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Banisteria21 Piedmontmosses 28 BANISTERIA No. 21, 2003 PLATE 7 BREIL: PIEDMONT MOSSES 29 2a. Leaves not keeled (V-shaped in cross-section), Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. lying flat on a slide; midrib flat, not prominent (Amblystegium tenax of some authors) - On wet rocks at back; leaf tip usually acute; capsules exserted in and beside brooks. Amelia, Buckingham, Campbell, ........................................................ G. laevigata Mecklenburg, Prince Edward, Spotsylvania counties. 2b. Leaves keeled, some lying folded at least at Plate 7. apex; capsules immersed............. G. apocarpa 41. Hygrohypnum Lindb. 1. Grimmia alpicola Hedw. On dry granite rock. Prince Edward County. Creeping, irregularly branched, moderate-sized mosses, in shiny, yellowish to golden-brown soft mats. 2. Grimmia apocarpa Hedw. Leaves concave, crowded, with midrib short, single On rocks in dry exposed places. Lunenburg, Nottoway or forked, strong. Setae long, reddish, capsules counties. Plate 7. cylindric, almost erect, curved when dry. 3. Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. Hygrohypnum eugyrium (BSG) Loeske On exposed rock or soil over rock. This species is On wet rocks in or along streams. Buckingham, important in primary succession on vast expanses of Spotsylvania counties. Plate 7. flat granitic rocks along the Fall Line and throughout the Piedmont. Albemarle, Amelia, Lunenburg, 42. Hypnum Hedw. Nottoway, Prince Edward, Spotsylvania counties. Creeping slender to robust mosses, irregularly to 38. Haplohymenium Dozy & Molk pinnately branched, in green, yellowish, or golden green mats or tufts. Stems and branches usually hooked Small creeping plants, freely and irregularly branched, at tips. Leaves crowded, strongly curved and turned in dull, dark green or yellow-green to brown rigid mats. to one side. Setae long; capsules erect to inclined, cylindric, curved and asymmetric. Haplohymenium triste (Ces. ex De Not.) Kindb. On trunks, sometimes branches of trees, rarely on logs 1a. Cells at basal angles of leaves squarish, not or rocks in loose patches. Amherst, Buckingham, thin-walled or inflated; capsules suberect ..... 2. Prince Edward counties. Plate 7. 1b. Basal angle cells clear, + enlarged or inflated, thin-walled; capsules inclined ........................ 3. 39. Hedwigia P. Beauv. 2a. Rather robust plants with 4-6 opaque, squarish cells occurring along leaf margins, below them Robust, irregularly branched, erect mosses in dull a few somewhat larger, clear or orange-brown green, yellow, or grayish mats, usually with clear- cells ................................................ H. imponens tipped leaves. Capsules almost spherical, deeply 2b. Rather small plants with numerous opaque immersed in sheathing leaves. quadrate cells occurring in triangular groups; leaf margins with small teeth nearly all around Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. ...................................................... H. pallescens On dry granitic boulders in fields or dry and open woods. Appomattox, Fluvanna, Halifax, Lunenburg, 3a. Stems prostrate, closely and regularly pinnate; Nottoway, Prince Edward counties. Plate 7. outer stem cells not or somewhat enlarged; leaves toothed to well below apex, usually in 40. Hygroamblystegium Loeske the upper 1/3 to 1/2......................................... 4. 3b. Stems usually ascending, loosely and Small, dark or yellow-green creeping mosses, freely irregularly branched; outer stems cells and irregularly branched, forming mats in wet, often conspicuously enlarged; leaves entire or submerged, habitats. Leaves with strong midribs. Setae toothed only near apex; basal cells abruptly long, capsules curved-cylindric. inflated .......................................... H. lindbergii 30 BANISTERIA No. 21, 2003 PLATE 8 BREIL: PIEDMONT MOSSES 31 4a. Outer stem cells not enlarged; 1b. Brood branchlets lacking; cells of basal angles pseudoparaphyllia (leaf-like structures) none; of leaf somewhat different, short oblong to leaves broad, triangular-ovate, broadly tapering square ................................................ I. tenerum to apex, abruptly rounded at base to leaf insertion .................................... H. curvifolium 1. Isopterygium elegans (Brid.) Lindb. 4b. Outer stem cells somewhat enlarged; On granitic type rocks on hemlock bluffs, also on soil pseudoparaphyllia present at base of branches or humus of banks in moist woods. Campbell, or where new branches are forming; leaves Charlotte counties. Plate 8. narrow, lanceolate, somewhat rounded to insertion .............................................. H. fertile 2. Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. On logs and stumps, bark at the base of trees, and sandy 1. Hypnum curvifolium Hedw. soil, typically in rather dry places such as pine woods In moist shady soil in pine-oak forests, on banks, but sometimes in swampy habitats. Prince Edward sometimes on humus, logs, or bark at the base of trees. County. The commonest upland Hypnum in our area. Appomattox, Buckingham, Fluvanna, Halifax, 44. Leptobryum (BSG) Wils. Mecklenburg, Prince Edward, Spotsylvania counties. Slender, erect, unbranched mosses in loose or dense 2. Hypnum fertile Sendtn. shiny, light or yellow-green tufts. Leaves small and On rotten logs in woods. Appomattox, Buckingham, remote below, abruptly larger and crowded at stem tips. Campbell, Prince Edward, Spotsylvania counties. Setae terminal, long; capsules strongly inclined to pendulous, pear-shaped from a slender neck. 3. Hypnum imponens Hedw. On rotten logs and commonly also on rock, soil, Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils. humus, or rarely bark at the base of trees in moist or A common weed on soil, rotten wood, humus, or wet forests. Campbell, Fluvanna, Nottoway, Prince occasionally rock in wet places, particularly in Edward counties. Plate 7. swamps, burned-over habitats, common in greenhouses, eve-drip zone on soil around houses. 4. Hypnum lindbergii Mitt. Plate 8. On wet soil, humus, or rotten logs in swamp forests or sedge meadows, especially along low margins of lakes 45. Leptodictyum (Schimp.) Warnst. or ponds. Amelia, Buckingham, Campbell, Fluvanna, Mecklenburg, Prince Edward counties. Creeping, mosses, medium-sized to robust; in thin, dull, dirty green or yellowish mats, usually in wet 5. Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv. places, sometimes submerged. Stems freely and (H. reptile Michx.) - On bark at the base of trees, irregularly to subpinnately branched. Leaves soft, flat, less commonly on logs, rocks, and other substrata, in distant, wide spreading; midrib single above mid-leaf; woods. cells smooth. Setae long; capsules curved, not common. 43. Isopterygium Mitt. 1a. Leaves wide-spreading, forming an angle of Small creeping mosses in shiny, pale or bright green 80 -90 degrees with stem, 1-1.6 mm long; to yellowish mats. Stems irregularly to pinnately median leaf cells 3-6 times as long as wide ...... branched; branches spreading. Leaves flattened, ............................................................ L. humile lanceolate to ovate; midrib short and double or lacking. 1b. Leaves erect-spreading, forming an angle of Setae long, capsules inclined to horizontal, ovoid to 30-60 degrees with stem; 1.2 - 5.0 mm long; cylindric, symmetric to curved. median leaf cells 5–15 times as long as wide .......................................................... L. riparium 1a. Brood branchlets distributed along length of stems and branches, clustered in leaf axils; 1. Leptodictyum humile (P. Beauv.) Crum basal cells (alar) of leaf not or slightly (also L. trichopodium) - On soil, rocks, and decaying differentiated ..................................... I. elegans wood in wet, shady places like swamps, but often in 32 BANISTERIA No. 21, 2003 PLATE 9 BREIL: PIEDMONT MOSSES 33 lawns and meadows. Appomattox, Halifax, Prince 1a. Plants large, 2-10 cm high, leaves 3-9 mm long Edward counties. ......................................................... L. glaucum 1b. Plants smaller, 1-2 cm high, leaves 1-4 mm 2. Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. long................................................... L. albidum On wet humus, leaf litter, decayed wood, and fallen twigs and branches in swamps, frequently in wet 1. Leucobryum albidum (Brid.) Lindb. depressions. Buckingham, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, On moist rotten logs or stumps, less often on bark at Nottoway, Prince Edward counties. Plate 8. base of trees (including pines!), soil, humus, or rock. Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Halifax, Prince 46. Leskea Hedw. Edward counties. Small creeping mosses in dull, dark green or brownish 2. Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Angstr. ex Fries mats, freely to subpinnately branched, branches often On humus or soil in moist forests, often covering ascending; paraphyllia few. Leaves ovate to ovate- extensive low mounds, sometimes on logs or stumps lanceolate; midrib extending almost to apex, single; or on bark at the base of trees; commonly in pine upper cells hexagonal, bulging, singly papillose. Setae forests or mixed oak woods. Buckingham, Fluvanna, long, cylindric, erect, symmetric or somewhat curved. Halifax, Nottoway, Prince Edward counties. Plate 8. 1a. Leaves somewhat longer than broad, often 48. Leucodon Schwaegr. slightly asymmetric; capsules subcylindric, curved............................................ L. polycarpa Robust creeping mosses in dull, dark green rigid tufts. 1b. Leaves not much longer than broad, not Secondary stems simple or sparsely branched. Leaves asymmetric; capsules oblong-cylindric, ovate, dense, pressed to stem when dry, wide-spreading straight ..............................................................
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