969-1980). Bryoerythrophyllum inaequalifolium (Tayl.) Zander: Long (1992). B. recurvum (Griff.) Saito Didymodon recurvus (Griff.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980). B. wallichii (Mitt.) Chen: Long (1992). Didymodon michiganensis (Steere) Saito: Long (1992). D. nigrescens (Mitt.) Saito Barbula nigrescens Mitt.: Chen (1941), Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). (Hydrogonium dicranelloides Gang. Barbula dicranelloides C. Mull. nom. nud. Reported from Bhutan by Bruhl (1931) and Gangulee (1969-1980). Both these reports are based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district.] Hymenostylium annotinum Mitt. ex Dix.: Dixon (1910), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969- 1980), Chopra 1975). Type from Bhutan: Khegumpa, Griffith 17 (BM). H. recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix. Gymnostomum recurvirostrum Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Leptodontium viticulosoides (P. Beauv.) Wijk & Marg. L. squarrosum (Hook.) Hampe: Chen (1941), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Norris & Koponen (1987).

Molendoa sendtneriana (B.S.G.) Limpr.: Saito (1972) based on Bhutan Griffith 35 (NY). Scopelophila cataractae (Mitt.) Broth.: Norris & Koponen (1987). Merceya gedeana (Lac.) Nog.: Gangulee(1969-1980).

PTEROBRYACEAE

Calyptotbecium bookeri (Mitt.) Broth.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Penzigiella cordata (Hook. ex Harv.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Manuel (1975).

PTYCHOMITRIACEAE

Ptycbomitrium tortula (Harv.) Jaeg.: Noguchi (1971).

RACOPILACEAE

Racopilum ortbocarpum Mitt.: Long (1992).

REGMATODONTACEAE

RegmatodoR ortbostegius Mont.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983). 358 DAVID G. LONG

RHIZOGONIACEAE

[Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. Rhizogonium spiniforme (Hedw.) Bruch. Reports from Bhutan (Bruhl, 1931; Chopra, 1975) are probably based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district.]

RHYTIDIACEAE

Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

SEMATOPHYLLACEAE

[Brotherella amblystegia (Mitt.) Broth. Stereo don amblystegia Mitt. Reported by Bruhl (1931) based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district.] Brotherella curvirostris (Schwagr.) Fleisch.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980). Pylaisiadelpha curvirostris (Schwagr.) Buck Early reports are based both on Griffith specimens from Bhutan (KD 593, 594, BM, E, H-BR) and a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district (BM, H-BR). Ando, Seki &

Schofield (1989) have kept Brotherella as a distinct genus from Pylaisiadelpha. B. erythrocaulis (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980). Pylaisiadelpha erythrocaulis (Mitt.) Buck Early reports are based on Griffith specimens from Bhutan (BM, H-BR). B. perpinnata (Broth.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Pylaisiadelpha perpinnata (Broth.) Buck B. propinqua (Harv.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Pylaisiadelpha propinqua (Harv.) Buck Clastobryopsis planula (Mitt.) Fleisch. Aptychella planula (Mitt.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). [Trichosteleum stereodontoides Broth. ex Gang. The records for Bhutan in Bruhl (1931) and Chopra (1975) are based on the type from Kalimpong District.] Wijkia deflexifolia (Ren. & Card.) Crum: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Acanthocladium entodontoides Broth. nom. nud. This was reported from Bhutan by Bruhl (1931) based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district. Acanthocladium deflexifolium Ren. & Card.: Renauld & Cardot (1905), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Horikawa & Ando (1964). Renauld & Cardot (1905) included a 'Bhotan' Durel specimen from Kalimpong District as a syntype; other early reports may be based on this specimen or on Griffith KD 394 (BM) from Bhutan. w. penicillata (Mitt.) Crum: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). Acanthocladium penicillatum (Mitt.) Broth.: Bruhl (1931). w. tanytricha (Mont.) Crum: Chopra (1975). Acanthocladium tanytrichum (Mont.) Broth.: Bruhl (1931), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 359

Acanthocladium semitortipilum Fleisch. nom. nud.: Fleischer (1900-1922), Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931); type from Bhutan. Wijkia semitortipila Chopra nom. nud.: Chopra (1975). Fleischer's type of A. semitortipilum (Bhutan, Griffith 389) is referred to this species by Gangulee (1969-1980)

SPHAGNACEAE

[Sphagnum cuspidatulum C. Mull. Records in Gangulee (1969-1980) and Chopra (1975) are based on a Gammie specimen probably from Sikkim.] Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ.: Noguchi (1971). [S. magellanicum Brid. Bhutan records in Gangulee (1969-1980) and Chopra (1975) are based on a Gammie specimen probably from Sikkim.] S. palustre L. subsp. pseudocymbifolium (C. Mull.) Eddy: Eddy (1977). S. pseudocymbifolium C. Mull.: Gangulee (1969-1980).

SPLACHNACEAE

Tayloria indica Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Koponen & Koponen (1974).

T. subglabra (Griff.) Mitt.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Koponen & Koponen (1974). Tetraplodon mnioides (Hedw.) B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971).

SYMPHYODONTACEAE

[Syrnphyodon asper (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931) Gangulee (1969-1980). These reports are probably based on a Durel specimen (H-BR) from Kalimpong distict.] Symphyodon echinatus (Mitt.) Jaeg. Symphyodon asper (Mitt.) Jaeg. var. mammosus Gang.: Gangulee (1969-1980); type from Bhutan (Bailfa, Griffith, BM). The type specimen has been redetermined as this species by S. He and J.A. Snider in 1991. S. erinaceus (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Noguchi (1971). S. erraticus (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Brotherus (1925), Bruhl (1931), Horikawa & Ando (1964), Gangulee (1969-1980).

TETRAPHIDACEAE

Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.: Long (1992). Tetrodontium brownianum (Dicks.) Schwagr.: Long (1992). 360 DAVID G. LONG

THUIDIACEAE

Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) Fleisch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Cyrtohypnum haplohymenium (Harv. & Hook. f.) Buck & Crum. Thuidium haplohymenium (Harv. & Hook. f.) Jaeg. var. brachymenium (Herz.) Vo- hra.: Vohra (1983). T. brachymenium Herz.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Note: the epithet brachymenium has not been combined into Cyrtohypnum at varietal or specific rank. C. mbiginosum (Besch.) Buck & Crum Thuidium rubiginosum Besch. T. koelzii Robinson.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983); synonymy fide Watanabe (1991). C. sparsifolium (Mitt.) Buck & Crum Thuidium sparsifolium (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Watanabe (1975), Vohra (1983). Watanabe's record is based on 'Kogumpa, Griffith' from Bhutan. C. squarrosulum (Ren. & Card.) Buck & Crum Thuidium squarrosulum Ren. & Card. var. scabrisetum Vohra.: Vohra (1980, 1983); type from Bhutan. Note: var. scabrisetum has not been combined into Cyrtohypnum. C. talongense (Besch.) Buck & Crum Thuidium talongense Besch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983). C. tamariscellum (C. MUll.) Buck & Crum Thuidium tamariscellum (C. MUll.) Bosch & Lac.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). C. vestitissimum (Besch.) Buck & Crum Thuidium vestitissimum Besch.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983). [Thuidium contortulum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: Vohra (1983). Although treated as a synonym of Cyrtohypnum (Thuidium) sparsijolium by some authors, Vohra (1983) considers it a good species but does not give the source of his report from Bhutan; this may be based on the Griffith specimen now referred to T. sparsifolium. It belongs to Cyrtohypnum as defined by Buck & Crum (1990).] Thuidium cYmbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.: BrUhl (1931), Gangulee (1969- 1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983), Norris & Koponen (1985). The record in Fleischer (1900-1922) is based on a Durel specimen from Kalimpong district. T. phi6bertii Limpr.: Vohra (1983). T. pristocalyx (C. MUll.) Jaeg. T. glaucinum (Mitt.) Bosch & Lac.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983); syn. fide Watanabe (1991).

TIMMIACEAE

Timmia megapolitana Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 361

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

L. T. Ellis and A. J. Harrington (BM) are thanked for assistance at the Natural History Museum, London, and arranging loan of specimens; J. Enroth (H) for searching for specimens in H-SOL and H-BR, and C. C. Townsend for many comments and helpful suggestions.

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D. G. LONG,Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, U.K.